CN101129123A - Comprehensive Cultivation Method for Cold Resistance and High Yield of Rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to crop cultivation in the field of agricultural technology, and is a comprehensive cultivation method for cold resistance and high yield of rice. Variety selection; simple plastic tray specification selection; sowing preparation and sowing; seedbed management; Honda soil preparation; rice transplanting; Honda fertilization; For comprehensive application, the key point is to mobilize the cold-resistant potential of rice itself to resist the harm of low temperature. At the same time, the key technology of the present invention is conducive to the ventilation and light transmission of rice groups, improving the utilization rate of light energy, and can also increase the water temperature and soil temperature, thereby improving the rice field. The overall ability of the ecosystem to resist cold damage achieves the goal of high cold resistance in rice production. The test results in 2004, 2005 and 2006 prove that the cold resistance cultivation of the present invention increases the yield by 27.6%-35.5% compared with ordinary cultivation.

Description

Comprehensive Cultivation Method for Cold Resistance and High Yield of Rice

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and relates to a comprehensive cultivation method for cold resistance and high yield of rice.

Background technique

The Yanbian region of Jilin Province and the Sanjiang region of Heilongjiang Province are located in the easternmost part of China and belong to the cold rice cultivation area. In addition to being affected by delayed chilling damage to varying degrees, rice production is often affected by obstructive chilling damage. A wide range of production is affected, and the yield declines greatly. The comprehensive cultivation technology of rice cold resistance and high yield is based on ultra-sparse planting cultivation as the key technology. It is proposed to solve the major problems of rice production and income reduction in the year when cold damage occurs. The characteristics of this technology are: Based on the premise of sparse sowing in simple plastic bowls and dry seedling cultivation, with sparse planting with tillers as the core, the goal is to attack large ears and increase grain weight, and through supporting comprehensive management technical measures, tap the production potential of rice itself and enhance the resistance Chilling damage ability, to achieve stable, high-yield, and efficient cultivation techniques for rice production. Using this technology, the yield per hectare of rice can generally reach more than 7000kg.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is based on the occurrence rules of delayed chilling injury and obstructive chilling injury in cold rice cropping areas and their impact on rice production, and according to the stress resistance characteristics of rice itself, effective regulation and control technical measures are adopted to create a good environment for rice in cold rice cropping areas. The growth and development conditions of rice are promoted to promote its growth and development. The purpose of the invention is to provide a comprehensive cultivation method for rice cold resistance and high yield.

The steps and conditions of the present invention are as follows:

1. Variety selection

Choose high-yield, high-quality, strong stress-resistant rice varieties approved by the state, cold-resistant, large panicle type, and medium or superior tillering ability 3 to 5 days earlier than the local maturity period. The seeds must meet the national standard GB4404-84 "grain "Seed" grade two or above, seed purity 98%, seed clarity 97%, seed germination rate above 90%, seed germination potential above 80%, seed water content not exceeding 14.5%, varieties suitable for the above-mentioned areas are: medium ripening area 88 -7, Jiudao 20 is a cold-resistant high-yielding variety with similar maturity period; the cold-resistant high-yield variety of Jiudao 16 and Yan 304 with similar maturity period in the middle and early maturity area; Yanjing 19 and Hejiang 21 are cold-resistant high-yield varieties with similar maturity period in the early-maturation area ; or, Longjing 8 and Shangyu 97 are cold-resistant high-yielding varieties with similar maturity periods in extremely early maturing areas.

2. Specification selection of simple plastic trays for seedling cultivation

It is recommended to use a simple plastic tray with 434 holes with a soil loading of 5 grams or a simple plastic tray with 352 holes.

3. Sowing preparation and sowing

1. Seedbed selection and greenhouse preparation

Seedbeds should choose dry fields or courtyards with flat terrain, low groundwater level, good drainage, leeward to the sun, and convenient water and electricity. In order to improve the temperature buffering capacity and ventilation for hardening seedlings, large and medium-sized skirt sheds should be used to ensure early ventilation. Seedling hardening and shed closing time are at the end of March in the plain area, before April 5 in the mid-level areas, and before April 10 in the mountainous areas. In order to close the shed on time, the rack holes must be made in autumn and straw inserted for the next year. The required seedbed area per hectare is 60-80m ² , and the time for closing the shed should be 7 days before the plate placement at the latest. Choose about 300-400 simple plastic plates with a soil loading of more than 5g. 0.2kg of nutritious soil is needed per square meter, and 30% of the nutritious soil is applied on the bed soil. After stirring evenly, the ground is plowed and leveled. The depth is about 5cm to prevent the seedlings from burning, and then fully watered.

2. Seed treatment

① drying seeds

Choose sunny and warm weather, spread the rice seeds on a dry site for 2 to 3 days, and turn them every 3 to 4 hours to improve the enzyme activity, germination potential and germination rate in the seeds. The required seed amount is 10 per hectare. ~15kg.

②Brine selection

Add 3.75kg of salt to 15kg of warm water to prepare a solution with a specific gravity of 1:13, then pour the seeds that have been dried and sieved out of the weed seeds into the saline solution, stir evenly, discard the upper layer of scorpions, and take out the full seeds. Rinse with clean water 2 to 3 times and then dry in the shade to increase the germination rate.

③Seed disinfection and soaking

Put 1 pack of 901 wettable powder or Yizhuling wettable powder into 50kg of water, and then fully stir to make a disinfectant for disinfecting and soaking seeds. Soak the seeds for 6-7 days under the condition of ℃, and make sure the accumulated temperature of the final soaking seeds reaches 100℃.

④Seed germination

During the disinfection and soaking stage, the seeds absorb about 30% of the water, and the seeds begin to burst in the water. Take out the seeds in time and put them in plastic bags, and put them on the soil pit with straw at a temperature of 30-32°C or in special germination equipment. , the thickness of the seeds should not exceed 15cm, and then cover the seeds with blankets or sacks to keep the temperature of the top and bottom of the seeds consistent, and turn them 3 to 4 times a day to prevent the phenomenon of burning buds caused by excessive temperature. When the seeds are white, put them in a cool place. Acclimatize its cold resistance, and sow when the daily average temperature is stable through 5°C.

3. Pan-soil cooperation

For the pan soil, choose vegetable garden soil, mature dry field soil, paddy field soil or silt soil. It is not suitable to take soil from barren grassland and fields that have been sprayed with herbicides in the current season, crush the soil, sieve, and mix fertilizer to form a pH of 5-6. 1.5 tons of nutritious soil should be prepared for cultivating rice seedlings per hectare, and the pan soil and nutritious soil should be evenly stirred. The weight ratio of the pan soil to the nutritious soil is 1:0.7. The cloth is concentrated and piled up for use.

4. Sowing

①Sowing time

From April 5th to April 15th, sow seeds when the daily average temperature is stable above 5°C to ensure that the seedling age is 50 days in plain areas, 45 days in mid-level areas, and 40 days in mountainous areas.

②Sowing method and arrangement

In order to ensure the quality of standardized seedling raising, ensure uniform sowing and neat emergence of seedlings, it is advisable to adopt mechanical or semi-mechanical sowing methods. When sowing, firstly mix the prepared soil, and then push the seeds evenly into the simple plastic tray, so that each pot enters 2 seeds. ~3 grains, cover with soil after sowing, thickness 0.3-0.5cm, do not see buds and valleys, spread the bed soil one day before placing the plate, and make the bed soil moisture reach saturation state, use a board to press down when placing the plate, make the bowl 2/3 of the body is buried in the bed soil, so that the disc and the bed soil are closely combined. After the sowing and arranging the disc, water it fully, and finally use a sealing agent such as Yangcao Ling to seal and weed.

4. Seedbed management

① Always observe the temperature and water before emergence. If the water is insufficient, it should be replenished in time. The temperature should be controlled below 35°C to prevent the buds from burning and to ensure that the seedlings emerge neatly.

②Strengthen the management between the needle-leaf stage and the 2-leaf stage. More than 80% of the seedlings emerge in the needle-leaf stage. Ventilation should be done to harden the seedlings. The temperature should be controlled below 25°C and the water should be appropriate to prevent excessive growth.

③ Do a good job in the management from the 3-leaf stage to before transplanting

At the 3-leaf stage, as the leaf area increases, the water requirement increases, so the amount of watering should be increased appropriately. In principle, water more at one time, and avoid watering less frequently. The standard is that there are water drops on the leaf tips in the morning. In order to adapt to the outside temperature, the seedlings should be ventilated and hardened day and night. To grow strong seedlings, spray growth regulators at the 2.5-leaf stage and 4-leaf stage. 2kg of water liquid fertilizer, then poured clear water to wash the leaves, as a fertilizer for grafting, and sprayed 500 times omethoate at the same time to prevent the occurrence of leaf miners after transplanting.

5. Honda land preparation

①In order to prevent obstacle-type chilling injury, raise the pool ridge by 30cm.

②Leveling paddy field: It is required that the canal system should be matched, drainage and irrigation should be smooth, the grid field should be rectangular, and the height difference of the field surface should not exceed 5cm.

③ Land plowing: mainly autumn plowing and dry plowing, autumn plowing is carried out when the soil content drops below 30%, the depth is 20-25cm, spring plowing is completed before April 25, the depth is 12-15cm, and there is no missing plowing , without losing the edges, rake the ground 1-2 days before transplanting and scrape it flat.

6. Transplanting rice seedlings

① Determine the date of transplanting: start on May 20 and end at the end of May, and do not insert seedlings in June.

②Transplanting method and direction: Manual or mechanical transplanting can be used. No matter which method is adopted, the south-north or southwest-northeast direction is the most ideal, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, and improves the utilization rate of light energy. At the same time, it can improve water temperature and soil temperature. temperature, thereby improving the overall ability of the rice field ecosystem to resist cold damage.

③Standard transplanting density: In the plain area, the large row spacing is generally 50cm, the small row spacing is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 20cm. The row spacing is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 20cm; the row-plant spacing is generally 30×20cm in the sandy land and mountainous areas in the mid-level area; the row-plant spacing is 30×13.3cm, or the row-plant spacing is 30×20cm.

Seven, Honda fertilization

Follow the fertilization principles of pre-control, mid-foot, post-nitrogen fertilizers, and increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers:

① Calculate the total amount of fertilization: adjust the amount of fertilizer properly according to the local soil, climate, and variety conditions, but the general requirement is: under the premise of applying fully decomposed farmyard manure of 10-20m ³ per hectare, the total amount of chemical fertilizer should be controlled at 105 of pure nitrogen ~125kg, up to 135kg; pure phosphorus 50~70kg; pure potassium 60~90kg.

② Determination of the amount of base fertilizer: In cold rice-growing areas, the application amount of base fertilizer should be reduced. It is recommended to apply 10-20 ^m3 of fully decomposed farmyard manure before plowing, and then apply 30% of the annual total nitrogen fertilizer and the annual total potassium fertilizer. 2/3 of the amount and all of the phosphate fertilizer must be combined with the plowing and applied at one time. For cold slurry land, it is advisable to apply 1000kg of lime per hectare before plowing.

③Skillful application of tillering fertilizer: within 7 days after transplanting. Generally, no tillering fertilizer is applied if the soil quality is good, and 5-10% of the annual total nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to sandy land or poor soil quality.

④Replenish fertilizer in time: Apply fertilizer 25-30 days after transplanting, and apply 30-40% of the annual total nitrogen amount in places with good soil quality depending on the tillering situation.

The diagnostic indicators to determine the period of fertilization are as follows:

1. 24-26 days after transplanting, investigate the average number of stems per hole, and when the average number is less than 15, supplement the fertilizer.

2. When the average number of stems per hole reaches 15, the supplementary fertilizer should be postponed for 5 days.

3. Investigate the average number of stems per hole 30 days after transplanting the seedlings. When the average number exceeds 15, postpone the supplementary fertilizer for 5 days.

⑤ The first ear fertilizer: 19-21 days before the rice ear emerges, when the second leaf on the upper part is exposed to 0.5 leaves, topdress 15% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and the remaining 1/3 of the potassium fertilizer.

⑥Second panicle fertilizer: 8-10 days before rice panicle emergence, which is the meiosis period. At this time, the top leaves are basically in full bloom, and 10% of the total nitrogen fertilizer for the whole year is topdressed, but it should be appropriate according to the appearance of the rice. Mediation, if the number of plants is small and the leaf color is light, fertilization should be applied immediately; if the number of plants is large, the leaf color is dark, and the weather is bad, it will be postponed for a few days. Fertilize.

⑦ Grain fertilizer: After 80% of the rice is eared, in order to increase the thousand-grain weight, the remaining 5% nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.

⑧Other fertilization: For cold slurry land, apply 15kg of zinc sulfate fertilizer per hectare, and use Shennong liquid and other growth regulators at the tillering and booting stages to increase cold resistance and early maturity.

8. Honda Water Management

The optimum temperature for rice tillering is 28-31°C. Tillers will not occur below 18°C. Rice tillers are generally 2.5-3cm below the topsoil, because the most critical factor affecting tillering is water temperature and soil temperature. In order to increase the water temperature The soil temperature and tillering stage should be irrigated with shallow water, and the water depth should not exceed 3cm.

Rice production in cold rice-growing areas suffers from obstacle-type chilling damage to varying degrees every year. Therefore, the water layer gradually deepens during the young panicle formation period from July 5th to 10th. Period stop irrigation.

9. Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds

1. Actively prevent and control rice diseases

The main diseases of rice include rice blast, rice false smut, sheath blight or blight, and the better medicament used in the prevention and treatment is bacterium poisonous star, the dosage per hectare is 375ml, spray foliage 3000 times of water, and spray 1 Second-rate.

2. Focus on the prevention and control of rice pests

The main rice pests are rice stem borer, rice slugworm or rice leaf miner. The biological pesticide Sudeli is used in the pest control. The dosage per hectare is 6000 ml, and the water is 200 times. It is sprayed on the leaves from July 7 to 10. .

3. Comprehensive prevention and control of rice weeds

The weed communities in paddy fields are mostly gramineous, sedge and broad-leaved weeds coexisting. Some chemical pesticides have poor control effects and seriously affect the quality of rice. It has been proved by experiments that the wettable powder of raw green gold hoe can be used in green food rice. Used in production, this agent has the characteristics of wide herbicidal spectrum, no residual toxicity, no pollution, and good control effect. It can be sprayed with 900g mixed with 750kg water when the height of barnyardgrass is 1-2 leaves and three-edged grass is 30cm high. Good control effect, and no effect on rice quality.

10. Harvest

Harvest: Harvest at the end of yellow ripening.

Beneficial effects: adopt the method, step and condition of the present invention, in Antu County (test area 1hm ² ) in Yanbian area, Jilin Province, China and Tongjiang County (test area 0.8hm ² ) in Jiamusi area, Heilongjiang Province, tested, this Two counties can fully represent the cold rice cultivation area in paddy production, test result proves, the method of the present invention is completely feasible in these two counties, the test result of 2004,2005 and 2006 three years, the cold-resistant cultivation of the present invention Compared with common cultivation, the yield is increased by 27.6%-35.5%.

Detailed ways

Application example: adopt method, step and condition of the present invention, in Antu County (test area 1hm ² ) in Yanbian area, Jilin Province, China and Tongjiang County (test area 0.8hm ² ) in Jiamusi area, Heilongjiang Province, tested, this Two counties can fully represent the cold rice cultivation area in paddy production, and test result proves that the method of the present invention is fully feasible in these two counties, and the test results of three years in 2004, 2005 and 2006 are shown in Table 1,

Table 1. Cold-resistant cultivation of the present invention compares with common cultivation output

years Place Cold-resistant cultivation amount (kg/hm ² ) Normal cultivation amount (kg/hm ² ) The cold-resistant cultivation increased (%) compared with the common cultivation 2004 Antu 7611 5872 29.6 Tongjiang 7303 5723 27.6 2005 Antu 7421 5461 35.5 Tongjiang 7013 5477 34.1 2006 Antu 6923 5194 33.3 Tongjiang 6619 5095 29.9

Claims (1)

1. cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice is characterized in that, step and condition are as follows:

One, kind is selected

Select high yield, high-quality, the strong stress resistance of country's authorization for use, cold-resistant, the inclined to one side large spike in early 3～5 days local maturing stage, the rice varieties that tillering ability is medium or first-class, seed will be up to state standards GB4404-84 " foodstuff seed " more than the secondary, seed purity 98%, physical purity of seed 97%, percentage of seedgermination is more than 90%, potentiality of seed is more than 80%, and seed moisture content is no more than 14.5%, and the kind that is fit to above-mentioned area has: in ripe district 88-7, nine rice close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 20 ripe phases; Mid-early maturity district nine rice 16, prolong close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 304 ripe phases; Precocious district prolongs round-grained rice 19, Hejiang's close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 21 ripe phases; Perhaps, extremely early mature district dragon round-grained rice 8, on educate close cold-resistant high yielding variety of 97 ripe phases;

Two, grow seedlings and mould the dish specification with letter and select

Recommending to use the soil loading amount in 434 holes is that 5 letters that restrain are moulded dish or used the letter in 352 holes to mould dish;

Three, sowing is prepared and sowing

1), ground, seedbed is selected and the preparation of canopy chamber

Should select the seedbed that physical features is smooth, subterranean water level is low, draining is good, leeward on the sunny side, water power easily dry land ground or garden for well, for buffer capacity and the ventilation hardening that improves temperature, adopt big-and-middle-sized skirt canopy canopy chamber, so that guarantee early stage ventilation hardening, button canopy time region of no relief was 3 the end of month, before upper level is April 5, the mountain area will be finished before April 10, in order to detain canopy on time, must carry out inserting the frame hole in the fall, plug straw, so that next year is stand button canopy on time, per hectare institute must seedbed area 60～80m ²The button canopy time also should carry out at balance at the latest in preceding 7 days, selecting soil loading amount for use is that about 300～400 on dish is moulded in the above letter of 5g, every square metre needs with 0.2kg nutrition soil, 30% nutrition soil is executed on bed soil, ploughed, flatten after stirring, the degree of depth is about 5cm, to prevent to burn seedling, fully water then;

2), seed treatment

1. bask seeds

Select fine warm weather, tedded seed rice on the ground 2～3 days, stirred once in per 3～4 hours when basking seeds,, need kind of amount to be per hectare 10～15kg so that improve activity and the germination vigor and the germination rate of seed endoenzyme at drying bed;

2. sort seed by salt water

In 15kg warm water,, produce proportion and be 1: 13 solution with salt 3.75kg, then with after the airing and the seed that screens out grass-seed pour in the saline solution, stir, fish for full seed after discarding the blighted grain on upper strata, dry in the shade with after the flushing with clean water 2～3 times, so that improve emergence rate;

3. seed disinfection and seed soaking

In 50kg water, put into 901 wetting powders or and soak clever wetting powder 1 bag, then abundant stirring is made into disinfectant and is used for the sterilization seed soaking, during seed soaking, stirs every day 1～2 time, soaked seed 6～7 days under seed soaking 5 days or 15 ℃ of conditions under 20 ℃ of conditions, must make final seed soaking accumulated temperature reach 100 ℃;

4. presprouting of seeds

Absorb about 30% moisture at sterilization seed soaking stage seed, seed begins brokenly chest in water, in time pull the seed plastic sack of packing into out, be placed on the temperature that is covered with straw and be on 30～32 ℃ the heatable adobe sleeping platform or in the special-purpose vernalization equipment, seed thickness must not surpass 15cm, cover article such as woollen blanket or gunnysack then and make seed temperature unanimity up and down, stir every day 3～4 times, prevent the local too high generation burning bud phenomenon of temperature, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, place it in shady and cool place, its cold tolerance is tamed, sowing when daily mean temperature is stablized by 5 ℃;

3), dish soil cooperates

Dish soil is selected dry land soil, paddy soils or the silt soil of vegetable garden soil, slaking, should not fetch earth in the field that wild grass ground and this season sprayed weed killer herbicide, carry out hack, sieve, mix fertilizer, formation pH is 5～6 nutrition soil, cultivate the per hectare land for growing field crops and need prepare enough 1.5 tons in nutrition soil with seedling, will coil soil and evenly stir with nutrition soil, dish soil is 1: 0.7 with the weight ratio of nutrition soil,, then the composite soil that obtains is covered Polypropylence Sheet and concentrates heap vexed standby;

4), sowing

1. sowing time

5-April 15 April, in the stable sowing during by 5 ℃ of daily mean temperature, with the length of time rice seedlings grow that guarantees the flat area be 50 days, upper level is 45 days, the mountain area is 40 days;

2. type of seeding and balance

In order to ensure standardization seedling quality, guarantee that sowing evenly, it is neat to emerge, should adopt machinery or half mechanical planting method, at first with the composite soil for preparing, then seed evenly is pushed into letter and moulds in the dish during sowing, make every alms bowl enter 2～3 in seed, after planting want earthing, thickness 0.3～0.5cm does not inquire for bud paddy, preceding 1 day of balance, pave bed soil, and make the native moisture of the bed state that reaches capacity, and press down with plate during balance, 2/3 of alms bowl body is imbedded in the soil, accomplish to coil with bed soil and combine closely, after the sowing balance finishes, fully water, seal weeding with sealers such as seedling grass spirits at last;

Four, seedbed management

1. will often observe temperature and moisture before emerging, if water deficient will in time be replenished, temperature will be controlled at below 35 ℃, and to prevent to burn bud, it is neat to accomplish to emerge;

2. strengthening the needle phase to 2 management of leaf between the phase, is the needle phase when emerging more than 80%, carry out the ventilation hardening, and temperature should be controlled at below 25 ℃, and moisture is wanted suitably, to prevent excessive growth;

3. the 3 leaf phases of carrying out are to the preceding management of rice transplanting

To 3 leaf phases, increase along with leaf area, requirement to moisture increases, and waters the water yield so will suitably strengthen, in principle, once watering more, avoid repeatedly watering less, standard is at blade tip the globule to be arranged early morning, in order to adapt to outside air temperature, the hardening of should ventilating double tides, for educating strong seedling,, spray growth regulator in 2.5 leaf phases and 4 leaf phases, preceding 2 days of rice transplanting, every square metre is watered and executes the liquid fertilizer that the 50g diammonium phosphate is converted 2kg water, waters clear water then and washes the blade face, transfers fertilizer as sending, spray 500 times of flolimats simultaneously, prevent to transplant the generation of back Liriomyza;

Five, the whole ground of Honda

1. in order to prevent cool-summer damage due to impotency, increase the ridge, pond 30cm;

2. smooth rice field: require canal system supporting, irrigation and drainage are unimpeded, lattice field rectangle, and field face difference of height must not surpass 5cm;

3. turn over and rake the soil level: turn over and drought rake based on the autumn, the autumn turns over and reduces to 30% at soil content and carry out when following, the degree of depth 20～25cm, and the spring turns over before April 25 and has turned over, and the degree of depth 12～15cm does not balk, and does not lose the limit, transplants and ground is harrowed carefully strickling in preceding 1～2 day;

Six, rice transplanting

1. determine the rice transplanting date: beginning on May 20, be all over to 5 the end of month, do not insert the seedling in June;

2. which kind of method no matter rice transplanting method and row take to available artificial and machine rice transplantation, on the south-north or southwest-northeast row be to the most desirable, help ventilation and penetrating light, improve utility rate of luminous energy, can improve water temperature and soil temperature simultaneously, thereby improve the ability that paddy ecosystem integral body is resisted cold damage;

3. standard density of transplants: the region of no relief is generally wide row space 50cm, little line-spacing 30cm, and spacing in the rows 20cm, the husky unfertile land of region of no relief, cold slurry ground and upper level are generally wide row space 50cm, little line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 20cm or wide row space 40cm, little line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm; The general distance between rows and hills of the husky unfertile land of upper level and mountain area is 30 * 20cm; The high and cold mountain area distance between rows and hills is advisable with 30 * 13.3cm, or distance between rows and hills is 30 * 20cm;

Seven, Honda fertilising

Follow the fertilization principle of preceding control, mesopodium, back guarantor's nitrogenous fertilizer and increasing the p application rate and potash fertilizer:

1. calculate total fertilization amount: suitably adjust fertilizing amount according to local soil, weather, kind condition, but total requirement is: execute the farmyard manure 10～20m that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed in per hectare ³Under the prerequisite, the chemical fertilizer total amount should be controlled at purity nitrogen 105～125kg, is no more than 135kg at most; Pure phosphorus 50～70kg; In pure potassium 60～90kg scope;

2. determine the base fertilizer consumption: cold rice workspace should reduce the amount of application of base fertilizer, advocates and execute the farmyard manure 10～20m that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed before turning over ³The basis on, apply again annual total nitrogenous fertilizer 30%, 2/3 and whole phosphate fertilizer of annual total potash fertilizer amount, must be in conjunction with disposable the applying of ploughing, for cold slurry, the lime that per hectare is executed 1000kg before ploughing is advisable;

3. execute the fertilizer of tillering ingeniously: transplant in back 7 days and carry out, soil property is good does not generally execute tillering fertilizer, husky unfertile land or soil property difference, can execute 5～10% of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer;

4. in time mend fertilise: transplant the back and mended fertilise in 25～30 days, the place that soil property is good is looked its situation of tillering and is executed 30～40% of annual nitrogen pool;

The diagnosis index of determining supplementary fertilizer period is as follows:

1, after the rice transplanting 24-26 days, investigates the average stem number in every cave, when mean does not reach 15, carry out supplementary fertilizer;

When 2, the average stem number in every cave reaches 15, postpone and carried out supplementary fertilizer in 5 days;

3, investigated the average stem number in every cave in 30 days after the rice transplanting, when mean surpasses 15, postpone and carried out supplementary fertilizer in 5 days;

5. ear manuer for the first time: paddy rice goes out before the fringe to carry out in 19-21 days, when second leaf in top exposes 0.5 leaf, imposes 15% and remaining 1/3 potash fertilizer of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer;

6. ear manuer for the second time: paddy rice goes out before the fringe to carry out in 8-10 days, and reduction division just period, at this moment top all sprouts substantially, imposes 10% of annual total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, but will suitably reconcile according to the paddy rice appearance, if the strain number is few, when the leaf look shallow, should apply fertilizer immediately; The strain number is many, the leaf color depth, and weather is bad will postpone several days, apply fertilizer after going out fringe, as too much because of the nitrogenous fertilizer amount of executing, when foxiness appears in blade, can not apply fertilizer;

7. granulated fertilizer: after paddy rice 80% goes out fringe,, execute remaining 5% nitrogenous fertilizer in order to increase thousand kernel weight,

8. other fertilising: for cold slurry ground, per hectare is executed sulfuric acid zinc fertilizer 15kg, and tillering stage and booting stage can be executed growth regulators such as legendary god of farming's liquid, to increase cold resistance, premature ripening;

Eight, Honda water management

The optimum temperature of rice tillering is 28～31 ℃, be lower than 18 ℃ and can not tiller, the position of rice tillering is 2.5～3cm place below table soil generally, and the factor of most critical is water temperature and soil temperature because influence is tillered, in order to improve water temperature and soil temperature is answered shallow irrigation tillering stage, the depth of water must not surpass 3cm;

The Rice Production of cold rice workspace all suffers cool-summer damage due to impotency every year to some extent, and therefore, the young fringe formation 5～10 July begins to add gradually profundal zone period, must reach more than the 20cm to meiosis stage, stops stage of yellow ripeness pouring water;

Nine, disease pest and weed is prevented and kill off

1, initiatively prevents and treats rice disease

The main disease of paddy rice has rice blast, false smut, banded sclerotial blight or damping off, and the better medicament that adopts in the control is the fungus poison star, and hectare consumption 375ml to 3000 times of foliar sprays of water, sprays 1 time booting stage;

2, keypoint control rice insect pest

Main rice grub has rice-stem borer, Oulema oryzae or paddy rice Liriomyza, adopts biopesticide Soviet Union to get profit in pest control, and 6000 milliliters of hectare consumptions are to 200 times in water, at foliar spray on July 7～10;

3, integrated control paddy rice crop smothering

Paddy land weed group mostly is grass family, sedge weed and broad leaved weed and deposits, some chemical pesticide preventive effects are not good and have a strong impact on rice quality, through evidence, giving birth to green gold hoe wetting powder can use in the pollution-free food Rice Production, this medicament has broad weed-killing spectrum, no residual hazard, pollution-free, characteristics that preventive effect is good, can be at Honda barnyard grass grass 1～2 leaf, hectare consumption 900g converted water 750kg spraying when convexutricle sedge herb 30cm was high, can obtain favorable effect, and rice quality do not had influence;

Ten, results

Results: yellow maturity is gathered in the crops latter stage in good time.