CN105409661A - Direct seeding planting method for rice on dry field - Google Patents
Direct seeding planting method for rice on dry field Download PDFInfo
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- CN105409661A CN105409661A CN201410445886.0A CN201410445886A CN105409661A CN 105409661 A CN105409661 A CN 105409661A CN 201410445886 A CN201410445886 A CN 201410445886A CN 105409661 A CN105409661 A CN 105409661A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a direct seeding planting method for rice on dry field. The method comprises the following steps: S1, soil preparation stage before seeding; S2, seed soaking and seeding; S3, coverage of covering; and S4, management after seeding. According to the direct seeding planting method for the rice on dry land provided by the invention, seeds are directly mixed with a drought resistant agent and water uniformly to form gelatinous substances containing the seeds, the gelatinous substances are planted in the dry land, and then a layer of covering covers the dry land. The direct seeding planting method for the rice on dry field has the beneficial effect that according to the planting method, the seedling stage after direct seeding is short; emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings are increased; drought resistant level of the rice in the whole production process is improved remarkably; frequent watering and irrigation are not required; and labor management cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs agricultural technology field, particularly relates to a kind of paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the maximum cereal crops of China, is also the first rich and influential family with water, about has the agricultural water of 70% for Rice irrigation.Along with the growth of population, cities and towns and industrial expansion, the change of global climate and increasing the weight of of environmental pollution, the water resource for crop irrigation is more and more deficient, the development of serious threat crop particularly Rice Production.
Paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method develops from rice direct-seeding mode, is namely to select drought-enduring variety, live under the situation of nonirrigated farmland, seedling stage non-irrigated length, the middle and later periods utilizes rainwater and suitably irrigates to meet the kind rice method that rice strain needs water requirement.Some state farms, northern China rice fifties district are on the basis of direct sowing on dry paddy field, and for solving the problem of source of irrigation water deficiency, test " rice seedling drought length and middle and later periods pour water ", can be described as the blank of rice dry-farming.At the beginning of the seventies, northern area Continuous Drought, crop investigations institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences began one's study from 1973 and promotes rice dry-farming, and rice in north china dry farming once developed very fast in the eighties, and by 1985, the application area of 13 provinces and cities in the north reached 160,000 hectares.Rice dry-farming, not only saves irrigation water 25% ~ 40% than common paddy field rice, and can reduce the operation sequence (as seedling, transplanting etc.) in Rice Production, saves recruitment, is convenient to mechanization production.The difference of rice dry-farming compared with direct-sowing dry is: direct-sowing dry be drought whole, drought after planting, pour water immediately, thereafter water consumpation management the same with transplanting rice, maintenance water layer; Rice dry-farming is that dry land fertilizer spraying is emerged, and keeps one period non-irrigated long, does not pour water, and the middle and later periods according to circumstances takes shallow irrigation, shallow-wet intermission to irrigate or regular moistening irrigation.The difference of rice dry-farming compared with conventional transplanting rice: one be modify-water is the whole ground or no-tillage of drought wholely, saved a large amount of to plough, whole water; Two is change seedling to transplant as nonirrigated farmland is live, and simplify field operational sequence, production labor is reduced, labour intensity obviously reduces; Three are modify-water field kind rice is nonirrigated farmland kind rice, owing to not needing to keep water layer, can be main what have irrigation conditions, the availability of water is significantly improved; Five is because rice dry-farming does not keep water layer, and only carry out moisture management, can not raise subterranean water level, seepage is less, does not have the threat of Secondary Saline, and soil physical and chemical property is also than good under the state of basining irrigation.Rice seedling grows under good gaseity, first take root, after emerge, branch root and Gen Maofada, rice strain is anti-fall, the ability of drought resisting and some sick worm anti-strengthens.Soil permeability is good, and growth intermediary and later stages soil redox potential is higher, and the rice root vigor retention time is long, is conducive to Grain Filling, and thousand kernel weight is higher.But also there is many problems in rice dry-farming in cultivation.Such as, drought compares wholely takes a lot of work, especially larger in whole ground, rich clay area difficulty; Cannot washing salinity by irrigation before sowing, dry farming should not be carried out in heavy saline; Rice dry-farming does not keep water layer, ground moistening, and weeds easily grow and weeds kind is many, and harm is heavy, and artificial weeding effect is poor, the core competitiveness etc. in the production cost adding enterprise and the market reducing enterprise.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, main purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method, after the method seed sowing seedling stage time shorten, seedling rate alive of emerging increases, do not need irrigation of often watering, labor management cost is low.
The invention provides a kind of paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method, comprise the following steps:
S1. the seedbed preparation stage: sow first 13 ~ 15 days, use steriland herbicide weeding; Sow first 4 ~ 7 days, carry out first time non-irrigated rotary tillage and to rake the soil level operation, make loosing soil layer be 15 ~ 23cm; Sow in first 2 ~ 3 days and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, carry out second time drought and revolve operation of raking the soil level, described loosing soil layer is mixed with base fertilizer; Keep soil relative water content more than 60%;
S2. to soak seed sowing: rice paddy seed adopts interval method for soaking seed process 38 ~ 55 hours, obtains seed soaking seed, described interval method for soaking seed for seed soaking and dew kind alternate, described seed soaking time is 10 ~ 15 hours, and it is 9 ~ 14 hours that described dew plants the time; Then by described seed soaking seed in 26 ~ 35 DEG C of vernalization 12 ~ 28 hours, obtain chitting piece; By described chitting piece airing 2 ~ 6 hours before sowing, dresses seed after removing surperficial open fire, described seed dressing is mixed with the part by weight of 1: 1 ~ 1.8: 350 ~ 500 described chitting piece, drought resistance agent and water, and stir to obtain pretreatment seed; Take bunch planting or bar broadcast mode to sow in gained pretreatment seed, sowing depth is 8 ~ 13cm;
S3. cover covering: carry out lid kind with covering after sowing described in step S2, described covering is the mixture of bacterium bag waste material or bacterium bag waste material and soil, described bacterium bag waste material is culture medium waste remaining after the bacterium bag mushroom of plantation mushroom is gathered;
S4. after planting manage: after planting to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding, protection against rodents, anti-bird, anti-soil insect before gathering; Treat that spike of rice loses green, clever shell turns yellow, and the grain of rice turns white, and hand is indeformable, and paddy water content is gathered in the crops 18 ~ 25% time.
Optionally, water management described in described step S4 be keep soil relative water content more than 65%, when soil relative water content higher than 80% time, the duration is no more than 2.5 days.
Optionally, base fertilizer described in described step S1 is long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer 40kg/667m
2; Or the mixing of diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate applies, and amount of application is followed successively by 7.0-10.0kg/667m
2, 9.0-14.0kg/667m
2, 4.0-5.0kg/667m
2.
Optionally, pretreatment seed described in described step S2 is gel.
Optionally, the seeding quantity sowed described in described step S2 is 1300-2100g pretreatment seed/667m
2.
Optionally, drought resistance agent described in described step S2 is starch grafted acrylate class drought resistance agent.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect: 1) paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method is modify-water is the whole ground or no-tillage of drought wholely, saved a large amount of to plough, whole water; 2) be change seedling to transplant as nonirrigated farmland is live, simplify field operational sequence, production labor is reduced, labour intensity obviously reduces; 3) be modify-water field kind rice be nonirrigated farmland kind rice, owing to not needing to keep water layer, rice can be planted on the nonirrigated farmland having irrigation conditions, thus widen kind rice scope; 4) modify-water layer-management is no water layer management, to meet the physiological water requirement of rice strain, the availability of water is significantly improved; 5) direct-seeding planting soil physical and chemical property in paddy rice nonirrigated farmland is than good under the state of basining irrigation, and soil permeability is good, and rice growth physically well develops, and branch root and Gen Maofada, be conducive to Grain Filling, and thousand kernel weight is higher.
Embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Drought resistance agent described in this embodiment is commercially available acquisition, and be starch grafted acrylate class, its main component is by weight percentage: starch 24%, potassium acrylate 65%, water 10%, crosslinking agent 1.0%; Long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer product used by name " execute can rich long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer ", manufacturer is Shikefeng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; In addition, other chemical reagent mentioned in this embodiment are all obtained by commercial sources.
Embodiment 1
A kind of paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting, comprises the following steps:
S1. in the seedbed preparation stage: the dry land selecting plantation wheat, sow first 13 days, use steriland herbicide weeding; Sow first 4 days, the rotary tillage of tractor drought is raked the soil level, and makes loosing soil layer be 15 ~ 22cm; Sow in first 2 ~ 3 days and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, drought is revolved and is raked the soil level again, and described loosing soil layer is mixed with base fertilizer; The base fertilizer executed is that the mixing of diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate applies, and amount of application is followed successively by 7.0kg/667m
2, 9.0kg/667m
2, 4.0kg/667m
2; Keep soil relative water content more than 60% prior to seeding;
S2. to soak seed sowing: the rice varieties of selection is " salt rich 47 ", and rice paddy seed adopts interval method for soaking seed process 38 hours, obtains seed soaking seed, described interval method for soaking seed for seed soaking and dew kind alternate, described seed soaking time is 10 hours, and it is 9 hours that described dew plants the time; Then by described seed soaking seed in 26 DEG C of vernalization 12 hours, obtain chitting piece; By described chitting piece airing 2 hours before sowing, dresses seed after removing surperficial open fire, described seed dressing is mixed with the part by weight of 1: 1: 350 described chitting piece, drought resistance agent and water, and stir to obtain pretreatment seed; Take bar broadcast mode to sow in gained pretreatment seed, seeding quantity is 1300g pretreatment seed/667m
2, sowing depth is 10cm;
S3. covering is covered: after sowing described in step S2, carry out lid kind with covering; Described covering is selected from bacterium bag waste material and soil, and described bacterium bag waste material is culture medium waste remaining after the bacterium bag mushroom of plantation mushroom is gathered; Sowing region is divided into 3 test regions, is respectively A district, B district and C district, respectively uniform fold one deck covering, wherein A district covers bacterium bag waste material; B district covers bacterium bag waste material and the mixture sowing ground soil; C district covers to sow ground soil;
S4. after planting manage: after planting to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding, protection against rodents, anti-bird, anti-soil insect before gathering, reasonable employment chemical herbicide is answered in weeding, the chemical herbicide that weeding first uses is benzyl phonetic benzene thiophene acyl wetting powder (you are quiet) of 54%, and dosage is 50g/667m
2, adopt pesticide-clay mixture broadcast application.Adopt 9% isopropyl methylbenzyl granula subtilis when again there are weeds, dosage is 50g/667m
2, adopt pesticide-clay mixture broadcast application.
General field management will be carried out intertill and clean tillage and pour water topdressing according to the growing process of paddy rice and the situation such as soil physical chemistry condition and weather conditions.Principle of pouring water meets drought namely to fill with, pour water in the upland rice child bearing age (tillering stage, shooting stage, heading stage), make soil relative water content remain on more than 70%, when soil relative water content higher than 85% time, time is no more than 3 days, prevents long-time ponding from causing rotten kind.Also to compel fertilizer early stage in tillering stage, heading simultaneously by stages.General fetilizer for tillering mu imposes urea 10kg, ear manuer 5kg.Strictly quantity of topdressing must be controlled when topdressing, can not be too much, in order to avoid make paddy rice remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.When pouring water, preferably adopting the small-sized equipment of pouring water to pour water, can economize on water and can soil compaction be avoided.
Observe rice seedling rate and the paddy rice seedling rate alive of 3 test regions in process of emerging, treat that spike of rice loses green, clever shell turns yellow, and the grain of rice turns white, and hand is indeformable, and paddy water content is gathered in the crops about 20% time.Each district paddy rice average yield is added up when gathering; Result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 Cover treatment thing paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting.
| District | Emergence rate (%) | Seedling rate (%) alive | Average yield (t/ha) |
| A | 97 | 93 | 9.26 |
| B | 93 | 91 | 8.58 |
| C | 84 | 78 | 6.37 |
In addition, in Rice Cropping process, observe growing way and the damage by disease and insect situation of each district paddy rice, observed result shows, paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting does not keep water layer, can not raise subterranean water level, seepage is less, does not have the threat of Secondary Saline, and soil physical and chemical property is also than good under the state of basining irrigation.Rice seedling grows under this kind of state, first take root, after emerge, seedling stage time shorten, branch root and Gen Maofada, rice strain is anti-fall, the ability of drought resisting and some sick worm anti-strengthens.Soil permeability is good, and growth intermediary and later stages soil redox potential is higher, and the rice root vigor retention time is long, is conducive to Grain Filling, and thousand kernel weight is higher.
Embodiment 2
A kind of paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting, comprises the following steps:
S1. in the seedbed preparation stage: the dry land selecting plantation wheat, sow first 15 days, use steriland herbicide weeding; Sow first 7 days, the rotary tillage of tractor drought is raked the soil level, and makes loosing soil layer be 15 ~ 22cm; Sow in first 2 ~ 3 days and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, drought is revolved and is raked the soil level again, and described loosing soil layer is mixed with base fertilizer; The base fertilizer executed is that the mixing of diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate applies, and amount of application is followed successively by 10.0kg/667m
2, 14kg/667m
2, 5.0kg/667m
2; Keep soil relative water content more than 60% prior to seeding;
S2. to soak seed sowing: the rice varieties of selection is " Tianyou998 ", and rice paddy seed adopts interval method for soaking seed process 55 hours, obtains seed soaking seed, described interval method for soaking seed for seed soaking and dew kind alternate, described seed soaking time is 15 hours, and it is 14 hours that described dew plants the time; Then by described seed soaking seed in 35 DEG C of vernalization 28 hours, obtain chitting piece; By described chitting piece airing 2 hours before sowing, dresses seed after removing surperficial open fire, described seed dressing is mixed with the part by weight of 1: 1.8: 500 described chitting piece, drought resistance agent and water, and stir to obtain pretreatment seed; Take bar broadcast mode to sow in gained pretreatment seed, seeding quantity is 2100g pretreatment seed/667m
2, sowing depth is 13cm;
S3. covering is covered: after sowing described in step S2, carry out lid kind with covering; Described covering is selected from bacterium bag waste material and soil, and described bacterium bag waste material is culture medium waste remaining after the bacterium bag mushroom of plantation mushroom is gathered;
S4. after planting manage: after planting to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding, protection against rodents, anti-bird, anti-soil insect before gathering, reasonable employment chemical herbicide is answered in weeding, the chemical herbicide that weeding first uses is benzyl phonetic benzene thiophene acyl wetting powder (you are quiet) of 45%, and dosage is 50g/667m
2, adopt pesticide-clay mixture broadcast application.Adopt 9% isopropyl methylbenzyl granula subtilis when again there are weeds, dosage is 50g/667m
2, adopt pesticide-clay mixture broadcast application.
General field management will be carried out intertill and clean tillage and pour water topdressing according to the growing process of paddy rice and the situation such as soil physical chemistry condition and weather conditions.Principle of pouring water meets drought namely to fill with, pour water in the upland rice child bearing age (tillering stage, shooting stage, heading stage), make soil relative water content remain on more than 70%, when soil relative water content higher than 85% time, time is no more than 3 days, prevents long-time ponding from causing rotten kind.Also to compel fertilizer early stage in tillering stage, heading simultaneously by stages.General fetilizer for tillering mu imposes urea 10kg, ear manuer 5kg.Strictly quantity of topdressing must be controlled when topdressing, can not be too much, in order to avoid make paddy rice remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing.When pouring water, preferably adopting the small-sized equipment of pouring water to pour water, can economize on water and can soil compaction be avoided.
Identical with embodiment 1 for what relate in embodiment 2.
Last it is noted that above-described each embodiment is only for illustration of technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or to wherein partly or entirely technical characteristic carry out equivalent replacement; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (6)
1. a paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1. the seedbed preparation stage: sow first 13 ~ 15 days, use steriland herbicide weeding; Sow first 4 ~ 7 days, carry out first time non-irrigated rotary tillage and to rake the soil level operation, make loosing soil layer be 15 ~ 23cm; Sow in first 2 ~ 3 days and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, carry out second time drought and revolve operation of raking the soil level, described loosing soil layer is mixed with base fertilizer; Keep soil relative water content more than 60%;
S2. to soak seed sowing: rice paddy seed adopts interval method for soaking seed process 38 ~ 55 hours, obtains seed soaking seed, described interval method for soaking seed for seed soaking and dew kind alternate, described seed soaking time is 10 ~ 15 hours, and it is 9 ~ 14 hours that described dew plants the time; Then by described seed soaking seed in 26 ~ 35 DEG C of vernalization 12 ~ 28 hours, obtain chitting piece; By described chitting piece airing 2 ~ 6 hours before sowing, dresses seed after removing surperficial open fire, described seed dressing is mixed with the part by weight of 1: 1 ~ 1.8: 350 ~ 500 described chitting piece, drought resistance agent and water, and stir to obtain pretreatment seed; Take bunch planting or bar broadcast mode to sow in gained pretreatment seed, sowing depth is 8 ~ 13cm;
S3. cover covering: carry out lid kind with covering after sowing described in step S2, described covering is the mixture of bacterium bag waste material or bacterium bag waste material and soil, described bacterium bag waste material is culture medium waste remaining after the bacterium bag mushroom of plantation mushroom is gathered;
S4. after planting manage: after planting to the management carrying out water management, fertilizing management, weeding, protection against rodents, anti-bird, anti-soil insect before gathering; Treat that spike of rice loses green, clever shell turns yellow, and the grain of rice turns white, and hand is indeformable, and paddy water content is gathered in the crops 18 ~ 25% time.
2. paddy rice nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 direct-seeding planting method, is characterized in that, water management described in described step S4 be keep soil relative water content more than 65%, when soil relative water content higher than 80% time, the duration is no more than 2.5 days.
3. paddy rice nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 direct-seeding planting method, is characterized in that, base fertilizer described in described step S1 is long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer 40kg/667m
2; Or the mixing of diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate applies, and amount of application is followed successively by 7.0-10.0kg/667m
2, 9.0-14.0kg/667m
2, 4.0-5.0kg/667m
2.
4. paddy rice nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 direct-seeding planting method, is characterized in that, pretreatment seed described in described step S2 is gel.
5. paddy rice nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 direct-seeding planting method, is characterized in that, the seeding quantity sowed described in described step S2 is 1300-2100g pretreatment seed/667m
2.
6. paddy rice nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1 direct-seeding planting method, is characterized in that, drought resistance agent described in described step S2 is starch grafted acrylate class drought resistance agent.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106034879A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-26 | 郎溪县飞鲤镇杨静粮食种植家庭农场 | Quick direct-sowing and planting method of rice |
| CN106416648A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-02-22 | 田雨信 | Method for marginal superiority crop planting |
| CN106973735A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-25 | 潘传富 | A kind of method of nonirrigated farmland direct seading rice |
| CN107466759A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2017-12-15 | 黑龙江省水利科学研究院 | The live sprinkling irrigation cultural method of rice dry land |
| CN108142232A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-06-12 | 佳木斯高坤农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method |
| CN108142230A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-06-12 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Shandong District spring rice nonirrigated farmland method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108633425A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 淮阴师范学院 | The safe and efficient environmentally friendly fertilizing method of direct-sowing dry japonica rice after the wheat of North Jiangsu Area |
| CN109258354A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-25 | 全州县咸水虹桥米业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of upland rice |
| CN110367068A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-25 | 吉林省益佳科技有限公司 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland rice cultivating method |
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| CN106034879A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-26 | 郎溪县飞鲤镇杨静粮食种植家庭农场 | Quick direct-sowing and planting method of rice |
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| CN108142230A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-06-12 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Shandong District spring rice nonirrigated farmland method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN108633425A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 淮阴师范学院 | The safe and efficient environmentally friendly fertilizing method of direct-sowing dry japonica rice after the wheat of North Jiangsu Area |
| CN109258354A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-25 | 全州县咸水虹桥米业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of upland rice |
| CN110367068A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-25 | 吉林省益佳科技有限公司 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland rice cultivating method |
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