CN104429536A - Cultivation method capable of controlling tomato root knot nematode - Google Patents
Cultivation method capable of controlling tomato root knot nematode Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method capable of controlling tomato root knot nematode. The cultivation method includes that innovations are made on double-concave-structure cultivation ridges, a sunlight greenhouse tomato special planting mode is set, organic combining of biological trapping and biological fumigating is realized, and the objective of controlling damage of tomato root knot nematode is achieved. No chemical pesticide is used in the cultivation method, so that tomato root knot nematode can be effectively prevented and controlled, root knot index of tomatoes is lowered greatly, yield of the tomatoes is increased, and the cultivation method is low in energy consumption and meets the low-carbon concept.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method controlling tomato root-knot eelworm, belong to growing vegetables technical field.
Background technology
Root-knot nematode harm is one of main harm in tomato crop production process, can cause the tomato underproduction more than 30%, even have no harvest.In recent years, the cultivated area of the vegetable at protected field such as China's greenhouse by solar heat constantly expands, and greenhouse by solar heat is warm and humid suitable, adds long-term continuous cropping, causes root-knot nematode to increase the weight of year by year.And conventional prevention and controls is using of chemical pesticide substantially, such as: lythidathion, dichlorvos, Avermectin, chloroform etc., due to problems such as cost accounting are high, seriously polluted, the demand of modern agricultural development can not be met.The theories such as environmental protection, energy-conservation, low-carbon (LC) deepen continuously the popular feeling large situation under, biological control is more and more subject to people in recent years and payes attention to, especially after number of chemical agricultural chemicals is limited the use of or forbids.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above problem, a kind of cultivation method controlling tomato root-knot eelworm is provided, the method is by rationally arranging cropping pattern, realizing biology lures collection and Biofumigation to organically combine, do not use chemical pesticide completely, effectively can prevent and treat root-knot nematode, consume energy low, meet low-carbon (LC) theory.
For solving above technical problem, the cultivation method of control tomato root-knot eelworm of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) cultivation ridge is set: cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, be made up of 3 protrusion bands and 2 hollow zones, wide 100cm, middle protrusion bandwidth 30cm, 2 of both sides protrude bandwidth and are 20cm, protrude the high 20cm of band, and 2 depression bandwidth are 15cm, the dark 15cm of hollow zone, adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 130cm;
By arranging double concave type cultivation ridge, creating main cultivation crop tomato with luring collects the good environment that root-knot nematode plant or Biofumigation plant do symbiosis mutually, while can obtaining enough Biofumigation materials, do not affect tomato normal growth and grow, the output of tomato can not be reduced.
2) field planting stubble in early spring tomato: tomato is single file list cave Plant colonization on cultivation ridge, field planting is brought at the protrusion of centre, spacing in the rows 25cm, two dry training, 2 trunks of every strain tomato with the protrusion band of cultivating ridge for axis is V-shaped symmetrical, the plane orthogonal at the cultivation axis on ridge and 2 trunk places of every strain tomato;
Owing to adopting double concave type cultivation ridge plantation tomato, virtually increasing the line-spacing of tomato, decreasing the field planting strain number of tomato, in order to not affect tomato yield, the trunk of tomato adopts the two bar training of V-type, increase fruit bearing shoot quantity, and mutually can not shelter from heat or light because fruit bearing shoot increases between branches and leaves, between plant, ventilation and penetrating light is good, effective photosynthetic area is large, accumulation of photosynthate is many, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, thus increases tomato yield.
3) sowing lures and collects root-knot nematode plant: bring drilling to lure collection root-knot nematode plant at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge, tomato is pulled up seedlings first 60 days, and collection root-knot nematode plant will be lured to extract with root, and remove root, and root is concentrated destruction, overground part dries.
4) Biofumigation plant is sowed: after luring collection root-knot nematode plant to pull out, bring drilling Biofumigation plant at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge.
5) after 6-9 month tomato gathers in the crops complete pulling up seedlings, by Biofumigation plant together with step 3) in lure collection root-knot nematode aboveground vegetation part to be crushed to 10-20mm to spread fertilizer over the fields ground, mixing is ploughed deeply to 30-40cm plough horizon with rotovator, water saturates plow layer is watered after leveling, covering with plastic film afterwards, take off film after airtight 20-30 days, plowed soils airing 2-3 days, lower stubble tomato planting add microbial-bacterial fertilizer in soil after, can be arranged.
A kind of prioritization scheme, described in lure collection root-knot nematode Plant choosing Lettuce (Sonchus oieraeus L.).Lettuce easy infection root-knot nematode, with tomato closely intercropping, lures line concentration worm, after root forms a large amount of root knot, pulls out Lettuce, all extracted by root as far as possible, destroys root, reduces nematode insect density.
Another kind of prioritization scheme, described Biofumigation Plant choosing kohlrabi (B.oleracea var.gongylodes).Kohlrabi is Cruciferae brassica plant, containing a large amount of sulphur glycosides (glucosinolate) class materials in its tissue, the myrosin that can be produced by self plant tissue in putrefaction process is hydrolyzed and forms the volatility isothiocyanic acid lipid material very strong with killing livestock property.The action principle of isothiocyanic acid lipid material is mainly destroys cell membrane and genome, suppresses to breathe, thus suppresses or kill biology, have good preventive effect to root-knot nematode.
Another prioritization scheme, described cultivation ridge hollow zone arranges irrigate band and waters for tomato.Watered by cultivation ridge hollow zone, compared with the mode of watering of traditional broad irrigation, the root-knot nematode locally occurred can be controlled within the specific limits, prevent root-knot nematode from spreading.
Adopt above technical scheme, compared with prior art, have the following advantages:
(1) method of the present invention is by innovation cultivation ridge, ridge shape and intercropping pattern, take natural plants as raw material, lures collection and Biofumigation to combine, do not use chemical pesticide completely, consume energy low, meet low-carbon (LC) theory with biology.
(2) the present invention not only this batch of tomato do not endanger by root-knot nematode, and later continuous many batches of tomatoes also do not endanger by root-knot nematode under general planting condition.
(3) suitable application region of the present invention is wide, and simple to operate, use cost is low, comprehensive benefit is remarkable, effectively can not only prevent and treat root-knot nematode, can also strengthen soil fertility, improve soil structure, improve the output of tomato, there are larger economy, society and ecological benefits.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment
In a certain greenhouse by solar heat in Shouguang City of Shandong Province, the plantable area of this greenhouse by solar heat is 2 mu, is divided into five parts, 0.4 mu every part, and is denoted as experimental field 1, experimental field 2, experimental field 3, experimental field 4 and experimental field 5 successively, continuously plantation 3 batches of tomatoes.Field planting on January 5 in 2013 first batch, carries out stubble production in early spring.Wherein,
Experimental field 1 is cultivated by the method for process 1;
Experimental field 2 is cultivated by the method for process 2;
Experimental field 3 is cultivated by the method for process 3;
Experimental field 4 is cultivated by the method for process 4;
Experimental field 5 is cultivated by the method for process 5.
Field planting on October 1 in 2013 second batch, carries out a batch tomato production of surviving the winter.Wherein,
Experimental field 1 is cultivated by the method for process 6;
Experimental field 2 is cultivated by the method for process 7;
Experimental field 3 is cultivated by the method for process 8;
Experimental field 4 is cultivated by the method for process 9;
Experimental field 5 is cultivated by the method for process 10.
Field planting on May 5 in 2014 the 3rd batch, carries out more summer stubble tomato production.Wherein,
Experimental field 1 is cultivated by the method for process 11;
Experimental field 2 is cultivated by the method for process 12;
Experimental field 3 is cultivated by the method for process 13;
Experimental field 4 is cultivated by the method for process 14;
Experimental field 5 is cultivated by the method for process 15.
One, first batch: tomato variety is Beethovan is sense root-knot nematode type kind.
Process 1: by the inventive method cultivated tomato.
Cultivation ridge is set before field planting, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, be made up of 3 protrusion bands and 2 hollow zones, cultivation row spacing 100cm, wherein, middle protrusion bandwidth 30cm, 2 of both sides protrude bandwidth and are 20cm, and 3 protrude that band is high is 20cm, and 2 depression bandwidth are 15cm, article 2, hollow zone is 15cm deeply, arranges 1 irrigate band and water for tomato in every bar hollow zone; Adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 130cm; Tomato is single file list cave Plant colonization on cultivation ridge, field planting is brought at the protrusion of centre, spacing in the rows 25cm, two dry training, 2 trunks of every strain tomato with the protrusion band of cultivating ridge for axis is V-shaped symmetrical, the plane orthogonal at the cultivation axis on ridge and 2 trunk places of every strain tomato; 1-2 days after tomato field planting, drilling is brought to lure collection root-knot nematode plant Lettuce at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge, spacing 3-5cm final singling is pressed during Lettuce rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, tomato is pulled up seedlings first 60 days, Lettuce is extracted with root, as far as possible old complaint is all dug out, remove root, old complaint is concentrated and destroys, Lettuce overground part is dried simultaneously; Lettuce pulls out rear 1-2 days, brings drilling Biofumigation plant kohlrabi again, press spacing 8-10cm final singling during kohlrabi rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge; After 6-9 month tomato gathers in the crops complete pulling up seedlings, kohlrabi is crushed to 10-20mm together with the acrial part that Lettuce dries and spreads fertilizer over the fields ground, mixing is ploughed deeply to 30-40cm plough horizon with rotovator, water saturates plow layer is watered after leveling, covering with plastic film afterwards, by the compacting of mulch film periphery, takes off film after airtight 20-30 days, plowed soils airing 2-3 days, adds microbial-bacterial fertilizer in soil.
Process 2: do not plant and lure collection root-knot nematode plant, the same the present invention of other measures
Cultivation ridge is set before field planting, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, be made up of 3 protrusion bands and 2 hollow zones, cultivation row spacing 100cm, wherein, middle protrusion bandwidth 30cm, 2 of both sides protrude bandwidth and are 20cm, and 3 protrude that band is high is 20cm, and 2 depression bandwidth are 15cm, article 2, hollow zone is 15cm deeply, arranges 1 irrigate band and water for tomato in every bar hollow zone; Adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 130cm; Tomato is single file list cave Plant colonization on cultivation ridge, field planting is brought at the protrusion of centre, spacing in the rows 25cm, two dry training, 2 trunks of every strain tomato with the protrusion band of cultivating ridge for axis is V-shaped symmetrical, the plane orthogonal at the cultivation axis on ridge and 2 trunk places of every strain tomato; Tomato is pulled up seedlings first 60 days, brings drilling Biofumigation plant kohlrabi, press spacing 8-10cm final singling during kohlrabi rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge; After 6-9 month tomato gathers in the crops complete pulling up seedlings, kohlrabi is crushed to 10-20mm and spreads fertilizer over the fields ground, mixing is ploughed deeply to 30-40cm plough horizon with rotovator, water saturates plow layer is watered after leveling, covering with plastic film afterwards, by the compacting of mulch film periphery, takes off film after airtight 20-30 days, plowed soils airing 2-3 days, adds microbial-bacterial fertilizer in soil.
Process 3: do not plant Biofumigation plant, not fumigating soil, the same the present invention of other measures
Cultivation ridge is set before field planting, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, be made up of 3 protrusion bands and 2 hollow zones, cultivation row spacing 100cm, wherein, middle protrusion bandwidth 30cm, 2 of both sides protrude bandwidth and are 20cm, and 3 protrude that band is high is 20cm, and 2 depression bandwidth are 15cm, article 2, hollow zone is 15cm deeply, arranges 1 irrigate band and water for tomato in every bar hollow zone; Adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 130cm; Tomato is single file list cave Plant colonization on cultivation ridge, field planting is brought at the protrusion of centre, spacing in the rows 25cm, two dry training, 2 trunks of every strain tomato with the protrusion band of cultivating ridge for axis is V-shaped symmetrical, the plane orthogonal at the cultivation axis on ridge and 2 trunk places of every strain tomato; 1-2 days after tomato field planting, brings drilling to lure collection root-knot nematode plant Lettuce at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge, presses spacing 3-5cm final singling during Lettuce rice shoot 3 leaf 1 heart, tomato is pulled up seedlings first 60 days, is extracted with root by Lettuce, old complaint is all dug out as far as possible, remove root, old complaint is concentrated and destroys.6-9 month tomato is ploughed deeply 30-40cm plough horizon with rotovator, in soil, adds microbial-bacterial fertilizer after gathering in the crops complete pulling up seedlings.
Process 4: arrange double concave type cultivation ridge, neither plantation lures collection root-knot nematode plant, and also do not plant Biofumigation plant, not fumigating soil, other measure is identical with the present invention.
Cultivation ridge is set before field planting, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, be made up of 3 protrusion bands and 2 hollow zones, cultivation row spacing 100cm, wherein, middle protrusion bandwidth 30cm, 2 of both sides protrude bandwidth and are 20cm, and 3 protrude that band is high is 20cm, and 2 depression bandwidth are 15cm, article 2, hollow zone is 15cm deeply, arranges 1 irrigate band and water for tomato in every bar hollow zone; Adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 130cm; Tomato is single file list cave Plant colonization on cultivation ridge, field planting is brought at the protrusion of centre, spacing in the rows 25cm, two dry training, 2 trunks of every strain tomato with the protrusion band of cultivating ridge for axis is V-shaped symmetrical, the plane orthogonal at the cultivation axis on ridge and 2 trunk places of every strain tomato.6-9 month tomato is ploughed deeply 30-40cm plough horizon with rotovator, in soil, adds microbial-bacterial fertilizer after gathering in the crops complete pulling up seedlings.
Process 5: general planting method (contrast)
By the habitual implantation methods plantation of local vegetable grower.
Test method and data:
Before uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, each processing mode is got 20 strain plant at random and is grubbed out out, respectively to the root knot of root carries out classification after cleaning with clear water, calculates root knot index.
Result of the test
To uproot before uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested observation, root growth and the Routine control process of process of the present invention also exist notable difference, process 1 well developed root system, fibrous root is many, and root is foresythia, process 2, process 3, process 4 and process 5 fibrous roots are few, root appearance is faint yellow, and root system is covered with large root knot, and majority connects together, some formation daetylorhizs, root system is obviously abnormal.
As calculated, processing 1 root knot index is 4.56, and process 2 is 49.82, and process 3 is 45.67, and process 4 is 65.28, and processing 5 root knot indexes is 83.15.Analysis of variance, process 1 and process 2, process 3, process process 4, process 5 between difference extremely remarkable, process 2, process 3, process 4 and significant difference between processing 5, process 2 and between processing 3 difference not remarkable.
In addition, after tomato results, calculate the output of each experimental field, processing 1 output is 9782.9kg/ mu, processing 2 output is 8327.5kg mu, and processing 3 output is 8425.8kg mu, and processing 4 output is 8169.1kg mu, processing 5 output is 7529.3kg mu, process 1 comparatively processes 2, process 3, process 4, process 5 per mu yield improve 17.5%, 16.1%, 19.8%, 29.9% respectively.
Two, second batch: tomato variety is Beethovan is sense root-knot nematode type kind.
Process 6: on the experimental field 1 after first batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 7: on the experimental field 2 after first batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 8: on the experimental field 3 after first batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 9: on the experimental field 4 after first batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 10: on the experimental field 5 after first batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Test method and data:
Before uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, each process is got 20 strain plant at random and is grubbed out out, respectively to the root knot of root carries out classification after cleaning with clear water, calculates root knot index.
Result of the test
Uproot before uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested observation, the root growth of different disposal also exists notable difference, and process 6 well developed root systems, fibrous root is many, and root is foresythia; Process 7 root systems more flourishing, fibrous root is more, and root is foresythia; Process 8, process 9, to process 10 fibrous roots few, and root appearance be faint yellow, and root system is covered with large root knot, and majority connects together, some formation daetylorhizs, and root system is exception obviously.
As calculated, processing 6 root knot indexes is 0; Process 7 knot index is 1.52; Processing 8 root knot indexes is 72.59; Processing 9 root knot indexes is 81.03; Processing 10 root knot indexes is 85.27.Point difference analysis, process 6, process 7 and process 8, process 9, process 10 between difference extremely remarkable, significant difference between process 6 and process 7, process 8, process 9 and between processing 10 difference not remarkable.
In addition, after tomato results, calculate the output of each experimental field, processing 6 output is 11957.4kg/ mu; Processing 7 output is 11054.2kg/ mu; Processing 8 output is 9087.5kg/ mu; Processing 9 output is 9145.2kg/ mu; Processing 10 output is 8831.7kg/ mu, and process 6 comparatively processes 7, process 8, process 9, process 10 improve 8.2%, 31.6%, 30.8%, 35.4% respectively.
Three, the 3rd batch: tomato variety is hundred profits is sense root-knot nematode type kind.
Process 11: on the experimental field 1 after second batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 12: on the experimental field 2 after second batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 13: on the experimental field 3 after second batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 14: on the experimental field 4 after second batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Process 15: on the experimental field 5 after second batch of results, implantation methods plants tomato routinely.
Test method and data:
Before uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, each process is got 20 strain plant at random and is grubbed out out, respectively to the root knot of root carries out classification after cleaning with clear water, calculates root knot index.
Result of the test
Uproot before uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested observation, the root growth of different disposal also exists notable difference, and process 11 well developed root systems, fibrous root is many, and root is foresythia; Process 12 root systems more flourishing, fibrous root is more, and root is foresythia; Process 13, process 14, to process 15 fibrous roots few, and root appearance be faint yellow, and root system is covered with large root knot, and majority connects together, some formation daetylorhizs, and root system is exception obviously.
As calculated, processing 11 root knot indexes is 1.42; Processing 12 root knot indexes is 5.25; Processing 13 root knot indexes is 81.12; Processing 14 root knot indexes is 85.47; Processing 15 root knot indexes is 89.66, process 11, process 12 and process 13, process 14, process 15 between difference extremely remarkable, significant difference between process 11 and process 12, process 13, process 14, process 15 between difference not remarkable.
In addition, after tomato results, calculate the output of each experimental field, processing 11 tomato yields is 7601.4kg/ mu; Processing 12 tomato yields is 7082.7kg/ mu; Processing 13 tomato yields is 5029.5kg/ mu; Processing 14 tomato yields is 5126.8kg/ mu; Processing 15 tomato yields is 4833.4kg/ mu, and process 11 comparatively processes 12, process 13, process 14, process 15 improve 7.3%, 51.1%, 48.3%, 57.3% respectively.
Claims (4)
1. control a cultivation method for tomato root-knot eelworm, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) cultivation ridge is set: cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, be made up of 3 protrusion bands and 2 hollow zones, whole cultivation row spacing 100cm, middle protrusion bandwidth 30cm, 2 of both sides protrude bandwidth and are 20cm, protrude the high 20cm of band, and 2 depression bandwidth are 15cm, the dark 15cm of hollow zone, adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 130cm;
2) field planting stubble in early spring tomato: tomato is single file list cave Plant colonization on cultivation ridge, and field planting is brought at the protrusion of centre, spacing in the rows 25cm, two dry training, 2 trunks of every strain tomato with the protrusion band of cultivating ridge for axis is V-shaped symmetrical;
3) sowing lures and collects root-knot nematode plant: bring drilling to lure collection root-knot nematode plant at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge, tomato is pulled up seedlings first 60 days, and collection root-knot nematode plant will be lured to extract with root, and remove root, and root is concentrated destruction, overground part dries;
4) Biofumigation plant is sowed: after luring collection root-knot nematode plant to pull out, bring drilling Biofumigation plant at the protrusion of cultivation both sides, ridge;
5) after 6-9 megathermal period in month tomato gathers in the crops complete pulling up seedlings, by Biofumigation plant together with step 3) in lure collection root-knot nematode aboveground vegetation part to be crushed to 10-20mm to spread fertilizer over the fields ground, mixing is ploughed deeply to 30-40cm plough horizon with rotovator, water saturates plow layer is watered after leveling, covering with plastic film afterwards, take off film after airtight 20-30 days, plowed soils airing 2-3 days, lower stubble add microbial-bacterial fertilizer in soil after, can be arranged to plant.
2. the cultivation method of control tomato root-knot eelworm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in lure and integrate root-knot nematode plant as Lettuce.
3. the cultivation method of control tomato root-knot eelworm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Biofumigation plant is kohlrabi.
4. the cultivation method of control tomato root-knot eelworm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cultivation ridge hollow zone arranges irrigate band, for watering to tomato.
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| CN110583385A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-20 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Prevention and treatment method for dragon fruit anthracnose |
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