CN104145664A - High-quality high-yield open-field thick-skin muskmelon cultivation method - Google Patents
High-quality high-yield open-field thick-skin muskmelon cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality high-yield open-field thick-skin muskmelon cultivation method. The method includes the following steps of 1), land selection and land preparation, namely selecting slope land or wasteland in a hilly area medium in soil texture, tilling after beginning of spring, raking the land flat, ridging, covering thin films, and covering straw among ridges; 2), seeding, namely soaking seeds in warm water at 55-60 DEG C, accelerating germination, and seeding in mid-to-late March; 3), branch pruning and tendril removing, namely pinching at a stage when each seedling has 5-6 leaves and reserving two strong son tendrils, namely double-tendril branch pruning, and reserving 2-3 melons on each plant; 4), field management. The high-quality high-yield open-field thick-skin muskmelon cultivation method is simple and feasible, labor consumption is reduced, fruit setting rate and yield of a cultivar can be increased greatly, diseases are reduced, pesticide consumption is reduced, cost is saved, quality is improved, protection of ecological environment is facilitated better, and cultivation level is raised.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thick-skinned melon open country high quality and yield cultivation techniques, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is the annual climing property herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis, at home and abroad extensively cultivation.China's muskmelon sowing area is about 15.3 ten thousand hectares, and gross annual output amount, more than 3,000,000 tons, occupies first place in the world.Hills, Jurong is the main producing region of Jiangsu Province's fruits in season, and the biological property of the climatic characteristics such as its light, temperature and fruit adapts.Due to this hillock, hills, region hypsography, protection ground cultivation can not realize, and outdoor cropping often retains facility and cause water and soil loss because lacking, and then causes soil drought lack of water and soil property is sticky weighs.Therefore, this region thick-skinned melon is produced still to exist and is often subject to the deficiencies such as arid factor restriction, output be unstable.Fully excavate the productive potential of this region thick-skinned melon, further investigate and widely popularize drought-resistant cultivating pattern, to improving thick-skinned melon output, meet market supply, increasing farmers' income has important practical significance.
Earth's surface covers as an effective dry farming yield-increasing technology, in China, has spreading speed faster.At present, China become in the world the country of plastic film mulching cultivation area maximum (Xing Shengli, Wei Yanan, Li Sixun. Shaanxi Province's crop mulching films cultivation present status and prospect [J]. agricultural research in the arid areas, 2002,20 (1): 10 – 13.).Thank and drive sun and wait and (to thank and to drive sun, imperial court's brightness, Li Shengxiu. earth's surface cover grass and overlay film on northwest dryland soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen and bioactive impact [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010,30 (24): 6781 – 6786.) research is thought, plastic mulching and stalk cover tool application value.(the Wang Wei such as Wang Wei, Zheng Shufeng, Lu Xijie, Deng. farmland stalk soverlay technique progress [J]. Agriculture of Anhui science, 2009,37 (18): 8343 – 8346.) think that stalk covers fertilizing soil effectively, reduce water and soil loss, there is the effect of retaining water saving, adjusting soil temperature, inhibition farmland weed.Relevant in same region, the research that different planting affects thick-skinned melon tree characteristics, yield and quality is rare report still.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs, and a kind of thick-skinned melon open country high quality and yield cultivation techniques, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selection of land and whole ground: select soil property medium hillside fields, knob or wasteland, after the beginning of spring, plough every 667m
2organic fertilizer 4000kg, nitrogenous fertilizer 2kg, phosphate fertilizer 6kg and potash fertilizer 4kg, do furrow after raking, the wide 1.5m of furrow, and furrow spacing 20cm, waters vola moisture in the soil water and covers black thin film, mulching straw stalk between furrow, the muskmelon of planting in the middle of furrow, spacing in the rows 55cm;
Step 2, sowing: the sowing time is at mid or late March, seed through 55 ?60 ℃ of water seed soaking vernalization, 2 of every bunch plantings, adopt the sowing of the high earthing method punching of upper seeding rupture of membranes by spacing in the rows, after planting add a cover little shed, span 50cm, the high 40cm of canopy.
Step 3, training are beaten climing: seedling 5 to 6 leaf phase pinching, stay two healthy and strong sons climing, i.e. pair climing trainings, every strain stay 2 ?3 melons;
Step 4, field management: Seedling Stage waters less, stretch the climing phase and suitably water more, and do not water flowering stage, and fruit expanding period strengthens waters the water yield, keeps ground moistening, and the fructescence reduces waters the water yield.Powdery mildew is to put prevention first, and insect pest can be trapped and killed with yellow plate.
The high earthing method of described upper seeding, on furrow face, to open approximately 1 centimetre of dark cave, put into earthing after 2 all buds, after upper seeding, on sowing cave, with wet soil, pile 5 to 7 centimetres of high mounds, broadcast latter about 5 days and check when Seed recovery starts curved neck top soil, remove the mound deeply covering, young shoot is unearthed as early as possible.
Describedly add a cover little shed, before coming up, take temperature raising as main, generally do not leak informaton, after coming up, can along with turning of weather is warm, strengthen the amount of leaking informaton later, and progressively remove little shed according to the weather condition cooling of suitably leaking informaton, enter grown in field.
Facts have proved, sowing time, seeding method, planting type are that thick-skinned melon is obtained the key of good quality and high output in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River plantation, are also main innovate point of the present invention.The first, the selection of sowing time, the sowing time is (early March) too early, and seedling open country is added a cover little shed can not resist severe cold, easily causes seedling freeze injury; Sowing time excessively late (mid-April), seedling open country can normal growth, but in pollination flowering stage, just in time in rainy plum rain season, thick-skinned melon is difficult for bearing fruit, and causes and plants unsuccessfully; And the sowing time is arranged in clear and bright first half of the month (mid or late March), both can avoid severe cold, the impact of the phase plum rain season of can avoiding again bearing fruit.The second, seeding method is also crucial innovative point of the present invention.Growing seedlings of thick-skinned melon adopts point disk seedling growing mostly, this seedling raising manners can adapt to the cultivation feature of local booth, but the cold resistance due to seedling under outdoor cropping condition is poor, easily cause freeze injury, and employing seed sowing, can under open country condition, to seedling, progressively carry out Cold Acclimation, strengthen cold resistance.The 3rd, planting type is the most important thing of muskmelon high-quality.Under outdoor cropping condition, particularly at the continuous plum rain season of wet weather, keep the commodity of thick-skinned melon, must adopt all standing cultivation step.
Embodiment
Be below the specific experiment that inventor carries out according to technical scheme, the main purpose of this experiment is to explore the best cultivation mode of suitable Yangtze River Delta Area thick-skinned melon outdoor cropping, and the application for the method simultaneously provides theoretical foundation and technical support.
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
For examination thick-skinned melon variety, being ' crisp treasured ', is current Jiangsu Province Jurong City's Main Cultivars.By the seed selection of Zhenjiang, the Hilly area of Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences.Seed is provided by Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City.' crisp treasured ' variety characteristic: fruit subcircular, pericarp is golden yellow, fruit surface smooth.Pulp is orange red, pulp thickness 4 ?4.5cm left and right, ventricle is little and substantial, single fruit weight 1.5kg left and right.Ripe consequence meat is crisp, and juice is abundant, pol 14 ?15%.For examination mulch film, be the agricultural mocromembrane of blow moulded polyethyene, thickness 0.008mm.
1.2 experimental scheme
Test in 3 ?in 2013 and in king town, Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, carry out July.
Test 1: the impact of different coverage modes on muskmelon ' crisp treasured ' yield and quality: 3 processing are established in test, all adopt Creeping-culture mode, two climing trainings, liquid manure is identical with pest management.Do not cover (open country) plantation: artificial ridging, row spacing 150cm, the high 5cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 20cm, the muskmelon of planting in the middle of ridge, spacing in the rows 55cm.Half covers: row spacing 150cm, selects the wide plastic mulching of 150cm ridge face, the high 5cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 20cm, the muskmelon of planting in the middle of ridge, spacing in the rows 55cm.All standing: row spacing 150cm, select the wide plastic mulching of 150cm ridge face, the high 5cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 20cm, paves with the thick straw of 5cm between ridge, the muskmelon of planting in the middle of ridge, spacing in the rows 55cm.Each processes 3 repetitions, and each repeats 2 ridges, the long 60m in ridge.After muskmelon maturation, the front every processing of results samples 15 strains and carries out indoor species test, measures single fruit weight, and pulp is thick, pol, high-quality melon rate.Meanwhile, statistics individual plant knot melon number, single plant yield, output, ripe phase and the time of infertility.Experiment the data obtained is analyzed with SPASS V16.0 statistical software.
Test 2: the impact of different sowing time on thick-skinned melon outdoor cropping.Adopt all standing planting type in test 1, cultivation management method is constant.Minutes three March 3 sowing time, March 20 and April 15.
Test 3: the impact of Different sowing ways on ' crisp treasured ' rate alive and fruit properties.Adopt all standing planting type in test 1, cultivation management method is constant.Adopt respectively the live and impact of point disk seedling growing analysis on Muskmelon Growth.
2 results and analysis
The impact on ' crisp treasured ' yield and quality of 2.1 3 kinds of planting types
The requirement of being accustomed to and adapting for meeting hillside ground, hills cropping pattern according to endemic species melon, this experiment is provided with open country plantation, half culture underglass and three kinds of planting types of all standing cultivation.Result shows: all standing cultivation output is the highest, and half covering is taken second place, and open country plantation is minimum, and output is respectively 2677kg/667m
2, 3865kg/667m
2and 4816kg/667m
2, to compare with open country planting patterns, half culture underglass and all standing cultivation ' crisp treasured ' output significantly (P < 0.05) increase by 44.4% and 79.9%.Similarly, half culture underglass and all standing cultivation ' crisp treasured ' single plant yield is 1.4 and 1.8 times of open country planting patterns.In addition, open country plantation, half culture underglass and all standing are cultivated average individual plant knot melon number and are respectively 2.33,3.17 and 4, Analysis of variance, all standing planting type and open country plantation significant difference (P < 0.05).
Under 3 kinds of planting types of table 1, the output of ' crisp treasured ' forms proterties comparison
Note: a, b, c represents significant difference; Following table is identical.
As shown in Table 2, under open country plantation, half culture underglass and three kinds of planting types of all standing cultivation, pulp Hou He center sugar there was no significant difference (P ﹥ 0.05).But, half culture underglass and all standing cultivation ' crisp treasured ' single fruit weight remarkable (P < 0.05) are higher than open country planting patterns, and compare with open country planting patterns, half culture underglass and all standing cultivation ' crisp treasured ' high-quality melon rate significantly (P < 0.05) increase by 37.7% and 52.5%.
The fruit properties comparison of ' crisp treasured ' under 3 kinds of planting types of table 2
The impact of 2.2 different sowing times on thick-skinned melon
As shown in Table 3, the thick-skinned melon of March 3 sowing, emergence rate significantly (P < 0.05), lower than two other date of seeding, illustrates that ambient temperature is on the low side emerging of seed impacted, and finally affects emergence rate.Allowing to emerges enters and nourishes and grows, its single melon weighs and the high-quality melon rate muskmelon that also significantly (P < 0.05) sowed lower than March 20, illustrate that the freeze injury between Seedling Stage has affected the normal growth growth of muskmelon, and then affect its generative growth phase, cause lopsided melon on the high side.In addition, the muskmelon of sowing on April 15, emergence rate is up to 98%, but sugared, the single melon in center is heavy and the high-quality melon rate muskmelon that all significantly low (P < 0.05) sowed March 20, the commodity that the muskmelon that this time is sowed is described is poor, may be relevant with the plum rain season in Pollination Fertilization stage.
Table 3 under 3 kinds of sowing times on the emergence rate of ' crisp treasured ' and the impact of fruit properties
The impact of 2.3 Different sowing ways on ' crisp treasured ' rate alive and fruit properties
As shown in Table 4, the work of a point disk seedling growing rate remarkable (P < 0.05), lower than direct-seeding, has had a strong impact on per mu yield and the economic benefit of muskmelon.Causing the low main cause of a rate of living is that the seedling cold resistance of point disk seedling growing is poor, is transplanted to the open country that temperature is lower and is vulnerable to damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, and then affect it and grow from electric hotbed, causes the death of part seedling.In addition, the seedling stage runs into damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature the commodity that has also affected ' crisp treasured ', its center sugar, single melon is heavy and high-quality melon rate all significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the muskmelon of direct-seeding cultivation.
The impact of table 4 Different sowing ways on ' crisp treasured ' rate alive and fruit properties
Specific embodiment one
The open country high quality and yield cultivation techniques of thick-skinned melon ' crisp treasured ':
One, site preparation and fertilization
1, wholely.Select soil property medium hillside fields, knob or wasteland, after the beginning of spring, plough, after raking, do furrow, the wide 1.5m of furrow, furrow spacing 20cm, waters vola moisture in the soil water and covers black thin film, mulching straw stalk between furrow, the muskmelon of planting in the middle of furrow, spacing in the rows 55cm;
2, fertilising.Heavy dressing fertilizer, and take basal dressing as main, base manure consumption accounts for 70% left and right of whole fertilizing amount.Fertilising kind be take decomposed manure, conventional chemical fertilizer, composite fertilizer etc. as main, avoid and use chloride fertilizer, in wait until under soil fertility condition, in conjunction with whole every 667m
2organic fertilizer 4000kg, nitrogenous fertilizer 2kg, phosphate fertilizer 6kg and potash fertilizer 4kg.
Two, seeding technique
1, the sowing time.The sowing of employing direct sowing method.Sowing time is mid or late March.
2, seed treatment.Broadcast 55～60 ℃ of water seed soakings of front use 10 minutes, when being constantly stirred to water temperature and being down to 30 ℃ of left and right, continue seed soaking 8～10 hours, the seed having soaked is wrapped to vernalization under the condition that is placed on 25～30 ℃ with wet cloth, every sky Warm Wash 1～2 time, within approximately 17～20 hours, can sprout, when 80% seed sprouts, select bud planting seed.
3, seeding technique.Adopt the way of the high earthing of upper seeding on furrow face, to open approximately 1 centimetre of dark cave, put into earthing after 2 all buds, after upper seeding, on sowing cave, with wet soil, pile 5 to 7 centimetres of high mounds, broadcast latter about 5 days and check when Seed recovery starts curved neck top soil, remove the mound deeply covering, young shoot is unearthed as early as possible.
Three, training is beaten climing
Seedling 5 to 6 leaf phase pinching, stay two healthy and strong sons climing, i.e. two climing trainings, every strain stay 2 ?3 melons.
Four, field management
1, temperature treatment.Before coming up, take temperature raising as main, generally do not leak informaton, after coming up, can carry out seedling hardening according to the weather condition cooling of suitably leaking informaton, along with turning gradually of weather is warm, strengthen the amount of leaking informaton later, and progressively remove little shed, enter people's grown in field.
2, water and fertilizer management.After coming up, water and intertill more less, the intertillage degree of depth be take and do not hindered root as principle.Seedling Stage waters less, stretches the climing phase and suitably waters more, impels the Differentiation and development of the climing and blade normal growth of stem and flower, and the time limit of blooming does not generally water, and Accelerate bloom is beared fruit.Fruit expanding period strengthens waters the water yield, keeps ground moistening.The water yield is watered in fructescence minimizing, can improve fruit quality.Muskmelon is paid attention to throughout one's life 3 times and is poured water, and the one, soil moisture water, the water yield can be larger; The 2nd, urge climing water, when melon seedling starts vigorous growth; The 3rd, swollen melon water, when fruit grows to egg size, pours water and can promote expanding of fruit.
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Powdery mildew is to put prevention first, and insect pest can be trapped and killed with yellow plate.
Claims (3)
1. a thick-skinned melon open country cultivating superior high-yield method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selection of land and whole ground: select soil property medium hillside fields, knob or wasteland, after the beginning of spring, plough and use sufficient base fertilizer, after raking, do furrow, the wide 1.5m of furrow, furrow spacing 20cm, waters vola moisture in the soil water and covers black thin film, mulching straw stalk between furrow, the muskmelon of planting in the middle of furrow, spacing in the rows 55cm;
Step 2, sowing: the sowing time is at mid or late March, seed through 55 ?60 ℃ of water seed soaking vernalization, 2 of every bunch plantings, adopt the sowing of the high earthing method punching of upper seeding rupture of membranes by spacing in the rows, after planting add a cover little shed, span 50cm, the high 40cm of canopy;
Step 3, training are beaten climing: seedling 5 pinching during to 6 leaf, stay two healthy and strong sons climing, i.e. pair climing trainings, every strain stay 2 ?3 melons;
Step 4, field management: Seedling Stage waters less, stretch the climing phase and suitably water more, and do not water flowering stage, and fruit expanding period strengthens waters the water yield, keeps ground moistening, and the water yield is watered in fructescence minimizing, and powdery mildew is to put prevention first, and insect pest is trapped and killed with yellow plate.
2. thick-skinned melon open country cultivating superior high-yield method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cave is 1～3 centimetre deeply, and on sowing cave, with wet soil, pile 5 to 7 centimetres of high mounds after upper seeding, when within after broadcasting 4～7 days, Seed recovery starts curved neck top soil, remove the mound soil deeply covering.
3. thick-skinned melon open country cultivating superior high-yield method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, and every 667m
2organic fertilizer 3500 ?4000kg, nitrogenous fertilizer 2 ?3kg, phosphate fertilizer 5 ?6kg and potash fertilizer 4 ?5kg.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104350936A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | Planting method of cucumis melo with more harvest by one crop |
| CN105248238A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-20 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for cucumis melo through open field drip irrigation |
| CN107493862A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-22 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Lettuce early spring outdoor implantation methods |
| CN107667690A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon grafting greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN111528008A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Sowing method for improving automatic shelling rate of muskmelons |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104350936A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 湖南省西瓜甜瓜研究所 | Planting method of cucumis melo with more harvest by one crop |
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| CN107493862A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-22 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Lettuce early spring outdoor implantation methods |
| CN107667690A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of thick-skinned melon grafting greenhouse cultivation method |
| CN111528008A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Sowing method for improving automatic shelling rate of muskmelons |
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