CN103548632B - Double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method - Google Patents
Double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method which comprises the following steps of: a, cleaning a ditch and draining in winter, to be specific, ditching to let rice field leakage water go in winter so as to keep no accumulated water on a field surface before seedling throwing of early season rice; b, performing no-tillage planting and management on the early season rice, to be specific, growing seedlings of the early season rice by using a plastic soft tray, throwing the seedlings when the seedlings have 3.5-4.5 leaves, and wetting as well as irrigating the early season rice in the whole process; c, utilizing straws of the early season rice, to be specific, remaining high stubbles while harvesting the early season rice; d, performing no-tillage planting and management on late rice, to be specific, growing seedlings of the late rice by using the plastic soft tray or growing the seedlings in a dry manner without the tray, and adopting an irrigation mode of irrigating shallowly and exposing the field; e, utilizing the straws of the late rice, to be specific, remaining high stubbles while harvesting the late rice. The double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method solves the problems of great tillage labor intensity, slow nutrient transformation, easy runt seedlings and no growth of the rice, late maturity, low yield and the like of soil gleyization and secondary soil gleyization rice production in south rice areas, is a matured production technology for improving low-yield rice fields in soil gleyization and secondary soil gleyization, and achieves great application and generalization values in the aspects of reducing agricultural production cost, improving soil organic matters, decreasing fertilizer applying amount, increasing rice yield, improving moisture and fertility preservation performances of soil and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method.
Background technology
Soil gleying is that soil is in the saturated or supersaturation of underground water and under forming long-term wet face state, in the soil body in lm, some interval redox potential (Eh) is at below 200mv, and occur because Fe, Mn reduction and generate grey speck lamina, sapropel layer, blue mud layer, peat horizon soil forming process.Soil Secondary gleying refers to because of the artificial origin such as farming or irrigation, and soil (mainly paddy soil) changes the process of high-order incobation type into from non-incobation type, often shows as in the 50cm soil body and occurs blue mud layer.South China has gleying or more than 400 ten thousand hectares, secondary gleyization rice field, half is about had to be cold waterlogged paddy field, be distributed widely in river, lake and flat area, and the intermountain tectonic basin in Jiangnan Qiuling area, being one of obstruction factor of agricultural development, is also that middle-and-low-yielding fields soil melioration needs key problems-solving.
Gleying and secondary gleyization soil mainly comprise the disadvantageous obstruction factor of paddy growth: the many stain evils of water; Water, soil temperature degree are low; Soil structure is poor, and quality is sticky heavy, and venting capability is poor; Reproducibility harmful substance is many; Biologically active is low; Fertilizer is slow, and available nutrient lacks.At gleying and secondary gleyization paddy soil rice cultivation according to a conventional method, paddy growth to there will be black root, stiff seedling, tardy, the situations such as the later stage is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, damage by disease and insect is many early stage, thus causes slow ripe low yield.Simultaneously gleying and secondary gleyization soil also in close relations with Methane Emission, along with the reinforcement of Soil gleyization, Soil Eh reduces, and methane emission flux increases, thus causes adverse effect to ecotope.
Improvement and the administering method measure of usual employing have: dig trenches to drain the water away, and eliminate stain evil, ditch around gleying and secondary gleyization soil, irrigation and drainage are separated, and prevent string from filling with.Open drain cost is lower, but covered conduit effect is better, and ditch is apart from being advisable with 6 ~ 8m (rich clay) and 10 ~ 15m (light clay); Diversified farming, comprehensive utilization, gleying and secondary gleyization soil can be combined with cultivating system, as rice field-fish pond, rice field-duck-fish system; Or open up as the economic crops such as shallow water lotus root, water chestnut field.With good conditionsily implement rice field-upland field rotation; The rational application of fertilizer, the benefit of gleying and secondary gleyization soil nitrogenous fertilizer reduces greatly, should execute phosphorus, potassium, siliceous fertilizer to obtain volume increase; Adopt annidation measure, explore and cultivate resistance to gleying paddy rice breeding, develop resistance to stain plant variety.But, in these ameliorative measures, there is the defects such as running cost is high, quantities is large, effect of increasing production is limited.For ensureing national food security, improving the rice yield of middle-and-low-yielding fields, gleying and secondary gleyization paddy field are needed badly the rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing of supporting saving of labor cost-saving.
Summary of the invention
The present invention by two no-tillage, two season in season rice transplanting and total straw also to apply fertilizer to relevant and field management measure matches in field, the labour intensity of turning over solved in South Rice Region of China gleying and secondary gleyization Rice Production is large, Nutrient Transformation is slow, the problems such as the easy stiff seedling of paddy rice is not sent out, slow ripe low yield, reducing agriculture production cost, in the preserve moisture and fertility performance etc. that promotes the soil organic matter, reduce applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, increase rice yield and improve soil, effect is remarkable.Be a kind of improve peasant planting paddy rice economic benefit two season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
Pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation a Rice Production method, comprise the steps:
A, ditch cleaning draining in winter:
Winter, trench digging flowed away seepage loss in paddy rice field water, kept face, field not ponding before making early rice rice transplanting;
B, early rice zero tillage and management:
Early rice plastic floppy disk nursery, carries out rice transplanting by rice shoot between 3.5 ~ 4.5 leaves, throws 2.6 ~ 3.3 ten thousand plants/acre, basal dressing in 3 ~ 5 days after rice transplanting, spraying fertilizer in 10 ~ 20 days after rice transplanting for every mu, the omnidistance moistening irrigation of early rice;
C, early rice straw utilize:
When early rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of early rice straw stays 40 ~ 60cm Tanaka, early rice total straw also field, latter 1 ~ 2 day of early rice results, field weeding;
D, late rice zero tillage and management:
Late rice is with plastic floppy disk nursery or without dish Dry Breeding Seedlings, breeding use floppy disk carries out rice transplanting between 3.5 ~ 4.5 leaves, between 4.0 ~ 5.0 leaves, carry out rice transplanting without dish Dry Breeding Seedlings, throw 1.8 ~ 2.2 ten thousand plants/acre for every mu, basal dressing in 1 ~ 5 day after 1 ~ 2 day or rice transplanting before rice transplanting, spraying fertilizer in 7 ~ 15 days after rice transplanting, late rice early stage shallow irrigation, late tillering state dry field, rehydration after 5 ~ 10 days, later stage moistening irrigation, draining dry field after milk ripe stage;
E, late rice straw utilize:
When late rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of late rice straw stays 40 ~ 60cm Tanaka, and even preparation Second Year early rice also field dialled by the late rice straw gathered in.
In described step b, early-rice seedlings Fruit variety tillering ability is strong, plant is short, resistant to lodging, blade straight, the product of the about 106 days time of infertility and stable high yield.
In described step b, base manure uses composite fertilizer 15-15-15 or 16-16-1625 ~ 45kg/ mu or composite fertilizer 12-6-740 ~ 60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10 ~ 20kg/ mu.
In described step b, topdress employing urea, executes urea 6 ~ 12kg/ mu.
In described step c, field weeding adopts herbicide spraying, and described weed killer herbicide selects paraquat, Kirchhoff integral or glyphosate.
In described steps d, the Fruit variety tillering ability of late rice rice shoot is medium, lodging resistance is strong, the later stage discolors, the product of the about 118 days time of infertility and high and stable yield.
In described steps d, base manure uses composite fertilizer 15-15-15 or 16-16-1625 ~ 45kg/ mu or composite fertilizer 12-6-740 ~ 60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10 ~ 20kg/ mu.
In described steps d, urea 6 ~ 12kg/ mu and potassium chloride 5 ~ 7.5kg/ mu are executed in employing of topdressing.
In described step c neutralization procedure e, straw incorporation comprises dials even also field or part burning also field.
Adopt said method, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, present invention improves the growing environment of paddy soil and the matching condition of paddy growth environment in gleying and secondary gleyization Rice Production, winter digs trenches to drain the water away, the complete sets of Techniques such as the moistening irrigation early in late rice, dry field, no-tillage and rice straw mulching uses, improve the structures and characteristics of soil, solve the stiff seedling in rice field and do not send out and the problem such as slow ripe low yield.
2, the present invention's method of taking two season no-tillage, reduces rice field and to turn over recruitment, reduce agriculture production cost, reduce water and soil loss, reduce greenhouse gas emission, improve farmland ecological environment; Reduce work production intensity, reduce energy consumption, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction.
3, the invention solves the problem of double rice cropping system straw incorporation, achieve early late rice two season total straw also field, straw recycles on the spot, avoid the waste of resource, decrease the labour of straw carrying, to foster and apply fertilizer soil productivity, reducing fertilizer amount, improve soil quality, is the important foundation work of the high-quality and efficient and sustainable development of agricultural.
4, present invention reduces the input of fertilizers input particularly potash fertilizer, farthest can play the compounding application effect of straw and chemical fertilizer, the organic matter table that straw is formed gathers and causes the preserve moisture and fertility performance of soil to strengthen, and has good effect to carbon fixation and emission reduction.
5, late rice adopts drought to educate seedlings band soil rice transplanting, more flexible on the time, effectively can alleviate the water shortage problem during late rice rice transplanting, if rice shoot does not also have rice transplanting condition more than 5.0 leaves, only needs to strengthen density of seedling broadcasting and just can ensure output.
Therefore, the present invention is by large for the labour intensity of turning over solved in South Rice Region of China gleying and secondary gleyization Rice Production, Nutrient Transformation is slow, the problems such as the easy stiff seedling of paddy rice is not sent out, slow ripe low yield, be improvement gleying and a ripe production technology of secondary gleyization middle low paddy field soil, reducing agriculture production cost, in the preserve moisture and fertility performance etc. that promotes the soil organic matter, reduce applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, increase rice yield and improve soil, there is larger application and popularization value.
In sum, the present invention is directed to paddy growth on soil gleying and secondary gleyization paddy soil slow for early stage, the productive prospecting that later stage is fast, according to current morning, the soil characteristics in late rice productive prospecting and gleying and secondary gleyization rice field, the double cropping rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method in a kind of gleying and secondary gleyization rice field is provided, no-tillage by two season, two season rice transplanting and total straw also to apply fertilizer to relevant and field management measure matches in field, reach the input reducing fertilizers input particularly potash fertilizer, reduce rice field to turn over recruitment, reduce agriculture production cost, reduce water and soil loss, reduce greenhouse gas emission, improve farmland ecological environment, reduce work production intensity, reduce energy consumption, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, improve land resources utilization rate and output capacity, improve rice yield, improve rice field integrated production capacity, increase farmers' income, promote comprehensive agricultural development, promote growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income, every mu of two seasons volume increase paddy, 100 ~ 200kg can be reached by this technology, save input 100 ~ 300 yuan.And can extensive use in the high-yield and high-efficiency production practices of gleying and secondary gleyization paddy field.
Embodiment
Further describe the embodiment of this patent below.
The present invention selects gleying and secondary gleyization paddy field production area.(tillering ability is strong, plant is short, resistant to lodging, blade straight, the time of infertility is about 106d, stable high yield to select suitable early rice, as Hunan early No. 24, Xian or Hunan early No. 13, Xian) and Varieties In Late Rice (tillering ability is medium, lodging resistance is strong, the later stage discolors, the time of infertility is about 118d, high and stable yield, as standard two excellent 608 or Feng Yuan excellent 299).Begin sowing in good time, cultivate strong seedling.Throw sufficient Basic Seedling, early rice throws 2.6 ~ 3.3 ten thousand plants/acre, and late rice throws 1.8 ~ 2.2 ten thousand plants/acre; Balance fertilizing, basal dressing in 3 ~ 5 days after early rice rice transplanting, base manure uses composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25 ~ 45kg/ mu or composite fertilizer (12-6-7) 40 ~ 60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10 ~ 20kg/ mu, spraying fertilizer in 10 ~ 20 days after rice transplanting, executes urea 6 ~ 12kg/ mu; Basal dressing in 1 ~ 5 day after 1 ~ 2 day or rice transplanting before late rice rice transplanting, base manure uses composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25 ~ 45kg/ mu or composite fertilizer (12-6-7) 40 ~ 60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10 ~ 20kg/ mu, spraying fertilizer in 7 ~ 15 days after rice transplanting, executes urea 6 ~ 12kg/ mu and potassium chloride 5 ~ 7.5kg/ mu.Straw utilizes: early rice results rice stubble stays 40 ~ 60cm, dials even also field or burns part also field, after results 1 ~ 2 day herbicide spraying (paraquat, Kirchhoff integral and glyphosate) prevent weeds in field; If low stake results early rice (low stake is here that rice stubble height is less than 20cm), because the straw cut off is more, therefore straw sand is mixed straw decomposing inoculant process or is burned part straw, and herbicide spraying (paraquat, Kirchhoff integral and glyphosate etc.), timely weeding stubble-cleaning; Late rice results rice stubble stays 40 ~ 60cm, dials even preparation Second Year early rice also field.Irrigate, the omnidistance moistening irrigation (moistening irrigation: make paddy field moisture close to saturated, but do not set up the irrigation method of water layer of early rice.); Late rice adopt " light irrigation-open field " Irrigation (" light irrigation-open field " Irrigation be in earlier stage shallow irrigation, late tillering state dry field, rehydration after 5 ~ 10 days, later stage moistening irrigation, draining dry field after milk ripe stage).Other manages same Routine Management.Winter, trench digging flowed away seepage loss in paddy rice field water, keep face, field not ponding until before early rice rice transplanting.
Embodiment 1
Select double cropping rice production area, ChangSha, Hunan Province county---Wan Long village, Gan Shan town, about 50 mu secondary gleyization rice fields (rushing spring field).Early rice is in flexible-disc seedling-slinging on April 24, and during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.0 leaves, throws 2.8 ten thousand strains for every mu, rice varieties is Hunan early No. 24, Xian, rice transplanting 3 days Hou Shiyangfeng composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/ mu, be affixed by carbon ammonium 15kg/ mu, rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 12 days.Other management is with early rice Routine Management.Early rice average yield 425kg/ mu.Early rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, and even also field dialled by straw, gathers in the crops with straw decomposing inoculant process straw in latter 1 ~ 2 day, and herbicide spraying paraquat, weeding stubble-cleaning.Late rice is in flexible-disc seedling-slinging on July 14, during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.0 leaves, throw 1.8 ten thousand strains for every mu, Varieties In Late Rice is as the criterion two excellent 608, rice transplanting 3 days Hou Shiyangfeng composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/ mu, be affixed by carbon ammonium 15kg/ mu, rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 10 days, potassium chloride 7.5kg/ mu.Other management is with late rice Routine Management.Late rice average yield 586kg/ mu.Late rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, and even also field dialled by straw.Ditch cleaning draining in winter.This test field has been carried out the rice high yield high benefit installation pattern of 16 years two seasons no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation.
Embodiment 2
Select double cropping rice production area, Liuyang City of Hunan Province---cypress township, Zhen Tou town, about 30 mu gleying rice fields (cold waterlogged paddy field).Early rice is in flexible-disc seedling-slinging on April 24, and during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.0 leaves, throws 3.0 ten thousand strains for every mu, rice varieties is Hunan early No. 13, Xian, rice transplanting 3 Tian Houshixing Hunan composite fertilizer (12-6-7) 50kg/ mu, be affixed by carbon ammonium 10kg/ mu, rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 12 days.Other management is with early rice Routine Management.Early rice average yield 416kg/ mu.Early rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, rice straw burning part also field, sprays glyphosate herbicidal weeding after results in 1 ~ 2 day.Late rice in July 20 drought educate seedlings band soil rice transplanting, during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.5 leaves, throw 2.0 ten thousand strains for every mu, Varieties In Late Rice is Feng Yuan excellent 299, rice transplanting 3 Tian Houshixing Hunan composite fertilizer (12-6-7) 50kg/ mu, be affixed by carbon ammonium 10kg/ mu, rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 10 days, potassium chloride 7.5kg/ mu.Other management is with late rice Routine Management.Late rice average yield 565kg/ mu.Late rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, and even also field dialled by straw.Ditch cleaning draining in winter.This experimental field is the rice high yield high benefit installation pattern that First Year enters rows in two seasons no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation.
Claims (7)
1. two season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation a Rice Production method, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A, ditch cleaning draining in winter:
Winter, trench digging flowed away seepage loss in paddy rice field water, kept face, field not ponding before making early rice rice transplanting;
B, early rice zero tillage and management:
Early rice plastic floppy disk nursery, rice shoot is carried out rice transplanting between 3.5 ~ 4.5 leaves, throw 2.6 ~ 3.3 ten thousand plants/acre for every mu, basal dressing in 3 ~ 5 days after rice transplanting, spraying fertilizer in 10 ~ 20 days after rice transplanting, the omnidistance moistening irrigation of early rice, early-rice seedlings Fruit variety tillering ability is strong, plant is short, resistant to lodging, blade straight, the product of the about 106 days time of infertility and stable high yield;
C, early rice straw utilize:
When early rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of early rice straw stays 40 ~ 60cm Tanaka, early rice total straw also field, latter 1 ~ 2 day of early rice results, field weeding;
D, late rice zero tillage and management:
Late rice is with plastic floppy disk nursery or without dish Dry Breeding Seedlings, breeding use floppy disk carries out rice transplanting between 3.5 ~ 4.5 leaves, between 4.0 ~ 5.0 leaves, rice transplanting is carried out without dish Dry Breeding Seedlings, throw 1.8 ~ 2.2 ten thousand plants/acre for every mu, basal dressing in 1 ~ 5 day after 1 ~ 2 day or rice transplanting before rice transplanting, spraying fertilizer in 7 ~ 15 days after rice transplanting, late rice shallow irrigation in early stage, late tillering state dry field, rehydration after 5 ~ 10 days, later stage moistening irrigation, draining dry field after milk ripe stage, the Fruit variety tillering ability of late rice rice shoot is medium, lodging resistance is strong, later stage discolors, the product of the about 118 days time of infertility and high and stable yield,
E, late rice straw utilize:
When late rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of late rice straw stays 40 ~ 60cm Tanaka, and even preparation Second Year early rice also field dialled by the late rice straw gathered in.
2. according to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method, it is characterized in that, in described step b, composite fertilizer 15-15-15 or 16-16-1625 ~ 45kg/ mu used by base manure, or composite fertilizer 12-6-740 ~ 60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10 ~ 20kg/ mu.
3. according to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method, it is characterized in that, in described step b, topdress employing urea, executes urea 6 ~ 12kg/ mu.
4. according to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method, it is characterized in that, in described step c, field weeding adopts herbicide spraying, and described weed killer herbicide selects paraquat, Kirchhoff integral or glyphosate.
5. according to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, composite fertilizer 15-15-15 or 16-16-1625 ~ 45kg/ mu used by base manure, or composite fertilizer 12-6-740 ~ 60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10 ~ 20kg/ mu.
6. according to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, urea 6 ~ 12kg/ mu and potassium chloride 5 ~ 7.5kg/ mu are executed in employing of topdressing.
7. according to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation Rice Production method, it is characterized in that, in described step c neutralization procedure e, straw incorporation comprises dials even also field or part burns also field.
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| CN1116793C (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2003-08-06 | 中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所 | Earlily seeding and sparsely planting high yield cultivation method of double-harvest rice |
| CN1489892A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-04-21 | 孙展男 | Fully no-tillage early and late rice throwing culture |
| JP2008000130A (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2008-01-10 | Shigeyuki Tsutsui | Weeding method in paddy field |
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| CN103039313A (en) * | 2012-12-22 | 2013-04-17 | 苍溪县农业技术推广站 | Pollution-free high-yield rice cultivating method |
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