CN103329719A - Continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melons - Google Patents
Continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melons Download PDFInfo
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- CN103329719A CN103329719A CN2013102893266A CN201310289326A CN103329719A CN 103329719 A CN103329719 A CN 103329719A CN 2013102893266 A CN2013102893266 A CN 2013102893266A CN 201310289326 A CN201310289326 A CN 201310289326A CN 103329719 A CN103329719 A CN 103329719A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melons. The continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of the melons comprises the follow steps that soil preparation and ditching are carried out in late May; leguminous crop vetch is sowed; watering is conducted so that the soil moisture content can be kept, the vetch is pressed into a ditch under the condition that the roots of the vetch are not cut off and the ridge surface is covered by topsoil; plug seedling are grown in a hotbed in early February and field planting is conducted when each melon seedling is provided with a single leaf and a single bud; a small shed is uncovered, normal management of a greenhouse begins and harvest is over in mid or late May. Through the continuous-cropping no-tillage cultivation method of the melons, the procedure of continuous cropping cultivation of the melons is simplified; by the adoption of the methods that the roots of the vetch are not cut off and the vetch cover the soil and mulching film and is directly used as green manure, the soil fertility is improved and the biological environment of soil is balanced, changes physicochemical properties of the soil, disease resistance of the melons in the field is reduced, continuous cropping obstacles of the melons are reduced, the incidence of fusarium wilt is reduced by 96% compared with that of the prior art, the sugar degree of the melons is improved by 1-2%, and the yield is improved by over 90% compared with that of the traditional continuous cropping cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method of melon and fruit, especially a kind of muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Along with the demand of market to muskmelon constantly increases, muskmelon continuous cropping area increases year by year, but the muskmelon continuous cropping finally makes the natural equilibrium of edaphon and inorganic constituents be damaged, make and the development of soil germ cause soil disease to spread, diseases such as large tracts of land generation fusarium wilt, climing rot, fusarium wilt causes muskmelon production loss 15～30%, serious field piece reaches 50～85%, even total crop failure, has a strong impact on output and the benefit of muskmelon.The muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle becomes the principal element that the restriction muskmelon is produced.Lot of domestic and foreign scholar is carrying out a large amount of research and inquirement aspect the generation of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle and the regulation and control, it is that soil quality descends that its continuous cropping obstacle influences one of the main reasons, and soil quality descends and fertilising has direct relation, variety classes fertilizer can produce material impact to continuous cropping ground microflora and soil enzyme activities, mainly show as to the soil physical and chemical property change with to the soil biology environmental disruption the existing muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method of not useful green manure mulching soil as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective that existing muskmelon culture technique exists, a kind of muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method is proposed, improve soil physical and chemical property and soil biology environment, simplify muskmelon sequential cropping cultivation program, increase soil fertility and then improve field watermelon disease resistance.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), after the cultivation of preceding stubble muskmelon finishes, throw off mulch film, the ridge face of raking is ditched along ridge face direction;
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with rake leveling table soil back sowing legume sweet potato, seeding quantity 1kg/50 rice ditch, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and in ditch, pour water moistening ridge face;
3), behind the seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75～80%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato that grows on the face of ridge be not completely cured, all be pressed in the ditch that cover the ridge face with table soil, table soil is gone up and covered double-colored mulch film, compresses around the double-colored mulch film airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, muskmelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, single file field planting when treating that melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly covers little shed after the field planting;
5) late March is thrown off little shed, enters booth normal management ealy maturing culture muskmelon, adopts single climing training, the end of gathering mid-May to the last ten-days period.
Purpose of the present invention can also further realize by following technical measures.
Aforesaid muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the furrow width 45～55cm of wherein said step 1) trench digging, ditch depth 35～45cm.
Aforesaid muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the native cladding thickness of the described table of wherein said step 3) is at 1.8～2.2cm; Described double-colored mulch film is the double-colored mulch film of silver grey black, when covering double-colored mulch film, the black of double-colored mulch film down, silver gray is up; The double-colored plastic mulching time is 18～22 days.
Aforesaid muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the spacing in the rows 45～55cm of wherein said step 4) field planting.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Finish back sowing sweet potato green manure in the cultivation of preceding stubble muskmelon, and be not completely cured direct mulching soil and mulch film of sweet potato made green manure, save turn over, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, farming operation such as site preparation and fertilization, saving of work and time.Adopt the double-colored plastic mulching of silver grey black airtight, improve ground temperature in the ridge, be conducive to accelerate decomposition and the utilization of carbon, nitrogen, especially potassium etc. in the green body plant of sweet potato.The sweet potato well developed root system plays chesson, changes the penetrating ability of soil, and then reaches the effect that changes soil physico-chemical property.Utilize sweet potato self has weed growth is suppressed and allelopathy, suppress the weeds in field growth.Utilize microclimate acting in conjunction in sweet potato green manure-soil-microorganism-ridge, can reduce the muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle, the fusarium wilt incidence of disease reduces by 96% than prior art, and quality obviously improves, and its pol improves 1～2%, and the more traditional sequential cropping cultivation of output improves more than 90%.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics will make an explanation by the non-limitative illustration of following preferred embodiment, and these embodiment only provide as an example.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Present embodiment may further comprise the steps:
1), late May, after the cultivation of preceding stubble muskmelon finishes, throw off mulch film, the ridge face of raking is ditched along ridge face direction; Furrow width 50cm, ditch depth 40cm.
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with rake leveling table soil back sowing legume sweet potato, seeding quantity 1kg/50 rice ditch, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and in ditch, pour water moistening ridge face.The sweet potato root has a large amount of rhizobium, can replenish nitrogenous fertilizer.The sweet potato well developed root system plays chesson, changes the penetrating ability of soil, and then reaches the effect that changes soil physico-chemical property.What sweet potato self had suppresses and allelopathy weed growth, plays the effect that weeds in field is suppressed.The salt effect that presses down that sweet potato does green manure or cover crop is fairly obvious, turn over and press green manure can significantly increase content of inorganic nitrogen in soil, especially nitrate nitrogen content, soil available potassium recruitment reaches 80. 8%～88. 5% of green manure burst size, and the recycling degree of potassium is higher and have identical nutritive effect with chemical potash fertilizer.
3), behind the seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75～80%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato that grows on the face of ridge is not completely cured, all be pressed in the ditch, cover the ridge face with table soil, cladding thickness is about 2cm, and table soil is gone up and covered double-colored mulch film, compress around the double-colored mulch film, airtight booth or greenhouse kept about 20 days.Adopt the double-colored plastic mulching of silver grey black airtight, improve ground temperature in the ridge, be conducive to accelerate decomposition and the utilization of carbon, nitrogen, especially potassium etc. in the green body plant of sweet potato.
4), early Febuary, muskmelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, single file field planting when treating that melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly covers little shed after the spacing in the rows 50cm field planting.
5) late March is thrown off little shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture muskmelon normal management, adopts single climing training, gathers mid-May to the last ten-days period and finishes cultivation.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent deformation one-tenth, all drop in the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1), late May, after the cultivation of preceding stubble muskmelon finishes, throw off mulch film, the ridge face of raking is ditched along ridge face direction;
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with rake leveling table soil back sowing legume sweet potato, seeding quantity 1kg/50 rice ditch, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and in ditch, pour water moistening ridge face;
3), behind the seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75～80%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato that grows on the face of ridge be not completely cured, all be pressed in the ditch that cover the ridge face with table soil, table soil is gone up and covered double-colored mulch film, compresses around the double-colored mulch film airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, muskmelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, single file field planting when treating that melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly covers little shed after the field planting;
5), late March, throw off little shed, enter booth ealy maturing culture muskmelon normal management, adopt single climing training, the end of gathering mid-May to the last ten-days period.
2. muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the furrow width 45～55cm of described step 1) trench digging, ditch depth 35～45cm.
3. muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the native cladding thickness of the described table of described step 3) is at 1.8～2.2cm; Described double-colored mulch film is the double-colored mulch film of silver grey black, when covering double-colored mulch film, the black of double-colored mulch film down, silver gray is up.
4. muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the double-colored plastic mulching time of described step 3) is 18～22 days.
5. muskmelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the spacing in the rows 45～55cm of described step 4) field planting.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104012292A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for cultivating three crops of thick-peel cucumis melons in one year in greenhouse |
| CN104145664A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | High-quality high-yield open-field thick-skin muskmelon cultivation method |
| CN106212018A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-14 | 芜湖晋诚农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Melo dense planting high yield |
| CN106376323A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 张和平 | Fruit and vegetable non-tillage cultivation method |
| CN110278837A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 陕西彬翔农业科技有限公司 | High temperature difference cool area improve muskmelon pol method |
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| CN101406136A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-15 | 东北农业大学 | Accompanying planting method for overcoming succession cropping obstacle of green cucumber |
| CN101971759A (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2011-02-16 | 东北农业大学 | Associated cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of melons |
| CN102487689A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-13 | 张志平 | Planting method of high-quality and thin-rind sweet melons |
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| CN101406136A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-15 | 东北农业大学 | Accompanying planting method for overcoming succession cropping obstacle of green cucumber |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104012292A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for cultivating three crops of thick-peel cucumis melons in one year in greenhouse |
| CN104012292B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-03-30 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Thick-skinned melon 1 year greenhouse cultivation method of three batches |
| CN104145664A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | High-quality high-yield open-field thick-skin muskmelon cultivation method |
| CN104145664B (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-06-08 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon open country cultivating superior high-yield method |
| CN106212018A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-14 | 芜湖晋诚农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Melo dense planting high yield |
| CN106376323A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 张和平 | Fruit and vegetable non-tillage cultivation method |
| CN110278837A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-27 | 陕西彬翔农业科技有限公司 | High temperature difference cool area improve muskmelon pol method |
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