CN102273368B - Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage - Google Patents
Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during the flowering stage. The method comprises the steps of: ditching a rice field as furrows in late October, and directly planting rape seeds without tillage; spraying phytocide once only during the (3-4)-leaf stage in growth of the rape, and further fertilizing the rape once during the (3-4)-leaf stage and the peduncle-growing period respectively; cutting off the rape during the flowering stage, and mechanically turning over the soil to restore the field after irrigating the soil; planting the stubbled rice in ridge furrows, controlling water irrigation during the growth period, retaining the shallow water layers during the seedling establishment stage, the disease and pest prevention and treatment stage and the head sprouting and flowering stage, keeping the ditch to have water while keeping the furrows to have no water on surface during a period except the periods above, wherein the fertilizing amount of the rice is reduced by 15%. The planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during the flowering stage combines rice production with biologic cultivation and fertilization, not only reduces the fertilizing amount of the rice but also increases the yield of the rice and improves the physical properties of the soil of the rice field, so theplanting method is characterized by saving labor and cost and achieving high yield and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of crops, especially relate to a kind of rape flower pod phase and the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield is done in the field.
Background technology
Measures such as at present, Rice Production exists that the paddy planting system is single, the fertilizer consumption reduces significantly, use problem such as chemical fertilizer in a large number, and original deep ploughing is loosened the soil, rice field-upland field rotation, intertillage are weeded the fields discarded; Cause plow layer to shoal; The content of organic matter descends, and it is bad that soil physico-chemical property becomes, and the secondary potential qualityization in rice field and the problem that hardens are on the rise; Paddy soil Sustainable Production ability is on the hazard, and rice yield fluctuates.
Green manuring can improve the paddy soil structure, increases soil fertility.The kind of green manure is a lot, and Chinese milk vetch is the traditional main green manure of China, its mechanism be with the rhizobium of leguminous plant symbiosis can be from air fixed nitrogen; But along with the continuous increase of fertilizer amount, the supply of paddy rice nitrogen no longer is the bottleneck of high yield in recent years; Therefore Chinese milk vetch reduces as the value that organic nitrogen pool exists; The reason of economic factor in addition, the area that the peasant planting Chinese milk vetch is made green manure is more and more littler, and vacant fields in a large amount of winter appear in the many areas of China.
Rape often is taken as economic crops, and rape also is a kind of good green manure crop in fact.Rape is made green manure and had the following advantages: 1) the rape nutrition of blooming when bearing pods is abundant, and C/N ratio is balanced, helps the absorption of back season crop; 2) the dry-matter accumulation amount of rape is big, can be back season paddy rice more nutrition is provided; 3) rape is a system of taproot crop, and rice field-upland field rotation helps improving soil structure; 4) rape contains abundant sulphur glucoside as the rape plant, can kill harmful bacterium, worm's ovum, weeds etc. effectively, helps overcoming rice field continuous cropping obstacle and cleaner production.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rape flower pod phase and the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield is done in the field; Go back the field through the live colored pod phase of rape no-tillage and make green manure; The paddy soil of fostering and apply fertilizer; Improve the output of paddy rice, change the present situation that the rapeseed cultivation recruitment is many, have high input simultaneously, reduce the production cost of rapeseed cultivation.
The concrete steps of the technical scheme that the present invention adopts are following:
1) rape no-tillage is live, and sowing time, trench digging was done furrow, the wide 2.5m～3.0m of furrow, furrow width 0.2～0.3m before broadcasting in mid or late October; Select the big rape variety of biomass for use, the mu seeding quantity is broadcasted sowing with vegetable seed and after carefully mud 1.5kg mixes thoroughly during sowing at 0.25～0.30kg;
2) spraying herbicide not before rape is broadcast, only 3～4 leaf phases with 50～70 milliliters every mu of 12.5% cover grass energies, add 50 kilograms of sprayings of water; Respectively impose 1 time fertilizer at 3～4 leaf phases and peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, fertilizing amount is every mu and executes urea 2kg, composite fertilizer 10kg;
3) spend the pod phase that rape is cut down, the back machinery of pouring water is turned over and is gone back the field;
4) paddy rice is adopted ridge bedding cultivation method, before the paddy rice kind with rice field ridging bedding, the wide 1.8～2.5m of furrow, furrow width 0.2～0.3m, paddy rice is planted on the furrow face, can transplant, live or rice transplanting;
5) take to control the water irrigation method during the paddy growth, keep shoaling layer, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and heading flowering period to keep shoaling layer, except that above-mentioned period, only in the ditch water is arranged and the furrow face is anhydrous, fewly irritate or do not pour water at period of seedling establishment; The fertilization of rice amount reduces 15%.
Described rape variety is cabbage type rape hybrid kind Zhejiang two 72 or Zhejiang oil 18.
The described colored pod phase is spent back 10～15 days in the rape beginning.
Described composite fertilizer is a NPK, and the percentage by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15%: 15%: 15%.
Described paddy rice be two season early rice or one season rice.
Know-why of the present invention is:
1, paddy rice, rape crop rotation, rape no-tillage is planted on the furrow, and the colored pod phase cuts and turns over and the green manure culture fertility is done in the field.This technology makes full use of soil, light, the warm resource in rice field, carries out rice field-upland field rotation, reaches the purpose that land used is increased soil fertility, and crops for rotation linking in front and back is simple smooth, integrates saving of labor, abridged edition, highly efficient and productive;
2, rape no-tillage is live, the cost of turning in the time of can reducing the plantation rape, and the while is no-tillage to help keeping soil aggregate, reduces the water and soil loss in rice field; Rape is live immediately after paddy rice is received, and rice canopy capable of using need not used chemical herbicide to the inhibitory action of weeds before the rape seed;
3, select the big hybridization type rape variety of biomass for use, can reduce the sowing quantity of rape, reach the purpose that reduces with kind of cost; Rational close planted is given full play to its community superiority, can under the situation of chemical fertilizer is used in minimizing, obtain bigger rape mu amount of growth and field amount also;
4, rape flower pod phase field also, this moment the rape stem soft and succulency, the stem stalk is cut off easily, can not cause resistance to turning over of rice field, and the stem stalk is perishable, nutritious being prone to absorbed by paddy rice;
5, owing to rape is arranged as green manure, but paddy rice fertilizer decrement use, not only reduce the Rice Production cost, increase the benefit, also help simultaneously and reduce rice field nitrogen loss pollution on the environment.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1, wide adaptability of the present invention, be suitable for southern double rice cropping system and one season the rice district;
2, rice yield increases, and rate of fertilizer reduces.With winter fallow field compare, rape do green manure also behind the field the fertile consumption of the N of paddy rice can reduce about 15%, and rice yield can increase by 5～10%;
3, reduce the recruitment cost and the fertilizer cost of rapeseed cultivation.Rape adopts no-tillage and direct-seeding, lacks than the transplanting of turning over and spends 2 worker/mus, and mu is saved 100 yuan of costs.Select the cross-bred rape kind of biomass for use, suitably strengthen thickness of sowing, can under the situation of Shaoshi fertilizer, obtain bigger also field amount, adopt this method, the mu dry matter of rape also field is measured all more than 600 kilograms;
4, the physicochemical character in rice field be improved significantly.Utilize the rape flower pod phase also to do the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield in the field for a long time, can increase full nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis N and the content of tatal phosphorus of paddy soil, the unit weight of decline soil and proportion, the porosity of increase soil.
Embodiment
Combine specific embodiment that technical scheme of the present invention is described further at present.
Embodiment 1:
Carry out the rape flower pod phase at Jiangshan of Zhejiang Province he Cai Xing spring family, Huayuancun, villages and small towns year summer autumn to 2006 in 2005 and also do the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield, 1.23 mu of field piece areas in the field.
Concrete steps are following: on October 25th, 2005, the rice field trench digging was done furrow, the wide 2.5m of furrow, furrow width 0.2m, non-tillage field; October 26, rape spread lively, and selecting kind for use is Wild cabbage type Hybrid Zhejiang oil 18, and a mu sowing quantity is 0.25kg, broadcasted sowing after during sowing vegetable seed being mixed thoroughly with thin mud 1.5kg; Spraying herbicide not before rape is broadcast, only 3 leaf phases with 70 milliliters every mu of 12.5% cover grass energies, add 50 kilograms of sprayings of water; Respectively impose 1 time fertilizer at 3 leaf phases and peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, a mu fertilizing amount is urea 2kg, NPK 10kg; The rape flower pod phase on April 8th, 2006 is cut down it, and tractor is ploughed also field.The rice field is in ridging bedding on April 15, the wide 1.8m of furrow, furrow width 0.2m.Paddy rice is two season early rice, and used kind be in the conventional long-grained nonglutinous rice early early 22, and seedling raising method is non-irrigated seedling, sowing on March 16, transplanting on April 23; Planting density 19.5cm * 13.5cm, every cave 4 young plants; The mu fertilizing amount of paddy rice is pure N 7.0kg, P
2O
53.0kg, K
2O 6.0kg; Adopt control water irrigation method, keep shoaling layer at period of seedling establishment, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and heading flowering period, only have water in the ditch other period and the furrow face is anhydrous; A situation arises according to prediction and field in the control of rice pest, sprays medicine altogether 3 times.
On July 18th, 2006, China Paddy Rice Inst organized the experts of unit such as the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Province Department of Agriculture, academy of agricultural sciences, Zhejiang Province, Quzhou City's crops centre for spreading, Jiangshan City science and technology office and China Paddy Rice Inst, the scene is carried out in this piece field survey product.Survey product method adopts on-the-spot real cutting, and promptly the hand harvest is all carried out in the monoblock rice field, calculates the real output of cutting of paddy after removal impurity, the mensuration paddy water content.Gather in the crops paddy fresh weight 1120.1kg altogether, bright paddy water content 26.9% is removed impurity 9.9%, amounts to paddy dry weight 859.2kg by 13.5% water content, and the real per mu yield 698.5kg that receives in land for growing field crops has obtained the high yield of two season early rice.
Embodiment 2:
Carried out the location test of different paddy field cultivation methods on China Paddy Rice Inst's (Fuyang, Zhejiang) farm in 2004-2008; If 3 processing: the rape flower pod phase is also done the kind method for planting (T2) that green manure connects batch paddy rice in the field and kind method for planting (T1), the Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage of green manure raising rice yield are done in the field; The method (T3) of the idle rice cultivation of rice field winter-spring season, 2 mu of each processing areas.
The rape flower pod phase also makees green manure to improve the concrete operations of kind method for planting (T1) of rice yield following in the field: 1) on annual October 20th, 2004 1, rape spread live; Selecting kind for use is Wild cabbage type Hybrid Zhejiang two 72; The mu sowing quantity is 0.3kg, broadcasts sowing with vegetable seed and after carefully mud 1.5kg mixes thoroughly during sowing; 2) spraying herbicide not before rape is broadcast, only 3 leaf phases with every mu of 50ml of 12.5% cover grass energy, add water 50kg spraying; Respectively impose 1 time fertilizer at 3 leaf phases and peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, a mu fertilizing amount is urea 2kg, NPK 10kg; 3) in the rape flower pod phase it is cut down 2005 to 2008 annual April 6, tractor is ploughed also field.4) rice field on the 2nd ridging bedding in June, the wide 2.5m of furrow, furrow width 0.3m, June 10 the live single cropping rice, select kind for use is in the hybrid rice 2 excellent No. 6; The mu fertilizing amount of paddy rice is pure N 10.0kg, P
2O
54.0kg, K
2O 10.0kg.
Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage also field is made green manure to connect the concrete operations of kind method for planting (T2) of batch paddy rice following: 1) on annual October 20th, 2004 1, Chinese milk vetch was spread lively, and sowing quantity is a 1.8kg/ mu, broadcasted sowing after during sowing seed being mixed thoroughly with thin mud 1.5kg; 2) 1 time fertilizer is emerged afterwards, respectively imposed after the beginning of spring to Chinese milk vetch, and a mu fertilizing amount is urea 2kg, NPK 10kg; 3) 2005 to 2008 annual Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stages on April 12 cut down it, and tractor is ploughed also field.4) rice field on the 2nd ridging bedding in June, furrow are wide 2.5 meters, 0.3 meter of furrow width, June 10 the live single cropping rice, the kind of selecting for use is in the hybrid rice 2 excellent No. 6; The paddy rice management method is also done the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield in the field with the rape flower pod phase.
The concrete operations of the method (T3) of the idle rice cultivation of rice field winter-spring season are following: it is idle that 2004 in October, 2007, paddy rice was received the rice field, back, do not do any operation; 2) June 1 turns over tractor in the rice field, rice field ridging bedding in June 2, furrow are wide 2.5 meters, 0.3 meter of furrow width, June 10 the live single cropping rice, select kind for use is in the hybrid rice 2 excellent No. 6; 3) for to make the fertilizer amount that the rice field is obtained in a year identical, base manure amount ratio T1, T2 two methods of the method (T3) of the idle rice cultivation of rice field winter-spring season increase urea 4.0kg, NPK 20.0kg for every mu, to remedy the fertilizing amount of plantation rape and Chinese milk vetch; Remove this part, the kind method for planting of paddy rice all with the rape flower pod phase and to do the kind method for planting of green manure raising rice yield identical in the field.
2008 before paddy rice plantation soil sampling analysator method for planting to the influence of paddy soil physicochemical property, the variation that rice maturity sample analysis rice yield constitutes.Mensuration project and sampling method that paddy soil, rice yield constitute are following: 1) on May 20th, 2008; Rape, Chinese milk vetch are cut the back, unit weight, proportion and the porosity of respectively handling 0-20cm soil layer mensuration soil got before turning in the rice field; On June 5th, 2008; After turning in the rice field, get the 0-20cm soil layer before the rice growing and measure soil organic matter content, full nitrogen and content of tatal phosphorus.2) get 20 clumps of paddy rice in the every processing of rice maturity on October 10 in 2008 and investigate every clump of real grain number, thousand kernel weight, paddy dry weight, calculate number of grain per ear and rice yield.
Result of the test shows:
1) the rape flower pod phase is also done the rice yield the highest (table 1) that green manure improves the kind method for planting (T1) of rice yield in the field; The rice yield of this method is also done the method (T3) that green manure connects the idle rice cultivation of kind method for planting (T2) and rice field winter-spring season of batch paddy rice and is improved 0.75% and 10.89% respectively in the field than Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage; See from the output formation; The rape flower pod phase also does the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield and mainly increases production through increasing number of productive ear in the field; Its effective fringe is handled increase by 8.89% and 7.46% than T2, T3 respectively, and difference reaches significance level.
Different rice yield and the formations of planting method for planting of table 1
Be marked with value significant difference on 0.05 level of different letters in the same row of form.
2) the mensuration result of the soil physico-chemical property before the paddy rice plantation in 2008 shows (table 2); Also the paddy soil organic matter of the kind method for planting of green manure raising rice yield was done in the field, nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus increase by 8.0%, 4.6%, 5.6% and 14.0% than the method for the idle rice cultivation of rice field winter-spring season respectively full the rape flower pod phase; The bulk density of soil descends 5.74%; Proportion descends 2.03%; Soil porosity increases by 2.33%, is described and the kind method for planting of green manure raising rice yield is done in the field rape flower pod phase and has the effect that improves paddy soil fertility and structure.
The rape flower pod phase also does kind method for planting (T1) that green manure improves rice yield and Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage and also does the kind method for planting (T2) that green manure connects batch paddy rice and compare in the field in the field; Because Chinese milk vetch has nitrogen fixation; The total soil nitrogen of T1 and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content are low by 1.9% and 4.1%, but the soil organic matter, content of tatal phosphorus and the bulk density of soil, proportion, porosity index all are superior to the T2 processing.On output, T1 and T2 significant difference.But see from production cost; The rape flower pod phase also does kind method for planting (T1) that green manure improves rice yield and Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage and also makees green manure to connect the required manual work of kind method for planting (T2) of batch paddy rice identical with the fertilizer and pesticide cost in the field in the field; But seed expense with rape far below Chinese milk vetch; Chinese milk vetch with kind of cost=1.8kg/ mu (sowing quantity) * 45 yuan/kg (seed unit price)=81 yuan/mu, and rape do green manure with kind of cost=0.3kg/ mu (sowing quantity) * 90 yuan/kg (seed unit price)=27 yuan/mu.Therefore, the rape flower pod phase also does kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield and on the effect that promotes increasing production of rice, also makees green manure to connect the kind method for planting of batch paddy rice identical in the field with the Chinese milk vetch full-bloom stage in the field, but abridged edition more.
The different method for planting of planting of table 2 are to paddy soil fertility and effect on structure
Be marked with value significant difference on 0.05 level of different letters in the same row of form.
Claims (5)
1. a rape flower pod phase is also done the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield in the field, it is characterized in that the step of this method is following:
1) rape no-tillage is live, and sowing time, trench digging was done furrow, the wide 2.5m～3.0m of furrow, furrow width 0.2～0.3m before broadcasting in mid or late October; Select the big rape variety of biomass for use, the mu seeding quantity is broadcasted sowing with vegetable seed and after carefully mud 1.5kg mixes thoroughly during sowing at 0.25～0.30kg;
2) spraying herbicide not before rape is broadcast, only 3～4 leaf phases with 50～70 milliliters every mu of 12.5% cover grass energies, add 50 kilograms of sprayings of water; Respectively impose 1 time fertilizer at 3～4 leaf phases and peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, fertilizing amount is every mu and executes urea 2kg, composite fertilizer 10kg;
3) spend the pod phase that rape is cut down, the back machinery of pouring water is turned over and is gone back the field;
4) paddy rice is adopted ridge bedding cultivation method, before the paddy rice kind with rice field ridging bedding, the wide 1.8～2.5m of furrow, furrow width 0.2～0.3m, paddy rice is planted on the furrow face, can transplant, live or rice transplanting;
5) take to control the water irrigation method during the paddy growth, keep shoaling layer, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and heading flowering period to keep shoaling layer, except that above-mentioned period, only in the ditch water is arranged and the furrow face is anhydrous, fewly irritate or do not pour water at period of seedling establishment; The fertilization of rice amount reduces 15%.
2. a kind of rape flower pod phase according to claim 1 is also done the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield in the field, it is characterized in that: described rape variety is cabbage type rape hybrid kind Zhejiang two 72 or Zhejiang oil 18.
3. a kind of rape flower pod phase according to claim 1 is also done the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield in the field, it is characterized in that: the described colored pod phase is spent back 10～15 days in the rape beginning.
4. a kind of rape flower pod phase according to claim 1 is also done the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield in the field, and it is characterized in that: described composite fertilizer is a NPK, and the percentage by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 15%: 15%: 15%.
5. a kind of rape flower pod phase according to claim 1 is also done the kind method for planting that green manure improves rice yield in the field, it is characterized in that: described paddy rice be two season early rice or one season rice.
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| CN103651027A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-26 | 丹阳市清云农业发展有限公司 | Rice dry-cultivating high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology |
| CN108551994A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-21 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of method that cotton field interplanting rape makees green manure |
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| CN105009765B (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Fertile No. 1 application as green manure of cabbage type rape oil |
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| CN103651027A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-26 | 丹阳市清云农业发展有限公司 | Rice dry-cultivating high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology |
| CN108551994A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-21 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of method that cotton field interplanting rape makees green manure |
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