CN104541863A - Protective farming and cultivating method - Google Patents
Protective farming and cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541863A CN104541863A CN201410809860.XA CN201410809860A CN104541863A CN 104541863 A CN104541863 A CN 104541863A CN 201410809860 A CN201410809860 A CN 201410809860A CN 104541863 A CN104541863 A CN 104541863A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to a protective farming and cultivating method, which is characterized in that a bisection crop-grass intercropping subsoiling straw-returning technology is employed, namely, a small ridge of 70 cm is employed; crops and leguminous forages are intercropped, so that a seedling region and a leguminous forage region are formed; two-row bunch planting is employed in the seedling region; proper close planting can be employed in the seedling region; a pitch is 20-25 cm; two rows of the crops are planted at intervals; the crops are planted in a triangle manner. According to the protective farming and cultivating method, a bisection method is employed for translation every year; the crops and the leguminous forages are intercropped in the first year; straws are all applied into the seedling region after harvesting, the straws are mulched; the crops are planted in the previous leguminous forage region in the second year; the leguminous forages are planted in the previous seedling region in the first year; the crops are not planted in the region in which the straws are applied; after the straws are thoroughly decomposed for one year, the crops are planted, so that the influence of the current-year straw returning on the crop yield is prevented, and the complete straw returning treatment of soil can be realized within two years.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new conservation tillage cultivation method, particularly a kind of dichotomy Crop-grass intercropping subsoiling straw-returning method, belongs to crops tillage cultivation method.
Background technology
20 beginnings of the century, due to the overfarming of the mankind, vegetation is seriously damaged, and result in world-shaking " black burn ", " black burn " sweeps away ConUS, and the farmland table soil of thousands of ton is blown off, and the grainfield of several ten million mu is destroyed.And soil surface has the place of stalk and crop residue cover, topsoil is but retained.Nineteen forty-two, the U.S. set up soil protection office, summed up and have developed conservation tillage method.At present, substantially eliminated in the U.S., Canada, Australia the conventional tillage mode that mouldboard plow is turned over, large area have employed the conservation tillage method turning to support with machinery, achieves better effects.This technology in North America, South America, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia apply the gross area and reach 9.46 hundred million mu, and in agriculture developed country improvement and popularizations substantially such as the U.S., Canada, Australia.
In order to accelerate the Demonstration And Extension process of conservation tillage, conservation tillage is listed in one of 50 agrotechnique of Tenth Five-Year Plan Period emphasis popularization by the Ministry of Agriculture.From 2002, state revenue set up again conservation tillage special fund, established conservation tillage project demonstration area in northern 13 provinces (city, district), demonstration area more than 100 ten thousand mu, nearly 5,000,000 mu of swept area.The area in China's arid, half-dried morning and half moistening inclined nonirrigated farmland district accounts for 52.5% of area, the severe natural conditions such as rainfall is few, temperature is low, soil depletion and water and soil loss, the people such as to desertify that erodes are the adverse consequences caused, and form the main cause of impact vast Dryland agricultural and social development.In China, most area is not owing to taking effectively also field measure, frequent farming, burning straw etc. cause soil fertility to reduce, tradition farmyard manure retting and use effort of taking a lot of work, cause organic manure application rate fewer and feweri, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer strengthens year by year, causes soil organic matter content more and more lower, soil compaction hardens, and affects plant growth.Conservation tillage can be protected and rationally use land effectively, is the basic premise realizing agricultural sustainable development, is also the important content and basic link of preserving the ecological environment.
Conventional tillage pursues intensive cultivation, but soil overprocessing can produce following counter productive: spoiled soil granular structure, more easily causes soil compaction; Easily kill soil beneficial organism; Aggravation rainwater and strong wind are to the erosion (water and soil loss and wind erosion are desertified) of soil; Mechanical cultivation defines tillage pan for many years, reduces soil water storage ability; Reduce soil moisture content and soil moisture anti-evaporating ability; Exposed plough earth's surface for sandstorm sand-dust source is provided; Time-consuming, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the object of the invention is to: a kind of new conservation tillage cultivation method is provided, adopting the cultivation method minimal tilled sowing, Crop-grass intercropping and subsoiling straw-returning and integrate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of conservation tillage cultivation method, adopts dichotomy Crop-grass intercropping subsoiling straw-returning, Ji Miao district and leguminous forage district, this seedling district crop duplicate rows program request, all also fields of the stalk after this seedling district results, carry out stalk and turn over and bury; Take dichotomy translation every year, within 2 years, soil can be realized and all carry out straw-returning process.
Described conservation tillage cultivation method adopts 70cm micro-ridge Crop-grass intercropping tillage method, i.e. 70cm seedling district and 70cm leguminous forage district; Results Hou Miao district subsoiling, executes stalk, carries out stalk and turns over and bury.
Described conservation tillage cultivation method, this seedling district adopts and minimal tills sowing, and stubble retains on the ground, and stubble height is 15-20cm.
Described conservation tillage cultivation method, this seedling district can rational close planted, and spacing 20-25cm, plant 2 row, isosceles triangle is planted.
Described conservation tillage cultivation method, the width of this seedling district subsoiling is 70cm, and the degree of depth is 20-40cm, carries out stalk and turns over and bury.
Described conservation tillage cultivation method, described dichotomy translation refers to that First Year two region is followed successively by seedling district and leguminous forage district, and Second Year is followed successively by leguminous forage district and Miao Qu.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that of technique scheme is adopted: improving straw mulching earth's surface when overcoming no-tillage, makes stalk in stack cause the defect of blocking up during sowing; Take dichotomy translation every year, can realize soil and all carry out straw-returning process, crop is not planted then and is executing stalk district, ability long-term cropping after 1 year becomes thoroughly decomposed, the impact avoiding straw-returning then to cause crop yield, improves soil structure, increases soil fertility.
Conservation tillage cultivation method of the present invention, be adopt 70cm micro-ridge tillage method, wherein sowing is minimal tilled in seedling district, and after results, subsoiling, executes stalk, carries out stalk and turns over and bury; Leguminous forage district plantation leguminous forage.Take dichotomy translation every year, namely First Year Two Areas is followed successively by seedling district and leguminous forage district, and Second Year is followed successively by leguminous forage district and Miao Qu, can realize soil and all carry out straw-returning process, improve soil structure, increase soil fertility in 2 years.
Minimal till sowing, stubble retains on the ground, and stubble height is 15-20cm substantially, completes fertilising, levels land during spring sowing.Sowing duplicate rows precision seeder is sowed, as long as the width of ditch and the degree of depth can cover the suitable soil of one deck to seed, can rational close planted, and spacing 20-25cm, plant 2 row, isosceles triangle is planted.
Leguminous forage district, leguminous forage is planted on ridge.
Subsoiling straw-returning, the width of subsoiling is 70cm, and the degree of depth is 20-40cm, can chesson, effectively can improve soil structure, improves the ability of soil water storage drought resisting.Tradition with turning over relatively, and subsoiling can make 0-30cm soil layer unit weight reduce 0.1t/m
3left and right, improves 0-50cm soil layer moisture content about 10.9%, 0-2m soil layer moisture content about 11.2%, increase yield 5.7%-11.3%.Whole for stalk Shi Jinmiao district, carry out stalk and turn over and bury, effectively can reduce soil water evaporation, increase the moisture of topsoil, set up humus layer.
Through experimental test, of the present inventionly cultivate method and existing tradition cultivates Measures compare, 0-20cm topsoil soils bacterial number increases 35.5-37.93%, Population of Actinomycetes increases 7.10-7.75%, total soil nitrogen improves 31.82%, ammonium nitrogen increases 1.98-2.36 doubly, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen increases 1.97-2.38 doubly, the soil organic matter improves 10.53%, microbial biomass carbon increases 1.3-1.4 doubly, water-soluble carbon improves 15.4-16.96%, soil urease improves 27.97-29.95%, catalase improves 6.65-7.14%, topsoil soils unit weight reduces 6.23-6.56%, output increased 10%-15%.
" dichotomy " Crop-grass intercropping subsoiling straw-returning technology is that dry land agriculture provides a kind of pattern, is beneficial to the development in dry farming area, for facilitation is played in the sustainable development of modern agriculture.This method not only has the feature of conservation tillage method, and also tool has the following advantages: 1. Crop-grass intercropping, increases soil fertility, and windproofly protects sand, conserves water and soil, increases production and improves productivity; 2. straw-returning is conducive to the improvement of the renewal of soil humus, the maintenance of soil organic matter balance and soil, improve biological activity of soil, fix, preserve and promote that nitrogen nutriment transforms, avoid nitrogen volatilization loss, increase crop to the absorption of nitrogen, increase Soil Microorganism validity carbon content, greatly have stimulated the activity of edaphon; 3. broken tillage pan, added deep plough level and do not overturn soil, do not destroyed topsoil structure, retain and conserve soil moisture; 4. leguminous forage is planted, can fixed nitrogen, increasing soil nitrogen, culture fertility, protection and improve farmland integrated production capacity, the rotation of seedling band, combining with supporting; 5. precise sowing, economizes kind of a saving of labor; 6. easy and simple to handle, cost-saving synergistic, facilitates feasible; 7. change pattern of farming, improve farm environment, enhance ventilation and penetrating light; 8. field management is convenient to, for regulating plant later period growth and development is provided convenience condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of dichotomy micro-ridge subsoiling straw-returning method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.But embodiment is only exemplary, does not form any restriction to scope of the present invention.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace down without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
On the basis that the autumn ploughs, the micro-ridge of the even line-spacing of conventional 70cm divides seedling district and leguminous forage district, with duplicate rows precision seeder at seedling district precise spot-sowing Corn Seeds, as long as the width of ditch and the degree of depth can cover the suitable soil of one deck to seed, the degree of depth is about 5-10cm, can rational close planted, spacing 25cm, plant 2 row, isosceles triangle is planted.Stubble retains on the ground, stubble height is 20cm substantially, intertillage mid-June subsoiling fertilizer applicator implements subsoiling and deep-topdressing in seedling district, the subsoiling degree of depth is 40cm, to connect the natural precipitation storing for 7 ~ August, after autumn crops results, the seedling district growth belt chopping stalk that cuts up and farmland returned machine, impose on seedling district, leguminous forage district small-size rotary tiller flattens soil, for getting kind of a bed next year ready.
Within 2nd year, sow with duplicate rows precision seeder in the leguminous forage district of the 1st year of rotary tillage leveling, 1st Nian Miao district is leguminous forage district, intertillage mid-June subsoiling fertilizer applicator implements subsoiling and deep-topdressing in seedling district, the subsoiling degree of depth is 40cm, after autumn crops results, the seedling district growth belt chopping stalk that cuts up and farmland returned machine, imposes on seedling district, leguminous forage district small-size rotary tiller flattens soil, for getting kind of a bed next year ready.Within 2 years, complete the overall process that " dichotomy " micro-ridge subsoiling straw-returning is cultivated, realize soil and all carry out straw-returning process, increase soil fertility, increase soil air resistance.
Through experimental test, of the present inventionly cultivate method and existing tradition cultivates Measures compare, 0-20cm topsoil soils bacterial number increases by 37.93%, Population of Actinomycetes increases by 7.75%, total soil nitrogen improves 31.82%, ammonium nitrogen increases by 2.36 times, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen increases by 2.38 times, the soil organic matter improves 10.53%, and microbial biomass carbon increases by 1.4 times, and water-soluble carbon improves 16.96%, soil urease improves 29.95%, catalase improves 7.14%, and topsoil soils unit weight reduces 6.56%, output increased 10%-15%.
Embodiment 2
The micro-ridge of even for conventional 70cm line-spacing is divided seedling district and Grassland Area by the basis that the autumn ploughs, and broadcast Corn Seeds with sower at Miao Qu, as long as the width of ditch and the degree of depth can cover the suitable soil of one deck to seed, the degree of depth is about 5-10cm, spacing 25cm, plants 1 row.Stubble retains on the ground, stubble height is 15cm substantially, intertillage mid-June subsoiling fertilizer applicator implements subsoiling and deep-topdressing in seedling district, the subsoiling degree of depth is 20cm, to connect the natural precipitation storing for 7 ~ August, after autumn crops results, the seedling district growth belt chopping stalk that cuts up and farmland returned machine, impose on seedling district, Grassland Area small-size rotary tiller flattens soil, for getting kind of a bed next year ready.
The 2nd year Grassland Area planting with sowing machine of the 1st year in rotary tillage leveling, 1st Nian Miao district is Grassland Area, intertillage mid-June subsoiling fertilizer applicator implements subsoiling and deep-topdressing in seedling district, the subsoiling degree of depth is 20cm, after autumn crops results, band is planted with the chopping stalk that cuts up and farmland returned machine by seedling district, imposes on seedling district, Grassland Area small-size rotary tiller flattens soil, for getting kind of a bed next year ready; Within 2 years, complete the overall process that " dichotomy " micro-ridge subsoiling straw-returning is cultivated, realize soil and all carry out straw-returning process, increase soil fertility, increase soil air resistance.
Through experimental test, of the present invention cultivate method and existing autumn stubble-cleaning, spring beat ridge, ridge are broadcast cultivate Measures compare, 0-20cm topsoil soils bacterial number increases by 35.5%, Population of Actinomycetes increases by 7.10%, total soil nitrogen improves 31.82%, ammonium nitrogen increases by 1.98 times, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen increases by 1.97 times, the soil organic matter improves 10.53%, and microbial biomass carbon increases by 1.3 times, and water-soluble carbon improves 15.4%, soil urease improves 27.97%, catalase improves 6.65%, and topsoil soils unit weight reduces 6.23%, output increased 10%.
Claims (6)
1. a conservation tillage cultivation method, is characterized in that, adopts dichotomy Crop-grass intercropping subsoiling straw-returning, Ji Miao district and leguminous forage district, this seedling district crop duplicate rows program request, all also fields of the stalk after this seedling district results, carries out stalk and turns over and bury; Take dichotomy translation every year, within 2 years, soil can be realized and all carry out straw-returning process.
2. conservation tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is to adopt 70cm micro-ridge Crop-grass intercropping tillage method, i.e. 70cm seedling district and 70cm leguminous forage district; Results Hou Miao district subsoiling, executes stalk, carries out stalk and turns over and bury.
3. conservation tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, this seedling district adopts and minimal tills sowing, and stubble retains on the ground, and stubble height is 15-20cm.
4. conservation tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, this seedling district rational close planted, spacing 20-25cm, plant 2 row, isosceles triangle is planted.
5. conservation tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the width of this seedling district subsoiling is 70cm, and the degree of depth is 20-40cm, carries out stalk and turns over and bury.
6. conservation tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described dichotomy refers to that First Year two region is followed successively by seedling district and leguminous forage district, and Second Year two region is followed successively by leguminous forage district and Miao Qu, later translation year by year.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN106717798A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of method of the low cadmium forage grass cultivation of high yield |
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Cited By (2)
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Effective date of registration: 20230731 Address after: No. 3, 4th Floor, Unit 3, Building 9, No. 60 Wenzheng Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040 Patentee after: Sun Xiping Address before: 163000 No. 3, 4th floor, building 9, No. 60, Wenzheng street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province (residential) Patentee before: Heilongjiang Chensheng Technology Co.,Ltd. |