CN104663207A - Semi-solid-state complex no-tillage dry direct seeding method for crop seeds - Google Patents
Semi-solid-state complex no-tillage dry direct seeding method for crop seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663207A CN104663207A CN201510070550.5A CN201510070550A CN104663207A CN 104663207 A CN104663207 A CN 104663207A CN 201510070550 A CN201510070550 A CN 201510070550A CN 104663207 A CN104663207 A CN 104663207A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a semi-solid-state complex no-tillage dry direct seeding method for crop seeds. The no-tillage dry direct seeding method comprises the following steps: S1, keeping a water layer of 1cm-5cm in a ditch, and paving straws obtained by harvesting preceding crops on a ditch surface; S2, applying a base fertilizer on the ditch surface paved with the straws and cleaning the ditch; S3, seeding the crop seeds on the ditch surface, and mixing the crop seeds with semi-solid-state biomass materials, a compound fertilizer and a biopesticide before seeding before seeding seeds, wherein the mixing mass ratio is that the crop seeds to the semi-solid-state biomass materials to the biopesticide is (1-10) to (70-800) to (1-3), and the moisture content of the semi-solid-state biomass materials is 40%-80%; and S4, after seeding the seeds, keeping the ditch surface at a dry state for 3-7 days. According to the semi-solid-state complex no-tillage dry direct seeding method, tillage and combustion of winter crop straws are not carried out, a whole land of field immersing water is not used for irrigation and the water immerses after the seeding, and the biological benefits are obvious; the working energy consumption is reduced, stubbles are not killed by pesticides, haze is reduced and the irrigation water is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, be specially a kind of no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body.
Background technology
China's total grain output in 2013 surpasses 6.0 hundred million tons according to statistics, estimates, add other crops straws by grain stalk than 1:1.2, produces stalk China's year more than 7.2 hundred million tons.Stalk is rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, and 7.2 hundred million tons of stalks are equivalent to 5,760,000 tons of urea, 8,400,000 tons of superphosphate, 8,400,000 tons of potassium sulfates.
It is effective well stimulation that research shows that crops straw turns over also field, general volume increase more than 4%, and current China agricultural straw resource major part is burned as life fuel or field or thrown aside and huddles, and not only causes stalk resource to waste, also causes environmental pollution.Stalk effectively also field is the current crop production that must solve, particularly grain-production bottleneck.Dry crop inspires the horse race water of bud after producing and broadcasting, soaked field, Rice Production whole ground water is also the bottleneck problem in multiple cropping crop production, China's crop production harvesting generally all uses track combine operation, plow layer dehydrates, to carry harvester operation, after mechanical harvest, subsequent job generally has two kinds of modes, one is as rice does, soaked field of pouring water after operation is whole in order to turning over, soaked field link of pouring water generally every mu need 150 cubes, water, but also require to satisfy the demands to reduce agriculture consumption in the shortest time, therefore often there are water use disputes in Rice Production double rush for harvesting and sowing season, the second way is dry farming, plough after mechanical harvest operation and sow wholely, but because soil is in drying regime, seed germinate in soil must pour water or wait for rainy, if poured water, generally every mu needs more than 20 cubes, water, but often meets resources water shortage, particularly in the fall or meet spring drought, retarded germination causes the underproduction, rain if waited for, uncertain increase, incurs loss through delay seed germinating time, impact high yield.But also require to satisfy the demands to reduce agriculture consumption in the shortest time, therefore often there are water use disputes in crop production receipts, kind season.
China's rice growing in 2012 4.52 hundred million mu, 67,800,000,000 cubes, soaked field use water is the main body of Rice Production water, is again the main body of China's Water Consumption, therefore saves soaked field water concerning China's water overall situation; China's Model on Sown Areas of Farm 23.5 hundred million mu in 2012, except paddy rice, i.e. 1,900,000,000 mu of dry crops, after planting fill with horse race water for every mu and need 38,000,000,000 cubes.China's production estimation in 2012 sowing or transplant soaked field water, broadcast rear fillings water of having a ride on a horse and amount to 1,058 hundred million cubes, not only soaked field water, to broadcast rear filling horse race water number amount large, the more important thing is concerning the production overall situation, if soaked field, whole ground water, broadcast rear horse race water not or not in time, impact to be emerged full stand, cause beginning unfavorable, directly affect this season output, remote-effects lower season crop sowing time, remote-effects annual production.As Rape-seed production, China's rape seed in 2013 1.12 hundred million mu, emerges to promote after broadcasting, and furrow irrigation horse race water, 20 cubes every mu, needing 22.4 hundred million cubes, water, is the main body of Rape-seed production water.The horse race water of Rape-seed production is most important to Rape-seed production, and directly impact is emerged and full stand, is the basis of high yield.Special for China's Rape-seed production, based on winter rape, sow on the occasion of autumn, reservoir level is bottom line closely, and top priority ensures domestic water, the more aobvious preciousness of industrial water, and saving must be in advance.After adopting this technology, without the need to filling with horse race water again, not only saving valuable resource, having the more important thing is the farming season that ensure that Rape-seed production, realized early emerging, go out full stand.
Chinese patent CN200910272552.7 discloses a kind of fixed compartment ditch semilate rice no-tillage cast-transplanted overall aerobic cultivation method, and detail the advantage of the no-tillage cultivation methods of cultivation in the introduction, be conducive to improving soil aeration, reducing the advantages such as greenhouse gas emission, but this invention does not relate to, and straw effectively processes, fertile, improvement of soil fertility cultivation step of economizing on water, this invention with semilate rice-rape double cropping for object, adopt conventional seed planting or transplanting method, can not this example be applied to.
Chinese patent CN201410013807 discloses a kind of sward and divides layer building to utilize rice to make method, in order to solve the problem of crop stem also field, soil aeration and water and fertilizer coupling, by changing soil plough horizon structure, define sposh layer, stalk layer and soil horizon from top to bottom.But this invention take multiple cropping as object, adopt conventional seed planting or transplanting method, can not this example be applied to.
Summary of the invention
Broadcasting preplanting treatment soaked field water to overcome existing crop, broadcasting that rear horse race water water consumption is large, preceding crop straw-returning difficulty and cause crop straw burning, crop drought plants germination rate and emergence rate is low deficiency, the present invention aims to provide a kind of no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body, this cultivation method can realize the efficient coupling of fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, water resource three, reaches water conservation water saving, fertilizer conservation joint fertilizer, increases production the object subtracting this; Realize three to exempt from: no-tillage, unburned winter crops stalk, exempt to fill with soaked field, whole ground water, broadcast rear horse race water, ecological benefits are obvious: reduce operation consumption, exempt from agricultural chemicals stubble-cleaning, reduce haze, reduce irrigation water.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body, it is characterized in that, before direct-sowing dry, stubble field has railway carriage or compartment ditch, is face, railway carriage or compartment between adjacent two railway carriage or compartment ditches; Described no-tillage direct-sowing dry method comprises the following steps:
Keep the water layer of 1cm-5cm in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment before S1, harvesting preceding crop, and harvested for preceding crop stalk or rubbing stalk bits spreading are formed the rhizosphere layer of crop seed on face, railway carriage or compartment;
S2, on the face, railway carriage or compartment of spreading stalk basal dressing, and clear up railway carriage or compartment ditch;
S3, face, railway carriage or compartment is executed and broadcasts crop seed, before sowing, the crop seed after basking seeds and semisolid biomass material, biopesticide are mixed to form crop seed semi-solid bonding body, mixing quality ratio is crop seed: semisolid biomass material: biopesticide=(1-10): (70-800): (1-3); The moisture content of described semisolid biomass material is 40%-80%;
S4, after planting not pour water, continue to keep face, railway carriage or compartment drought status 3-7 day, make face, railway carriage or compartment form semi-solid layer, stalk base manure layer, soil horizon from top to bottom.
Described semi-solid layer be crop seed, semisolid biomass material, biopesticide mixing spread out the top layer be sprinkling upon on stalk base manure layer afterwards, described stalk base manure layer is the stalk of spreading on face, railway carriage or compartment and base manure is mixed to form, described soil horizon is the original soil layer of front stubble field, because no-tillage, so belong to plate field.
The present invention plants owing to adopting drought, eliminates soaked field water, fundamentally solves the problem of soaked field water short supply.The root system of crop can absorb water from semisolid biomass material, normal growth, and in liberal supply owing to being in subenvironment moisture, in the environment of the overall situation relatively dry that underlying surface---stalk, topsoil are formed, moisture supply can be ensured, ventilative state can be formed again, be beneficial to long root and urge tiller.
Under multiple cropping background, due to crop Production of Large Fields anxiety in season, stalk process and soaked field, effective supply whole ground water, broadcast two bottlenecks that rear horse race water is large-scale production, the present invention spatially broadcasts on stalk with the mixture of semisolid biomass material and seed, not only be beneficial to seed sprouting, achieve unburned stalk, can also stalk total crop return on the spot, in progressively putrefaction process, become the rhizosphere layer of preserve moisture and fertility ventilation; Mix with seed with semisolid biomass material, after planting seed can draw the moisture in semisolid biomass material, not only achieves no-tillage, can also exempt to fill with soaked field, whole ground water, broadcast rear horse race water; In time with stalk do face, railway carriage or compartment base wad not only achieve preceding crop harvesting with this season crop-planting between zero agriculture consume, also save the stalk processing time.During south China and northern grain and oil crop are produced, based on two ripe, the three ripe cropping systems of paddy rice, rape, wheat, corn, cropping index is high, soil fertility loss is serious, in the mode of semisolid biomass material and seed mixing capping by preceding crop returning total stalks into fields for reducing haze, improve retention capacity of soil, culture fertility plays an important role.
It is below the technical scheme of further improvement of the present invention
In step S2, adopt ditching machine cleaning railway carriage or compartment ditch, on face, railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the 50%-60% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, the 50%-60% of potash fertilizer total amount and 100% phosphate fertilizer before the ditch of cleaning railway carriage or compartment, or spread fertilizer over the fields the composite fertilizer of equivalent; The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 100.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 150.0kg/h ㎡, the pure K of potash fertilizer
2o is 85.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 120.0kg/h ㎡, the pure P of phosphate fertilizer
2o
5for 50.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 75.0kg/h ㎡.
In step S3, the compound of crop seed and semisolid biomass material, composite fertilizer and agricultural chemicals spreads out into strips and is sprinkling upon on face, railway carriage or compartment, stand, face, each railway carriage or compartment spreads many, and the centre-to-centre spacing of adjacent two is 20cm-30cm, the wide 0.5cm ~ 2.0cm of every bar compound, high 0.5cm ~ 1.0cm.Thus, paved by semisolid biomass material, be paved into thick bar as far as possible, prevent from being paved into thin slice at railway carriage or compartment noodles shape, seed has been admixed in semisolid biomass material, paving process and seeding process.
In step S3, described semisolid biomass material is the semisolid natural pond fertilizer that retting is good, fermented-oil cake and the vinasse not having moldy metamorphism, and the mixing quality ratio of three is that natural pond is fertile: oil cake: vinasse=(100-120): (3 ~ 5): (3 ~ 5).Certainly, if semisolid biomass material prepares and excess moisture in coupling process, dry fine earth is added in right amount; As overdrying can add clear water in right amount;
Described railway carriage or compartment face width 180 ~ 240cm, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 10 ~ 20 cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 15 ~ 30cm.
In step S3, described biopesticide comprises the slurry mud that cauline leaf xeraphium minces and the Garlic Seeds head of garlic is smashed to pieces of cordate houttuynia, and wherein cordate houttuynia cauline leaf xeraphium minces with the mixing quality ratio of Garlic Seeds slurry mud is 1.0:(1.0-1.25).
Select fine day or cloudy day sowing or later stage without little rainy day sowing of heavy rain during sowing, sow complete, prevent poultry and wild bird to peck at the seed sowed, while rainy day open wide discharge outlet, prevent field ponding.Crop seed of the present invention after planting continues to keep drought status 3-7 day, namely keeps face, railway carriage or compartment anhydrous, half ditch-water or anhydrous in ditch.
The moisture content of described semisolid biomass material is 70%-80%, can wrap up effect preferably to Seed Development, is conducive to seed and breaks chest germination.
The amount of applying of described semisolid biomass material is 1000kg/h ㎡ ~ 5500 kg/h ㎡.
In step S3, crop seed is selected from the one in rice paddy seed, rape seed, cotton seeds, soya seeds and corn seed; The amount of broadcasting of described rice paddy seed is: conventional rice seed 60kg ~ 90 kg/h ㎡, hybrid rice 15kg ~ 30 kg/h ㎡, the amount of broadcasting of described rape seed is 4.5kg ~ 6.0kg/h ㎡, the amount of broadcasting of described cotton seeds is 60kg ~ 75 kg/h ㎡, the amount of broadcasting of described soya seeds is 60kg ~ 75 kg/h ㎡, and the amount of broadcasting of described corn seed is 30kg ~ 45 kg/h ㎡.1d ~ the 2d that basks seeds is needed before crop seed sowing.
If crop seed is meticulous when preparing crop seed, as rape seed etc., the semisolid compound that a little dry ground is formed with semisolid biomass material, composite fertilizer, biopesticide more first can be mixed; If seed is excessive, as corn seed etc., then can divide secondary or admix for three times, the seed namely first taking out 1/2nd is for the first time admixed, then admixes 1/2nd of remainder.
Know-why of the present invention is: semisolid biomass material mixes with seed by the present invention, broadcast on the face, railway carriage or compartment being covered with stalk, define semi-solid layer, stalk base manure layer and face, edaphic three-dimensional railway carriage or compartment from top to bottom, change upper soll layer structure, also realize base manure deep placement simultaneously; Railway carriage or compartment ditch accumulation natural precipitation and the efficient draining in narrow railway carriage or compartment, be conducive to crops seedling stage prevention against water-logging, the growth intermediary and later stages improve water use efficiency and soil aeration, and efficient coupling fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, water, reach the object of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, volume increase.Adopt the technology of the present invention can realize three before crop direct-sowing dry and exempt from: no-tillage, unburned preceding crop stalk, to exempt from fill with soaked field, whole ground water and broadcast rear horse race water, ecological benefits are obvious: reduce operation consumption, exempt from agricultural chemicals stubble-cleaning, reduce haze, minimizing irrigation water.
Straw-returning of the present invention possesses following several heavy function:
One is water retaining function, and the stalk that preceding crop leaves over field oppresses by the mixture of upper strata semisolid biomass material and seed the water conservation layer becoming similar cavernous body;
Two is oxygen-enriched functions, and the similar cavernous body that the stalk that preceding crop leaves over field is formed can store air for the respiratory metabolism of crop root mass;
3rd is fertilizer conservation function, used as base manure by chemical fertilizer before ditch cleaning, be scattered in stalk, first chemical fertilizer is absorbed accumulation by stalk after dissolving, upper strata also has the mixture of semisolid biomass material and seed to hide non-volatile, and lower floor oozes under having the topsoil pad do not turned over to delay;
4th is clean stalk function, cause mechanical rotary tillage after crops straw total crop return or turn over operation difficulty thus cause peasant's crop straw burning to remove obstacles, the present invention is no-tillage and adopt the mixture of semisolid biomass material and seed to spread to press stalk thus provide the basal plane that crop seedling grows, and forms stalk clean utilization function.
5th is the function improving fertilizer availability, after the mixture of semisolid biomass material and seed is sowed at face, railway carriage or compartment, seed and semi-solid natural pond fertilizer, oil cake, vinasse are connected as a single entity, beneficial microbe in natural pond fertilizer, oil cake, vinasse, available state element can directly act on root system of plant, favourable Root Absorption, growth, degeneration-resistant, improve fertilizer availability;
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) plough in crop production whole ground soaked field, whole ground water, to broadcast rear horse race water be zero, realizes crop drought kind, per hectare using water wisely 300 ~ 2250 cubes.
2) disposable total crop return and the shallow embedding process realizing crops straw, joins to fertilize simultaneously, avoids chemical fertilizer exposed, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio;
3) change soil plough horizon structure, define semi-solid layer, stalk layer and soil horizon from top to bottom;
4) achieve crop-planting link three to exempt from: no-tillage, unburned stalk, exempt from spraying herbicide, ecological benefits are obvious: decrease operation consumption, decrease haze, decrease pesticide pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is longitudinal tangent plane schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of crop seed semi-solid bonding body of the present invention.
In the drawings:
1-semisolid biomass material; 2-crop seed semi-solid bonding body; 3-crop seed; 4-biopesticide; 5-stalk base manure mixed layer.
Embodiment
A kind of no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body, comprises the following steps:
1) front field management is broadcast: first soil is arranged, can in the past based on, do not plough after preceding crop results, do not pour water, ditch into railway carriage or compartment, soil is in plate earthy state, thus, directly utilize preceding crop to manage face, railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment ditch of formation, only need the soil drawn out by railway carriage or compartment ditch during clear railway carriage or compartment ditch evenly to scatter on face, railway carriage or compartment; Railway carriage or compartment, stubble field face width 180 ~ 240cm, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 10 ~ 20 cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 15 ~ 30cm before direct-sowing dry.Employing combine gathers in, and utilizes the broken careless function of grain header, crops straw is evenly shredded spreading on face, railway carriage or compartment; Without broken careless function, then widen grain header discharge gate, expand face of being scattered, even spreading stalk on face, railway carriage or compartment, employing disc type ditching machine ditch cleaning.
2) broadcast front base manure to use: on face, railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields 60% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount before ditch cleaning, 60% and 100% phosphate fertilizer of potash fertilizer total amount, or spread fertilizer over the fields the composite fertilizer of equivalent; The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 100.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 150.0kg/h ㎡, potash fertilizer K2O be 85.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 120.0kg/h ㎡, phosphate fertilizer P2O5 is 50.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 75.0kg/h ㎡.
3) sow material to prepare: prepare crop seed, natural pond fertilizer, oil cake, vinasse four kinds of monomer material compounds form fertilizer, biopesticide.Described crop seed is the one in the crop seeds such as paddy rice, rape, cotton, soybean, corn, first shines 1d ~ 2d before sowing, then the 8 ~ 12h that soaks seed at normal temperatures; Described natural pond fertilizer is that the natural pond that retting is good is fertile, drains to semisolid, maintains semisolid; Fermented-oil cake; There is no the vinasse of moldy metamorphism.Described biopesticide is that cordate houttuynia and Garlic Seeds mix according to mass ratio 1:1.1, and cordate houttuynia is its cauline leaf, pulverizes after dry; Garlic is its head of garlic and smashs pulping to pieces.Crop seed is the seed of seed soaking 8 ~ 12h, changes water once in the middle of under hot conditions; First natural pond fertilizer, oil cake, vinasse, biopesticide 4 kinds of monomers are mixed into semisolid biomass material, then are mixed into by seed in the composite material of 4 kinds of monomers.
Described seed, natural pond fertilizer, oil cake, vinasse, biopesticide be in mass ratio (1 ~ 10): (100 ~ 120): (3 ~ 5): (3 ~ 5): the ratio mixing of (1 ~ 3), stirs and form bio-fertilizer seed compound; Conventional rice, hybrid rice, rape, cotton, soybean, the corn seed amount of broadcasting are respectively 60kg ~ 90 kg/h ㎡, 15kg ~ 30 kg/h ㎡, 3kg ~ 4.5 kg/h ㎡, 60kg ~ 75 kg/h ㎡, 60kg ~ 75 kg/h ㎡, 30kg ~ 45 kg/h ㎡, and the amount of sowing of semisolid biomass material is 2000 kg/h ㎡.Described coupling, by the organic mixing in order in proportion of above-mentioned 5 kinds of monomers.
The compound of described crop seed and semisolid biomass material, composite fertilizer and agricultural chemicals spreads out into strips and is sprinkling upon on face, railway carriage or compartment, and stand, face, each railway carriage or compartment spreads many, and the centre-to-centre spacing of adjacent two is 20cm-30cm, the wide 0.5cm ~ 2.0cm of every bar compound, high 0.5cm ~ 1.0cm.
4) no-tillage direct-sowing dry with broadcast rear management: the compound of semisolid biomass material and seed is seeded in face, railway carriage or compartment, with mixing with broadcasting; Be suitable in fine day or cloudy day sowing, little rainy day sowing should be follow-up weather without heavy rain, and the large rainy day can not be sowed; Do not pour water, keep the state in nonirrigated farmland, face, railway carriage or compartment, prevent poultry and wild bird to peck at the seed sowed; Rainy day opens wide discharge outlet, prevents field ponding.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiments only for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen into the application's claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body, is characterized in that, stubble field has railway carriage or compartment ditch before direct-sowing dry or newly opens railway carriage or compartment ditch, is face, railway carriage or compartment between adjacent two railway carriage or compartment ditches; Described no-tillage direct-sowing dry method comprises the following steps:
Keep the water layer of 1cm-5cm in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment before S1, harvesting preceding crop, and harvested for preceding crop stalk or rubbing stalk bits spreading are formed the rhizosphere layer of crop seed on face, railway carriage or compartment;
S2, on the face, railway carriage or compartment of spreading stalk basal dressing, and clear up railway carriage or compartment ditch;
S3, face, railway carriage or compartment is executed and broadcasts crop seed, before sowing, the crop seed after basking seeds and semisolid biomass material and biopesticide are mixed to form crop seed semi-solid bonding body, mixing quality ratio is crop seed: semisolid biomass material: biopesticide=(1-10): (70-800): (1-3); The moisture content of described semisolid biomass material is 40%-80%;
S4, after planting not pour water, continue to keep face, railway carriage or compartment drought status 3-7 day, make face, railway carriage or compartment form semi-solid layer, stalk base manure layer, soil horizon from top to bottom.
2. the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step S2, adopt ditching machine cleaning railway carriage or compartment ditch, on face, railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields the 50%-60% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, the 50%-60% of potash fertilizer total amount and 100% phosphate fertilizer before the ditch of cleaning railway carriage or compartment, or spread fertilizer over the fields the composite fertilizer of equivalent; The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 100.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 150.0kg/h ㎡, the pure K of potash fertilizer
2o is 85.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 120.0kg/h ㎡, the pure P of phosphate fertilizer
2o
5for 50.0k g/h ㎡ ~ 75.0kg/h ㎡.
3. the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step S3, the compound of crop seed and semisolid biomass material, composite fertilizer and agricultural chemicals spreads out into strips and is sprinkling upon on face, railway carriage or compartment, stand, face, each railway carriage or compartment spreads many, the centre-to-centre spacing of adjacent two is 20cm-30cm, the wide 0.5cm ~ 2.0cm of every bar compound, high 0.5cm ~ 1.0cm.
4. according to the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, in step S3, described semisolid biomass material is the semisolid natural pond fertilizer that retting is good, fermented-oil cake and the vinasse not having moldy metamorphism, and the mixing quality ratio of three is that natural pond is fertile: oil cake: vinasse=(100-120): (3 ~ 5): (3 ~ 5).
5. according to the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, described railway carriage or compartment face width 180 ~ 240cm, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 10 ~ 20 cm, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 15 ~ 30cm.
6. according to the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, in step S3, described biopesticide comprises the slurry mud that cauline leaf xeraphium minces and the Garlic Seeds head of garlic is smashed to pieces of cordate houttuynia, and wherein cordate houttuynia cauline leaf xeraphium minces with the mixing quality ratio of Garlic Seeds slurry mud is 1.0:1.0-1.25.
7. according to the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, select fine day or cloudy day sowing or later stage without the little rainy day sowing of heavy rain during sowing, sow complete, prevent poultry and wild bird to peck at the seed sowed, open wide discharge outlet rainy day simultaneously, prevent field ponding.
8. according to the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, the moisture content of described semisolid biomass material is 70%-80%.
9. according to the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, the amount of applying of described semisolid biomass material is 1000kg/h ㎡ ~ 5500kg/h ㎡.
10., according to the no-tillage direct-sowing dry method of crop seed semi-solid bonding body one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, in step S3, crop seed is selected from the one in rice paddy seed, rape seed, cotton seeds, soya seeds and corn seed; The amount of broadcasting of described rice paddy seed is: conventional rice seed 60kg ~ 90 kg/h ㎡, hybrid rice 15kg ~ 30 kg/h ㎡, the amount of broadcasting of described rape seed is 4.5kg ~ 6.0kg/h ㎡, the amount of broadcasting of described cotton seeds is 60kg ~ 75 kg/h ㎡, the amount of broadcasting of described soya seeds is 60kg ~ 75 kg/h ㎡, and the amount of broadcasting of described corn seed is 30kg ~ 45 kg/h ㎡.
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