CN101129123A - Cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice - Google Patents
Cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN101129123A CN101129123A CNA2007100561078A CN200710056107A CN101129123A CN 101129123 A CN101129123 A CN 101129123A CN A2007100561078 A CNA2007100561078 A CN A2007100561078A CN 200710056107 A CN200710056107 A CN 200710056107A CN 101129123 A CN101129123 A CN 101129123A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synthetic cultivating method of cold resistant high-yield rice in the crop cultivation in the agricultural technical domain, which is characterized by the following: selecting the kind and moulding disc standard; preparing sowing; sowing; managing seed bed; grading the field; transplanting rice; fertilizing; managing water; preventing pest; harvesting; switching winter resistant potential of rice itself to prevent low-temperature damage; fitting for ventilating and transmitting for rice group; improving the optical utility and water temperature and soil temperature; resisting cold of entire ecological system of rice; improving the productivity by 27. 6%-35. 5% in comparison with common cultivation after comparing the result in 2004, 2005 and 2006.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technical field, relate to cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice.
Background technology
The area, three rivers of the Yan Biandiqu in Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province is positioned at the east of China, belong to cold rice workspace, Rice Production is except that suffering the cool-summer damage due to delayed growth influence to some extent, the also influence that damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature by obstacle, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and take place the time, the influenced scope of Rice Production is wide, the output fall is big, paddy rice cold resistant high-production synthetic culture technique is a key technology with super thin planting cultivation exactly, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature the generation time paddy rice underproduction at solution, the significant problem of the reduction of income proposes, the characteristics of this technology are: mould the light seeding of alms bowl dish with letter, it is prerequisite that drought is educated strong seedling, with band tiller thin planting is core, attack big fringe, increase grain-weight is a target, by supporting comprehensive management technology measure, excavate the productive potential of paddy rice self, strengthen the anti-ability that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, realize the stable yields of Rice Production, high yield, culture technique efficiently, adopt this technology, paddy rice hectare output generally can reach more than the 7000kg.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on pests occurrence rule that cold rice workspace cool-summer damage due to delayed growth and obstacle damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and the influence that Rice Production is caused, according to the owned adverse-resistant characteristic of paddy rice, take capable control technique measure, for the paddy rice of cold rice workspace is built the good condition of growing, promote it to grow, the purpose of this invention is to provide cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice.
Step of the present invention and condition are as follows:
One, kind is selected
Select high yield, high-quality, the strong stress resistance of country's authorization for use, cold-resistant, the inclined to one side large spike in early 3～5 days local maturing stage, the rice varieties that tillering ability is medium or first-class, seed will be up to state standards GB4404-84 " foodstuff seed " more than the secondary, seed purity 98%, physical purity of seed 97%, percentage of seedgermination is more than 90%, potentiality of seed is more than 80%, and seed moisture content is no more than 14.5%, and the kind that is fit to above-mentioned area has: in ripe district 88-7, nine rice close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 20 ripe phases; Mid-early maturity district nine rice 16, prolong close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 304 ripe phases; Precocious district prolongs round-grained rice 19, Hejiang's close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 21 ripe phases; Perhaps, extremely early mature district dragon round-grained rice 8, on educate close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 97 ripe phases.
Two, grow seedlings and mould the dish specification with letter and select
Recommending to use the soil loading amount in 434 holes is that 5 letters that restrain are moulded dish or used the letter in 352 holes to mould dish.
Three, sowing is prepared and sowing
1, ground, seedbed is selected and the preparation of canopy chamber
Should select the seedbed that physical features is smooth, subterranean water level is low, draining is good, leeward on the sunny side, water power easily dry land ground or garden for well, for buffer capacity and the ventilation hardening that improves temperature, adopt big-and-middle-sized skirt canopy canopy chamber, so that guarantee early stage ventilation hardening, button canopy time region of no relief was 3 the end of month, before upper level is April 5, the mountain area will be finished before April 10, in order to detain canopy on time, must carry out inserting the frame hole in the fall, plug straw, so that next year is stand button canopy on time, per hectare institute must seedbed area 60～80m
2The button canopy time also should carry out at balance at the latest in preceding 7 days, selecting soil loading amount for use is that about 300～400 on dish is moulded in the above letter of 5g, every square metre needs with 0.2kg nutrition soil, 30% nutrition soil is executed on bed soil, ploughed, flatten after stirring, the degree of depth is about 5cm, to prevent to burn seedling, fully water then.
2, seed treatment
1. bask seeds
Select fine warm weather, tedded seed rice on the ground 2～3 days, stirred once in per 3～4 hours when basking seeds,, need kind of amount to be per hectare 10～15kg so that improve activity and the germination vigor and the germination rate of seed endoenzyme at drying bed.
2. sort seed by salt water
In 15kg warm water,, produce proportion and be 1: 13 solution with salt 3.75kg, then with after the airing and the seed that screens out grass-seed pour in the saline solution, stir, fish for full seed after discarding the blighted grain on upper strata, dry in the shade with after the flushing with clean water 2～3 times, so that improve emergence rate.
3. seed disinfection and seed soaking
In 50kg water, put into 901 wetting powders or and soak clever wetting powder 1 bag, then abundant stirring is made into disinfectant and is used for the sterilization seed soaking, during seed soaking, stirs every day 1～2 time, soaked seed 6～7 days under seed soaking 5 days or 15 ℃ of conditions under 20 ℃ of conditions, must make final seed soaking accumulated temperature reach 100 ℃.
4. presprouting of seeds
Absorb about 30% moisture at sterilization seed soaking stage seed, seed begins brokenly chest in water, in time pull the seed plastic sack of packing into out, be placed on the temperature that is covered with straw and be on 30～32 ℃ the heatable adobe sleeping platform or in the special-purpose vernalization equipment, seed thickness must not surpass 15cm, cover article such as woollen blanket or gunnysack then and make seed temperature unanimity up and down, stir every day 3～4 times, prevent the local too high generation burning bud phenomenon of temperature, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, place it in shady and cool place, its cold tolerance is tamed, sowing when daily mean temperature is stablized by 5 ℃.
3, dish soil cooperates
Dish soil is selected dry land soil, paddy soils or the silt soil of vegetable garden soil, slaking, should not fetch earth in the field that wild grass ground and this season sprayed weed killer herbicide, carry out hack, sieve, mix fertilizer, formation pH is 5～6 nutrition soil, cultivate the per hectare land for growing field crops and need prepare enough 1.5 tons in nutrition soil with seedling, will coil soil and evenly stir with nutrition soil, dish soil is 1: 0.7 with the weight ratio of nutrition soil,, then the composite soil that obtains is covered Polypropylence Sheet and concentrates heap vexed standby.
4, sowing
1. sowing time
5-April 15 April, in the stable sowing during by 5 ℃ of daily mean temperature, with the length of time rice seedlings grow that guarantees the flat area be 50 days, upper level is 45 days, the mountain area is 40 days.
2. type of seeding and balance
In order to ensure standardization seedling quality, guarantee that sowing evenly, it is neat to emerge, should adopt machinery or half mechanical planting method, at first with the composite soil for preparing, then seed evenly is pushed into letter and moulds in the dish during sowing, make every alms bowl enter 2～3 in seed, after planting want earthing, thickness 0.3～0.5cm does not inquire for bud paddy, preceding 1 day of balance, pave bed soil, and make the native moisture of the bed state that reaches capacity, and press down with plate during balance, 2/3 of alms bowl body is imbedded in the soil, accomplish to coil with bed soil and combine closely, after the sowing balance finishes, fully water, seal weeding with sealers such as seedling grass spirits at last.
Four, seedbed management
1. will often observe temperature and moisture before emerging, if water deficient will in time be replenished, temperature will be controlled at below 35 ℃, and to prevent to burn bud, it is neat to accomplish to emerge.
2. strengthening the needle phase to 2 management of leaf between the phase, is the needle phase when emerging more than 80%, carry out the ventilation hardening, and temperature should be controlled at below 25 ℃, and moisture is wanted suitably, to prevent excessive growth.
3. the 3 leaf phases of carrying out are to the preceding management of rice transplanting
To 3 leaf phases, increase along with leaf area, requirement to moisture increases, and waters the water yield so will suitably strengthen, in principle, once watering more, avoid repeatedly watering less, standard is at blade tip the globule to be arranged early morning, in order to adapt to outside air temperature, the hardening of should ventilating double tides, for educating strong seedling,, spray growth regulator in 2.5 leaf phases and 4 leaf phases, preceding 2 days of rice transplanting, every square metre is watered and executes the liquid fertilizer that the 50g diammonium phosphate is converted 2kg water, waters clear water then and washes the blade face, transfers fertilizer as sending, spray 500 times of flolimats simultaneously, prevent to transplant the generation of back Liriomyza.
Five, the whole ground of Honda
1. in order to prevent cool-summer damage due to impotency, increase the ridge, pond 30cm.
2. smooth rice field: require canal system supporting, irrigation and drainage are unimpeded, lattice field rectangle, and field face difference of height must not surpass 5cm.
3. turn over and rake the soil level: turn over and drought rake based on the autumn, the autumn turns over and reduces to 30% at soil content and carry out when following, the degree of depth 20～25cm, and the spring turns over before April 25 and has turned over, and the degree of depth 12～15cm does not balk, and does not lose the limit, transplants and ground is harrowed carefully strickling in preceding 1～2 day.
Six, rice transplanting
1. determine the rice transplanting date: beginning on May 20, be all over to 5 the end of month, do not insert the seedling in June.
2. which kind of method no matter rice transplanting method and row take to available artificial and machine rice transplantation, on the south-north or southwest-northeast row be to the most desirable, help ventilation and penetrating light, improve utility rate of luminous energy, can improve water temperature and soil temperature simultaneously, thereby improve the ability that paddy ecosystem integral body is resisted cold damage.
3. standard density of transplants: the region of no relief is generally wide row space 50cm, little line-spacing 30cm, and spacing in the rows 20cm, the husky unfertile land of region of no relief, cold slurry ground and upper level are generally wide row space 50cm, little line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm or wide row space 40cm, little line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm; The general distance between rows and hills of the husky unfertile land of upper level and mountain area is 30 * 20cm; The high and cold mountain area distance between rows and hills is advisable with 30 * 13.3cm, or distance between rows and hills is 30 * 20cm.
Seven, Honda fertilising
Follow the fertilization principle of preceding control, mesopodium, back guarantor's nitrogenous fertilizer and increasing the p application rate and potash fertilizer:
1. calculate total fertilization amount: suitably adjust fertilizing amount according to local soil, weather, kind condition, but total requirement is: execute the farmyard manure 10～20m that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed in per hectare
3Under the prerequisite, the chemical fertilizer total amount should be controlled at purity nitrogen 105～125kg, is no more than 135kg at most; Pure phosphorus 50～70kg; In pure potassium 60～90kg scope.
2. determine the base fertilizer consumption: cold rice workspace should reduce the amount of application of base fertilizer, advocates and execute the farmyard manure 10～20m that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed before turning over
3The basis on, apply again annual total nitrogenous fertilizer 30%, 2/3 and whole phosphate fertilizer of annual total potash fertilizer amount, must be in conjunction with disposable the applying of ploughing, for cold slurry, the lime that per hectare is executed 1000kg before ploughing is advisable.
3. execute the fertilizer of tillering ingeniously: transplant in back 7 days and carry out, soil property is good does not generally execute tillering fertilizer, husky unfertile land or soil property difference, can execute 5～10% of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.
4. in time mend fertilise: transplant the back and mended fertilise in 25～30 days, the place that soil property is good is looked its situation of tillering and is executed 30～40% of annual nitrogen pool.
The diagnosis index of determining supplementary fertilizer period is as follows:
1, after the rice transplanting 24-26 days, investigates the average stem number in every cave, when mean does not reach 15, carry out supplementary fertilizer.
When 2, the average stem number in every cave reaches 15, postpone and carried out supplementary fertilizer in 5 days.
3, investigated the average stem number in every cave in 30 days after the rice transplanting, when mean surpasses 15, postpone and carried out supplementary fertilizer in 5 days.
5. ear manuer for the first time: paddy rice goes out before the fringe to carry out in 19-21 days, when second leaf in top exposes 0.5 leaf, imposes 15% and remaining 1/3 potash fertilizer of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.
6. ear manuer for the second time: paddy rice goes out before the fringe to carry out in 8-10 days, and reduction division just period, at this moment top all sprouts substantially, imposes 10% of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, but will suitably reconcile according to the paddy rice appearance, if the strain number is few, when the leaf look shallow, should apply fertilizer immediately; The strain number is many, the leaf color depth, and weather is bad will postpone several days, apply fertilizer after going out fringe, as too much because of the nitrogenous fertilizer amount of executing, when foxiness appears in blade, can not apply fertilizer.
7. granulated fertilizer: after paddy rice 80% goes out fringe,, execute remaining 5% nitrogenous fertilizer in order to increase thousand kernel weight.
8. other fertilising: for cold slurry ground, per hectare is executed sulfuric acid zinc fertilizer 15kg, and tillering stage and booting stage can be executed growth regulators such as legendary god of farming's liquid, to increase cold resistance, premature ripening.
Eight, Honda water management
The optimum temperature of rice tillering is 28～31 ℃, be lower than 18 ℃ and can not tiller, the position of rice tillering is 2.5～3cm place below table soil generally, and the factor of most critical is water temperature and soil temperature because influence is tillered, in order to improve water temperature and soil temperature is answered shallow irrigation tillering stage, the depth of water must not surpass 3cm.
The Rice Production of cold rice workspace all suffers cool-summer damage due to impotency every year to some extent, and therefore, the young fringe formation 5～10 July begins to add gradually profundal zone period, must reach more than the 20cm to meiosis stage, stops stage of yellow ripeness pouring water.
Nine, disease pest and weed is prevented and kill off
1, initiatively prevents and treats rice disease
The main disease of paddy rice has rice blast, false smut, banded sclerotial blight or damping off, and the better medicament that adopts in the control is the fungus poison star, and hectare consumption 375ml to 3000 times of foliar sprays of water, sprays 1 time booting stage.
2, keypoint control rice insect pest
Main rice grub has rice-stem borer, Oulema oryzae or paddy rice Liriomyza, adopts biopesticide Soviet Union to get profit in pest control, and 6000 milliliters of hectare consumptions are to 200 times in water, at foliar spray on July 7～10.
3, integrated control paddy rice crop smothering
Paddy land weed group mostly is grass family, sedge weed and broad leaved weed and deposits, some chemical pesticide preventive effects are not good and have a strong impact on rice quality, through evidence, giving birth to green gold hoe wetting powder can use in the pollution-free food Rice Production, this medicament has broad weed-killing spectrum, no residual hazard, pollution-free, characteristics that preventive effect is good, can be at Honda barnyard grass grass 1～2 leaf, hectare consumption 900g converted water 750kg spraying when convexutricle sedge herb 30cm was high, can obtain favorable effect, and rice quality do not had influence.
Ten, results
Results: yellow maturity is gathered in the crops latter stage in good time.
Beneficial effect: adopt method of the present invention, step and condition, at the Antu County of the Chinese Yan Biandiqu of Jilin Province (test area 1hm
2) and Tong Jiang county (the test area 0.8hm in area, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province
2) test, these two counties can represent cold rice workspace fully on Rice Production, result of the test proves, method of the present invention is fully feasible in these two counties, 2004, result of the test in 2005 and 2,006 three, cold-resistant cultivation of the present invention improves 27.6%-35.5% than the output of common cultivation.
Embodiment
Application example: adopt method of the present invention, step and condition, at the Antu County of the Chinese Yan Biandiqu of Jilin Province (test area 1hm
2) and Tong Jiang county (the test area 0.8hm in area, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province
2) test, these two counties can represent cold rice workspace fully on Rice Production, and result of the test proves that method of the present invention is fully feasible in these two counties, and result of the test in 2004,2005 and 2,006 three sees Table 1,
Table 1. cold-resistant cultivation of the present invention and common cultivation production ratio are
| Time | The place | Cold-resistant cultivation amount (kg/hm 2) | Common cultivation amount (kg/hm 2) | Cold-resistant cultivation increases (%) than common cultivation |
| 2004 | The Antu | 7611 | 5872 | 29.6 |
| Same river | 7303 | 5723 | 27.6 | |
| 2005 | The Antu | 7421 | 5461 | 35.5 |
| Same river | 7013 | 5477 | 34.1 | |
| 2006 | The Antu | 6923 | 5194 | 33.3 |
| Same river | 6619 | 5095 | 29.9 |
Claims (1)
1. cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice is characterized in that, step and condition are as follows:
One, kind is selected
Select high yield, high-quality, the strong stress resistance of country's authorization for use, cold-resistant, the inclined to one side large spike in early 3～5 days local maturing stage, the rice varieties that tillering ability is medium or first-class, seed will be up to state standards GB4404-84 " foodstuff seed " more than the secondary, seed purity 98%, physical purity of seed 97%, percentage of seedgermination is more than 90%, potentiality of seed is more than 80%, and seed moisture content is no more than 14.5%, and the kind that is fit to above-mentioned area has: in ripe district 88-7, nine rice close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 20 ripe phases; Mid-early maturity district nine rice 16, prolong close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 304 ripe phases; Precocious district prolongs round-grained rice 19, Hejiang's close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 21 ripe phases; Perhaps, extremely early mature district dragon round-grained rice 8, on educate close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 97 ripe phases;
Two, grow seedlings and mould the dish specification with letter and select
Recommending to use the soil loading amount in 434 holes is that 5 letters that restrain are moulded dish or used the letter in 352 holes to mould dish;
Three, sowing is prepared and sowing
1), ground, seedbed is selected and the preparation of canopy chamber
Should select the seedbed that physical features is smooth, subterranean water level is low, draining is good, leeward on the sunny side, water power easily dry land ground or garden for well, for buffer capacity and the ventilation hardening that improves temperature, adopt big-and-middle-sized skirt canopy canopy chamber, so that guarantee early stage ventilation hardening, button canopy time region of no relief was 3 the end of month, before upper level is April 5, the mountain area will be finished before April 10, in order to detain canopy on time, must carry out inserting the frame hole in the fall, plug straw, so that next year is stand button canopy on time, per hectare institute must seedbed area 60～80m
2The button canopy time also should carry out at balance at the latest in preceding 7 days, selecting soil loading amount for use is that about 300～400 on dish is moulded in the above letter of 5g, every square metre needs with 0.2kg nutrition soil, 30% nutrition soil is executed on bed soil, ploughed, flatten after stirring, the degree of depth is about 5cm, to prevent to burn seedling, fully water then;
2), seed treatment
1. bask seeds
Select fine warm weather, tedded seed rice on the ground 2～3 days, stirred once in per 3～4 hours when basking seeds,, need kind of amount to be per hectare 10～15kg so that improve activity and the germination vigor and the germination rate of seed endoenzyme at drying bed;
2. sort seed by salt water
In 15kg warm water,, produce proportion and be 1: 13 solution with salt 3.75kg, then with after the airing and the seed that screens out grass-seed pour in the saline solution, stir, fish for full seed after discarding the blighted grain on upper strata, dry in the shade with after the flushing with clean water 2～3 times, so that improve emergence rate;
3. seed disinfection and seed soaking
In 50kg water, put into 901 wetting powders or and soak clever wetting powder 1 bag, then abundant stirring is made into disinfectant and is used for the sterilization seed soaking, during seed soaking, stirs every day 1～2 time, soaked seed 6～7 days under seed soaking 5 days or 15 ℃ of conditions under 20 ℃ of conditions, must make final seed soaking accumulated temperature reach 100 ℃;
4. presprouting of seeds
Absorb about 30% moisture at sterilization seed soaking stage seed, seed begins brokenly chest in water, in time pull the seed plastic sack of packing into out, be placed on the temperature that is covered with straw and be on 30～32 ℃ the heatable adobe sleeping platform or in the special-purpose vernalization equipment, seed thickness must not surpass 15cm, cover article such as woollen blanket or gunnysack then and make seed temperature unanimity up and down, stir every day 3～4 times, prevent the local too high generation burning bud phenomenon of temperature, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, place it in shady and cool place, its cold tolerance is tamed, sowing when daily mean temperature is stablized by 5 ℃;
3), dish soil cooperates
Dish soil is selected dry land soil, paddy soils or the silt soil of vegetable garden soil, slaking, should not fetch earth in the field that wild grass ground and this season sprayed weed killer herbicide, carry out hack, sieve, mix fertilizer, formation pH is 5～6 nutrition soil, cultivate the per hectare land for growing field crops and need prepare enough 1.5 tons in nutrition soil with seedling, will coil soil and evenly stir with nutrition soil, dish soil is 1: 0.7 with the weight ratio of nutrition soil,, then the composite soil that obtains is covered Polypropylence Sheet and concentrates heap vexed standby;
4), sowing
1. sowing time
5-April 15 April, in the stable sowing during by 5 ℃ of daily mean temperature, with the length of time rice seedlings grow that guarantees the flat area be 50 days, upper level is 45 days, the mountain area is 40 days;
2. type of seeding and balance
In order to ensure standardization seedling quality, guarantee that sowing evenly, it is neat to emerge, should adopt machinery or half mechanical planting method, at first with the composite soil for preparing, then seed evenly is pushed into letter and moulds in the dish during sowing, make every alms bowl enter 2～3 in seed, after planting want earthing, thickness 0.3～0.5cm does not inquire for bud paddy, preceding 1 day of balance, pave bed soil, and make the native moisture of the bed state that reaches capacity, and press down with plate during balance, 2/3 of alms bowl body is imbedded in the soil, accomplish to coil with bed soil and combine closely, after the sowing balance finishes, fully water, seal weeding with sealers such as seedling grass spirits at last;
Four, seedbed management
1. will often observe temperature and moisture before emerging, if water deficient will in time be replenished, temperature will be controlled at below 35 ℃, and to prevent to burn bud, it is neat to accomplish to emerge;
2. strengthening the needle phase to 2 management of leaf between the phase, is the needle phase when emerging more than 80%, carry out the ventilation hardening, and temperature should be controlled at below 25 ℃, and moisture is wanted suitably, to prevent excessive growth;
3. the 3 leaf phases of carrying out are to the preceding management of rice transplanting
To 3 leaf phases, increase along with leaf area, requirement to moisture increases, and waters the water yield so will suitably strengthen, in principle, once watering more, avoid repeatedly watering less, standard is at blade tip the globule to be arranged early morning, in order to adapt to outside air temperature, the hardening of should ventilating double tides, for educating strong seedling,, spray growth regulator in 2.5 leaf phases and 4 leaf phases, preceding 2 days of rice transplanting, every square metre is watered and executes the liquid fertilizer that the 50g diammonium phosphate is converted 2kg water, waters clear water then and washes the blade face, transfers fertilizer as sending, spray 500 times of flolimats simultaneously, prevent to transplant the generation of back Liriomyza;
Five, the whole ground of Honda
1. in order to prevent cool-summer damage due to impotency, increase the ridge, pond 30cm;
2. smooth rice field: require canal system supporting, irrigation and drainage are unimpeded, lattice field rectangle, and field face difference of height must not surpass 5cm;
3. turn over and rake the soil level: turn over and drought rake based on the autumn, the autumn turns over and reduces to 30% at soil content and carry out when following, the degree of depth 20～25cm, and the spring turns over before April 25 and has turned over, and the degree of depth 12～15cm does not balk, and does not lose the limit, transplants and ground is harrowed carefully strickling in preceding 1～2 day;
Six, rice transplanting
1. determine the rice transplanting date: beginning on May 20, be all over to 5 the end of month, do not insert the seedling in June;
2. which kind of method no matter rice transplanting method and row take to available artificial and machine rice transplantation, on the south-north or southwest-northeast row be to the most desirable, help ventilation and penetrating light, improve utility rate of luminous energy, can improve water temperature and soil temperature simultaneously, thereby improve the ability that paddy ecosystem integral body is resisted cold damage;
3. standard density of transplants: the region of no relief is generally wide row space 50cm, little line-spacing 30cm, and spacing in the rows 20cm, the husky unfertile land of region of no relief, cold slurry ground and upper level are generally wide row space 50cm, little line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm or wide row space 40cm, little line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm; The general distance between rows and hills of the husky unfertile land of upper level and mountain area is 30 * 20cm; The high and cold mountain area distance between rows and hills is advisable with 30 * 13.3cm, or distance between rows and hills is 30 * 20cm;
Seven, Honda fertilising
Follow the fertilization principle of preceding control, mesopodium, back guarantor's nitrogenous fertilizer and increasing the p application rate and potash fertilizer:
1. calculate total fertilization amount: suitably adjust fertilizing amount according to local soil, weather, kind condition, but total requirement is: execute the farmyard manure 10～20m that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed in per hectare
3Under the prerequisite, the chemical fertilizer total amount should be controlled at purity nitrogen 105～125kg, is no more than 135kg at most; Pure phosphorus 50～70kg; In pure potassium 60～90kg scope;
2. determine the base fertilizer consumption: cold rice workspace should reduce the amount of application of base fertilizer, advocates and execute the farmyard manure 10～20m that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed before turning over
3The basis on, apply again annual total nitrogenous fertilizer 30%, 2/3 and whole phosphate fertilizer of annual total potash fertilizer amount, must be in conjunction with disposable the applying of ploughing, for cold slurry, the lime that per hectare is executed 1000kg before ploughing is advisable;
3. execute the fertilizer of tillering ingeniously: transplant in back 7 days and carry out, soil property is good does not generally execute tillering fertilizer, husky unfertile land or soil property difference, can execute 5～10% of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer;
4. in time mend fertilise: transplant the back and mended fertilise in 25～30 days, the place that soil property is good is looked its situation of tillering and is executed 30～40% of annual nitrogen pool;
The diagnosis index of determining supplementary fertilizer period is as follows:
1, after the rice transplanting 24-26 days, investigates the average stem number in every cave, when mean does not reach 15, carry out supplementary fertilizer;
When 2, the average stem number in every cave reaches 15, postpone and carried out supplementary fertilizer in 5 days;
3, investigated the average stem number in every cave in 30 days after the rice transplanting, when mean surpasses 15, postpone and carried out supplementary fertilizer in 5 days;
5. ear manuer for the first time: paddy rice goes out before the fringe to carry out in 19-21 days, when second leaf in top exposes 0.5 leaf, imposes 15% and remaining 1/3 potash fertilizer of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer;
6. ear manuer for the second time: paddy rice goes out before the fringe to carry out in 8-10 days, and reduction division just period, at this moment top all sprouts substantially, imposes 10% of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, but will suitably reconcile according to the paddy rice appearance, if the strain number is few, when the leaf look shallow, should apply fertilizer immediately; The strain number is many, the leaf color depth, and weather is bad will postpone several days, apply fertilizer after going out fringe, as too much because of the nitrogenous fertilizer amount of executing, when foxiness appears in blade, can not apply fertilizer;
7. granulated fertilizer: after paddy rice 80% goes out fringe,, execute remaining 5% nitrogenous fertilizer in order to increase thousand kernel weight,
8. other fertilising: for cold slurry ground, per hectare is executed sulfuric acid zinc fertilizer 15kg, and tillering stage and booting stage can be executed growth regulators such as legendary god of farming's liquid, to increase cold resistance, premature ripening;
Eight, Honda water management
The optimum temperature of rice tillering is 28～31 ℃, be lower than 18 ℃ and can not tiller, the position of rice tillering is 2.5～3cm place below table soil generally, and the factor of most critical is water temperature and soil temperature because influence is tillered, in order to improve water temperature and soil temperature is answered shallow irrigation tillering stage, the depth of water must not surpass 3cm;
The Rice Production of cold rice workspace all suffers cool-summer damage due to impotency every year to some extent, and therefore, the young fringe formation 5～10 July begins to add gradually profundal zone period, must reach more than the 20cm to meiosis stage, stops stage of yellow ripeness pouring water;
Nine, disease pest and weed is prevented and kill off
1, initiatively prevents and treats rice disease
The main disease of paddy rice has rice blast, false smut, banded sclerotial blight or damping off, and the better medicament that adopts in the control is the fungus poison star, and hectare consumption 375ml to 3000 times of foliar sprays of water, sprays 1 time booting stage;
2, keypoint control rice insect pest
Main rice grub has rice-stem borer, Oulema oryzae or paddy rice Liriomyza, adopts biopesticide Soviet Union to get profit in pest control, and 6000 milliliters of hectare consumptions are to 200 times in water, at foliar spray on July 7～10;
3, integrated control paddy rice crop smothering
Paddy land weed group mostly is grass family, sedge weed and broad leaved weed and deposits, some chemical pesticide preventive effects are not good and have a strong impact on rice quality, through evidence, giving birth to green gold hoe wetting powder can use in the pollution-free food Rice Production, this medicament has broad weed-killing spectrum, no residual hazard, pollution-free, characteristics that preventive effect is good, can be at Honda barnyard grass grass 1～2 leaf, hectare consumption 900g converted water 750kg spraying when convexutricle sedge herb 30cm was high, can obtain favorable effect, and rice quality do not had influence;
Ten, results
Results: yellow maturity is gathered in the crops latter stage in good time.
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