CN102144515A - Large seedling box type seedling throwing cultivation method in rice seedling raising on upland field - Google Patents
Large seedling box type seedling throwing cultivation method in rice seedling raising on upland field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large seedling box type seedling throwing cultivation method in rice seedling raising on an upland field, which comprises the steps of seedling raising and cultivation on the same field. Through the invention, the box type seedling throwing technology in rice seedling raising on the upland field is further perfected, and the leaf age, the box face width, the seedling throwing density and the basic seedlings of thrown seedlings are optimally chosen. The leaf age of optimally chosen seedlings applicable to throwing is 4-7 leaves and 1 core, the box face width of cultivation on the same field is 2-2.67 m, and the seedling throwing density is 12700-14700 holes and 60000-80000 basic seedlings per mu. Therefore, the box type seedling throwing technology in rice seedling raising on the upland field is more applicable to popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rice cultivating technique field, particularly relate to the paddy rice drought and educate the cultivation method that middle seedlings van-type is lost seedling.
Background technology
The paddy rice drought is educated to throw and is planted as a rice cultivating technique, it is to use plastic floppy disk to cultivate a kind of seedling raising method of rice seedling, mould the rice shoot root that brings out of dish and have nutritive cube, be easy to mutually disperse, on field-transplanting rice shoot is evenly shed together with nutrition soil, the action of gravity that utilizes root is with rice shoot field planting field.But, mould little, the easily dead seedling of dish rice transplanting seedling age elasticity, also spare seedling after the throwing, fill the gaps with seedlings, time-consuming.
The paddy rice drought is educated van-type, and to lose the seedling technology be to develop from seedling-throwing technology, is one and more saves the labour, the novel culture technique of paddy rice that peasant household is easy to accept than rice transplanting.It has following major advantage: the one, save the labour, and a strong labour can lose 1.5 mu in one day, and the stay cord transplanting can only be planted 0.7 mu; The 2nd, losing seedling can reduce labor intensity, and men and women, old and young all can; The 3rd, seedling age elasticity is big, rape field, winter slack field, all practicable seedling of losing in vegetables field; The 4th, it is even that institute loses rice shoot, can guarantee field density, loses once success of seedling, avoids rice transplanting " throws two equal three mends " back two procedures; The 6th, lose seedling and transplant volume increase 5～8% than stay cord.But the existing seedling technology of losing is perfect not enough.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome existing van-type to lose the perfect not enough defective of seedling technology, provide a kind of paddy rice drought to educate middle seedlings van-type and lose the seedling cultivation method, further perfect van-type is lost the seedling technology, for the large scale application of this technology lays the foundation.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The seedlings van-type was lost the seedling cultivation method during paddy rice drought of the present invention was educated:
(1) seedling: select the seedbed, hack, open the wide 1.3～1.5m of being in railway carriage or compartment, the high 10cm of being in railway carriage or compartment, stay the wide fertilising insect protected aisle of 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment, hold the drain ditch all around successfully, foster and apply fertilizer, be in saturation state with clear water pouring to the native moisture of bed,, cover epiphragma behind the lid seed mud of 0.6～1cm at day every square meter seeding in nursery bed 25～40g gulch when samming is more than 10 ℃, carry out seedbed management afterwards, when rice shoot grows to 4～7 leaves, 1 heart, can be used for losing the seedling cultivation;
(2) Honda cultivation: Honda deep ploughing, fertilising, lose and plant preceding 3～4 days, every mu of Honda is converted clearly liquid dung with 3～4kg urea and is executed disposable fertilizer, lose to plant and irrigate the seedling seedbed with clear water the previous day, more than the seedling shovel belt soil 3cm, Honda takes stay cord to beat the railway carriage or compartment, wide 2～the 2.67m in railway carriage or compartment, stay the fertilising insect protected aisle of 0.3～0.4m between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment, mu is lost 1.27～1.47 ten thousand caves, 6～80,000 basic seedlings, carries out conventional Honda management afterwards.
In the said method, nursery soil pH value used during seedling is 4.5～5.5, and the content of organic matter is more than 3%.
When the railway carriage or compartment is beaten in the Honda cultivation, the wide 2m～2.67m that is preferably in railway carriage or compartment.
Preferably, the seedlings van-type was lost the seedling cultivation method during aforementioned paddy rice drought was educated, and was used to lose plant rice oil two mature fields when rice shoot grows to 4～5 leaves, 1 heart.
Technique scheme is that the applicant comes out through experiment sieving:
Experiment one: the paddy rice drought is educated van-type and is lost the influence research of the different leaf ages of seedling to output
1, materials and methods
1.1, test site
Experimental field be chosen in last group Wen Chunzhang field in winter slack, hole, brilliant village, Long Jia town, Yuqing County and carry out, height above sea level 800m, soil types is a yellow earth, middle fertility, previous crops rape.
1.2, for the examination material
Feng Youxiang accounts for, and is provided by Yuqing County Long Jia town agricultural service center.
1.3, experimental scheme
6 processing are established in this test, three repetitions.Sub-district area 20m
2, lose 20 nests for every square, mu is lost more than 13000 nests.6 processing are respectively: A: three leaves wholeheartedly, B: four leaves wholeheartedly, C: five leaves wholeheartedly, D: six leaves wholeheartedly, E: seven leaves wholeheartedly, F: eight leaves are wholeheartedly.
1.4, test process
On March 20th, 2008 seedbed of fostering and apply fertilizer, sowing on April 16, lose seedling in May 5,13,20,27 and June 2,7 respectively by conceptual design, mu is executed urea 5kg, compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy 30kg, potash fertilizer 10kg when losing seedling, each handles 7 days short rice shoot early growth and quick tillers of mu fertilizing of biogas manure 500kg, urea 7kg after losing seedling, and, to the sick worm prevention of rice shoot 1 time, carry out a rice blast control again in the paddy rice cut phase with the agricultural chemicals that satisfies the need in conjunction with sick worm monitoring result.Each handles the maturing stage is September 20～26, and each is handled on 26th and checks and accepts.
2, yield result and analysis
As seen, 5 leaves, 1 heart is lost the highest 686.7kg/667 m of seedling output from table 1
2, secondly 4 leaves, 1 heart is lost seedling per mu yield 633.3kg, and 7 leaves, 1 heart is lost seedling output and is occupied the 3rd 600kg/667 m
2, this tests 3 leaves, 1 heart and 8 leaves, 1 heart, and to lose seedling output minimum.
The different leaf age droughts of table 1 are educated van-type and are lost the influence test yield result of seedling to output
Through variance analysis: the result shows (seeing Table 2), F=102.024〉F
0.01, it is very remarkable to handle differences.Through multiple ratio, the result shows (seeing Table 3), 5 leaves, 1 heart is lost seedling and other length of time rice seedlings grow and is lost seedling difference and reach and extremely show level, 4 leaves, 1 heart is lost seedling and 7 leaves, 1 heart, 6 leaves, 1 heart, 3 leaves, 1 heart, 8 leaves, 1 heart and is lost seedling difference and reach and extremely show level, it is not remarkable that 7 leaves, 1 heart and 6 leaves, 1 heart are lost seedling difference, but reach extremely apparent level with 3 leaves, 1 heart, 8 leaves, 1 heart difference, difference is extremely not apparent between 3 leaves, 1 heart and 8 leaves, 1 heart.
Table 2 variance analysis
Table 3 is respectively handled the volume variance significance test
Result of the test shows: it is higher that 5 leaves, 1 heart and 4 leaves, 1 heart are lost seedling output, significantly is better than other length of time rice seedlings grow to lose seedling; 7 leaves, 1 heart and 6 leaves, 1 heart are lost seedling output and are taken second place, but significantly are better than 3 leaves, 1 heart and 1 heart length of time rice seedlings grow of 8 leaves is lost seedling.Can find out thus: winter slack, to lose seedling at 5 leaves, 1 heart and 4 leaves, 1 heart optimum in the field, output is the highest, but large tracts of land promotes the use, 7 leaves, 1 heart and 6 leaves, 1 heart output are taken second place, but the length of time rice seedlings grow is long slightly, are fit to the rape field and lose seedling, lose during 3 leaves, 1 heart that the seedling rice shoot is weak, the band tiller is few, cold hardiness is poor, enter the Honda phase susceptible to of tillering, 1 heart nonirrigated farmland length of time rice seedlings grow of 8 leaves is oversize, influences the Honda phase to nourish and grow.Therefore 3 leaves, 1 heart is not promoted in suggestion, 8 leaves, 1 heart is lost seedling producing.
Different railway carriage or compartments face width degree is to the research of yield effect when experiment two, Honda cultivation
1, test site and material
Test site is chosen in cool breeze village, the big Wujiang River (height above sea level is 900m), brilliant village, Long Jia town (height above sea level is 800m), spring scenery village, little cheek town (height above sea level is 700m), Xia Li village, white clay town (height above sea level is 600m) enforcement.Previous crops is rape, during experimental cultivar is excellent 85.
2, experimental scheme
5 processing, randomized arrangement are established in test altogether.Railway carriage or compartment face width degree is A: railway carriage or compartment face width degree is 2m, B: railway carriage or compartment face width degree is 2.67m, C: railway carriage or compartment face width degree is 3.33m, D: railway carriage or compartment face width degree is 4m, and E railway carriage or compartment face width degree is 4.67m.Each processing area is 133.4m
2, randomized arrangement is not established repetition, the same Routine Management of field management.
3, test process
The sowing on April 6 of the big Wujiang River, May 24 transplanted, September 18 maturation; Sowing on Long Jia town April 15, June 5 transplanted, September 27 maturation; Sowing on little cheek town April 11, May 17 transplanted, September 15 maturation; Sowing on white clay town April 17, May 22 transplanted, September 16 maturation.Other cultivation management measure and ecological drought educate that to lose seedling seedling technology identical.
4, interpretation of result
4.1, yield result analysis (table 4)
As seen from Table 4, different railway carriage or compartments face width degree is lost the seedling per unit area yield and is opened railway carriage or compartment output with 2m and occupy first, per unit area yield 579.4kg/667m
2, secondly be that 2.67m opens the railway carriage or compartment and loses seedling output and occupy second per unit area yield 568.9kg/667m
2The minimum 4.67m of being of output opens the railway carriage or compartment and loses seedling per unit area yield 531.4kg/667m
2, secondly be that 4m opens the railway carriage or compartment and loses seedling per unit area yield 536.3kg/667m
2
The different railway carriage or compartment of table 4 face width degree cell production statistical form
4.2, economic characters analysis (table 5)
Find out that from economic characters examination table the plant height each point is respectively handled same kind different time sowing and is more or less the same, and differs 1.5cm at most; Spike length differs 1.3cm at most, and it is longer relatively to open the railway carriage or compartment with 6-8 chis; Mu effectively fringe to open the railway carriage or compartment with 6-8 chis higher, it is lower that 12-14 chis are opened the railway carriage or compartment; The real grain of fringe number, fringe ripening rate, theoretically produce reason all to open the railway carriage or compartment with 6-8 chis higher.
Table 5, economic characters examination table
3, brief summary
Lose the seedling result of the test by the different railway carriage or compartments of each point Different Altitude face width degree and show, the paddy rice drought is educated and is lost seedling railway carriage or compartment face to open the railway carriage or compartment with 6～8 chis more moderate, and mu effectively fringe, ripening rate, thousand kernel weight, each factor structure of output is more reasonable, and output is the highest; The fertilising of field management simultaneously is relative with insect protected convenient.Suggestion is promoted the paddy rice drought in large tracts of land and is educated and lose in the seedling technology, and it is better that the railway carriage or compartment face is opened the railway carriage or compartment with 6～8 chis.
The seedlings van-type was lost the pre-test of seedling different densities to yield effect during experiment three, paddy rice drought were educated
1, test site and material
Experimental field be chosen in hole, brilliant village, Long Jia town, the county and go up the enforcement of the group Wen Chunyuan of peasant household farmland covered by contract.Experimental field smooth illumination condition is good on the sunny side, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and soil is yellow earth, and fertility is better-than-average, the previous crops rape.Experimental cultivar is fragrant 6 excellent 7799.
2, experimental scheme
Test is established 6 and is handled density, repeats for three times, and district's group is arranged at random, the sub-district area (20m of 4m * 5m)
2Density A:0.80 ten thousand caves/667m
2, lose 12 nests/m
2, 240 nests are lost in every sub-district; Density B:1.07 ten thousand caves/667m
2, lose 16.0 nests/m
2, 320 nests are lost in every sub-district; Density C:1.27 ten thousand caves/667m
2, lose 19 nests/m
2, 380 nests are lost in every sub-district; Density D: 1.47 ten thousand caves/667m
2, lose 22 seedlings/m
2, 440 nests are lost in every sub-district; Density E, 1.67 ten thousand caves/667m
2, lose 25 seedlings/m
2, 500 nests are lost in every sub-district; Density F, 1.87 ten thousand caves/667m
2, lose 28 nests/m
2, 560 nests are lost in every sub-district.Repeat interbody spacer 40cm, minizone 30cm.
3, test process
The seedbed of fostering and apply fertilizer in advance March 18, every m
2The seedbed mixes with 15 ㎏/㎡ natural pond liquid or natural pond slag, 0.25 ㎏/㎡ superphosphate and covers fermentation with film after applying the seedbed.Sowing on April 6, May 18 lost and plants, and shallow water does not reveal mud when losing seedling, and upright seedling normal root shallow water is short tillers, and mu stem tiller number reaches 220,000 left and right sides dry field control seedlings, intermittent irrigation after the rehydration, booting-flowering keeps water layer 3 ~ 4cm, and it is moistening that grouting-stage of wax ripeness field keeps.Lose seedling mu the previous day and execute high-quality barnyard manure 1200 ㎏ that become thoroughly decomposed, urea 6 ㎏, superphosphate 45 ㎏, potassium chloride 6 ㎏; June 7, mu was executed tillering fertilizer urea 5 ㎏; June 29 (shooting stage, ear differentiation), mu was executed urea 8 ㎏, potassium sulphate 5 ㎏.Plant and prevented and kill off weeds in field with the rice field pleasure in back 7 days, tiller, jointing, booting stage, medication keypoint control rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid, striped rice borer, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight each once.Surveyed September 30 to produce and check and accept.
4, interpretation of result
4.1 yield result analysis (seeing Table 6)
As seen from Table 6, D handles and loses seedling 1.47 ten thousand caves/667m
2Output occupies first, per unit area yield 670.3kg/667m
2Next is that seedling 1.27 ten thousand caves/667m is lost in the C processing
2, per unit area yield 650.3kg/667m
2, it is that seedling 1.67 ten thousand caves/667m is lost in the E processing that output occupies the 3rd
2, per unit area yield 633.7kg/667m
2The minimum A of output handles and loses seedling 0.8 ten thousand caves/667m
2, per unit area yield 603.6kg/667m
2, secondly be that 1.87 ten thousand caves/667m is lost in the F processing
2, per unit area yield 607.0kg/667m
2
Table 6 is lost seedling different densities yield result statistical form
4.2 variance analysis (see Table 7, table 8)
Show through variance analysis, between processing (
F=3.983＞
F 0.05=3.326) difference reaches significance level.Through multiple range test, handle D and reach significance level with processing A, F, B difference; Handle A and reach significance level with processing C; Difference is not remarkable between processing D, C, the E.
Table 7 variance analysis
Table 8 significance of difference is measured
Mean standard error: 0.398
4.3, economic characters analysis (table 9)
Find out that from economic characters examination table paddy rice is lost seedling and descends along with the real number of increase spike length, grain number per spike, fringe of density, mu is lost 0.80 ten thousand nest spike length, 25.1 cm, 166.7 of grain number per spikes, several 155.2 of the real grain of fringe, solid 93.1%; Mu is lost 1.87 ten thousand nest spike lengths, 23.3 cm, 151.0 of grain number per spikes, several 132.3 of the real grain of fringe, ripening rate 87.6%.Be not 28g with the variation of kind thousand kernel weight very much.From finding out, it is rational in infrastructure to lose 1.47 ten thousand nest strains, fringe, grain output with mu, and theoretical yield is up to 706.4kg/667cm2, secondly is that C handles reason and disputes output 677.5kg/667cm2.
Table 9 economic characters examination table
5, brief summary
Educating van-type by the paddy rice drought loses seedling different densities result of the test and shows.To lose 1.47 ten thousand cave output the highest to handle D for 6 density, and per unit area yield reaches 670.3kg/667m2, secondly is that C handles and loses 1.27 ten thousand cave per unit area yield 650.3kg/667m2; Output is minimum is that A handles that to lose 0.8 ten thousand cave output minimum, and secondly per unit area yield 603.6kg/667m2 is that F handles and loses 1.87 ten thousand nest per unit area yields, 607.0 kg/667m2.Suggestion is educated van-type in the paddy rice drought and is lost in the seedling large scale application, loses seedling 1.27-1.47 ten thousand caves/667cm2 and is advisable.
Seedlings were lost the research of the different basic seedlings of seedling to yield effect during experiment four, paddy rice drought were educated
1, test site and material
Experimental field be chosen in the farmland covered by contract enforcement that the group Gong Wen of peasant household good fortune is gone up in hole, brilliant village, Long Jia town, the county.Experimental field smooth illumination condition is good on the sunny side, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and soil is yellow earth, and fertility is better-than-average, the previous crops rape.The experimental cultivar river is rich 1799, and the Yuqing County seed stations provide.
2, experimental scheme
6 processing are established in test, three repetitions, and district's group is arranged at random.Handle: 1:4.0 ten thousand seedlings/666.7m
2, lose 60 seedlings/m
2, 1200 seedlings are lost in every sub-district; 2:5.0 ten thousand seedlings/666.7m
2, lose 75 seedlings/m
2, 1500 seedlings are lost in every sub-district; 3:6.0 ten thousand seedlings/666.7m
2, lose 90 seedlings/m
2, 1800 seedlings are lost in every sub-district; 4:7.0 ten thousand seedlings/666.7m
2, lose 105 seedlings/m
2, 2100 seedlings are lost in every sub-district; 5:8.0 ten thousand seedlings/666.7m
2, lose 120 seedlings/m
2, 2400 seedlings are lost in every sub-district.6:9.0 ten thousand seedlings/666.7m
2, lose 135 seedlings/m
2, 2700 seedlings are lost in every sub-district; Sub-district area (the 20m of 4m * 5m)
2, repeating interbody spacer 40cm, minizone 30cm establishes guard row all around.
3, test process
March 19, every m
2The seedbed mixes with 14 ㎏/㎡ natural pond liquid or natural pond slag, 0.25 ㎏/㎡ superphosphate and covers fermentation with film after applying the seedbed.Sowing on April 7, May 58, throwing was planted, and shallow water does not reveal mud during throwing, and upright seedling normal root shallow water is short tillers, and mu stem tiller number reaches 220,000 left and right sides dry field control seedlings, intermittent irrigation after the rehydration, booting-flowering keeps water layer 3 ~ 4cm, and it is moistening that grouting-stage of wax ripeness field keeps.Mu is executed high-quality barnyard manure 1300 ㎏ that become thoroughly decomposed, urea 5 ㎏, superphosphate 40 ㎏, potassium chloride 8 ㎏ before planting; June 8, mu was executed tillering fertilizer urea 5 ㎏; June 28 (shooting stage, ear differentiation), mu was executed urea 7 ㎏, potassium sulphate 8 ㎏.Plant and prevented and kill off weeds in field with the rice field pleasure in back 7 days, tiller, jointing, booting stage, medication keypoint control rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid, striped rice borer, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight each once.Surveyed September 28 to produce and check and accept.
4, interpretation of result
4.1 yield result analysis (seeing Table 10)
As seen from Table 10, D handles and loses 7.0 ten thousand seedlings/667m
2, secondly the highest per mu yield 686.7kg of output is that 6.0 ten thousand seedlings/667m is lost in the C processing
2, per mu yield 651.1kg, it is that E handles 8.0 ten thousand seedlings/667m that output occupies the 3rd
2, 650.0kg; The minimum A of output handles and loses 4.0 ten thousand seedlings/667m
2, secondly per mu yield 606.7kg is that 9.0 ten thousand seedlings/667m is lost in the F processing
2, per mu yield 615.6kg.
Table 10 paddy rice is lost the different basic seedling yield result statistical forms of seedling
4.2 variance analysis (see Table 11, table 12)
Show through variance analysis, between processing (
F=8.055＞
F 0.01=5.636) difference reaches utmost point significance level.Through multiple range test, handle D and treatments B, F, A difference and reach utmost point significance level; Processing D and processing C, E reach significance level, handle C and reach significance level with processing F, A, handle A and handle E to reach significance level; Between treatments B, C, the E between B, F, the A difference not remarkable.
Table 11 variance analysis table
Table 12 significance of difference is measured table (mean standard error: 0.315)
4.3, economic characters analysis (seeing Table 13)
From economic characters examination table, find out, successively decrease along with the increase paddy rice plant height of basic seedling, spike length, the real grain of fringe number, mature grain on the unit are, handle the 117.8cm of A plant height, spike length 25.5cm, 151.1 of the real grains of fringe, mature grain 92.2%; Handle F plant height 116.8cm; Spike length 23.1cm, several 129.1 of the real grain of fringe, mature grain 83.7%.Theoretical yield is handled the highest 699.4kg/667cm with D
2, secondly be that C handles 685.5kg/667cm
2, the minimum 637.3kg/667cm of A treatment theory output
2
Table 13 economic characters examination list position: cm, ten thousand seedlings/666m
2, grain, %, g, kg/667m
2
5, brief summary
Seedlings are lost the different basic seedling result of the tests of seedling and are shown in educating by the paddy rice drought.6 processing are handled with D and are lost 7.0 ten thousand seedling 667m
2Output is the highest, and per mu yield reaches 686.7kg, secondly is that 6.0 ten thousand seedlings/667m is lost in the C processing
2Per mu yield 651.1kg.A handles and loses 4.0 ten thousand caves/667m
2Output is minimum, per mu yield 606.7kg.According to current result of the test, seedlings were lost seedling and are lost 6-8 ten thousand basic seedlings with mu and be advisable during suggestion paddy rice drought was educated, and lost 7.0 ten thousand seedling the bests with mu.
Compared with prior art, the van-type that the present invention educates the paddy rice drought is lost the seedling technology and has been done further perfect, to leaf age, the railway carriage or compartment face width degree of losing the seedling rice shoot, lose seedling density and basic seedling has carried out preferably, the railway carriage or compartment face width degree that optimizes the seedling leaf that is suitable for losing seedling and be 4～7 leaves, 1 heart, Honda cultivation is 1.5～2.67m, lose that seedling density is lost 1.27～1.47 ten thousand caves for mu and mu is lost 6～80,000 basic seedlings, makes the paddy rice drought educate van-type and loses the seedling technology and be more suitable for applying.
Embodiment
Describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
1, seedling
1.1, the seedbed makes
Select that draining is good, fertile soil, leeward on the sunny side, water source nonirrigated farmland or a heatable brick bed winter (subterranean water level is below 1m) easily, the nursery soil optimum pH is between 4.5～5.5, the content of organic matter is more than 3%.The middle seedling of planting one mu of land for growing field crops is lost in cultivation needs ground, seedbed 15m
2～25 m
2, cultivate and lose the seedlings of planting one mu of land for growing field crops 25m with needing the seedbed
2～30m
2Select the fine day hack of ploughing, open the wide 1.3m in railway carriage or compartment, the high 10cm in railway carriage or compartment, hold the drain ditch all around successfully.
1.2, the seedbed fosters and apply fertilizer
Can select the following method seedbed of fostering and apply fertilizer:
(1) the straw method of fostering and apply fertilizer: during early autumn, every m
23kg～5kg such as long anosis worm cutted straw of 3cm～6cm or rape stalk are executed in the seedbed, tame animal manure 3kg, and superphosphate 200～250g evenly sneaks into after executing in 10cm～15cm soil layer, and adds an amount of natural pond liquid or clear liquid dung.
(2) the fertilizer method of fostering and apply fertilizer: during early autumn, every m
2The seedbed applies 10kg fertilizer and 200g superphosphate.
(3) face the training method: 25d before the sowing, every m
2Apply natural pond liquid natural pond slag or dense pig manure 10kg and 200g superphosphate, cover film is fostered and apply fertilizer bed native (forbidding to use not decomposed dung) then.Should advocate in the popularization and foster and apply fertilizer autumn, carry out fostering and apply fertilizer autumn, also can adopt and pile up the method for fostering and apply fertilizer and face the training method as failing because of reasons such as season, crops for rotation.
1.3, lid seed mud prepares
35d before the sowing presses 10m
2Block excrement, 1.5kg superphosphate and an amount of natural pond liquid or pig manure is fully mixed all with the thin loam of 180kg, 20kg～30kg are in small, broken bits, spray bactericide (as 600 times of aqueous solution of 70% fenaminosulf), pile up the epiphragma fermentation and macerate system, prepare to do seedbed face soil and cover with native.
1.4, acid adjustment, fertilising, sterilization
Medium for dry breeding of seedling bed is forbidden any alkaline fertilizer, as carbonic hydroammonium, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, burnt dust-ashes, ash, coal ash or the like, advocates and to educate nurse etc. with seedling strengthen agent, acid adjustment fertilizer, drought and carry out acid adjustment, fertilising, sterilization:
(1) fertilising: every m
2Apply ammonium sulfate 120g or ammonium nitrate 50g, superphosphate 150g potassium sulphate 30g, divide to apply mixing three times, make chemical fertilizer and the native full and uniform mixing of bed.As do not have sulphur ammonium and ammonium nitrate area, also can every m
2Use 40g urea, 15d uses before sowing.To lacking zinc black, purple soil and red soil, every m
2Enrich 7～10g zinc sulphate.
(2) acid adjustment: sowing time is daily below 10 ℃, and the pH value is lower than at 6.0 o'clock can not acid adjustment, and surpassing at 6.0 o'clock must carry out acid adjustment to bed soil.Day in sowing time, samming was stabilized in more than 10 ℃, and the pH value surpasses at 6.5 o'clock must carry out acid adjustment to bed soil.Acid-adjusting method has: concentrated sulfuric acid acid adjustment, every m before the sowing
2Convert into 200 times of aqueous solution with the 50ml90% industrial sulphuric acid, the pH value is reduced to about 4.5～5.5, during use, the concentrated sulfuric acid should be poured in the water lentamente and be diluted, or pour in an amount of fine earth, be made into sour soil and use, must be noted that safety; The Cosan acid adjustment, 20d carries out prior to seeding, the soil of pH value 6.5, every m
2Execute Cosan 100g, the pH value is 7 the 150g that executes, and evenly mixes after executing in the bed soil of 10cm, waters sufficient water; The superphosphate acid adjustment, the pH value is less than the every m of 6.5 soil
2200g～250g evenly applies in the seedbed soil with superphosphate.
(3) sterilization: earlier ready lid seed mud is sprinkling upon on the bed surface equably, waters then, make the native moisture of bed be in saturation state, sterilize with bactericide again.Bactericide should select for use current effective medicament collocation to use, to reduce the pesticide resistance of germ.Current based on fenaminosulf, Hymexazol-matulaxyl.The usage of fenaminosulf is: every m
2Be diluted to 600 times of aqueous solution with the fenaminosulf of 2.5g70% and evenly be sprayed on the soil and carry out disinfection, meet finely, the fenaminosulf consumption reduces by half.
(4) use kind of a clothing agent:, replace bed soil disinfection, acid adjustment fertilizer, as " drought is educated nurse " with cenospecies clothing agent bag kind.Before the dressing paddy rice kind was soaked 24～36 hours, pull seed rice out, drop removes excessive moisture.To plant the clothing agent then and pour (ratio in 1kg " drought is educated nurse " coated rice seed 3kg is carried out dressing) in the round bottom container into, and wrap 2/3rds of seed total amount earlier, the limit adds kind of limit stirs, and sieves after wrapping and takes out the seed rice of wrapping; Again other 1/3rd seeds are put into remaining kind clothing agent and carried out dressing.Want sowing in time behind the seed pelleting.
The seedbed should reach fertile, loose, thin, sour after treatment.
2, sowing
2.1, sowing time
The drought seedling day samming stable just can sow by time more than 10 ℃, day samming is stablized and just can be planted by 13 ℃～15 ℃.Concrete date of seeding, should be determined according to crops for rotation arrangement, weather and working condition, the breediness of locality.
2.2, seed treatment
Bask seeds according to a conventional method, choose seeds, sterilization and presoaking and germinating, bud length with half rice about long being advisable.As using " drought is educated nurse " dressing, after basking seeds, choosing seeds, do not carry out vernalization.
2.3 seeding quantity
Every m
2Seeding in nursery bed amount, seedling are 150g bud paddy (about 120g gulch), and middle seedling is 50g～100g bud paddy (about 40g～80g gulch), seedlings 30g～50g bud paddy (25g～40g gulch), and the length of time rice seedlings grow, long seeding quantity should be lacked.Use the every m of seed pelleting
2Seedling is the 120g gulch, and middle seedling is 40g～80g gulch, seedlings 25g～40g gulch.
2.4 deinsectization, sowing, earthing, epiphragma
2.4.1 deinsectization:, answer use of insecticide (as with 500 times of liquid～1000 times liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate) deinsectization in the many areas of soil soil insect.
2.4.2 water:, make the native moisture of bed be in saturation state with the clear water pouring.The pouring of forbidding liquid dung is in order to avoid seedling is burnt in fermentation.
2.4.3 sowing, earthing: bud paddy is evenly broadcast at bed surface by the railway carriage or compartment metering, will be planted bud paddy with film bag plank and gently be pressed into soil, cover seed with off-the-shelf lid seed mud again, cladding thickness is 0.6cm～1cm.
2.4.4 epiphragma: put up bow member behind the earthing immediately, sagitta 40cm～50cm is linked to be skeleton with rope at the arch center again, adds a cover mulch film on the bed surface, plastic film is covered again, and presses around the film with soil.The most handy nonwoven that economic condition is good covers on the bed surface adds a cover mulch film.In the cultivation, the seedling of seedlings droughts, in heat condition area preferably, can adopt flat coverlay or anosis stalk mode to cover.
2.4.5 prevent and kill off the plague of rats: the last week is placed the mouse medicine in case the plague of rats all around in the seedbed in sowing.
3, seedbed management after planting
3.1 management of weeds
In the cultivation, behind the seeding in nursery bed earthing of seedlings, use the weeding of non-irrigated seedling herbicides special, as every m
2Before converting water 0.15kg and spray bed with the 0.5g benthiocarb, the sealing weeding.
3.2 temperature treatment
Sowing is to emerging, the closed film insulation, and thermophilic is 30 ℃～32 ℃, when about 4cm place temperature is higher than 35 ℃ on the bed surface, opens two to lower the temperature; Emerge to three leaves wholeheartedly, thermophilic is 21 ℃, when being higher than 25 ℃, should be aeration-cooling; Three leaves wholeheartedly after, temperature in the shed remains on below 20 ℃, progressively takes off the film hardening round the clock.Bed surface is added a cover mulch film and is thrown off in Miao Qihou, in, take off film behind the Yu Miaoqi that covers of the flat coverlay of seedlings or stalk, take off stalk.
3.2 moisture management
Sowing keeps bed soil moistening, in order to neat seedling to emerging.Emerge to two leaves wholeheartedly, generally do not water, Ru Dishui does not irrigate, and can suitably water; Two leaves wholeheartedly to three leaves wholeheartedly, see seedling is suitable to water, keep bed soil moistening, the prevention bacterial wilt; Three leaves wholeheartedly after, the short root of control water does not have the globule as rice shoot morning, should in time water.Transplant water once the previous day permeable, in order to playing a seedling.
3.3 disease control
Emphasis is done a good job of it the control of damping off and seedling pest.One leaf is wholeheartedly the time, and the control of spray medicine is as every m
2Convert water 1.5kg with 70% fenaminosulf wetting powder 2.5g and be made into 600 times of aqueous solution and spray and prevent and treat damping off, meet finely, the fenaminosulf consumption reduces by half, and sprays the anti-poisoning of a small amount of clear water behind the spray medicine immediately; With tricyclazole control seedling pest.
3.4 pest control
Keypoint control damping off and rice straw Liriomyza.Control mole cricket, earthworm, ant are converted 1500 times of liquid pourings of water seedbed with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Control rice straw Liriomyza 667m
2With 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 75g water 50kg is sprayed.
3.5 topdress
Rice shoot two leaves are wholeheartedly the time, with acid or neutral fertilizer top dressing, as every m
2With ammonium nitrate 25g(or urea 25g) and superphosphate 40g convert water and water and execute, water the anti-fertilizer damage of clear water after executing immediately.Five leaves wholeheartedly about again nitrogen dressing or natural pond liquid once, every m
2Convert water with urea 25g and water and execute, water the anti-fertilizer damage of clear water after executing immediately.Imposed natural pond liquid or clear liquid dung later on every 4～5 days.Lose to plant to impose once to send with natural pond liquid or clear liquid dung in preceding 3～5 days and transfer fertilizer.
4, Honda cultivation
4.1 this Tagayasu Den is whole: generally require three ploughs, three rakes, tilling depth 16cm～20cm accomplishes that Tian Ping, mud rot, fertilizer is equal, water is shallow, holds the drain ditch successfully, is convenient to irrigation and drainage.
4.2 fertilising: fertilizer uses the regulation that should meet the NT/T496 standard.
Farmyard manure: execute the every 667m of well-rotted farmyard manure
2First-class fertility rice field 800kg～1000kg, medium fertility rice field 1000kg～1200kg.
Nitrogen phosphorus potassium total amount and ratio row: N:10kg～12kg, P
2O
5: 8kg～10kg, k
2O:11kg～16kg.N:P
2O
5: K
2O press 1:0.8～: 1.1～1.3.
Phosphate fertilizer: generally use superphosphate, all use as base manure.
Potash fertilizer: 60% makes base manure, and 40% makes ear manuer.
Nitrogenous fertilizer: base manure, tillering fertilizer (middle seedlings lose plant back 5d～7d impose tillering fertilizer), ear manuer (generally falling 5 leaves and 3 leaves that fall) ratio 35%～45%:10%～15%:20%～25%.
Siliceous fertilizer: acid rice field 667m
2Execute the 50kg siliceous fertilizer.
Zinc fertilizer: cold mashed field 667m
2Execute the 2kg zinc fertilizer.
Top dressing: every 667m
2Convert water 40kg～50kg respectively at beginning booting and pustulation period foliage-spray with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g～200g.
4.3 lose the seedling field production
Lose and plant requirement: rice shoot loses that to plant railway carriage or compartment, preceding rice field face smooth, and there is mud on the top layer, lose plant in the seedlings rice field depth of water be no more than 2cm.Avoid fine noon when losing seedling as far as possible and lose seedling, reduce and plant wound.Lose to plant and to pour water in back 5～7 days, should in time drain the water away as torrential rain.Lose the seedling that transplants seedlings and do not wash seedling without exception.
Lose and plant leaf age: leaf age is 4 leaves, 1 heart or 5 leaves, 1 heart.
The shovel seedling is lost and is planted: lose and plant preceding 3d～4d, every 667m
2Convert clearly liquid dung with urea 3kg～4kg and execute once " send and transfer fertilizer ".Lose to plant and to irrigate the seedbed with clear water the previous day, more than the seedling shovel belt soil 3cm.In time lose behind the shovel and plant, prohibit and lose seedling overnight.Remote transplanting also can be taked to pull seedling and be lost and plant.
Lose the mode of planting and density: take stay cord to beat the railway carriage or compartment, the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment stays 0.3m～0.4 m to do the aisle of fertilising insect protected between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment.Mu is lost 1.27～1.47 ten thousand caves, 6～80,000 basic seedlings.
5, Honda management
5.1 water starch management
Lose seedling in one week, keep existing muddy water, keep 2cm～3cm shallow water when executing tillering fertilizer, approach the moisture tiller.When rice shoot stem tiller number reaches target fringe about 85%, timely dry field control seedling.The dry field degree is stepped on the people and is not fallen into pin, and the field is played shank and split, rehydration when reaching this standard.Dry field should finish before 5 leaves.Jointing, fringe break up to blooming stage maintenance 2cm～3cm shallow water.Be in the milk to the maturing stage and carry out intermittent irrigation, the rice field is done wet, and 7d～10d cuts off the water supply dried before the results, can not cut off the water supply too early.
5.2 sick Chinese caterpillar fungus rat plague control
5.1 main disease control
Rice blast: lose medicate seedling root when planting (soak seedling 3min～5min as 500 times～700 times liquid of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, pile vexed 30min).Find that the leaf pest incidence of disease reaches at 5% o'clock seedling stage,, prevent and treat once in cut phase and each with medicament spraying of full heading time to the timely medication spraying of morbidity field piece control.
Banded sclerotial blight:, carry out chemical control at the late tillering state clump incidence of disease 5% and during jointing sequela rate 15%.Convert water 60kg～75kg control of spraying as 667m2 with the 250g jinggangmeisu; Or spray with 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin wetting powder.
5.2 main pest control
Rice fulgorid control: timely medication control when 1000 of per hundred Cong Da in field.Convert water 50kg spraying or add water 50kg with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 10g～15g as every 667m2 and spray with buprofezin wettable powder 25g～30g of 25%.
The rice leaf roller control: third-instar larvae is the control of medication in time before the phase.As 667 m
2Convert water 50kg～60kg spraying with 18% dimehypo water solution 200g.
The striped rice borer control: withered sheath rate reaches at 5% o'clock, medication control dead ears and insect bite strain.As per 667 m
2Dimehypo water solution 200g with 18% converts water 50kg～60kg spraying.
5.3 prevention and control of weeds
Lose behind the seedling about 7～10d with the happy weed killer herbicide weeding in rice field, as every 667m
2With 70% careless Ex-all 70g～80g mixing,, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in the rice field with thin humid soil or urea 5kg mixing.Keep the shallow water 7d of about 3cm～5cm during dispenser, can not flood the paddy rice lobus cardiacus.When rice shoot was thin and delicate, spraying time should suitably postpone.
5.4 rat plague control
At plague of rats occurrence in peak period,,, adopt Poison bait station to throw in the poison bait method and prevent and treat as 0.005% Bromadiolone poison bait, 0.005% Brodifacoum poison bait earlier with efficient, low toxicity anti-coagulant rodenticide.Poison bait station can be made of thick bamboo tube or pvc pipe material material, by every 667m
2Place 1 of Poison bait station, poison bait 20～30g is put into the base middle part, ear inserts ridge with the iron wire foot rest down, and Poison bait station is 3cm overhead, deposits for a long time and executes.
Claims (4)
1. the seedlings van-type was lost the seedling cultivation method during the paddy rice drought was educated, and it is characterized in that:
(1) seedling: select the seedbed, hack, open the wide 1.3～1.5m of being in railway carriage or compartment, the high 10cm of being in railway carriage or compartment, stay the wide fertilising insect protected aisle of 30cm between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment, hold the drain ditch all around successfully, foster and apply fertilizer, be in saturation state with clear water pouring to the native moisture of bed,, cover epiphragma behind the lid seed mud of 0.6～1cm at day every square meter seeding in nursery bed 25～40g gulch when samming is more than 10 ℃, carry out seedbed management afterwards, when rice shoot grows to 4～7 leaves, 1 heart, can be used for losing the seedling cultivation;
(2) Honda cultivation: Honda deep ploughing, fertilising, lose and plant preceding 3～4 days, every mu of Honda is converted clearly liquid dung with 3～4kg urea and is executed disposable fertilizer, lose to plant and irrigate the seedling seedbed with clear water the previous day, more than the seedling shovel belt soil 3cm, Honda takes stay cord to beat the railway carriage or compartment, wide 2～the 2.67m in railway carriage or compartment, stay the fertilising insect protected aisle of 0.3～0.4m between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment, mu is lost 1.27～1.47 ten thousand caves, 6～80,000 basic seedlings, carries out conventional Honda management afterwards.
2. the seedlings van-type is lost the seedling cultivation method in educating according to the described paddy rice drought of claim 1, and it is characterized in that: nursery soil pH value is 4.5～5.5, and the content of organic matter is more than 3%.
3. the seedlings van-type is lost the seedling cultivation method in educating according to the described paddy rice drought of claim 1, it is characterized in that: Honda is beaten the wide 2m of being in railway carriage or compartment in railway carriage or compartment.
4. the seedlings van-type is lost the seedling cultivation method in educating according to the described paddy rice drought of claim 1, it is characterized in that: be used to lose when rice shoot grows to 4～5 leaves, 1 heart and plant rice oil two mature fields.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102860205A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Van-type no-tillage improved high-yield cultivation method of cold mud field |
| CN104206240A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-17 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Rice seedling raising method for rice seedling transplantation of soilless straw substrate rice seedling transplanter |
| CN105145216A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 南丹兴农科技有限公司 | Paddy rice broadcasting method |
| CN105981621A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-10-05 | 韦军龙 | Early-rice dry seedling raising method |
| CN106561369A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 陈海林 | Selenium rich paddy rice planting method |
| CN107347540A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-17 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of saving water, resisting drought type rice is without plate method of raising seedling |
| CN107593068A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-19 | 防城港市奥氏蓝科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield in dry land planting technology of rice |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102860205A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Van-type no-tillage improved high-yield cultivation method of cold mud field |
| CN104206240A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-17 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Rice seedling raising method for rice seedling transplantation of soilless straw substrate rice seedling transplanter |
| CN105981621A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-10-05 | 韦军龙 | Early-rice dry seedling raising method |
| CN105145216A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 南丹兴农科技有限公司 | Paddy rice broadcasting method |
| CN106561369A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 陈海林 | Selenium rich paddy rice planting method |
| CN107347540A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-17 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of saving water, resisting drought type rice is without plate method of raising seedling |
| CN107593068A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-19 | 防城港市奥氏蓝科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield in dry land planting technology of rice |
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Application publication date: 20110810 |