CN101695265B - No-tillage seedling-throwing overall aerobic cultivation method for oil crop-medium rice fixed compartment ditch - Google Patents
No-tillage seedling-throwing overall aerobic cultivation method for oil crop-medium rice fixed compartment ditch Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of rice cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method suitable for no-tillage rice in a fixed compartment of an oil crop-medium rice field. The cultivation method comprises the following steps that: (1) rice seeds are coated by using dry-raised nurse, thick mud and dry fine soil serving as coating agents, wherein the components comprise 7.9 to 12.5 percent of dry-raised nurse, 25 to 26.3 percent of rice seeds, 12.5 to 13.2 percent of thick mud with 37 percent of water content and 50 to 52.6 percent of dry fine soil with 3 percent of water content in percentage by mass; the rice field is finished as required and the soil moisture is kept; and keeping the seedling age at 15 to 18 days; (2) the compartment width of the oil crop field is 1.2 meters, the width of the ditch is 0.3 meter, and the depth of the ditch is 0.25 meter; the rape seedlings are applied to the field; a ternary compound fertilizer of which pure nutrients comprise 15 percent of N, 15 percent of P2O5 and 15 percent of K2O is applied, and 30 kilograms of pure nitrogen is applied in each mu; 5.80 kilograms of zinc is applied in each mu; and 4.8 kilograms of boron fertilizer is applied in each mu, and the ditch is kept full of water; (3) rice seedlings with 50 to 100 grams of soil in each seedling in 15 to 18 days are directionally thrown according to a row space of 20 centimeters; and (4) the ditch is kept with water and the compartment surface has no water after throwing the seedlings till the heading stage, and dry and wet alternated cultivation is adopted from the grain filling stage to the maturation stage. Compared with the conventional method, the yield is averagely increased by 6.7 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rice cultivating technique field, be specifically related to a kind of fixed compartment ditch semilate rice no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation method, this method is a kind ofly can improve semilate rice output, reduces the cultivation method of soil greenhouse gaseous exhaust.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the topmost cereal crops of China, and its gross output accounts for 35% of China's total grain output, has critical role and effect in China's plant husbandry and even whole agricultural and rural economy work.Along with rapid development of economy, the rural laborer shifts to second tertiary industry in a large number over nearly 30 years, and the rural laborer is obviously not enough.Though traditional intensive cultivation can obtain high yield, the consumption worker is consuming time, and the farming cost is higher.No-tillage as a kind ofly save time, saving of labor, the novel methods of cultivation that conserve water and soil, improve agriculture benefit come into one's own day by day.No-tillage except can save time, the saving of labor reduces the labour intensity, the temperature that can also keep soil keeps the soil organisms diversity under a metastable state, keep the soil organic matter, improves the structure of soil, thereby helps growing of crop.Make up no-tillage cast-transplanted rice sprouts band soil, complete substantially and shallow the planting of root system on the no-tillage cast-transplanted rice land for growing field crops colony starting point, the seedling appearance is different, and the major part rice shoot lies low, and does not have the seeding row spacing configuration simultaneously, be accurate evenly random distribution, formed the distinct characteristic that rice seedling grows and forms with output.Paddy rice no-tillage cast-transplanted area enlarges rapidly, and especially in Guangxi, paddy rice no-tillage cast-transplanted technology has become the new technology that peasant's degree of recognition is the highest, promotion rate is the fastest, comprehensive benefit is best.
Studies show that the rice field plowed soils is in order to control weeds and chesson.But long-term turning over can destroy soil structure, the then favourable soil structure of keeping of no-tillage technology, keep the soil organisms diversity preferably, the soil physics environment is also developing to the situation that is fit to plant growth naturally, increase the air capacity of soils of soil, keep the soil organic matter, improve the structure of soil, help growing of crop.The increase of the no-tillage soil organic matter and aggregate has shown that soil stores and the ability increase that nutrient is provided, for the vital movement of edaphon has been created good ecotope.No-tillage stubble stays the field further to increase soil organic matter and aggregate, makes the soil configuration develop to the direction that is fit to local plant growth.But the long-term no-tillage bulk density of soil that whether reduces is the problem of generally being concerned about, this and no-tillagely whether cause soil compaction and to influence plant growth closely bound up.Simultaneously, the long-term no-tillage discharging that whether has reduced the soil greenhouse gases also is the problem that generally receives publicity, and this is related to global warming issue, the great Significance for Environment that has.
Zero-tillage rice field total porosity, aeration porosity all have in various degree rising with the difference of no-tillage cultivation mode, and prolongation with the no-tillage time limit, total porosity has ever-increasing trend, show the zero-tillage rice field topsoil venting capability be improved significantly, soil redox potential improves, and has reduced the discharging of methane.
No-tillage crop has turns over live or transplants the nourishing and growing of crop, material production and yield heterosis, have promptly that tillering node is low, seedling stage early, characteristics such as energetic, the photosynthetic efficiency height of many, the well developed root system of effective tiller, root system, give stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging.
Existing technology all is at no-tillage and direct-seeding of paddy rice or rice transplanting form, and reckon without the influence of good compression ring border that irrigation produces to paddy growth, task of the present invention provides a kind of oil stubble semilate rice no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation method, after preceding crop (rape) results, soaked field 2 days, soil is not turned over, spraying herbicide, and directly the ball-plant at the 15-18 days length of time rice seedlings grow is thrown in optimization surely.Fertilizer divides base manure and composite fertilizer and urea are used in (seed manure, fetilizer for tillering, ear manuer and the granulated fertilizer) gradation of topdressing.Shallow water management is carried out in the field, keeps promptly that the railway carriage or compartment face is moistening, water is arranged in the ditch.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, a kind of oil stubble-middle rice field fixed compartment no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation method that is suitable for no-tillage paddy rice is provided,, reduce the effect of rice field greenhouse gas emission to reach the raising rice yield.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of oil stubble-middle rice field fixed compartment no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation method that is suitable for no-tillage paddy rice, its feature comprises the following steps:
(1) rice seedling bed arrangement and seedling management: product coating agent drought is educated nurse and seed rice carries out dressing with being purchased, wherein the consumption of each component is as follows by mass ratio: the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 7.9%-12.5%, rice paddy seed 25%-26.3%, water content is that 37% dense mud 12.5%-13.2% and water content are 3% dried fine earth 50-52.6%; It is bold and vigorous permeable with described seedling bed to sow preceding 1 day, makes it moistening, after planting evenly covers seedling bed 1-2cm with the rape shell immediately, to keep the soil moisture content of seedling bed; Cultivate the rice shoot of suitable rice transplanting, make the described length of time rice seedlings grow be 15-18 days, standby;
(2) land for growing field crops arrangement and preparation: an oil stubble field is made into the wide 1.2m of being in railway carriage or compartment, and furrow width is 0.3m, and ditch depth is 0.25m, and is standby; The weeding soaked field of pouring water; With rape stubble field also; Use composite fertilizer: described composite fertilizer counts N 15%, P by pure nutrient
2O
515%, K
2O, 15%, per 667 square metres to use purity nitrogen be 30kg; Zinc by pure nutrient is 34.5%, and per 667 square metres to use bulky grain zinc (a kind of commercial fertilizer that contains zinc) be 5.80kg; Count 20.8% by pure boron, use commodity boron fertilizer 4.8kg/ for per 667 square metres, keep full ditch-water;
(3) with native rice transplanting: the length of time rice seedlings grow that step (1) is cultivated is 15-18 days seedling with adhering soil 50-100g/ strain, is that directed throwing of 20cm planted by seeding row spacing;
(4) water management: keep that to heading stage water is arranged in the ditch behind the rice transplanting, the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, and pustulation period to the maturing stage is adopted the alternation of wetting and drying cultivation.
Best-of-breed technology scheme of the present invention is, wherein the consumption of described each component of above-mentioned steps (1) is as follows by mass ratio: it is 9.1% that the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse, rice paddy seed is 26.0%, and water content is that 37% dense mud is 13%, and water content is that 3% dried fine earth is 51.9%.
Principle of the present invention and effect are:
(1) optimizes the double efficient and orderly high-yield culturing theory of rice transplanting saving of labor of getting of throwing surely, no-tillage technology, seedling-throwing technology and traditional rice are made technology to organically combine, its technical connotation is, optimizing fixed the throwing is on the basis of non-irrigated seedling, to be with soil (50-100g) rice shoot orientation (fixed point, spacing, quantitative) to throw and plant, and advocate the seedling throwing and plant length of time rice seedlings grow 15-18 days.Decide the rice transplanting seedling through artificial throwing downwards, the phenomenon of falling the seedling does not appear in zero-tillage rice field substantially, decide throwing and can reduce or stop the rice shoot skewness, reach in order or orderly relatively, make field, rice transplanting rice field operational administrative convenient and swift as transplanting rice, the more important thing is the obvious ventilation and penetrating light condition of improving the rice transplanting rice field, the group structure in coordination field and seedling, fringe, kernel structure, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller and fringe type regularity, stop " babysbreath " and throw to plant and cause the rice shoot skewness and the underproduction occurs, help the stable high yield of rice seedling.The directed throwing of paddy rice optimization planted, and can reduce labor intensity, and raises labour productivity, and accomplished the coordinating and unifying of high-yield and high-efficiency.
(2) increasing yield: seedling with adhering soil is thrown and is planted, and well developed root system is energetic, vigorous rich water absorbing capacity is arranged, and colony's starting is fast, and it is partly radial that plant is more, improved the solar energy availability, tiller many early stage, shows stronger growth vigor, be not with native rice transplanting ratio with routine, optimization is thrown average root surely and is grown tall 90%, and root is heavy high by 50%, and plant height is high by 30%, it is many 30% to tiller, seedling peak height 25%; Optimizing to throw surely is subjected to light even between strain, leaf layer vertical distribution is even relatively, the greenery amount of unit are load is big, form the well-formed, larger photosynthetic production system, spike number that unit are is held and grain husk flower amount increase, heading back population photosynthesis bed thickness, the storehouse source strength is big, and vigorous physical capacity is arranged.Paddy rice is optimized four big feature: a, the rice shoot distribution deciding throwing and formed rice seedling high yield colony and has the higher uniformity; B, colony's fertility have degrees of coordination preferably; C, colony have the higher percentage of earbearing tiller; (d) colony has higher regularity.
(3) reduce greenhouse effect: this laboratory studies show that, no-tillage basining irrigation can be improved topsoil unit weight, improve the soil reducing substances and the content of organic matter, reduce the topsoil nitrification, improved denitrification, significantly improve the discharging of soil nitrous oxide and methane, improved greenhouse effect.Therefore, no-tillage good gas culture technique can improve the upper soll layer redox potential, has reduced the discharging of soil nitrous oxide and methane.
The advantage of this discovery is: (a) adopt no-tillage cast-transplanted to save manpower and animal power, reduce cost; (b) be with native rice transplanting, coordinate no-tillage semilate rice tight slightly contradiction in season, rice varieties is nourished and grown the time in the prolongation, improves semilate rice output; (c) keep gas to irrigate and to have improved the zero-tillage rice field soil permeability, improved soil redox potential, reduced greenhouse gas emission.
More detailed technical scheme is seen " embodiment ".
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 (basic embodiment)
A kind of oil stubble-middle rice field fixed compartment cultivation method that is suitable for no-tillage paddy rice, its step is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed arrangement and seedling management: be purchased product coating agent drought educate nurse (manufacturer: the regional research of agricultural science institute of going to river in the Jiangsu Province) and seed rice carry out dressing, wherein the consumption of each component is as follows by mass ratio: the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 7.9%-12.5%, rice paddy seed 25%-26.3%, water content is 37% dense mud 12.5%-13.2%, and water content is 3% dried fine earth 50-52.6%; It is bold and vigorous permeable with described seedling bed to sow preceding 1 day, makes it moistening, after planting evenly covers seedling bed 1-2cm with the rape shell immediately, to keep the soil moisture content of seedling bed; Obtain the rice shoot of suitable rice transplanting, make the length of time rice seedlings grow be 15-18 days, standby;
(2) land for growing field crops arrangement and preparation: an oil stubble field is made into the wide 1.2m of being in railway carriage or compartment, and furrow width is 0.3m, and ditch depth is 0.25m, and is standby; Composite fertilizer with rape stubble field also, is used in the weeding soaked field of pouring water, and described composite fertilizer counts N 15%, P by pure nutrient
2O
515%, K
2O, 15%, use purity nitrogen 30kg for per 667 square metres; Zinc by pure nutrient is 34.5%, and per 667 square metres to use bulky grain zinc be 5.80kg; Count 20.8% by effective boron, use boron fertilizer 4.8kg/ for per 667 square metres, keep full ditch-water;
(3) with native rice transplanting: the length of time rice seedlings grow that step (1) is cultivated is 15-18 days seedling with adhering soil 50-100g/ strain, is that directed throwing of 20cm planted by seeding row spacing;
(4) water management: keep that to heading stage water is arranged in the ditch behind the rice transplanting, the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, and pustulation period to the maturing stage is adopted the alternation of wetting and drying cultivation.
Embodiment 2
Basic step according to embodiment 1, in the present embodiment described seed coating medicine by each set of dispense of mass ratio such as down: the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 9.1%, rice paddy seed 26.0%, water content are 37% dense mud 13%, and water content is 3% dried fine earth 51.9%.
Embodiment 3 (Application Example 1)
2006-2007 has carried out the also experiment of Tanaka rice (kind is two excellent 3076, the kind of openly promoting for the whole nation) fixed compartment ditch no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation technology of rape stubble in Shayang County city, Chinese Hubei Province.No-tillage cast-transplanted is cultivated 50,000 mu of demonstration sheets.Oil stubble semilate rice fixed compartment ditch no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation technology adopts the concrete test method of the supporting application of product such as coating agent for seed, weed killer herbicide, fertilizer as follows:
(1) the previous crops crop is rape and paddy rice, divides the railway carriage or compartment plantation, and the railway carriage or compartment is wide to be 1.2m, and ditch depth and furrow width are 0.3m and 0.25m; (2) select rice varieties kind two excellent 3076 (the open kinds of promoting in the whole nation) in the high yield that plant type is good, lodging resistance is strong for use; (3) semilate rice sowing time May 15 to May 20; (4) seed pelleting is for being purchased product " drought is educated nurse ", and according to the specification introduction of this product, this product contains compositions such as insecticide, bactericide and trace element, is the important assurance that reduces seedling stage diseases and pests and promote paddy growth; (5) after the preceding crop rape results, keep the rape stubble; If the railway carriage or compartment face is uneven, with the coarse leveling of creeper; (6) preceding 2 days soaked fields of pouring water of rice seedling throwing, and use weed killer herbicide, i.e. spray is no track 200ml of gram and the special 2g (being commercially available agricultural chemical) of 5% sharp strength once; (7) rice transplanting is preceding 1 day, in conjunction with rape shell mulching and returning, executes 30% high-quality composite fertilizer (by pure nutrient: N-P
2O
5-K
2O, 15%-15%-15%, this commodity composite fertilizer is that middleization chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd produces) 30kg/667 square metre/rice at whole growth periods, (content is 34.5% to 5.80kg/667 square metre/rice at whole growth periods bulky grain zinc; Nanjing Mai Kefeng Agricultural Materials Company produces) and 4.80kg boron fertilizer/667 square metre/(effective boron content is 20.8% to rice at whole growth periods; Inst. of Soil ﹠ Fertilizer, Jiangsu Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences produces), execute at the railway carriage or compartment face of bubble profit and make base fertilizer.At the beginning of (8) 6 months, be 15-18 days rice seedlings, carry and water the previous day permeablely that play seedling with spades, transportations such as basin, basket keep the full ditch-water rice transplanting in land for growing field crops with being cultivated in the paddy rice length of time rice seedlings grow in rice seedling bed.Every cave band soil 50-100g during rice transplanting, mu is thrown 1.8 ten thousand caves.(9) balance fertilizing: note the use of seed manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer.(10) science Guan Shui: keep that to heading stage water is arranged in the ditch behind the rice transplanting, the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, and pustulation period to the maturing stage is adopted the alternation of wetting and drying cultivation.Field management according to the planting patterns of no-tillage and direct-seeding (Peng Chunrui. the subject matter of Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice and solution route. moderately well-off scientific and technological digest, 2004,12:14-15.) carry out field management, the test region produces through surveying, every mu of per unit area yield 613kg, average per unit area yield 574.3kg increases income paddy 38.7kg than the first three years, volume increase 6.7%, and every mu of abridged edition increases income more than 243.6 yuan.Simultaneously, the mensuration to the greenhouse effect of the good gas of no-tillage cast-transplanted test shows that the comprehensive greenhouse effect in no-tillage cast-transplanted rice field are 16409kgCO
2Ha
-1, than low 13% (the seeing Table 2) of no-tillage and direct-seeding.
The concrete assay method of greenhouse gas emission, determining instrument and computational methods are seen document: Yuan Weiling, Cao gathers expensive, Li Chengfang, Zhan Ming, Cai Mingli, Wang Jinping, rice duck, rice fish work ecosystem CH
4And N
2O greenhouse effect and assessment of economic benefit, Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009,42 (6): 2052-2060.
Embodiment 4 (application example 2)
2007-2009 has carried out the also experiment of Tanaka rice (kind is two excellently to accompany nine, the kind of openly promoting for Hubei Province) fixed compartment ditch no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation technology of rape stubble at Chinese Hubei Province Wuxue City.Oil stubble semilate rice fixed compartment ditch no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation technology adopts the following step by embodiment 3 of concrete test method of the supporting application of product such as coating agent for seed, weed killer herbicide, fertilizer to carry out.
The test region produces through surveying, every mu of per unit area yield 635.6kg, and average per unit area yield 569.5kg increases income paddy 66.1kg than the first three years, volume increase 11.6%, every mu of abridged edition increases income more than 159.5 yuan.Mensuration to the greenhouse effect of the good gas of no-tillage cast-transplanted test shows that the comprehensive greenhouse effect in rice field are 17263kg CO
2Ha
-1, than low 20% (the seeing Table 2) of no-tillage and direct-seeding.
Embodiment 5 (application example 3)
Carry out different seed coating medicine droughts in Shayang County city, Chinese Hubei Province in 2006 and educated nurse, rice paddy seed, the also experiment of Tanaka rice (kind is two excellent 3076, the kind of openly promoting for the whole nation) fixed compartment ditch no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation technology of rape stubble under dense mud and the dried fine earth proportioning.
Concrete operations step such as embodiment 3 are identical, remove in the present embodiment each component by mass ratio of described seed coating medicine and divide 5 proportionings to be formulated as follows:
1) the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 5.4%, rice paddy seed 27%, and water content is 37% dense mud 13.5%, water content is 3% dried fine earth 54.1%;
2) the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 7.9%, rice paddy seed 26.3%, and water content is 37% dense mud 13.2, water content is 3% dried fine earth 52.6;
3) the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 9.1%, rice paddy seed 26.0%, and water content is 37% dense mud 13%, water content is 3% dried fine earth 51.9%;
4) the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 12.5%, rice paddy seed 25%, and water content is 37% dense mud 12.5%, water content is 3% dried fine earth 50%;
5) the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 14.6%, rice paddy seed 24.4%, and water content is 37% dense mud 12.2%, water content is 3% dried fine earth 48.8%.
The test region is through survey producing, the effect of different disposal see Table 1 and table 2 shown in.
2006-2007 has carried out the also experiment of Tanaka rice (kind is two excellent 3076, the kind of openly promoting for the whole nation) fixed compartment ditch no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation technology of rape stubble in Shayang County city, Chinese Hubei Province.
Table 1: the seed coating medicine of different proportionings and rice paddy seed combination are to the influence of output
Table 2: the Preliminary Determination of the greenhouse effect of different cultivating systems/(kg CO
2Ha
-1)
Claims (2)
1. oil stubble semilate rice fixed compartment ditch no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation method, its step comprises:
(1) rice seedling bed arrangement and seedling management: educate nurse, dense mud, dried fine earth and seed rice with the seed coating medicine drought and carry out dressing, wherein the consumption of each component is as follows by mass ratio: the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 7.9%-12.5%, rice paddy seed 25%-26.3%, water content is 37% dense mud 12.5%-13.2%, and water content is 3% dried fine earth 50-52.6%; It is bold and vigorous permeable with the seedling bed to sow preceding 1 day, makes it moistening, after planting evenly covers seedling bed 1-2cm with the rape shell immediately, to keep the soil moisture content of seedling bed; Obtain the rice shoot of suitable rice transplanting, make the length of time rice seedlings grow be 15-18 days, standby;
(2) land for growing field crops arrangement and preparation: an oil stubble field is made into the wide 1.2m of being in railway carriage or compartment, and furrow width is 0.3m, and ditch depth is the land for growing field crops of 0.25m, and is standby; Composite fertilizer with rape stubble field also, is used in the weeding soaked field of pouring water, and described composite fertilizer counts N 15%, P by pure nutrient
2O
515%, K
2O15% uses purity nitrogen 30kg for per 667 square metres; Zinc by pure nutrient is 34.5%, and per 667 square metres to use bulky grain zinc be 5.80kg; Count 20.8% by effective boron, use boron fertilizer 4.8kg for per 667 square metres, keep full ditch-water;
(3) with native rice transplanting: the length of time rice seedlings grow that step (1) is cultivated is 15-18 days seedling with adhering soil 50-100g/ strain, is that directed throwing of 20cm planted by seeding row spacing;
(4) water management: keep that to heading stage water is arranged in the ditch behind the rice transplanting, the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, and pustulation period to the maturing stage is adopted the alternation of wetting and drying cultivation.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein the consumption of described each component of step (1) is as follows by mass ratio: the seed coating medicine drought is educated nurse 9.1%, rice paddy seed 26.0%, water content is 37% dense mud 13%, water content is 3% dried fine earth 51.9%.
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| CN102273368A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102273368A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-12-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage |
| CN102273368B (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-08-29 | 中国水稻研究所 | Planting method for increasing rice yield by returning rape as green manure during flowering stage |
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