CN105961188A - Net house seed production method for bitter gourds - Google Patents
Net house seed production method for bitter gourds Download PDFInfo
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- CN105961188A CN105961188A CN201610361040.8A CN201610361040A CN105961188A CN 105961188 A CN105961188 A CN 105961188A CN 201610361040 A CN201610361040 A CN 201610361040A CN 105961188 A CN105961188 A CN 105961188A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a net house seed production method for bitter gourds. A female and male parent planting pattern is set and improved in a net house, and male parents and female parents are planted in a relay intercropping mode in different zones of a cultivation ridge of a double-concave structure; the male parents do not independently occupy land additionally, so that the purposes of increasing the number of female parent plants in the total area of a seed production land plot and improving the growing environment of male parent plants and the female parent plants are achieved, and the method is beneficial for increasing the yield and improving the quality of bitter gourd hybrid seeds. The yield of the bitter gourd hybrid seeds is increased by 26.9% to 28.4%, and the thousand seed weight is increased by 7.6 g to 7.8 g.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Momordicae charantiae solarium producing method for seed, belong to vegetable breeding technical field.
Background technology
Fructus Momordicae charantiae hybrid seeding is for the purpose of producing high-quality hybrid seed, and the advantage utilizing Fructus Momordicae charantiae male parent maternal is dominant, by producing in yielding ability, disease resistance, resistance the Hybrid significantly more than parents after the artificial hybridization production of hybrid seeds.The problems such as it is on the low side that Fructus Momordicae charantiae exists yield during hybrid seeding, and seed quality and purity are difficult to effectively control, and production cost is high, these problems constrain the development of Fructus Momordicae charantiae kind industry to a certain extent.
The technological deficiency of the Fructus Momordicae charantiae tradition conventional hybridization production of hybrid seeds is mainly manifested in:
(1) planting in the male parent of Fructus Momordicae charantiae, maternal the most individually partition set, male parent takies independent land area, reduces plant number maternal on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, causes hybrid seed to yield poorly.
(2) in order to reduce male parent floor space, generally use the method plantation male parent strengthening planting density, cause the disorderly competition between paternal plant, the male flower making plant can not get more preferable nutritional condition, and it is poor that male flower is grown, and pollen quantity reduces, it is unfavorable for carrying out adopting powder, causes hybridization pollination of poor quality.
(3) roguing opportunity and method can not science, Parent hybrid strain removes thorough, causes the generation of pseudostationary, and hybrid seed purity declines.
(4) must arrange remote isolation area, multiple Fructus Momordicae charantiae cenospecies can not be in same base closely breeding, and breeding cost becomes big.
Therefore, how to improve the systematic seeding technique of Fructus Momordicae charantiae, reduce the generation of pseudostationary, improve hybrid seed yield, reducing breeding cost is the problem demanding prompt solution that the industry is faced.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is for problem above, it is provided that a kind of Fructus Momordicae charantiae solarium producing method for seed, this method increases the planting of maternal strain number on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, seed purity and percentage of seedgermination high；Improve Parent planting proportion, reduce male parent planting density, be conducive to improving hybrid seed yield and quality, reduce breeding cost.
For solving above technical problem, the Fructus Momordicae charantiae solarium producing method for seed of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
1) solarium is set: select the rich soil that high-land, irrigation and drainage are good, and the plot without quarantine disease sets up arc bow member, span 6-8m, rise 2.5-3.0m, long 60-80m, arc bow member overlying lid 40-50 mesh fly net；
2) cultivation ridge is set: arranging cultivation ridge in solarium, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, is protruded band by 3 and 2 hollow zones form, article 3, protruding bandwidth and be 20cm, protrude band height 20cm, 2 depression bandwidth are 20cm, the deep 20cm of hollow zone, adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 150cm；
3) use solarium in Shandong be April early and middle ten days carry out the Fructus Momordicae charantiae production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of Parent is 1:6, male parent was than maternal planting early enough 5-7 days, the seedling age phase is about 20 days, and rice shoot reaches to carry out field planting during 3 leaf 1 heart, by male parent field planting protrusion band in the middle of cultivation ridge, maternal field planting is on 2 protrusion bands of cultivation both sides, ridge, before field planting, the typical character pair father such as leaf, leaf color, growing way, female parent according to Seedling carry out the 1st time going hybrid strain, the young plant of hybrid strain and doubtful hybrid strain are removed, no longer field planting；
4) female parent is gone alone training, hang climing cultivation；When maternal 1st female flower is buddingged, carry out the 2nd time according to typical case's character pair female parent such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum color and go hybrid strain；By the 1st female flower pollination self of female parent, sit melon, it is simple to go hybrid strain the 3rd time；Maternal 1st female flower is sat after melon 8-10 days, carries out the 3rd time going hybrid strain according to typical case's character pair female parent such as curcumbitate, melon skin color, goes for the 3rd time after hybrid strain in time by female parent sugar-preserved gourd and the 2nd female flower alabastrum excision；Hybridization pollination is started from the 3rd maternal female flower；
5) except male flower: during pollination during every day 16 before should extract the male flower on maternal plant, the 2nd day early morning cleared up one time again, it is ensured that the hybridization pollination male flower that the same day, female parent did not open；
6) bagging: front 1 afternoon of pollinating is by the male flower of the 2nd day male parent to be bloomed and the set paper bag isolation of maternal female flower；
7) pollination: after bagging during the 2nd day 7-10 in the morning, the female paper bag taken is taken off, opens petal and expose stigma, the male parent male flower petal of bagging is removed and exposes flower pesticide, pollen is evenly coated on female chapiter and hybridizes, the most again by female flower bagging, the next day take off paper bag；
8), after all pollination terminates, paternal plant is pulled out；Pluck fruit, flower, alabastrum and the side shoot of having no result do not pollinated on maternal plant, stay 2-3 sheet leaf pinching in last hybridization side of taking；
9), when hybridization melon length is to 4-5cm size, selects fruit shape 4-5 melon good, supermature to make kind of a melon, unnecessary melon is removed；Kind melon growth course carries out the 4th to female parent and goes hybrid strain, the female parent that kind of melon does not meets varietal character is removed in time；Gather in time after planting melon maturation, after carrying out after-ripening in 7-10 days, take seed.
A kind of prioritization scheme, in described step 3) during field planting, female parent strain is away from for 45cm, and male parent spacing in the rows is 135cm.
Another kind of prioritization scheme, in described step 7), a strain retains 5-6 hybridization female flower, and namely a strain female parent ensures there be 5-6 colored hybridization pollination.
Another prioritization scheme, in described step 4), male parent hangs climing cultivation, does not prunes；After there is the 1st female flower alabastrum in paternal plant, carry out male parent according to typical case's character such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum color and go hybrid strain for the 2nd time, and by the 1st female flower pollination self, seat melon, 1st female flower is sat after melon 8-10 days, carry out the 3rd time going hybrid strain according to typical case's character pair male parent such as curcumbitate, melon skin color, extract after the 3rd time is gone hybrid strain and in time the 1st melon that female flower is sat of male parent.
Use above technical scheme, compared with prior art, have the advantage that
(1) the Fructus Momordicae charantiae production of hybrid seeds of the present invention cultivates ridge structure by innovation in solarium, changing nonoculture plantation in Parent independent partitions under tradition normal condition is mixing point band relay interplanting planting, the not extra individually land occupation of male parent, add the planting of maternal strain number on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, improve Fructus Momordicae charantiae hybrid seed yield.667m of the present invention2The more traditional conventional method of hybrid seed yield improves 26.9%-28.4%.
(2) the Fructus Momordicae charantiae production of hybrid seeds of the present invention changes dense planting in male parent partition set is a point band dispersion thin planting, and male parent robust growth, male flower quantity is many, quality good in formation；Meanwhile, be conducive to improving Parent planting proportion, be effectively improved the strain number of male parent, improve quality and the supply of pollen, improve the quality of hybridization pollination.The Fructus Momordicae charantiae more traditional conventional method of hybrid seed mass of 1000 kernel of the present invention increases 7.6-7.8g, and seed is fuller.
(3) method by staying fruit to identify hybrid strain has been innovated in the Fructus Momordicae charantiae production of hybrid seeds of the present invention, it is possible to thoroughly removing Parent hybrid strain, substantially increase the purity of hybrid seed, seed purity reaches 100%；Percentage of seedgermination is 98.5%-100%, and field occurs without false hybrid strain.
(4) present invention uses solarium's production of hybrid seeds, need not arrange remote isolation area, can realize multiple same bases of Fructus Momordicae charantiae cenospecies closely breeding.
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 ,Field test is in vegetable breeding base, Shouguang City.Varieties of Balsam Pear is bitter No. 6 of company of Shouguang City selection-breeding Fructus Momordicae charantiae first cross kind green grass or young crops, and male parent is SKG02-16, and female parent is SKG04-24.
Test method: test has set 2 contrasts, for the conventional producing method for seed of tradition and producing method for seed of the present invention.
Solarium of the present invention producing method for seed step:
1) solarium is set: select the rich soil that high-land, irrigation and drainage are good, and the plot without quarantine disease sets up arc bow member, span 6-8m, rise 2.5-3.0m, long 60-80m, arc bow member overlying lid 40-50 mesh fly net.
2) cultivation ridge is set: arranging cultivation ridge in solarium, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, is protruded band by 3 and 2 hollow zones form, article 3, protruding bandwidth and be 20cm, protrude band height 20cm, 2 depression bandwidth are 20cm, the deep 20cm of hollow zone, adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 150cm；
3) use solarium in Shandong be April early and middle ten days carry out the blue or green bitter No. 6 Fructus Momordicae charantiae production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of Parent is 1:6, and male parent was than maternal planting early enough 5-7 days, the seedling age phase is about 20 days, rice shoot reaches to carry out field planting during 3 leaf 1 heart, and by male parent field planting protrusion band in the middle of cultivation ridge, spacing in the rows is 135cm.Maternal field planting is on 2 protrusion bands of cultivation both sides, ridge, and spacing in the rows is 45cm.Before field planting, the typical character pair father such as leaf, leaf color, growing way, female parent according to Seedling carry out the 1st time going hybrid strain, the young plant of hybrid strain and doubtful hybrid strain are removed, no longer field planting.
4) female parent is gone alone training, hang climing cultivation；When maternal 1st female flower is buddingged, carry out the 2nd time according to typical case's character pair female parent such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum color and go hybrid strain；By the 1st female flower pollination self of female parent, sit melon, it is simple to go hybrid strain the 3rd time；Maternal 1st female flower is sat after melon 8-10 days, carries out the 3rd time going hybrid strain according to typical case's character pair female parent such as curcumbitate, melon skin color, goes for the 3rd time after hybrid strain in time by female parent sugar-preserved gourd and the 2nd female flower alabastrum excision；Hybridization pollination is started from the 3rd maternal female flower.Male parent hangs climing cultivation, does not prunes；After there is the 1st female flower alabastrum in paternal plant, carry out male parent according to typical case's character such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum color and go hybrid strain for the 2nd time, and by the 1st female flower pollination self, seat melon, 1st female flower is sat after melon 8-10 days, carry out the 3rd time going hybrid strain according to typical case's character pair male parent such as curcumbitate, melon skin color, extract after the 3rd time is gone hybrid strain and in time the 1st melon that female flower is sat of male parent.
5) except male flower: during pollination during every day 16 before should extract the male flower on maternal plant, the 2nd day early morning cleared up one time again, it is ensured that the hybridization pollination male flower that the same day, female parent did not open；
6) bagging: front 1 afternoon of pollinating is by the male flower of the 2nd day male parent to be bloomed and the set paper bag isolation of maternal female flower；
7) pollination: after bagging during the 2nd day 7-10 in the morning, the female paper bag taken is taken off, opens petal and expose stigma, the male parent male flower petal of bagging is removed and exposes flower pesticide, pollen is evenly coated on female chapiter and hybridizes, the most again by female flower bagging, the next day take off paper bag；One strain maternal plant retains 5-6 hybridization female flower.
8), after all pollination terminates, paternal plant is pulled out；Pluck fruit, flower, alabastrum and the side shoot of having no result do not pollinated on maternal plant, stay 2-3 sheet leaf pinching in last hybridization side of taking；
9), when hybridization melon length is to 4-5cm size, selects fruit shape 4-5 melon good, supermature to make kind of a melon, unnecessary melon is removed；In kind melon growth course, female parent being carried out the 4th and go hybrid strain, the female parent that kind of melon does not meets blue or green bitter No. 6 varietal characters is removed in time；Gather in time after planting melon maturation, after carrying out after-ripening in 7-10 days, take seed.
Above-mentioned go hybrid strain process, be intended to pull out the hybrid strain in male parent, planting of maternal row and doubtful hybrid strain.
Result of the test: present invention producing method for seed 667m more conventional than tradition2SKG04-24(is maternal) to increase plant number be 330 strains, blue or green bitter No. 6 Fructus Momordicae charantiae hybrid seed 667m2Output increased 26.9%, single melon amount of setting seeds increases by 2.5, and mass of 1000 kernel increases 7.6g.
Randomly drawing 2000 seeds from the present invention and the made cenospecies of tradition routine producing method for seed respectively, carry out blue or green bitter No. 6 field plantings test, bitter No. 6 percentages of seedgermination of production of hybrid seeds green grass or young crops of the present invention are 100%, and field occurs without false hybrid strain, and seed purity reaches 100%；Bitter No. 6 percentages of seedgermination of the conventional production of hybrid seeds green grass or young crops of tradition are 90.1%, and field has the false hybrid strain of 0.24% to occur.
Embodiment 2, field test is in vegetable breeding base, Shouguang City.Varieties of Balsam Pear is bitter No. 8 of company of Shouguang City selection-breeding Fructus Momordicae charantiae first cross kind green grass or young crops, and male parent is SKG02-18, and female parent is SKG04-26.
Test method: test has set 2 contrasts, for the conventional producing method for seed of tradition and producing method for seed of the present invention.
Solarium of the present invention producing method for seed step: in addition to kind difference, other measure is with embodiment 1.
Result of the test: present invention producing method for seed 667m more conventional than tradition2SKG04-26(is maternal) to increase plant number be 330 strains, blue or green bitter No. 8 Fructus Momordicae charantiae hybrid seed 667m2Output increased 28.4%, single melon amount of setting seeds increases by 2.5, and mass of 1000 kernel increases 7.8g.
Randomly drawing 2000 seeds from the present invention and the made cenospecies of tradition routine producing method for seed respectively, carry out blue or green bitter No. 8 field plantings test, production of hybrid seeds green grass or young crops hardship eighth-seeded germination percentage of the present invention is 98.5%, and field occurs without false hybrid strain, and seed purity reaches 100%；The conventional production of hybrid seeds green grass or young crops hardship eighth-seeded germination percentage of tradition is 90.3%, and field has the false hybrid strain of 0.21% to occur.
By the experimental result of above example, it can be seen that take the present invention to carry out the Fructus Momordicae charantiae production of hybrid seeds, on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, female parent strain number increases, paternal pollen is grown, maternal stalwartness of growing, single melon amount of setting seeds dramatically increases, and mass of 1000 kernel substantially increases, seed is full, germination percentage is high, and seed purity is high, and yield is high.
The above is the citing of best mode for carrying out the invention, and the part addressed the most in detail is the common knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the content of claim, and the equivalent transformation that any technology based on the present invention is enlightened and carried out, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a Fructus Momordicae charantiae solarium producing method for seed, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) solarium is set: select the rich soil that high-land, irrigation and drainage are good, and the plot without quarantine disease sets up arc bow member, span 6-8m, rise 2.5-3.0m, long 60-80m, arc bow member overlying lid 40-50 mesh fly net；
2) cultivation ridge is set: arranging cultivation ridge in solarium, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, is protruded band by 3 and 2 hollow zones form, article 3, protruding bandwidth and be 20cm, protrude band height 20cm, 2 depression bandwidth are 20cm, the deep 20cm of hollow zone, adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 150cm；
3) use solarium in Shandong be April early and middle ten days carry out the Fructus Momordicae charantiae production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of Parent is 1:6, male parent was than maternal planting early enough 5-7 days, the seedling age phase is about 20 days, rice shoot reaches to carry out field planting during 3 leaf 1 heart, by on male parent field planting protrusion band in the middle of cultivation ridge, maternal field planting, on 2 protrusion bands of cultivation both sides, ridge, carries out the 1st time go hybrid strain to father, female parent before field planting；
4) female parent is gone alone training, hang climing cultivation, 1st female flower carries out the 2nd time when buddingging and goes hybrid strain, by the 1st female flower pollination self, sit melon, 1st female flower carries out the 3rd time for 8-10 days after sitting melon and goes hybrid strain, in time female parent sugar-preserved gourd and the 2nd female flower alabastrum are extractd after going hybrid strain for 3rd time, start hybridization pollination from the 3rd female flower；
5) except male flower: during pollination during every day 16 before extract the male flower on maternal plant, clear up one time again the 2nd day early morning, it is ensured that the hybridization pollination male flower that the same day, female parent did not open；
6) bagging: front 1 afternoon of pollinating is by the male flower of the 2nd day male parent to be bloomed and maternal female flower set paper bag；
7) pollination: after bagging during the 2nd day 7-10 in the morning, the female paper bag taken is taken off, opens petal and expose stigma, the male parent male flower petal of bagging is removed and exposes flower pesticide, pollen is evenly coated on female chapiter and hybridizes, the most again by female flower bagging；
8), after all pollination terminates, paternal plant is pulled out；Pluck fruit, flower, alabastrum and the side shoot of having no result do not pollinated on maternal plant, stay 2-3 sheet leaf pinching in last hybridization side of taking；
9), when hybridization melon length is to 4-5cm size, selects fruit shape 4-5 melon good, supermature to make kind of a melon, unnecessary melon is removed；Kind melon growth course carries out the 4th to female parent and goes hybrid strain；Gather in time after planting melon maturation, after carrying out after-ripening in 7-10 days, take seed.
A kind of Fructus Momordicae charantiae solarium the most according to claim 1 producing method for seed, it is characterised in that: in step 3) during field planting, female parent strain is away from for 45cm, and male parent spacing in the rows is 135cm.
A kind of Fructus Momordicae charantiae solarium the most according to claim 1 producing method for seed, it is characterised in that: in step 7), a strain retains 5-6 hybridization female flower.
A kind of Fructus Momordicae charantiae solarium the most according to claim 1 producing method for seed, it is characterised in that: in step 4), male parent hangs climing cultivation, does not prunes；Plant carries out the 2nd time to male parent after there is the 1st female flower alabastrum and goes hybrid strain, by the 1st female flower pollination self, sits melon, and the 1st female flower carries out the 3rd time to male parent in 8-10 days after sitting melon and go hybrid strain, is extractd by melon in time after going hybrid strain for the 3rd time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610361040.8A CN105961188A (en) | 2016-05-29 | 2016-05-29 | Net house seed production method for bitter gourds |
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| CN201610361040.8A CN105961188A (en) | 2016-05-29 | 2016-05-29 | Net house seed production method for bitter gourds |
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| CN201610361040.8A Pending CN105961188A (en) | 2016-05-29 | 2016-05-29 | Net house seed production method for bitter gourds |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108925380A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-04 | 长沙市蔬菜科学研究所(长沙市无公害蔬菜检测中心)(长沙市农业科学研究所) | A kind of one batch of double receipts balsam pear producing method for seed |
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| CN104429536A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-25 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | Cultivation method capable of controlling tomato root knot nematode |
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2016
- 2016-05-29 CN CN201610361040.8A patent/CN105961188A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104429536A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-25 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | Cultivation method capable of controlling tomato root knot nematode |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 刘恩贺等: "纱网室内苦瓜杂交制种技术", 《现代农业科技》 * |
| 朱文斌等: "苦瓜网室栽培技术", 《中国种业》 * |
| 陆振裕等: "春季苦瓜杂交制种高产栽培技术", 《广西农学报》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108925380A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-04 | 长沙市蔬菜科学研究所(长沙市无公害蔬菜检测中心)(长沙市农业科学研究所) | A kind of one batch of double receipts balsam pear producing method for seed |
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Application publication date: 20160928 |