CN103548632A - Double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method - Google Patents
Double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method which comprises the following steps of: a, cleaning a ditch and draining in winter, to be specific, ditching to let rice field leakage water go in winter so as to keep no accumulated water on a field surface before seedling throwing of early season rice; b, performing no-tillage planting and management on the early season rice, to be specific, growing seedlings of the early season rice by using a plastic soft tray, throwing the seedlings when the seedlings have 3.5-4.5 leaves, and wetting as well as irrigating the early season rice in the whole process; c, utilizing straws of the early season rice, to be specific, remaining high stubbles while harvesting the early season rice; d, performing no-tillage planting and management on late rice, to be specific, growing seedlings of the late rice by using the plastic soft tray or growing the seedlings in a dry manner without the tray, and adopting an irrigation mode of irrigating shallowly and exposing the field; e, utilizing the straws of the late rice, to be specific, remaining high stubbles while harvesting the late rice. The double-cropping no-tillage seedling-throwing straw-to-farmland rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method solves the problems of great tillage labor intensity, slow nutrient transformation, easy runt seedlings and no growth of the rice, late maturity, low yield and the like of soil gleyization and secondary soil gleyization rice production in south rice areas, is a matured production technology for improving low-yield rice fields in soil gleyization and secondary soil gleyization, and achieves great application and generalization values in the aspects of reducing agricultural production cost, improving soil organic matters, decreasing fertilizer applying amount, increasing rice yield, improving moisture and fertility preservation performances of soil and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing.
Background technology
Soil gleying is soil saturated or supersaturation and forming under long-term wet face state in underground water, in the soil body in lm, some interval redox potential (Eh) is below 200mv, and occurs the soil forming process because of grey speck lamina that Fe, Mn reduction generates, sapropel layer, blue mud layer, peat horizon.Soil Secondary gleying refers to because of artificial origins such as farming or irrigations, and soil (being mainly paddy soil) changes the process of high-order incobation type into from non-incobation type, often shows as and in the 50cm soil body, occurs blue mud layer.South China has more than 400 ten thousand hectares, gleying or secondary gleyization rice field, approximately having half is cold waterlogged paddy field, be distributed widely in ,Hu Ji flat area, river, and the intermountain tectonic basin in Jiangnan Qiuling area, being one of obstruction factor of agricultural development, is also the problem that middle-and-low-yielding fields soil melioration needs emphasis to solve.
Gleying and secondary gleyization soil mainly comprise the disadvantageous obstruction factor of paddy growth: water steeps evil more; Water, soil temperature degree are low; Soil structure is poor, and quality is sticky heavy, and venting capability is poor; Reproducibility harmful substance is many; Biologically active is low; Fertilizer is slow, and available nutrient lacks.At gleying and secondary gleyization paddy soil rice cultivation according to a conventional method, the situation such as paddy growth there will be black root, stiff seedling, tardy in earlier stage, and the later stage is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, damage by disease and insect is many, thus cause slow ripe low yield.Gleying simultaneously and secondary gleyization soil are also in close relations with Methane Emission, and along with the reinforcement of Soil gleyization, Soil Eh reduces, and methane emission flux increases, thereby ecotope is caused to adverse effect.
Conventionally the improvement adopting and improvement method and measure have: dig trenches to drain the water away, eliminate and steep evil, in gleying and secondary gleyization soil, around ditch, irrigation and drainage are separated, prevent from going here and there and fill with.Open drain cost is lower, but covered conduit effect is better, and ditch distance is with 6～8m(rich clay) and 10～15m(light clay) be advisable; Diversified farming, comprehensive utilization, gleying and secondary gleyization soil can be combined with cultivating system, as rice field-fish pond, rice field-duck-fish system; Or open up as economic crops fields such as shallow water lotus root, water chestnuts.With good conditionsily implement rice field-upland field rotation; The rational application of fertilizer, the benefit of gleying and secondary gleyization soil nitrogenous fertilizer reduces greatly, should execute phosphorus, potassium, siliceous fertilizer to obtain volume increase; Adopt annidation measure, explore and cultivate resistance to gleying paddy rice breeding, develop resistance to stain plant variety.But, in these ameliorative measures, exist the defects such as running cost is high, quantities is large, effect of increasing production is limited.For guaranteeing national food safety, improve the rice yield of middle-and-low-yielding fields, on gleying and secondary gleyization paddy field, need the rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing of supporting saving of labor cost-saving badly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention by no-tillage, two season in two seasons rice transplanting and total straw also match to relevant fertilising and field management measure in field, the labour intensity of turning over solving in South Rice Region of China gleying and secondary gleyization Rice Production is large, Nutrient Transformation is slow, the problems such as the easy stiff seedling of paddy rice is not sent out, slow ripe low yield are remarkable in the aspect effects such as preserve moisture and fertility performance that reduce agriculture production cost, the lifting soil organic matter, minimizing applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, increase rice yield and raising soil.Be a kind of improve peasant planting paddy rice economic benefit two season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
Season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation a rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, comprise the steps:
A, ditch cleaning draining in winter:
The winter trench digging seepage loss in paddy rice field water that flows away, makes to keep not ponding of field face before early rice rice transplanting;
B, early rice zero tillage and management:
Early rice is grown seedlings with plastic floppy disk, rice shoot is carried out between 3.5～4.5 leaves to rice transplanting, throws 2.6～3.3 ten thousand plants/acre for every mu, basal dressing in 3～5 days after rice transplanting, spraying fertilizer in 10～20 days after rice transplanting, the omnidistance moistening irrigation of early rice;
C, early rice straw utilize:
When early rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of early rice straw stays 40～60cm Tanaka, and early rice total straw is field also, latter 1～2 day of early rice results, field weeding;
D, late rice zero tillage and management:
Late rice with plastic floppy disk, grow seedlings or without dish non-irrigated seedling raising, breeding use floppy disk carries out rice transplanting between 3.5～4.5 leaves, without the non-irrigated seedling raising of dish, between 4.0～5.0 leaves, carry out rice transplanting, throw 1.8～2.2 ten thousand plants/acre, basal dressing in 1～5 day after first 1～2 day of rice transplanting or rice transplanting for every mu, spraying fertilizer in 7～15 days after rice transplanting, late rice early stage shallow irrigation, late tillering state dry field, rehydration after 5～10 days, later stage moistening irrigation, draining dry field after milk ripe stage;
E, late rice straw utilize:
When late rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of late rice straw stays 40～60cm Tanaka, and the late rice straw gathering in is dialled also field of even preparation Second Year early rice.
In described step b, early rice sprouts kind select that tillering ability is strong, plant is short, resistant to lodging, blade is straight, the product of the approximately 106 days time of infertility and stable high yield.
In described step b, base manure is used composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25～45kg/ Mu Huo composite fertilizers (12-6-7) 40～60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10～20kg/ mu.
In described step b, the employing urea that topdresses, executes urea 6～12kg/ mu.
In described step c, field weeding adopts herbicide spraying, and described weed killer herbicide selects paraquat, gram without track or glyphosate.
In described steps d, the kind of late rice rice shoot selects that tillering ability is medium, lodging resistance strong, the later stage discolors, the product of the approximately 118 days time of infertility and high and stable yield.
In described steps d, base manure is used composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25～45kg/ Mu Huo composite fertilizers (12-6-7) 40～60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10～20kg/ mu.
In described steps d, topdress to adopt and execute urea 6～12kg/ mu and potassium chloride 5～7.5kg/ mu.
In described step c neutralization procedure e, straw incorporation comprises to be dialled even also field or partly burns also field.
Adopt said method, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention has improved the growing environment of paddy soil and the matching condition of paddy growth environment in gleying and secondary gleyization Rice Production, dig trenches to drain the water away winter, the complete sets of Techniques such as the early moistening irrigation in late rice, dry field, no-tillage and straw covering are used, improved structure and the character of soil, solved the stiff seedling in rice field and do not sent out and the problem such as slow ripe low yield.
2, the present invention takes no-tillage method of two seasons, reduces the rice field recruitment of turning over, and reduces agriculture production cost, reduces water and soil loss, reduces greenhouse gas emission, improves farmland ecological environment; Reduce work production intensity, reduce energy consumption, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction.
3, the invention solves the problem of double rice cropping system straw incorporation, realized early two season of late rice total straw field also, straw recycles on the spot, avoided resource waste, reduced the labour of straw carrying, the soil productivity of having fostered and apply fertilizer, reducing fertilizer amount, improve soil quality, is the important foundation work of the high-quality and efficient and sustainable development of agricultural.
4, the present invention has reduced the particularly input of potash fertilizer of fertilizers input, can farthest bring into play the compounding application effect of straw and chemical fertilizer, and the poly-preserve moisture and fertility performance of soil that causes of organic matter table that straw forms strengthens, and carbon fixation and emission reduction is had to good effect.
5, late rice adopts drought to educate seedlings band soil rice transplanting, more flexible on the time, can effectively alleviate the water shortage problem during late rice rice transplanting, if rice shoot surpasses 5.0 leaves, also there is no rice transplanting condition, and only need to strengthen density of seedling broadcasting just can guarantee output.
Therefore, the present invention is large by the labour intensity of turning over solving in South Rice Region of China gleying and secondary gleyization Rice Production, Nutrient Transformation is slow, the problems such as the easy stiff seedling of paddy rice is not sent out, slow ripe low yield, be a ripe production technology that improves gleying and secondary gleyization middle low paddy field soil, at the aspects such as preserve moisture and fertility performance that reduce agriculture production cost, the lifting soil organic matter, minimizing applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, increase rice yield and raising soil, there is larger application and popularization value.
In sum, the present invention is directed on soil gleying and secondary gleyization paddy soil paddy growth slow early stage, the production feature that later stage is fast, according to current morning, the soil characteristics in late rice production feature and gleying and secondary gleyization rice field, the double cropping rice high-yield and high-efficiency production method in a kind of gleying and secondary gleyization rice field is provided, no-tillage by two seasons, two season rice transplanting and total straw also match to relevant fertilising and field management measure in field, reach and reduce the particularly input of potash fertilizer of fertilizers input, reduce the rice field recruitment of turning over, reduce agriculture production cost, reduce water and soil loss, reduce greenhouse gas emission, improve farmland ecological environment, reduce work production intensity, reduce energy consumption, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, improve land resources utilization rate and output capacity, improve rice yield, improve rice field integrated production capacity, increase farmers' income, promote comprehensive agricultural development, promote growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income, by this technology, can reach every mu of two seasons volume increase paddy, 100～200kg, save and drop into 100～300 yuan.And can extensive use in the high-yield and high-efficiency production practices of gleying and secondary gleyization paddy field.
Embodiment
Further describe the embodiment of this patent below.
The present invention selects gleying and secondary gleyization paddy field production area.(tillering ability is strong, plant is short, resistant to lodging, blade is straight, the time of infertility about 106d, stable high yield to select suitable early rice, as Hunan No. 24, Xian or Hunan No. 13, Xian early early) and Varieties In Late Rice (tillering ability is medium, lodging resistance is strong, the later stage discolors, the time of infertility about 118d, high and stable yield, as standard two excellent 608 or Feng Yuan excellent 299).Begin sowing in good time, cultivate strong seedling.Throw sufficient Basic Seedling, early rice throws 2.6～3.3 ten thousand plants/acre, and late rice throws 1.8～2.2 ten thousand plants/acre; Balance fertilizing, basal dressing in 3～5 days after early rice rice transplanting, base manure is used composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25～45kg/ Mu Huo composite fertilizers (12-6-7) 40～60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10～20kg/ mu, and spraying fertilizer in 10～20 days after rice transplanting, executes urea 6～12kg/ mu; Basal dressing in 1～5 day after first 1～2 day of late rice rice transplanting or rice transplanting, base manure is used composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25～45kg/ Mu Huo composite fertilizers (12-6-7) 40～60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10～20kg/ mu, spraying fertilizer in 7～15 days after rice transplanting, executes urea 6～12kg/ mu and potassium chloride 5～7.5kg/ mu.Straw utilizes: early rice results rice stubble stays 40～60cm, dials even also field or burns also field of part, and 1～2 day herbicide spraying after results (paraquat, gram without track and glyphosate) prevents weeds in field; If low stake results early rice (the low stake be here less than 20cm for rice stubble height), because the straw cutting off is more, therefore straw is mixed straw decomposing inoculant with sand and is processed or burn part straw, and herbicide spraying (paraquat, gram without track and glyphosate etc.), in time weeding stubble-cleaning; Late rice results rice stubble stays 40～60cm, dials also field of even preparation Second Year early rice.Irrigate the omnidistance moistening irrigation (moistening irrigation: paddy field moisture is approached saturated, but do not set up the irrigation method of water layer of early rice.); Late rice adopt " light irrigation-open field " Irrigation (" light irrigation-open field " Irrigation be shallow irrigation in earlier stage, late tillering state dry field, rehydration after 5～10 days, later stage moistening irrigation, draining dry field after milk ripe stage).Other manages same Routine Management.The winter trench digging seepage loss in paddy rice field water that flows away, keep field face not ponding until before early rice rice transplanting.
Embodiment 1
Select double cropping rice production area, ChangSha, Hunan Province county---Wan Long village, Gan Shan town, secondary gleyization rice field, 50 mu of left and right (rushing spring field).Early rice is in flexible-disc seedling-slinging on April 24, and during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.0 leaves, throws 2.8 ten thousand strains for every mu, rice varieties is No. 24, Hunan Xian morning, 3 days Hou Shiyangfeng composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/ mu of rice transplanting, is affixed by carbon ammonium 15kg/ mu, and rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 12 days.Other management is with early rice Routine Management.Early rice average yield 425kg/ mu.Early rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, and straw is dialled even also field, after results, in 1～2 day, with straw decomposing inoculant, processes straw, and herbicide spraying paraquat, weeding stubble-cleaning.Late rice is in flexible-disc seedling-slinging on July 14, and during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.0 leaves, throws 1.8 ten thousand strains for every mu, it is two excellent 608 that Varieties In Late Rice is as the criterion, and 3 days Hou Shiyangfeng composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 40kg/ mu of rice transplanting, is affixed by carbon ammonium 15kg/ mu, rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 10 days, potassium chloride 7.5kg/ mu.Other management is with late rice Routine Management.Late rice average yield 586kg/ mu.Late rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, and straw is dialled even also field.Ditch cleaning draining in winter.In this test field, carried out the rice high yield High-efficient Production technology mode of 16 years two seasons no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation.
Embodiment 2
Select double cropping rice production area, Liuyang City, Hunan Province---cypress township, Zhen Tou town, gleying rice field, 30 mu of left and right (cold waterlogged paddy field).Early rice is in flexible-disc seedling-slinging on April 24, and during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.0 leaves, throws 3.0 ten thousand strains for every mu, and rice varieties is No. 13, Hunan Xian morning, and rice transplanting 3 Tian Houshixing Hunan composite fertilizer (12-6-7) 50kg/ mus, are affixed by carbon ammonium 10kg/ mu, and rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 12 days.Other management is with early rice Routine Management.Early rice average yield 416kg/ mu.Early rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, and rice straw burning is partly gone back field, after results, in 1～2 day, sprays glyphosate herbicidal weeding.Late rice in July 20 drought educate seedlings band soil rice transplanting, during rice transplanting, rice shoot is 4.5 leaves, throw 2.0 ten thousand strains for every mu, Varieties In Late Rice is Feng Yuan excellent 299, rice transplanting 3 Tian Houshixing Hunan composite fertilizer (12-6-7) 50kg/ mus, be affixed by carbon ammonium 10kg/ mu, rice transplanting imposes urea 10kg/ mu after 10 days, potassium chloride 7.5kg/ mu.Other management is with late rice Routine Management.Late rice average yield 565kg/ mu.Late rice results rice stubble stays 50cm, and straw is dialled even also field.Ditch cleaning draining in winter.This experimental field is the rice high yield High-efficient Production technology mode that First Year enters rows in two seasons no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation.
Claims (9)
- Two season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation a rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:A, ditch cleaning draining in winter:The winter trench digging seepage loss in paddy rice field water that flows away, makes to keep not ponding of field face before early rice rice transplanting;B, early rice zero tillage and management:Early rice is grown seedlings with plastic floppy disk, rice shoot is carried out between 3.5～4.5 leaves to rice transplanting, throws 2.6～3.3 ten thousand plants/acre for every mu, basal dressing in 3～5 days after rice transplanting, spraying fertilizer in 10～20 days after rice transplanting, the omnidistance moistening irrigation of early rice;C, early rice straw utilize:When early rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of early rice straw stays 40～60cm Tanaka, and early rice total straw is field also, latter 1～2 day of early rice results, field weeding;D, late rice zero tillage and management:Late rice with plastic floppy disk, grow seedlings or without dish non-irrigated seedling raising, breeding use floppy disk carries out rice transplanting between 3.5～4.5 leaves, without the non-irrigated seedling raising of dish, between 4.0～5.0 leaves, carry out rice transplanting, throw 1.8～2.2 ten thousand plants/acre, basal dressing in 1～5 day after first 1～2 day of rice transplanting or rice transplanting for every mu, spraying fertilizer in 7～15 days after rice transplanting, late rice early stage shallow irrigation, late tillering state dry field, rehydration after 5～10 days, later stage moistening irrigation, draining dry field after milk ripe stage;E, late rice straw utilize:When late rice is gathered in the crops, the rice stubble of late rice straw stays 40～60cm Tanaka, and the late rice straw gathering in is dialled also field of even preparation Second Year early rice.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described step b, early rice sprouts kind select that tillering ability is strong, plant is short, resistant to lodging, blade is straight, the product of the approximately 106 days time of infertility and stable high yield.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described step b, base manure is used composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25～45kg/ Mu Huo composite fertilizers (12-6-7) 40～60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10～20kg/ mu.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described step b, the employing urea that topdresses, executes urea 6～12kg/ mu.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described step c, field weeding adopts herbicide spraying, described weed killer herbicide selects paraquat, gram without track or glyphosate.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, the kind of late rice rice shoot selects that tillering ability is medium, lodging resistance strong, the later stage discolors, the product of the approximately 118 days time of infertility and high and stable yield.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, base manure is used composite fertilizer (15-15-15 or 16-16-16) 25～45kg/ Mu Huo composite fertilizers (12-6-7) 40～60kg/ mu and carbon ammonium 10～20kg/ mu.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, topdress to adopt and execute urea 6～12kg/ mu and potassium chloride 5～7.5kg/ mu.
- According to claim 1 pair season no-tillage cast-transplanted straw incorporation rice high yield high-efficiency method for producing, it is characterized in that, in described step c neutralization procedure e, straw incorporation comprises dials even also field or part is burned also field.
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| CN103766184A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-07 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Triple-cropping cultivation method for double cropping paddy field |
| CN103947494A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-30 | 中国水稻研究所 | Cultivation method for oxygenation, drainage and irrigation to gleyed paddy fields |
| CN103975811A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-13 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Rice cultivation method |
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