CN111418461A - Planting method for annual two-species four-harvest of red soil rice field - Google Patents
Planting method for annual two-species four-harvest of red soil rice field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for annual two-species four-harvest of red soil rice field, which comprises the following steps: (1) sowing the rapes in the 10 th-month later, wherein basic fertilizer is applied in combination with sowing, topdressing is applied for the first time in the 12 th-month later or the 1 st-month later, rape bolts are picked in the 1 st-month later, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the second time immediately after the bolts are picked; mechanically harvesting rapeseeds in the middle ten days of the 5 month period; (2) throwing and planting middle rice in the field in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein, combining with the field mechanical soil preparation, base fertilizer is applied, the first top dressing is applied in the whole field in the tillering period, the second top dressing is continuously applied in the heading period, and finally the third top dressing is applied 5-7 days before harvesting; mechanically harvesting the medium rice in late 8 months; the ratooning rice was mechanically harvested again in the late 10 months. In the invention, a annual rice oil rotation mode is utilized, and the rice is planted twice and harvested four times; realizes paddy-upland rotation, and increases the variety, quantity and quality of agricultural products, thereby improving the guarantee of grain and oil self-sufficiency, enriching and optimizing the supply of agricultural products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a planting method for two crops and four crops all year round of a red soil rice field.
Background
The red soil rice field has large area, is a main rice production base and a multi-cropping production carrier, the three-cropping crop rotation of the oil rice and the rice is a once main planting mode, can realize three-cropping and three-harvesting in the year, and has a multiple cropping index of 3.0, under a new age, due to the change of planting technology, grain and oil prices, rural labor, agricultural mechanization and other comprehensive factors, the two-cropping crop rotation of the oil rice, continuous cropping of the rice and the rice is a current main planting mode, two-harvesting in the year, and the multiple cropping index of 2.0, even the area of a single-cropping mode of one-harvesting in-one in the year for producing only one-season rice in the year is increasingly large, and the multiple cropping index is only 1.0. In autumn and winter, or in winter, the waste of light, temperature, water, heat and soil resources is great.
Obviously, three harvests in the year are the once main planting mode of the red soil rice field, the multiple cropping index of the red soil rice field is 3.0, light, temperature, water, heat and soil resources are fully utilized, the crop high yield and soil fertility are guaranteed, but the three harvests in the year of high-strength heavy labor are not suitable for the current agricultural production in the new era, strong labor in rural areas is lacked for working, the whole-course mechanical intellectualization of the year agriculture is not realized and covered, and the modern agricultural production is urgently needed and is stepped into a light simplified production mode. The novel green and efficient multi-cropping system production technical mode is provided by combining with the actual red soil rice field in a new normal state, so that the high yield, stable yield and high efficiency of crops are ensured, the soil fertility of the red soil rice field is sustainable, and agricultural production resources, namely light, warm water and hot soil resources, are not wasted, thereby having great practical significance.
Taking Jiangxi province as an example, 4633.7 ten thousand acres of existing cultivated land, wherein 840.8 thousand acres of dry land and 3765.8 thousand acres of paddy field are main commercial grain rice production areas, important oil crop main production areas and oil crop key development areas all the time in China; therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a two-crop-four-crop-year planting method for red soil rice fields, which can fully utilize abundant light, temperature, water, heat and soil resources of the red soil rice fields and improve the cropping index of the red soil rice fields.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a rotation mode technology of 'two-crop-four-harvest' of red soil rice field in anniversary, which can improve the variety, quantity and quality of agricultural products in unit red soil rice field and improve the utilization rate of resources such as light, warm water, hot soil and the like in the red soil rice field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a planting method for annual two-species four-harvest of red soil rice fields is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing the rapes in the 10 th-month later, wherein basic fertilizer is applied in combination with sowing, topdressing is applied for the first time in the 12 th-month later or the 1 st-month later, rape bolts are picked in the 1 st-month later, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the second time immediately after the bolts are picked; mechanically harvesting rapeseeds in the middle ten days of the 5 month period, wherein the rape straws are crushed and directly returned to the field;
(2) throwing and planting middle rice in the field in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein, combining with the field mechanical soil preparation, base fertilizer is applied, the first top dressing is applied in the whole field in the tillering period, the second top dressing is continuously applied in the heading period, and finally the third top dressing is applied 5-7 days before harvesting; mechanically harvesting medium-sized rice in late 8-month ten days, wherein the rice straws are crushed and directly returned to the field; mechanically harvesting the regenerated rice again in late 10 months, wherein the rice straw is crushed and returned to the field directly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the invention, a annual rice oil rotation mode is utilized, and the rice is planted twice and harvested four times; realizes paddy-upland rotation, and increases the variety, quantity and quality of agricultural products, thereby improving the guarantee of grain and oil self-sufficiency, enriching and optimizing the supply of agricultural products.
Preferably, in the step (1), the sown rape is no-tillage direct-sowing rape mechanical ditching after regeneration of rice stubble or direct-sowing rape mechanical ditching integrated with stubble cleaning, rotary tillage, sowing, soil covering, pressing, spraying and ditching.
The adoption of a mechanized mode for sowing is more convenient, and the sowing time is reduced.
Preferably, the rape is any one of sunlight 131, medium oil 607 and rich oil 730, the winter sowing full growth period of the rape is less than 200 days, and the yield is more than or equal to 100 kg/mu.
Preferably, rape is sowed, N13-14kg and P per mu2O54-5kg、K2O5-6kg and borax 1.0kg, and the medicine is applied by 3 times; sowing rice with N14-15kg, P per mu2O56-7kg、K2O12-13kg, applied in 4 portions.
Compared with the fertilization of three rice crops in a rotation mode of three rice crops with a multiple cropping index of 3.0, the cumulative fertilization amount of the three crops is reduced, N is reduced by 1-6 kg/mu, and P is reduced2O5Reduced by 0-5 kg/mu, K2O is also saved by 3-8 kg/mu, the application times are reduced by 5 times, the absolute value of labor and fertilizer consumption is obviously saved, the agricultural production cost saving effect is obvious, and the multiple cropping index is improved to 4.0.
Preferably, in the step (1), the dosage and the method of the base fertilizer are as follows: adopts the combination of mechanical soil preparation, seeding, spreading fertilizer or strip fertilizer of 7-8 kg/mu of N and 3-4 kg/mu of K2O, 4-5 kg/mu P2O5And 1 kg/mu of borax; the dosage of the first top dressing is as follows: 4 kg/mu N and 2 kg/mu K2O; the dosage of the second topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is as follows: 2 kg/mu N.
Preferably, in the step (2), the dosage of the base fertilizer is as follows: 5-6 kg/mu of N and 6-7 kg/mu of P2O5And K of 8-9 kg/mu2O; the dosage of the first top dressing is as follows: 2.5 kg/acre of N; the dosage of the second additional fertilizer is as follows: 3.5 kg/mu N and 4 kg/mu K2O; the dosage of the third additional fertilizer is as follows: 3 kg/mu of N.
Preferably, the fertilizer for providing the N is urea and/or a ternary compound fertilizer; providing said K2The fertilizer of O is ternary compound fertilizer and/or potassium chloride; providing said P2O5The fertilizer is ternary compound fertilizer and/or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Preferably, 53.4-67kg of ternary compound fertilizer (containing 15 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide respectively), 39.2-43.6kg of urea (containing 46 percent of pure nitrogen), 0-33.4kg of calcium magnesium phosphorus (containing 12 percent of phosphorus pentoxide), 13.4-16.7kg of potassium chloride (containing 60 percent of potassium oxide) and borax (containing Na) for applying boron fertilizer are prepared for each mu of field2B4·10H2O)≥95.0％1kg。
Preferably, in the step (1), a base fertilizer is applied as a seed fertilizer, and a compound fertilizer (N, P) is used2O5、K215 percent of O respectively, 20-27kg of urea (46 percent of pure nitrogen), 6.5-10.9kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5Content of 12%) 0-16.7kg, and borax (Na)2B4·10H2O) is more than or equal to 95.0 percent and 1kg, and is fully and uniformly mixed with the direct-seeding rape seeds and then mechanically sowed in a row or broadcast in a field; the first dressing is carried out by 8.7kg of urea (pure nitrogen content 46%) and potassium chloride (K)2O content 60%) 3.3 kg; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the second time, and 4.4kg of urea (pure nitrogen content 46%) is applied.
Preferably, in the step (2), the base fertilizer is applied for the first time to apply the compound fertilizer (N, P)2O5、K233.4-40kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P) containing 15% of O respectively2O512 percent of potassium chloride (K) and 0 to 16.7kg of potassium chloride (K)2O content 60%) 3.4-6.7 kg; applying additional fertilizer for the second time, and applying 5.5kg of urea (containing 46 percent of pure nitrogen) in an additional mode; the third topdressing is carried out on 7.6kg of urea (with pure nitrogen content of 46%) and potassium chloride (K) in a mixed mode in the middle rice stubble heading period2O content 60%) 6.7 kg; the fourth application is to additionally apply 6.5kg of urea (pure nitrogen content is 46%) as a regenerated fertilizer 5-7 days before harvest of the middle rice stubble.
Preferably, the medium rice adopts any one of Fengliangyou No. 1, quaisangyou 608 and Shengliangyou 5814, and the medium rice has a whole growth period of 128-132 days and a yield of more than or equal to 550 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step (2), the middle rice is sown and raised in the seedling bed in the middle of 4 months, and then the middle rice is thrown and planted in the field in the middle of 5 months.
Compared with the fertilizer applied in agricultural production in the mode of 'three-harvest' oil rice rotation in the year, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rate of the chemical fertilizer applied in the innovative red soil rice field 'two-harvest four-harvest' oil (vegetable and oil two-harvest) rice (medium rice and ratoon rice two-harvest) rotation mode high yield technology in the year is obviously improved, the N fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 2-7 percent, and P fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 2-7 percent2O5The utilization rate is improved by 1 to 3 percentage points, K2The O utilization rate is improved by 1 to 4 percent, and the effects of losing weight and saving cost are achieved; the fertilization mode is simplified, the fertilization times are reduced for 5 times all the year, the labor employment is reduced, and the labor intensity of agricultural production is obviously reduced.
Compared with the rice continuous cropping mode of ' two harvests ' in one of the current major modes of the red soil rice field in one year, the innovative rice crop rotation mode high yield technology of ' two harvests ' in four harvests ' in one year realizes paddy-upland rice crop rotation, greatly improves the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by applying chemical fertilizers, improves the utilization rate of N fertilizers by 4-9 percent, and improves P fertilizer by 4-9 percent2O5The utilization rate is improved by 2-5 percentage points, K2The O utilization rate is improved by 7-10 percent, and the effects of losing weight and saving cost are achieved; the fertilization mode is simplified, the fertilization times are reduced by 1 time in the four-harvest mode in the whole year compared with the two-harvest mode, the labor employment is reduced, and the labor intensity of agricultural production is obviously reduced.
Through the technical scheme, the invention discloses a planting method of two kinds of four harvests in a red soil rice field in one year, and compared with the 'two kinds of four harvests' oil (vegetable and oil two harvests) rice (medium rice and regenerated rice two harvests) crop rotation mode technology in the red soil rice field in one year, on one hand, compared with the current main rice field mode, namely 'one kind of one harvest' rice single cropping mode in one year and 'two kinds of two harvests' double cropping rice continuous cropping mode in one year, the invention is suitable for increasing the production of one-season rape (vegetable and oil two harvests) without competing with rice planting for farmland and stabilizing grain production in a new normal state, and the multiple cropping index of the red soil rice field is increased from 1.0 or 2.0 to 4.0, so that the variety, the quantity and the quality of agricultural products in unit red soil are directly and effectively increased, and the utilization rate of light and heat agricultural products such as warm water and the like of the red soil rice field is increased. On the other hand, compared with the current rice field main body planting mode, namely a year two-harvest rice crop rotation mode and a once rice field main body mode, namely a year three-harvest rice crop rotation mode, the method visually increases the income of vegetables (rape bolts) in one season, increases the reseeding index of the red soil rice field from 2.0 or 3.0 to 4.0, and improves the productivity of the red soil rice field. In the third aspect, compared with the once 'three-harvest' oil rice rotation mode, the patent technology integrates the annual nutrient requirement of the annual 'two-harvest four-harvest' oil rice rotation mode in the new normal state, the fertilizing amount is accurate, the fertilizing frequency is simplified, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, meanwhile, the light and simplified technical measures are adopted, the labor intensity is reduced, the crop production cost is saved, and the light and simplified trend requirement of modern agricultural production is met. In addition, compared with a single cropping mode of rice with one harvest and a continuous cropping mode of double cropping rice with two harvests in the year, the annual continuous cropping mode is changed into annual rotation, and the continuous cropping obstacles of crops are broken.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Crop variety of red-soil rice field annual 'two-kind four-harvest' oil (two-harvest of vegetable and oil) rice (two-harvest of middle rice and regenerated rice) crop rotation mode high-yield technology
The annual two-seed four-harvest planting mode of the red soil rice field is a rape (two-harvest and two-harvest of vegetables and oil) -rice (two-harvest of medium rice and regenerated rice) annual two-seed four-harvest oil rice crop rotation high-yield technology; the rape is a double-low rape variety with the winter sowing full growth period of less than 200 days and the yield of more than or equal to 100 kg/mu, and the rice is a high-quality medium rice variety with the full growth period of 128-132 days and the yield of more than or equal to 550 kg/mu; the rape can be selected from vegetable and oil dual-purpose low-grade rape varieties such as sunshine 131, medium oil 607, rich oil 730, etc., and the rice can be selected from Fengliangyou Xiang No. 1, quanlianyou 608 and Shenlianyou 5814; wherein, the crop variety selection and multiple cropping indexes of different model technologies are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 selection and multiple cropping index of crop varieties for different model technologies
From the above table, the multiple cropping index per unit cultivated area is improved from 1.0 or 2.0 to 4.0 as compared with the current main body red soil paddy field planting mode technology, and is also improved from 3.0 to 4.0 as compared with the once main body red soil paddy field oil rice three-cropping system planting mode technology, thereby improving the productivity of the red soil paddy field.
Example 2
Rice (two-harvest and four-harvest) rice (two-harvest and four-harvest) crop rotation mode high yield technology crop linking in red soil rice field annual year
The technical mode of rape (vegetable and oil two harvest) -rice (middle rice and regenerated rice two harvest) annual two-four harvest' oil rice crop rotation high yield can realize annual cycle, the rape of the current year is directly sown in a zero tillage (mechanical ditching) mode after the regenerated rice stubble of the previous year or the rape of the current year is directly sown in a mechanized mode (stubble cleaning, rotary tillage, sowing, earthing, pressing, spraying and ditching integrated mode), the rape can be harvested in batches during the first ten days of 1 month, the rape is harvested in the first ten days of 5 months, and then the mechanical tillage wheel crop rotation is carried out to crop the crop of the middle rice in the middle ten days of 5 months.
Taking the southern Chang area of Jiangxi province as an example, the annual 'two-harvest and four-harvest' oil (vegetable and oil two-harvest) rice (middle-harvest and ratoon rice two-harvest) mode of crop stubble-cropping time nodes are as follows: after the harvest of the ratooning rice in the previous year, the rape is sown (directly sown) at 25-31 days in 10 months, the rape moss is picked in batches at 25-31 days in 1 month, the rape seeds are mechanically harvested and the crushed straws are returned to the field at 5-10 days in 5 months, the middle rice is sown and raised in a seedling bed at 10-15 days in 4 months, the rice is thrown and planted in a field at 10-15 days in 5 months, the mechanical harvesting of the rice is performed at 25-31 days in 8 months, the crushed straws are directly returned to the field, the ratooning rice is mechanically harvested and the crushed straws are returned to the field at 25-31 days in 10 months, and the rotation production of two-kind-four-harvest oil (two-harvest of the ratooning rice and the two-harvest of the ratooning rice) in. See in particular table 2 below.
TABLE 2 sowing and harvesting time points and stubble-connecting mode of crops by different mode technologies
Example 3
Red soil rice field annual two-seed four-harvest oil (two-harvest vegetable and oil) rice (two-harvest medium rice and regenerated rice) crop rotation mode high yield technology
The technology of the invention respectively and accurately realizes the high yield and fertilizer application amount of crops in a 'two-kind four-harvest' oil (vegetable and oil two-harvest) rice (medium rice and ratoon rice two-harvest) rotation mode of a red soil rice field in the year round as follows: rape, N13-14kg, P per mu2O54-5kg、K2O5-6kg and borax 1.0kg, and the application is divided into 3 times; rice, N14-15kg, P per mu2O56-7kg、K2O12-13kg, applied in 4 portions. See in particular table 3 below.
TABLE 3 fertilizing amount and fertilizing frequency for different fertilizing methods
The results of the above tables show that the cumulative fertilization amount of the three crops is reduced by 1-6 kg/mu, and the N is reduced by P compared with the fertilization of the once mode of 'three harvest' oil rice rotation mode with the harvest index of 3.02O5Reduced by 0-5 kg/mu, K2O is also saved by 3-8 kg/mu, the application times are reduced by 5 times, the absolute value of labor and fertilizer consumption is obviously saved, and the effect of saving the agricultural production cost is obvious.
Example 4
Red-soil rice field annual 'two-seed four-harvest' oil (two-harvest vegetable and oil) rice (two-harvest medium rice and ratoon rice) crop rotation mode high yield technology chemical fertilizer utilization rate
TABLE 4 Fertilizer utilization and fertilization patterns for different fertilization methods
Compared with the fertilizer applied in agricultural production in the mode of 'three-harvest' oil rice rotation in the year, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rate of the chemical fertilizer applied in the innovative red soil rice field 'two-harvest four-harvest' oil (vegetable and oil two-harvest) rice (medium rice and ratoon rice two-harvest) rotation mode high yield technology in the year is obviously improved, the N fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 2-7 percent, and P fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 2-7 percent2O5The utilization rate is improved by 1 to 3 percentage points, K2The O utilization rate is improved by 1 to 4 percent, and the effects of losing weight and saving cost are achieved; the fertilization mode is simplified, the fertilization times are reduced for 5 times all the year, the labor employment is reduced, and the labor intensity of agricultural production is obviously reduced.
Compared with the rice continuous cropping mode of ' two harvests ' in one of the current major modes of the red soil rice field in one year, the innovative rice crop rotation mode high yield technology of ' two harvests ' in four harvests ' in one year realizes paddy-upland rice crop rotation, greatly improves the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by applying chemical fertilizers, improves the utilization rate of N fertilizers by 4-9 percent, and improves P fertilizer by 4-9 percent2O5The utilization rate is improved by 2-5 percentage points, K2The O utilization rate is improved by 7-10 percent, and the effects of losing weight and saving cost are achieved; the fertilization mode is simplified, the fertilization times are reduced by 1 time in the four-harvest mode in the whole year compared with the two-harvest mode, the labor employment is reduced, and the labor intensity of agricultural production is obviously reduced.
Example 5
A planting method for annual two-species four-harvest red soil rice field comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing rape in 25-31 days 10 months, wherein the first fertilization is carried out during sowing, (sowing and spreading fertilization or strip fertilization combined with mechanical soil preparation is adopted for 7-8 kg/mu of N, and K is 3-4 kg/mu2O, 4-5 kg/mu P2O5And 1 kg/acre of borax); topdressing is applied in late 12 months or 1 month of the next year (4 kg/mu N and 2 kg/mu K)2O); topdressing nitrogen fertilizer (2 kg/mu N) after picking rape bolts in the next year for 1 month and 25-31 days; mechanically harvesting rapeseeds in 5 months and 10-15 days, and crushing rape straws to return to the field directly;
the first application of base fertilizer as seed fertilizer uses compound fertilizer (N, P)2O5、K215 percent of O respectively, 20-27kg of urea (46 percent of pure nitrogen), 6.5-10.9kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5Content of 12%) 0-16.7kg, and borax (Na)2B4·10H2O) is more than or equal to 95.0 percent and 1kg, and is fully and uniformly mixed with the direct-seeding rape seeds and then mechanically sowed in a row or broadcast in a field; applying additional fertilizer for the second time, 8.7kg of urea (pure nitrogen content 46%) and potassium chloride (K)2O content 60%) 3.3 kg; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the third time, and 4.4kg of urea (pure nitrogen content 46%) is applied.
(2) Sowing middle rice seedling trays in a seedling bed of 10-15 days in 4 months for seedling raising, and performing throw-planting in a large field of 10-15 days in 5 months after harvesting the previous-stubble rapes; land preparation and application of base fertilizer (5-6 kg/mu N, 6-7 kg/mu P) in combination with field machinery2O5And K of 8-9 kg/mu2O), the first top dressing (2.5 kg/mu N) is broadcast and applied in the whole field in the tillering stage, the second top dressing (3.5 kg/mu N and 4 kg/mu K) is continuously broadcast and applied in the heading stage2O), spreading a third topdressing (3 kg/mu N) 5-7 days before harvesting; mechanically harvesting the medium rice in 25-31 days in 8 months, and simultaneously crushing the rice straw to return the field directly; mechanically harvesting the regenerated rice again in 25-31 days in 10 months, and simultaneously returning the crushed rice to the field directly.
Applying base fertilizer and applying compound fertilizer (N, P)2O5、K233.4-40kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P) containing 15% of O respectively2O512 percent of potassium chloride (K) and 0 to 16.7kg of potassium chloride (K)2O content 60%) 3.4-6.7 kg; the first time of top dressing, 5.5k of urea (containing 46% of pure nitrogen) is appliedg; the second time of topdressing is carried out on 7.6kg of urea (the pure nitrogen content is 46 percent) and potassium chloride (K) in a mixed mode in the middle rice stubble heading period2O content 60%) 6.7 kg; the third application is to additionally apply 6.5kg of urea (pure nitrogen content is 46%) as a regenerated fertilizer 5-7 days before harvest of the middle rice stubble.
The planting method has the following effects:
1. compared with the ever-used 'three-harvest' rotation mode of the oil rice, although the yield of the rice crop is reduced by 100 kg/mu, and the rapeseed yield is kept equal, the rape moss can be increased by 200 kg/mu, the variety of the agricultural products is increased, the supply of the agricultural products is enriched and optimized, the quality of the rice is improved, and the market price has obvious advantages, so that the yield can be increased by about 880 yuan/mu in the mode yield value; compared with the current 3 major modes, the yield of the rice is reduced by 200 kg/mu according to the continuous cropping mode of the two-harvest rice, but 100 kg/mu of rapeseeds and 200 kg/mu of rape mosses are increased, the quality of the rice is improved, the variety, the quality and the abundance of agricultural products are increased, the agricultural product supply is optimized, the yield value is increased by 1200 yuan/mu, the yield of the rapeseeds is reduced by 80 kg/mu according to the rotation mode of the two-harvest rice, but 200 kg/mu of rape mosses are increased, the yield of the rice is increased by 200 kg/mu, the variety, the number and the abundance of the agricultural products are increased, the agricultural product supply is optimized, the yield value is increased by about 1096 yuan/mu, the yield of the rice is increased by 200 kg/mu, 100 kg/mu of rapeseeds and 200 kg/mu of rape mosses are increased according to the single cropping mode of the one-harvest rice, not only increasing the variety and the quantity of agricultural products and enriching and optimizing the supply of the agricultural products, but also increasing the output value by 2140 yuan/mu.
TABLE 5 Red soil Rice field annual 'two kinds four harvest' oil Rice crop rotation mode agricultural product yield per unit time situation
Note: the price of the common commodity in the markets of paddy, rapeseed and rape moss in Jiangxi province in 2019 is calculated.
2. Compared with the existing main mode and the current main mode, the annual two-kind four-harvest rice (medium rice and ratoon rice) rotation mode technology of the red soil rice field has the advantages that the multiple cropping index is directly increased from 1.0 or 2.0 or 3.0 to 4.0 for unit land area in the year, the utilization rate of resources such as light, temperature, water, soil, gas and the like is greatly improved, the type, the quantity and the quality of agricultural products are increased, the self-supply guarantee and the abundance of grain and oil are improved, and the supply of the agricultural products is optimized. See table 6 for details.
TABLE 6 multiple cropping index comparison between the three cropping farming modes of red-earth rice field and the current main mode
3. Under the condition that crop machinery is planted in a red soil rice field in a year round to harvest and crush straws and return to the field, the innovative 'two-four-harvest' oil (vegetable and oil two-harvest) rice (medium rice and ratoon rice) crop rotation mode in the year round of the red soil rice field has the advantages that the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of crops applying chemical fertilizers is improved obviously to different degrees compared with the ever 'three-harvest' oil rice rotation mode and the current 3 main modes (namely 'two-harvest' oil rice rotation mode, rice continuous cropping mode and 'one-harvest' rice single-crop mode), the effects of losing weight and saving cost are achieved, and the national strategic demands of crop decrement application and high yield of the currently implemented chemical fertilizers are responded.
TABLE 7 chemical fertilizer utilization rate of two three-harvest vegetable-oil rice crop rotation modes in red soil rice field year round
The technical key points of the rice rotation mode of 'two kinds of four harvests' of oil (two harvests of vegetable and oil) rice (two harvests of medium rice and ratoon rice) in the red soil rice field all the year round are as follows:
(1) selecting a rice field: because the linking time of the crops for rotation of the 'two-crop and four-crop' rotation mode in the year of innovation is relatively compact, and the mechanization degree of the whole farm work operation is high, the red soil rice field which is convenient to drain and irrigate and can preserve and refresh water is suitable to be selected.
(2) Planting rape: no-tillage direct seeding (mechanical ditching) or mechanical direct seeding after the rice stubble regeneration is adopted, rape is harvested mechanically and the crushed straws are returned to the field directly.
(3) Picking rape bolts: and (3) intensively picking up 15-20 cm of the rape bolts (namely the length from the bolt tops to the cut bolts) in the date of 25-31 Yuanyue, and immediately applying urea after the bolts are picked so that the rape bolts can re-release new bolts.
(4) Planting rice: rice is harvested by a rice (medium rice stubble and regenerated rice stubble) maturing machine and the rice straw is smashed and returned to the field directly.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A planting method for annual two-species four-harvest of red soil rice fields is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing the rapes in the 10 th-month later, wherein basic fertilizer is applied in combination with sowing, topdressing is applied for the first time in the 12 th-month later or the 1 st-month later, rape bolts are picked in the 1 st-month later, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied for the second time immediately after the bolts are picked; mechanically harvesting rapeseeds in the middle ten days of the 5 month period, wherein the rape straws are crushed and directly returned to the field;
(2) throwing and planting middle rice in the field in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the field is combined with field machinery to apply base fertilizer for soil preparation, the first top dressing is applied in the whole field in the tillering stage, the second top dressing is continuously applied in the heading stage, and the third top dressing is applied 5-7 days before harvesting; mechanically harvesting medium-sized rice in late 8-month ten days, wherein the rice straws are crushed and directly returned to the field; mechanically harvesting the regenerated rice again in late 10 months, wherein the rice straw is crushed and returned to the field directly.
2. The method for planting two species and four harvests of a red soil rice field in a year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the sown rape is mechanical ditching direct sowing rape or stubble cleaning rotary tillage sowing earthing pressing pesticide spraying ditching integrated direct sowing rape after the rice stubble regeneration.
3. The method for planting two species and four harvests of a red soil rice field in a year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the rape is selected from any one of sunlight 131, medium oil 607 and rich oil 730, the winter sowing full growth period of the rape is less than 200 days, and the yield is more than or equal to 100 kg/mu.
4. The method for planting two species and four harvests of a red soil rice field in a year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the amount and the method of the base fertilizer are as follows: adopts the combination of mechanical soil preparation, seeding, spreading fertilizer or strip fertilizer of 7-8 kg/mu of N and 3-4 kg/mu of K2O, 4-5 kg/mu P2O5And 1 kg/mu of borax; the dosage of the first top dressing is as follows: 4 kg/mu N and 2 kg/mu K2O; the dosage of the second topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is as follows: 2 kg/mu N.
5. The method for planting two species and four harvests of a red soil rice field in a year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the dosage of the base fertilizer is as follows: 5-6 kg/mu of N and 6-7 kg/mu of P2O5And K of 8-9 kg/mu2O; the dosage of the first top dressing is as follows: 2.5 kg/acre of N; the dosage of the second additional fertilizer is as follows: 3.5 kg/mu N and 4 kg/mu K2O; the dosage of the third additional fertilizer is as follows: 3 kg/mu of N.
6. A process according to claim 4 or 5A planting method for annual two-species four-harvest of red soil rice fields is characterized by comprising the following steps: providing the N fertilizer as urea and/or a ternary compound fertilizer; providing said K2The fertilizer of O is ternary compound fertilizer and/or potassium chloride; providing said P2O5The fertilizer is ternary compound fertilizer and/or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
7. The method for planting two species and four harvests of a red soil rice field in a year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the medium rice is any one of Fengliangxiang No. 1, quaisangyou 608 and Shenqiyou 5814, and the medium rice has a full growth period of 128-one day for 132 days and a yield of more than or equal to 550 kg/mu.
8. The method for planting two species and four harvests of a red soil rice field in a year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the middle rice is sown in the middle ten days of 4 months on a seedling tray for seedling raising, and then the middle rice is throw-planted in the field in the middle ten days of 5 months.
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| CN112189399A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2021-01-08 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Synchronous cultivation method under three-cropping production of red soil rice field |
| CN112586296A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-02 | 华中农业大学 | Method for synchronously harvesting rice and sowing rape in rice-oil rotation area late rice field |
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