CN101107908A - Weed control method for protective cultivation cornfield in farm and pasture alternation district - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a ruderal control method for protection cornfield in farming-pasturing interlocked areas, which is characterized in that: the method is the ruderal combination control method for cornfield combining the chemical weed control, weeding by machine, weeding by manpower and other methods for weeding based on agricultural wheels. The method reduces the water erosion and wind erosion about 30 per cent for soil and vaporization of water in soil, enhances soil infiltration capacity, improves the rainwater utilization rate, increases the organic content on surface of the soil and lowers the operation cost by 20 to 50 per cent; besides, the invention can reduce the surface runoff by 50 to 60 per cent and soil lose about 80 per cent and enhance soil storage capacity of 16 to 19 per cent, thus deducing the smoke and protecting the environment.

Description

Weed control method for protective cultivation cornfield in farm and pasture alternation district

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of weed control that is used for cross region between farmland and grassland conservation tillage wheat paddock, refer in particular to agricultural wheel, with the wheat paddock method of weed control of herbicidal methods such as chemical weed control, weeding by machine, artificial weeding and usefulness as basic.

Background technology

The staggered band of China's agriculture and animal husbandry is the agro-farming industry and herd the area that the industry of supporting crosses, and the quality of this area ecotope directly affects the quality of northern China ecotope.Farming is not only arranged here, herd and the time farming, in time, herd, and is the least stable area of the mode of production in agriculture and animal husbandry.Its arable land, deterioration of grasslands form show as: the wind erosion of ploughing is desertified, and serious, arable land environmental quality degeneration, severe water and soil erosion, primary grassland area fall sharply, deterioration of grasslands, impaired, the environmental deterioration of ecological functions, five aspects of degradation under the anti-disaster ability.

Mechanized Conversation Tillage is for improving agriculture work efficiency, and the liberation agricultural workforce has brought into play huge effect.Along with the expansion of conservation tillage implement scale and the continuity of time, expansion takes place rapidly in some zonal diseases, worm, crop smothering, and especially weeds harm is serious day by day.Conservation tillage is compared with conventional tillage, turn over and handle the means of weeds owing to cancelled mouldboard plow, and the face of land has stalk to cover or the stalk stubble is retained, thereby it is serious day by day to make that harm takes place for weeds in conservation tillage ground.All bring certain difficulty for chemical weed control, machinery or artificial weeding.Outstanding behaviours is in following several respects: 1. farmland weed increases, and grows unevenly, and the weeds occurrence degree increases the weight of; 2. the growing environment of farmland weed has been protected in no-tillage operation, causes back stubble weeds density height, grass big age, has increased difficulty of prevention and cure; 3. the weed killer herbicide consumption increases, and has to a certain degree increased the weight of the environmental pollution degree; 4. serious conservation tillage farmland grain drop in production takes place in weeds, and commodity reduces.Weeds harm has now become the critical limitation factor of further expansion and stable conservation tillage, at present, there is not good method of weed control in cross region between farmland and grassland conservation tillage field always.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Weed control method for protective cultivation cornfield in farm and pasture alternation district; this method is on the basis of giving full play to agricultural mechanization conservation tillage advantage; take turns as the basis, with the wheat paddock weeds Comprehensive Control Technology system of chemical weed control, weeding by machine, artificial weeding and other herbicidal methods and usefulness with agricultural.Solve the farmland weed that conservation tillage causes effectively and increase, back stubble weeds density height, grass age, big, control was difficult to and problems such as pedo relict increase and environmental pollution.Be expected to be agricultural produce, synergy, increasing peasant income and ecotope improve provides technical powerful guarantee, promotes farming and animal husbandry to produce benign cycle, for the road of walking sustainable development provides reliable basis.

The solution of the present invention is as follows:

It is characterized in that: based on agronomy supplementary measures such as crop rotations, use the weed killer herbicide weed eradication prior to seeding, spring, no-tillage seeding carried out mechanical intertill and clean tillage at wheat seedling stage, manually pulled out big grass at wheat booting period, used the weed killer herbicide weed eradication after the wheat autumn harvest.

Advantage of the present invention is: 1, produces and throws than high, and good in economic efficiency; 2, to agricultural product, soil is pollution-free; 3, simple, the operation easily of method is convenient to large tracts of land and is promoted; 4, improved the farmland work efficiency, the agricultural workforce has brought into play huge effect for liberation; 5, integrated use herbicide synergist technology, the proper application technology reduces by 1/3rd weed killer herbicide dosages, alleviates environmental pressure.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

The a crop rotation is under the condition of nonirrigated farmland, and rotation sequence is wheat, soybean, rape, sunflower, buckwheat successively, stubble plantation wheat after the buckwheat; Under irrigation conditions, rotation sequence is followed successively by wheat, soybean, corn, Chinese sorghum, millet, stubble plantation wheat behind the millet.1 year one batch, these diversified crop species (comprise cereal and broad leaf crop, warm season crop and dead season crop) after this science crop rotation, will play very big help to weeds control.

Weed eradication is 7-10 days prior to seeding before the b sowing, flies to reach soluble powder or 41% farming reaches aqua with 30%, and all consumption 120-200g/ mu is converted clear water 30-40kg/ mu, the weed eradication of spraying.

C spring no-tillage seeding is sowed mating power 60-654 tractor with 200Z4/8 type precision rotary seeder.The loam bulk density of soil in the 0-5cm topsoil is less than 1.2g/cm ³, clay soil unit weight is less than 1.4g/cm ³, the soil moisture content in the 0-10cm topsoil must be greater than 10%.Wheat seed carries out selected processing, and degree of purity reaches more than 98%, and germination rate reaches more than 95%.The sowing depth unanimity.The wheat mu amount of broadcasting 20kg.Emergence rate 〉=90%.

D machinery intertill and clean tillage requires seedling-damaging ratio less than 1% with the multi-functional extirpator pine soil depth of 3ZF-1.2 type 3-4cm.Weeding remains in the middle of the two row seedlings, departs from the center and is not more than 3cm.Do not shovel seedling, press seedling, hinder seedling.

The e wheat booting period is manually pulled out big careless spring wheat field and is manually hoed up weeds at the end of May to early June and carry out, and manually pulls out the field and leaves over big grass and carry out at wheat booting period, requires to root out.

After the f autumn harvest behind the weed eradication harvesting wheat, fly to reach soluble powder or 41% farming reaches aqua with 30%, all consumption 120-200g/ mu is converted clear water 30-40kg/ mu, weeds cauline leaf spraying weed eradication.

Comparative example 1:

The a crop rotation is under the condition of nonirrigated farmland, and rotation sequence is wheat, rape, stubble plantation wheat behind the rape; Under irrigation conditions, order is wheat, corn, rape, stubble plantation wheat behind the rape.1 year one batch.

B spring no-tillage seeding is sowed mating power 60-654 tractor with 200Z4/8 type precision rotary seeder.Wheat seed carries out selected processing, and degree of purity reaches more than 98%, and germination rate reaches more than 95%, the sowing depth unanimity.The wheat mu amount of broadcasting 20kg.Emergence rate 〉=90%.

The c wheat chemistry weed eradication wheat 3-5 leaf phase in seedling stage adds 36% diclofop-methyl missible oil 130-183ml/ mu with 22.5% Brominal missible oil 100ml/ mu, respectively converts water 15-20kg; Or add 25% chlortoluron soluble powder 150-170g/ mu with 13% methoxone sodium aqua 60ml/ mu, and respectively convert water 15-20kg/ mu, add the urea of liquid measure 0.3% again, after fully dissolving, the weeds cauline leaf is sprayed.

Comparative example 2:

The a crop rotation is under the condition of nonirrigated farmland, and rotation sequence is wheat, rape, stubble plantation wheat behind the rape; Under irrigation conditions, order is wheat, corn, millet, stubble plantation wheat behind the millet.1 year one batch.

B spring no-tillage seeding is sowed mating power 60-654 tractor with 200Z4/8 type precision rotary seeder.The loam bulk density of soil in the 0-5cm topsoil is less than 1.2g/cm ³, clay soil unit weight is less than 1.4g/cm ³, the soil moisture content in the 0-10cm topsoil must be greater than 10%.Wheat seed carries out selected processing, and degree of purity reaches more than 98%, and germination rate reaches more than 95%, the sowing depth unanimity.The wheat mu amount of broadcasting 20kg.Emergence rate 〉=90%.

C wheat chemistry weed eradication in seedling stage and mechanical intertill and clean tillage wheat 3-5 leaf phase, field grass family and broad leaved weeds mix gives birth to group, selects for use 22.5% Brominal missible oil 100ml/ mu to add 36% diclofop-methyl missible oil 130-183ml/ mu, respectively converts water 15-20kg; Or add 25% chlortoluron soluble powder 150-170g/ mu with 13% methoxone sodium aqua 60ml/ mu, respectively convert water 15-20kg/ mu, the urea that adds liquid measure 0.3% again, after fully dissolving, the weeds cauline leaf is sprayed, use the multi-functional extirpator pine soil depth of 3ZF-1.2 type 3-4cm then, require seedling-damaging ratio less than 1%.Weeding remains in the middle of the two row seedlings, departs from the center and is not more than 3cm.Do not shovel seedling, press seedling, hinder seedling; The single broad leaved weeds of weeds in field in seedling stage mixes gives birth to group, select for use 72% 2,4-D butyl ester missible oil 30ml/ mu to add 22.5% Brominal missible oil 60-80ml/ mu, respectively convert water 15-20kg/ mu, or with 72%2,4-D butyl ester missible oil 25-30ml/ mu adds 75% superstar's dry suspending agent 0.6-0.7g, respectively converts water 15-20kg, adds the urea of liquid measure 0.3% again, after fully dissolving, to the spraying of weeds cauline leaf, use the multi-functional extirpator pine soil depth of 3ZF-1.2 type 3-4cm then, require seedling-damaging ratio less than 1%.Weeding remains in the middle of the two row seedlings, departs from the center and is not more than 3cm.Do not shovel seedling, press seedling, hinder seedling; Seedling stage, the single grassy weed in field mixed living group, select 36% diclofop-methyl missible oil 130-183ml/ mu or 6.9% galloping horse soluble oil 50-60ml/ mu or 10% galloping horse soluble oil 30-40ml/ mu for use, all convert water 30-40kg/ mu, the urea that adds liquid measure 0.3% again, after fully dissolving, to the spraying of weeds cauline leaf, use the multi-functional extirpator pine soil depth of 3ZF-1.2 type 3-4cm then, require seedling-damaging ratio less than 1%.Weeding remains in the middle of the two row seedlings, departs from the center and is not more than 3cm.Do not shovel seedling, press seedling, hinder seedling.

The d wheat booting period is manually pulled out big careless spring wheat field and is manually hoed up weeds at the end of May to early June and carry out, and manually pulls out the field and leaves over big grass and carry out at wheat booting period, requires to root out.

Respectively execute the effect table of example to wheat

Annotate: through agricultural product quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Beijing) the wheat fruit that sprayed chemical agent is carried out herbicide residue and detect.

Test method of the present invention is as follows:

Be analyzed as follows according to academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province " agricultural science and technology achievement economic benefit computational methods " through economic benefit:

(1) cost structure situation

Mu drops into goods and materials expense (seed expense, chemical fertilizer take, weed killer herbicide take) and every operating cost such as following table:

Wheat paddock cost structure situation statistical form unit: unit/mu

(2) input-output ratio:

Operation ratio=total the input: total output always drops into=mu input * cultivated area

Total output=per mu yield goes out * cultivated area

(wheat is by 1.4 yuan of prices/kg) for per mu yield value=per mu yield * crop unit price

Innovation of the present invention is to utilize the non-season of growth of crops to spray chemical herbicide weeding and tradition A kind of weeding new method of combining of agricultural intertill and clean tillage, amazingly be, after this method is implemented, Has herbicidal effect outstanding, that be difficult to expect: compare the wheat growth stage Application of Herbicides, its effect Good, product is thrown than high, the economic benefit height, and environmental pollution is little, is a kind of new technology of agriculture cost-saving synergistic; To agricultural product, soil is pollution-free, be to develop eco-agriculture and a kind of new approaches of nuisanceless green product; And method is simple, easily operation, and the peasant is easy to accept, and is convenient to spread, is cross region between farmland and grassland The weed control method that the peasant is most popular in the conservation tillage field. This takes into account economic benefit, society's effect The advanced weeding technology of benefit and ecological benefits can in the active and stable popularization of vast cross region between farmland and grassland, be agricultural Volume increase, synergy, increasing peasant income and Improvement of Ecological Environment provide technical powerful guarantee, promote farming and animal husbandry Produce benign cycle, provide reliable basis for walking Sustainable Development Road.

Claims (1)

1. the method for weed control of cross region between farmland and grassland conservation tillage wheat paddock is characterized in that:

Based on crop rotation agronomy supplementary measures, use the weed killer herbicide weed eradication before the sowing, spring, no-tillage seeding carried out mechanical intertill and clean tillage at wheat seedling stage, manually pulled out big grass at wheat booting period, used the weed killer herbicide weed eradication after the wheat autumn harvest:

The a crop rotation is under the condition of nonirrigated farmland, and rotation sequence is wheat, soybean, rape, sunflower, buckwheat successively, stubble plantation wheat after the buckwheat; Under irrigation conditions, rotation sequence is followed successively by wheat, soybean, corn, Chinese sorghum, millet, stubble plantation wheat behind the millet, 1 year one batch;

Weed eradication is 7-10 days prior to seeding before the b sowing, flies to reach soluble powder or 41% farming reaches aqua with 30%, and all consumption 120-200g/ mu is converted clear water 30-40kg/ mu, the weed eradication of spraying;

C spring no-tillage seeding is sowed with precision rotary seeder, and the loam bulk density of soil in the 0-5cm topsoil is less than 1.2g/cm ³, clay soil unit weight is less than 1.4g/cm ³, the soil moisture content in the 0-10cm topsoil must be greater than 10%, and wheat seed carries out selected processing, and degree of purity reaches more than 98%, and germination rate reaches more than 95%, sowing depth unanimity, the wheat mu amount of broadcasting 20kg, emergence rate 〉=90%;

D machinery intertill and clean tillage requires seedling-damaging ratio less than 1% with extirpator pine soil depth 3-4cm, and weeding remains in the middle of the two row seedlings, departs from the center and is not more than 3cm, does not shovel seedling, presses seedling, hinders seedling;

The e wheat booting period is manually pulled out big careless spring wheat field and is manually hoed up weeds at the end of May to early June and carry out, and manually pulls out the field and leaves over big grass and carry out at wheat booting period, requires to root out;

After the f autumn harvest behind the weed eradication harvesting wheat, fly to reach soluble powder or 41% farming reaches aqua with 30%, all consumption 120-200g/ mu is converted clear water 30-40kg/ mu, weeds cauline leaf spraying weed eradication.