CN103947494B - Gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation - Google Patents
Gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping technical field, specifically a kind of gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation, comprise (1) and turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up; (2) resistance to latent property rice varieties is screened; (3) drought educates strong seedling; (4) siliceous fertilizer is enriched; (5) network trench digging; (6) use and topdress; (7) root irrigation is urged in oxygenation; Topsoil oxygen content is added by the use of cultivation step, topsoil soils is loosened, improve soil structure, soil table temperature is raised, be conducive to strengthening improving activity of root system and generating ability of tillering, promote decompose of nutrient, utilize calcium, magnesium ion to promote the granular structure that Zinc fractions is stable, thus improve the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, improve low-yield land rice yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping technical field, specifically a kind of gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation.
Background technology
China's rice yield accounts for the half of national total output of grain.South Rice Region of China rice growing area accounts for more than 80% of the total cultivated area of national paddy rice, but plant area due to low-yield land paddy rice and remained on for more than 1/3 (being about 100,000,000 mu) always, govern the yield potential of south rice, affect China's rice and even national grain security.Wherein gleying field accounts for the half of whole low-yield land, is mainly distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.Hunan is the large province of Rice Production, but due to the regional cereal crops had single, continuous cropping continuous cropping, land used combines not with increasing soil fertility, and soil plough horizon is shoaled, tillage pan thickening, farmland accumulated water is serious, also not in time, gleying area reaches 1,260 ten thousand mu to irrigation and drainage inconvenience, and soil permeability is poor, nutrient not easily discharges, quick-acting phosphorus potassium deficiency, easily stiff seedling occurs, rice yield is low.Therefore, for the feature in gleying rice field especially stretch of flatland in a hilly area gleyed soil, take the oxygenation cultivation method be suitable for, neither increase cost, can guarantee that again rice safety is produced, situation is extremely urgent.
Specifically, stretch of flatland in a hilly area gleying rice field has following features:
Soil temperature degree is low: especially between early rice nursery stage and during rice transplanting, and stretch of flatland in a hilly area gleying rice field soil temperature is lower 1 ~ 2 DEG C than improvement field, and thus make Seedling Quality in Rice be deteriorated, after transplanting, rice tillering is sent out less or do not send out.
Available nutrient content is low: soil oxygen content is low, and soil microbial activities weakens, and soil produces a large amount of reducing substances ~ ferrous ion and sulphide under long-term state of being sick of.Directly to cause harm paddy rice, hinder paddy rice to the absorption of nutrition, the nutrient required for paddy rice can not be provided.
The These characteristics in gleying field can cause paddy rice early onset poor, and number of productive ear is few, and root growth is bad, and rice yield is low, the feature of quality variation, if do not taken measures, increases soil oxygen content, even if fertilizing and planting rice yield is also difficult to improve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is mainly for the stretch of flatland in a hilly area field of China's hypsography low-lying, impeded drainage, the problem that the paddy growth that soil gleying causes is bad, adopting carries out turning over after crop harvesting in the fall suns the earth which has been ploughed up+opens zanjon+enrich siliceous fertilizer, topsoil soils is loosened, increase topsoil oxygen content, improve soil structure, soil table temperature is raised, be conducive to strengthening improving activity of root system and generating ability of tillering, promote decompose of nutrient, utilize calcium, magnesium ion to promote the granular structure that Zinc fractions is stable, thus improve the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, improve rice yield.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation, comprises the steps:
(1) turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up: turn over after autumn crops results, ploughing depth 18 ~ 22cm, the rotary tillage degree of depth 12 ~ 16cm, the field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up of turning over is for Second Year Rice Cropping;
(2) screen resistance to latent property rice varieties: using kind sensitivity coefficient (VSC) and kind Sensitivity Index (VSI) as screening index, screening is suitable for Varieties In Late Rice morning in gleying rice field;
(3) drought educates strong seedling: select high-land, quality is loosened, subterranean water level is low, drainage condition is good, the nonirrigated farmland of convenient management, every square metre of seedbed evenly applies 60 ~ 80 grams, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 80 grams, 40 grams, potassium chloride, after fertilising, repeatedly overall ploughing bed is native, reach loam Homogeneous phase mixing, broadcast by every square metre of seedbed the bud paddy 140 ~ 190g that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, cultivate band tiller and strengthen seedling;
(4) siliceous fertilizer is enriched: transplant and apply azophoska the last week, enrich siliceous fertilizer 30kg as base manure by every mu simultaneously, then turn over by furrow face and rake;
(5) network trench digging: use at base manure, face, field smooth after, along rice field longitudinally every 5 ~ 10m, open dark 50cm, wide 20cm ditch, laterally open dark 20cm, wide 20cm traverse furrow every 30 ~ 50m;
(6) use and topdress: transplant when rice shoot grows to 4.5 ~ 5.5 leaf, transplant and use the tillering fertilizer being mixed with weed killer herbicide after 5 ~ 7 days;
(7) root irrigation is urged in oxygenation: tillering stage, full field kept flat ditch-water to half ditch-water, more flat ditch-water reciprocation cycle, when stem tiller number reaches 80% of target spike number, drain Gou Zhongshui in time carry out dry field, shine solid to face, field, people goes to the field to walk and does not fall into pin, there is minute crack in face, field, Rice Panicle idiophase and flowering stage keep par in ditch, and other period keeps half ditch-water.
Further, in described step (2), kind sensitivity coefficient and kind Sensitivity Index are all less than 1.10.
Further, described step (4) apply amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for raw breeding time consumption 65%, phosphate fertilizer amount account for raw breeding time consumption 100%, potash fertilizer amount account for raw breeding time consumption 50%.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is: the resistance to latent property kind of the present invention's screening, turn over sun the earth which has been ploughed up, soil layer subsoiling that network zanjon irrigable culture method can promote gleying field, oxygen content increases, and temperature raises, and paddy rice early sends out, spike number increases, output increased.Sun the earth which has been ploughed up so need turn over after autumn crops results the first year, adopt resistance to latent property kind, drought educates the strong seedling of band tiller; Before transplanting, combination is again turned over and is raked, deep placement base manure and enrich siliceous fertilizer, and adopt ditching machine to open network zanjon, transplant when the length of time rice seedlings grow 4.5 ~ 5.5 leaf, topdress 5 ~ 7 days applied onces after transplanting, so that early tiller estranged after rice striking root; The water management of Honda phase is mainly controlled by the depth of moisture in zanjon.Tillering stage, flat ditch-water ~ half ditch-water ~ flat ditch water circulation, carried out timely dry field when stem tiller number reaches 80% of target spike number, and anhydrous in ditch, Rice Panicle idiophase and flowering stage keep flat ditch-water, and other period keeps half ditch-water.As rainy season, by the timely draining of irrigation canals and ditches.At present both at home and abroad about the research that paddy rice oxygenation cultivation is relevant mainly carries out oxygenation process by methods such as dry field, Different Irrigation Methods, micro-nano bubble water irrigation or inflator pump oxygenations, because the reason of technical operation difficulty, weather and cost, the oxygenation effect of these rice technology is made to be difficult to be not fully exerted in gleying rice field; Carry out oxygenation about soil conditioner to the improvement of soil and heat process, due to its complicated component, production process is many, and cost is very high, is also difficult to large area and adopts; Increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, formula fertilizer special or use calper calcium peroxide, because the gleying rice field content of organic matter is abundant and N P and K also has no lack of, but absorption of nutrient ingredients is difficult, blindly increases the supply of soil nutrient and enriches high price fertilizer, fully might not absorb, only can cause the increase of cost; Engineering improvement bury covered conduit, hidden pipe etc. underground, gets rid of field internal water accumulation, lowering of watertable, the soil gleying degree in rice field can be alleviated, but unit are investment is comparatively large, for there is no the stretch of flatland in a hilly area field of river construction support be expected untouchable.So for stretch of flatland in a hilly area gleying paddy field drainage difficulty, the long-term accumulated water of soil hardens, air capacity of soils is poor, reducing substances increases, soil temperature is low, feeder capability is poor, make paddy rice early onset poor, number of productive ear is few, root growth is bad, rice yield is low, the feature of quality variation, select resistance to latent property kind, cultivate strong seedling, turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, enrich siliceous fertilizer, dig trenches to drain the water away, for the oxygenation high-yield cultivating method of the integrated control of core, the method significantly can promote that paddy rice early sends out, increase spike number, improve soil oxygen content and redox potential, promote the absorption of available nutrient, improving yield.
The inventive method is specially adapted to that paddy fields paddy soil permeability is poor, and nutrient not easily discharges, quick-acting phosphorus potassium deficiency, easily stiff seedling occurs, the rice field that rice yield is low.
Figure of description
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is by after the inventive method process, in good early 17 and Hunan early Xian 45 number of grain per ear improve design sketch;
Fig. 2 is by after the inventive method process, in good early 17 and Hunan early Xian 45 every mu of spike number improve design sketch.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up: turn over after autumn crops results, ploughing depth 18 ~ 22cm, the rotary tillage degree of depth 12 ~ 16cm, the field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up of turning over is for Second Year Rice Cropping;
(2) screen resistance to latent property rice varieties: be all less than 1.10 for index with kind sensitivity coefficient and kind Sensitivity Index, screening is suitable for Varieties In Late Rice morning in gleying rice field;
(3) drought educates strong seedling: select high-land, quality is loosened, subterranean water level is low, drainage condition is good, the nonirrigated farmland of convenient management or vegetable plot, every square metre of seedbed evenly applies 60 ~ 80 grams, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 80 grams, 40 grams, potassium chloride, after fertilising, repeatedly overall ploughing bed is native, reach loam Homogeneous phase mixing, broadcast by every square metre of seedbed the bud paddy 140 ~ 190g that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, cultivate band tiller and strengthen seedling;
(4) siliceous fertilizer is enriched: transplant and apply azophoska the last week, enrich siliceous fertilizer 30kg as base manure by every mu simultaneously, then turn over by furrow face and rake; Apply amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for raw breeding time consumption 65%, phosphate fertilizer amount account for raw breeding time consumption 100%, potash fertilizer amount account for raw breeding time consumption 50%.
(5) network trench digging: use at base manure, face, field smooth after, along rice field longitudinally every 5 ~ 10m, open dark 50cm, wide 20cm ditch, laterally open dark 20cm, wide 20cm traverse furrow every 30 ~ 50m;
(6) use and topdress: transplant when rice shoot grows to 4.5 ~ 5.5 leaf, transplant and use the tillering fertilizer being mixed with weed killer herbicide after 5 ~ 7 days;
(7) root irrigation is urged in oxygenation: tillering stage, full field kept flat ditch-water to half ditch-water, more flat ditch-water reciprocation cycle, when stem tiller number reaches 80% of target spike number, drain Gou Zhongshui in time carry out dry field, shine solid to face, field, people goes to the field to walk and does not fall into pin, there is minute crack in face, field, Rice Panicle idiophase and flowering stage keep par in ditch, and other period keeps half ditch-water.
Embodiment 2
In the gleying rice field in Ningxiang County Hui Longpu swan village, Hunan, gleying field is compared with contrast field, and organic and nitrogen and phosphorus content enriches, and potassium and silicon are below critical value, and soil is faintly acid (table 1).
The soil texture in table 1 gleying field
Test 1: the previous year turns in time after autumn crops results and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, during the beginning of spring, the wet rake of non watered ploughing, throw in conjunction with basal dressing before planting, then rake weeds and loosen the soil field once.Output ditch on limit, field, be beneficial to the discharge of water.Late rice, because double rush for harvesting and sowing season is urgent, makes the best use of time to carry out shallow plowing pressure after early rice harvesting and buries rice stubble, glue heavy paddy field for soil, should strive for that two ploughs two are harrowed and short-term is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, make soil in small, broken bits loose, in order to morning when not affecting and throwing and plant in time.
By turning over, in early rice, good early 17 number of grain per ears and spike number improve 6.3% and 16.6% (Fig. 1) respectively; 0.2% and 13.2% (Fig. 2) is then improved respectively in Hunan early Xian 45 number of grain per ear and spike number;
Test 2: select 20 of middle and lower reach of Yangtze River establishing in large scale early Varieties In Late Rice carry out the screening of resistance to latent property kind, evaluated by kind sensitivity coefficient (VSC) and kind Sensitivity Index (VSI), in 20 early-paddy brown rice Hunan early No. 3, Xian and in good morning 17 diving property sensitivity coefficient reach more than 1.2, property Sensitivity Index of diving reaches more than 1.1.And the kind Jinyou 458 of resistance to latent property and Hunan diving property of Xian 45 morning sensitivity coefficient reach less than 1.01, property Sensitivity Index less than 1.1 (table 2) of diving.In 20 Varieties In Late Rices, yellow China accounts for the excellent Hua Zhanqian sensitivity coefficient with sky and reaches more than 1.3, and property Sensitivity Index of diving reaches more than 1.35.And the kind two excellent 287 of resistance to latent property and the Hunan latent property sensitivity coefficient of No. 13, Xian in evening reach less than 1.05, property Sensitivity Index less than 1.0 (table 3) of diving.Compared with 2011, Huang Huazhan and Hunan Xian in evening is reproducible.So pass through early-paddy brown rice Jinyou 458 and the Hunan early Xian 45 of the resistance to latent property of experiment sieving, good morning 17 and Hunan No. 3, Xian morning in the early-paddy brown rice of property sensitivity of diving; The Varieties In Late Rice Hunan Xian 13 and two excellent 287 in evening of resistance to latent property, the yellow China of Varieties In Late Rice of property sensitivity of diving accounts for the excellent China with sky and accounts for.
The resistance to latent property sensitivity of table 2 20 early-paddy brown rice is evaluated
The resistance to latent property sensitivity of table 3 20 Varieties In Late Rices is evaluated
Test 3: oxygenation irrigation and drainage are tested.
1) strong seedling is cultivated: early rice sowing on March 24, late rice sowing on June 20.Adopt rice transplanting, the seedling of plastics transplanting machine for seedlings, transplanting machine for seedlings specification 308 cave seedling dish, every mu needs 80, seedling dish.Evenly sowing 63 grams broadcast by dish.Every square metre of seedbed evenly applies 60 ~ 80 grams, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 80 grams, 40 grams, potassium chloride, and after fertilising, repeatedly overall ploughing bed is native, reaches loam Homogeneous phase mixing, broadcasts by every square metre of seedbed the bud paddy 140 ~ 190g that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and cultivates band tiller and strengthens seedling; Early-paddy brown rice selects resistance to latent property kind Hunan early Xian 45, good morning 17 in property sensitive varieties of diving.
2) enrich siliceous fertilizer: in the field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up of turning over, transplant/throw cultivation and apply azophoska the last week, enrich siliceous fertilizer 30kg as base manure by every mu simultaneously, then turn over by furrow face and rake, total amount of nitrogen at 12 kgs/acre, 30 kgs/acre, phosphate fertilizer, 10 kgs/acre, potash fertilizer.In base manure, amount of nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 65% of a raw breeding time, phosphate fertilizer 100%, potash fertilizer 50%.
3) network zanjon: use at base manure, after face, field is smooth, longitudinally opens dark 50cm, wide 20cm zanjon every 5 ~ 10m with ditching machine in rice field, laterally opens dark 20cm, wide 20cm traverse furrow every 30 ~ 50m;
4) rice transplanting: the early rice length of time rice seedlings grow 3.5 ~ 4.0 leaf, during the late rice length of time rice seedlings grow 4.5 ~ 5.5 leaf, can throw cultivation.Density of seedling broadcasting early rice 2.0 ten thousand/mu, late rice 1.7 ten thousand/mu.In order to ensure that rice shoot is evenly distributed, every block Tian Kefen throws for 2 times, namely first answers 60% ~ 70% of rice transplanting seedling to throw once in this block field comprehensively, and then throws sparse place with remaining rice shoot, mend evenly.After rice transplanting, between Tanaka, stay working line, the rice shoot in working line is mended sparse place.
5) early spraying fertilizer: after throwing is planted 5 ~ 7 days, topdresses 1 time, the middle amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that topdresses account for raw breeding time consumption 35%, potash fertilizer accounts for 50%.
6) root irrigation is urged in oxygenation: tillering stage, full field kept flat ditch-water to half ditch-water flat ditch-water reciprocation cycle again, when reaching 80% of target spike number to stem tiller number, (200,000 seedlings/mu) starts gently to put field, drain Gou Zhongshui after 1 ~ 2 day and carry out dry field, control seedling peak, most Gao Miao is made to be no more than 350,000, reach leaf look and turn light, blade is straight and upright, and Miao Feng declines.General solarization is solid to face, field, and people goes to the field to walk and do not fall into pin, and minute crack appears in face, field.Rice Panicle idiophase and flowering stage keep par in ditch, and other period keeps half ditch-water.
7) Pest organism control: control of weeds, when spraying fertilizer, the weed killer herbicides such as available fourth benzyl, mix thoroughly and execute down., rice seedling bed keypoint control rice thrips, after disinfection seed clear water is cleaned, sows with Imidacloprid seed dressing again, and Honda is tillered to heading keypoint control snout moth's larva, rice fulgorid, leaf-roller.Keypoint control banded sclerotial blight, starts with prevention such as love seedling etc. that banded sclerotial blight is double controls stalk break mid or late June.
8) test adopts great Qu contrast, great Qu area 667 (m
2), repeat 3 times.Measure rice field topsoil redox potential in rice plant of tillering stage, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, heading stage and milk ripe stage, get root sample in Sheng tiller phase and full heading time and investigate Root Characters, the maturing stage samples and measures output.
Test shows: sun the earth which has been ploughed up and the rice field of opening network zanjon through turning over, soil redox potential amplification reaches 30.0 ~ 50.0mV, and 20cm soil oxygen content brings up to 7.1mg/l by original 1.0mg/l, and air capacity of soils is good.Again due to the improvement of soil structure, the comparable plate field of rice field daily mean temperature of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up improves 1 ~ 2 DEG C;
The table 4 Ningxiang County Hui Longpu town swan village side's of demonstration output and structure (Hunan is Xian 45 early) thereof
Application oxygenation irrigable culture method, can promote that soil redox potential raises, soil oxygen content increases, and temperature improves, and promote that rice tillering occurs, spike number increases, and ripening rate improves, final increase yield.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) turn over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up: turn over after autumn crops results, ploughing depth 18 ~ 22cm, the rotary tillage degree of depth 12 ~ 16cm, the field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up of turning over is for Second Year Rice Cropping;
(2) screen resistance to latent property rice varieties: using kind sensitivity coefficient and kind Sensitivity Index as screening index, screening is suitable for Varieties In Late Rice morning in gleying rice field;
(3) drought educates strong seedling: select high-land, quality is loosened, subterranean water level is low, drainage condition is good, the nonirrigated farmland of convenient management, every square metre of seedbed evenly applies 60 ~ 80 grams, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 80 grams, 40 grams, potassium chloride, after fertilising, repeatedly overall ploughing bed is native, reach loam Homogeneous phase mixing, broadcast by every square metre of seedbed the bud paddy 140 ~ 190g that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, cultivate band tiller and strengthen seedling;
(4) siliceous fertilizer is enriched: transplant and apply azophoska the last week, enrich siliceous fertilizer 30kg as base manure by every mu simultaneously, then turn over by furrow face and rake;
(5) network trench digging: use at base manure, face, field smooth after, along rice field longitudinally every 5 ~ 10m, open dark 50cm, wide 20cm ditch, laterally open dark 20cm, wide 20cm traverse furrow every 30 ~ 50m;
(6) use and topdress: transplant when rice shoot grows to 4.5 ~ 5.5 leaf, transplant and use the tillering fertilizer being mixed with weed killer herbicide after 5 ~ 7 days;
(7) root irrigation is urged in oxygenation: tillering stage, full field kept flat ditch-water to half ditch-water, more flat ditch-water reciprocation cycle, when stem tiller number reaches 80% of target spike number, drain Gou Zhongshui in time carry out dry field, shine solid to face, field, people goes to the field to walk and does not fall into pin, there is minute crack in face, field, Rice Panicle idiophase and flowering stage keep par in ditch, and other period keeps half ditch-water.
2. gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), kind sensitivity coefficient and kind Sensitivity Index are all less than 1.10.
3. gleying rice field oxygenation irrigation and drainage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (4) apply amount of nitrogenous fertilizer account for raw breeding time consumption 65%, phosphate fertilizer amount account for raw breeding time consumption 100%, potash fertilizer amount account for raw breeding time consumption 50%.
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