CN103461101B - Stemless cucurbita maxima breeding method - Google Patents
Stemless cucurbita maxima breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103461101B CN103461101B CN201310398431.3A CN201310398431A CN103461101B CN 103461101 B CN103461101 B CN 103461101B CN 201310398431 A CN201310398431 A CN 201310398431A CN 103461101 B CN103461101 B CN 103461101B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pumpkin breeding method, in particular relates to a cucurbita maxima breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. At present, all of cucurbita maxima have stems; as the stemless cucurbita maxima is dominant for the stemmed cucurbita maxima, all of the first filial generations after the stemless cucurbita maxima is hybridized with the stemmed cucurbita maxima do not have the stems. According to the method, the stemless cucurbita maxima is bred; Chinese pumpkins with high temperature resistance and good disease resistance are utilized as materials; the stemless cucurbita maxima bred through different interspecific hybridization solves the problems that existing cucurbita maxima is not resistant to high temperature and can be easily infected with virus diseases; a new stemless cucurbita maxima variety with good quality and good disease resistance is bred.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection of pumpkin, particularly relate to a kind of western pumpkin selection, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Western pumpkin (i.e. giant pumpkin) is also known as chestnut pumpkin, one of Cucurbita (Cucurbita) three main cultispecies, western pumpkin is best in quality, multiple nutritional components content all has increase in various degree compared with China squash, add appearance looks elegant, exquisiteness, promote in China and be shortly well received.Due to the general non-refractory of western pumpkin, during the broiling summer virus disease occur very heavy, spring late sowing or autumn culture often cause total crop failure, range of application has significant limitation.At present, western pumpkin is overgrows, and cultivation not only needs keep down the vines of a creeping plant, built, effort of taking a lot of work, and takes up an area many, and field planting strain number is few, and per mu yield generally only has about 2000Kg, and economic benefit is not high.Non-trailing pumpkin with have compared with trailing pumpkin, number of plants per unit area and output can be increased, and management is simple, without the need to built of pruning, can dart transfer.Applicant recognizes one section of patent No.: 92109341.1, the Chinese invention patent of title " method of cross-bred seeding for non-trailing pumpkin ", disclose a kind of method of cross-bred seeding for non-trailing pumpkin, the non-trailing pumpkin brought out is without the need to built of pruning, dart transfer, but its seed selection be still China squash, quality is not as western pumpkin.So far correlation technique is not had to solve the plantation confinement problems of western pumpkin.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the shortcoming that above-mentioned existing western pumpkin kind exists, propose the breeding method of western pumpkin hybrid, thus cultivate high-quality, disease-resistant, without climing western pumpkin hybrid, make it can obtain spread plantation.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs: a kind of without climing western pumpkin selection, comprises the following steps:
Step one, by China squash " without climing No. 4 pumpkins " with there is climing western pumpkin " Jin Li " to hybridize, obtain hybrid seed F1;
Step 2, by described F1 sowing cultivation, in offspring with without climing, high-quality, disease-resistant, get bumper crops as breeding objective selects the excellent individual plant selfing of Comprehensive Traits to reserve seed for planting;
Step 3, repeat the selfing process 3 times of step 2, obtain proterties stablize, disease-resistant without climing western pumpkin inbred line 04-4-3-2-1, for subsequent use;
Step 4, high temperature resistant, the antiviral individual plant in western pumpkin " Li Qing " and China squash " beautiful " to be hybridized, obtain hybrid seed F1 ';
Step 5, by described F1 ' sowing cultivation, in offspring with high temperature resistant viral diseases, high-quality, commodity well for the individual plant selfing that breeding objective selection Comprehensive Traits is excellent is reserved seed for planting;
Step 6, repeat the selfing process 4 times of step 5, obtain that proterties is stablized, high antiviral sick, high-quality have climing western pumpkin inbred line 02-1-2-2-3-3;
Step 7, with without climing western pumpkin inbred line 04-4-3-2-1 for female parent, there to be climing western pumpkin inbred line 02-1-2-2-3-3 to hybridize for male parent, make without climing western pumpkin.In said method, also need implement according to following technical scheme when hybrid seeding:
In described step 7, hybrid seeding field and other pumpkin variety more than isolation distance 1500m.Adopt feeding block seedlings raising during sowing, described male parent is than maternal planting early enough 7-10 days.Field planting first half of the month, choose production of hybrid seeds plot wholely, apply fertilizer, do furrow, select seedling age 30 days ± 1 day, two leaves wholeheartedly time field planting, father, planting of maternal ratio press 1:5, every 667 ㎡ cultivation 1000 ± 50 strains.Before hybridization pollination starts, once thoroughly impurity elimination is carried out to father, female parent, in flowering stage, every other day the male flower on female parent is removed, prevent insect pollination.In pollinating noon before that day, select the maternal female flower that can bloom for second day and male parent male flower, corolla is clamped or pricks with bundle of lines corolla front end, pollinate during the next morning 7-9, male parent stamen pollen is fully smeared on maternal column cap, and then female flower is tied.Plant melon within latter 50 days ± 2 days, to gather in pollination, after-ripening 10 days ± 2 days, cuts open after seed got by melon and washes at once, melon pulp and seed are separated, and dries in time, preserves after seed is washed.
In the present invention, high-quality refers to that taste quality is good, and meat is tight, and opaque degree is high, and taste is sweet, local flavor is good.
Disease-resistantly refer to that growing period disease is without generation or occur very light, on plant strain growth, output without impact.
High yield refers to have climing western pumpkin to increase production more than 10% than current main breed " east rise " " Jin Li " etc.
Proterties is stable refers to plant height, leaf blade size, petiole length, the shape, melon skin color, pulp colour etc. of blade shape, melon.
Commodity refers to pumpkin outward appearance rounding, attractive in appearance.
High antiviral disease refers to have high temperature resistant, viral diseases, and under the hot conditions more than 30 DEG C, the viral diseased plant incidence of disease is less than 5%.
Current western pumpkin all has climing, and due to without climing climing for dominant to having, hybridize with there being trailing pumpkin without climing, first filial generation is all without climing.The present invention not only seed selection be without climing western pumpkin, and utilize high temperature resistant, that disease resistance is strong China squash as material, by different interspecific cross, the problem overcoming again current western pumpkin non-refractory, susceptible virus disease without climing western pumpkin of seed selection.Selecting both high-quality, disease resistance by force, is again without climing western pumpkin new varieties.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the seed selection spectrum schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the Breeding Process of the present embodiment is as follows:
Maternal seed selection:
1, spring in 2004, with the good China squash of disease resistance " without climing No. 4 pumpkins " (it is on sale that seedling trade Co., Ltd is contained in Shanghai hundred million) for maternal, preferably there is climing western pumpkin " Jin Li " (it is on sale that seedling trade Co., Ltd is contained in Shanghai hundred million) to hybridize for male parent with quality, obtain hybrid seed F1.
2, sow hybrid seed F1 and cultivate 2005 spring, in offspring, select the excellent individual plant selfing of Comprehensive Traits to reserve seed for planting according to without the breeding objective such as climing, high-quality, disease-resistant, high yield.
3, sow selfed seed to Second Year and cultivate spring, according to selecting without the breeding objective such as climing, disease-resistant, high-quality, high yield the excellent individual plant selfing of Comprehensive Traits to reserve seed for planting in offspring.
4, according to the method for step 3, more continuous selfing 2 generation, select by 2009 that proterties is stablized, disease-resistant, high-quality without climing western pumpkin inbred line 04-4-3-2-1.
Without climing strain 04-4-3-2-1 feature: plant grows thickly without climing, belong to mid-early maturity type.Plant strain growth gesture is strong, plant height about 67cm.Strain exhibition about 100cm, leaf look green, maximum leaf transverse diameter 32cm.Carpopodium circle, short and thick, melon is oblate, and melon face is smooth, green, aging melon mean fruit weight about 1.0kg, transverse diameter 18cm, high 10cm, thick about the 2.5cm of meat, and yellowish pink Huang, taste quality is good, and average individual plant ties about 3 old melons.This strain quality is better than " without climing No. 4 ", and disease resistance is stronger.
Male parent seed selection:
1, spring in 2002, the western pumpkin " Li Qing " (Wuhan nine-headed bird colza row is on sale) introduced with Korea S is for female parent material, hybridize as male parent with high temperature resistant, that viral diseases is the very strong individual plant found in China squash kind " beautiful " (Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City is on sale) cultivated in local farmers', obtain hybrid seed F1 '.
2, sow hybrid seed F1 ' and cultivate 2003 spring, in offspring, select the excellent individual plant selfing of Comprehensive Traits to reserve seed for planting according to breeding objectives such as high temperature resistant viral diseases, high-quality, commodity are good.
3, sow selfed seed to Second Year and cultivate spring, in its offspring, the individual plant selfing excellent according to breeding objective M8003 line Comprehensive Traits such as high antiviral disease, high-quality, precocities is reserved seed for planting.
4, according to the method for step 3, more continuous selfing 3 generation, select by 2008 that proterties is stablized, high antiviral sick, high-quality have climing western pumpkin inbred line 02-1-2-2-3-3.
Inbred strains 02-1-2-2-3-3 feature: for precocity, have climing western pumpkin type.Dark green leaf color, maximum leaf width 39cm.Plant strain growth gesture is strong.Fruit be high oblate, fruit type index 0.67, and fruit color depth is green, and after fruit maturation, areola is little, and carpopodium is short and thick, and pulp crocus, the thick 3cm of meat, single melon weighs about 1.1kg, and fruit neat and consistent, commodity rate is high.The good characteristic of this strain is that product are of fine quality, high temperature resistant, high antiviral is sick.
Preparation without climing western pumpkin hybrid combination:
Due to without climing climing for dominant to having, hybridize with there being trailing pumpkin without climing, first filial generation is all without climing.Therefore, spring in 2009, with stable be maternal without climing western pumpkin new lines 04-4-3-2-1, have climing western pumpkin new lines 02-1-2-2-3-3 to hybridize for male parent with stable, make high-quality, disease resistance strong, precocious, without climing crossbreed " auspicious green No. 3 "
The feature of " auspicious green No. 3 " is: this kind is precocious, and growth potential is vigorous, and plant height is about about 70cm, and plant carries out about 95cm, on average have 6-8 branch, leaf and is born in basal part of stem, about has 56-60 sheet leaf, dark green leaf color, maximum blade transverse diameter 33cm, vertical footpath 34cm.Curcumbitate is oblate, rounding, and melon skin is green, single fruit weight about 1.2kg, fruit type index 0.62, pulp orange colour, the thick 2.6-3cm of meat, and meat is tight, and opaque degree is high, and taste is sweet, and the kinds such as mouthfeel and product, bright and beautiful grain are similar, per plant 2-4, per mu yield about 3800kg.
2011 ~ 2012, carry out in the proving ground of Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute without climing western pumpkin and have climing western pumpkin comparative test, with local main breed " bright and beautiful grain " (CK1) and " product " (CK2) for contrast, result auspicious green No. 3 without the every 667m of climing western pumpkin average yield
2for 3837.5kg, than there being climing western pumpkin brocade grain to increase 88.2%, increase 78.7%(in table 1 than product).Because non-trailing pumpkin grown per area strain number ratio has trailing pumpkin to be multiplied, so per unit area yield obviously increases.
Table 1 non-trailing pumpkin with have trailing pumpkin Yield compari@
Within 2011 ~ 2012, western pumpkin field resistance investigation result is in table 2, and auspicious green No. 3 virus diseases and powdery mildew occur all comparatively light, and the incidence of disease, the disease index of virus disease and powdery mildew all obviously reduce (see table 2) than " east rises ", " product ".
Table 2 shows without the disease resistance of climing combination
Auspicious green No. 3 curcumbitates are oblate, rounding, and melon skin is green, and color and luster is consistent, and pulp orange colour, meat is thick, and commodity is good.Tasted by many people, all think that the taste quality of auspicious green No. 3 is close with product with bright and beautiful grain.
4. auspicious green No. 3 cultivation time it is to be noted that
Open country or greenhouse cultivation is suitable for, wide accommodation without auspicious green No. 3 of climing western pumpkin.Spring cultivation is advisable with late Febuary sowing, and autumn culture was advisable to August 5 with July 28.Seedling age controls at about 30 days, the wholeheartedly field planting of two leaves.Seeding row spacing 75 × 75cm, about mu plants 1100 strains.Select physical features higher, draining is good, subacidity sandy loam or light clay.The crop rotation of more than 3 years, crops for rotation are good with gramineous crop.Require the field that fertility is good, general every 667m2 executes decomposed manure about 3000kg, (N:P:K is than 15:15:15) composite fertilizer about 50kg, plays raised bed cultivate.Growing period strengthens rich water quality management, impels robust plant to grow.Want timely weeding, anti-to eliminate aphis, the harm of Americal rice leaf miner, melon snout moth's larva.Post flowering carries out artificial supplementary pollination, can improve output.
5, when carrying out hybridization breeding it is to be noted that
1. isolation hybridization seed farm and other pumpkin variety more than isolation distance 1500m.
2. begin sowing in good time generally in late Febuary sowing, utilize nutritive cube to be incubated nursery.Male parent is than maternal planting early enough 7-10 days.
3. field planting field planting first half of the month, choose production of hybrid seeds plot wholely, apply fertilizer, do furrow.Seedling age about 30 days, two leaves wholeheartedly time field planting, Parent planting proportion presses 1:5, every 667 ㎡ plant 1000 ± 50 strains.
4. impurity elimination is deflorated before hybridization pollination starts, and must carry out once thoroughly impurity elimination to father, female parent.In flowering stage, every other day the male flower on female parent is removed, prevent insect pollination.
5. pollination is pollinated noon before that day, select the maternal female flower that can bloom for second day and male parent male flower, corolla is clamped or pricks with bundle of lines corolla front end, pollinate during the next morning 7-9, male parent stamen pollen is fully smeared on maternal column cap, and then female flower is tied.
6. the extermination of disease and insect pest
General damage by disease and insect is few, mainly contains aphid, Liriomyza, powdery mildew, downy mildew.Pest control can with fast spirit, flolimat, dichlorvos, ward off aphid mist, latent worm dies, spy kills.Controlling disease can with thiophanate methyl, can kill, nitrile bacterium azoles, triazolone, mancozeb, aliette MnZn or metalaxyl-mn-zn etc.
7. gather in the crops
Plant melon within latter about 50 days, to gather in pollination, after-ripening about 10 days, cuts open after seed got by melon and washes at once, melon pulp and seed are separated.To dry in time after seed is washed, preserve.
Except above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (7)
1., without a climing western pumpkin selection, comprise the following steps:
Step one, by China squash " without climing No. 4 pumpkins " with there is climing western pumpkin " Jin Li " to hybridize, obtain hybrid seed F1;
Step 2, by described F1 sowing cultivation, in offspring with without climing, high-quality, disease-resistant, get bumper crops as breeding objective selects the excellent individual plant selfing of Comprehensive Traits to reserve seed for planting;
Step 3, repeat the selfing process 3 times of step 2, obtain proterties stablize, disease-resistant without climing western pumpkin inbred line 04-4-3-2-1, for subsequent use;
Step 4, high temperature resistant, the antiviral individual plant in western pumpkin " Li Qing " and China squash " beautiful " to be hybridized, obtain hybrid seed F1 ';
Step 5, by described F1 ' sowing cultivation, in offspring with high temperature resistant viral diseases, high-quality, commodity well for the individual plant selfing that breeding objective selection Comprehensive Traits is excellent is reserved seed for planting;
Step 6, repeat the selfing process 4 times of step 5, obtain that proterties is stablized, high antiviral sick, high-quality have climing western pumpkin inbred line 02-1-2-2-3-3;
Step 7, with without climing western pumpkin inbred line 04-4-3-2-1 for female parent, there to be climing western pumpkin inbred line 02-1-2-2-3-3 to hybridize for male parent, make without climing western pumpkin.
2. according to claim 1 without climing western pumpkin selection, it is characterized in that: in described step 7, hybrid seeding field and other pumpkin variety more than isolation distance 1500m.
3. according to claim 2 without climing western pumpkin selection, it is characterized in that: adopt feeding block seedlings raising during sowing, described male parent is than maternal planting early enough 7-10 days.
4., according to claim 3 without climing western pumpkin selection, it is characterized in that: field planting first half of the month, choose production of hybrid seeds plot wholely, apply fertilizer, do furrow, select seedling age 30 days ± 1 day, two leaves wholeheartedly time field planting, father, planting of maternal ratio press 1:5, every 667 ㎡ plant 1000 ± 50 strains.
5. according to claim 4 without climing western pumpkin selection, it is characterized in that: before hybridization pollination starts, once thoroughly impurity elimination is carried out to father, female parent, in flowering stage, every other day the male flower on female parent is removed.
6. according to claim 5 without climing western pumpkin selection, it is characterized in that: pollinate noon before that day, select the maternal female flower that can bloom for second day and male parent male flower, corolla is clamped or pricks with bundle of lines corolla front end, pollinate during the next morning 7-9, male parent stamen pollen is fully smeared on maternal column cap, and then female flower is tied.
7. according to claim 6 without climing western pumpkin selection, it is characterized in that: plant melon and within latter 50 days ± 2 days, gather in pollination, after-ripening 10 days ± 2 days, cuts open after seed got by melon and wash at once, melon pulp and seed are separated, dry in time after seed is washed, preserve.
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| CN104396733B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-08-24 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae short raw plant thin seed coat hybrid seed breeding method |
| CN105993497A (en) * | 2016-05-29 | 2016-10-12 | 寿光市永盛种子有限公司 | Rootstock-use pumpkin mesh room seed production method |
| CN106171961B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-06-15 | 安徽荃银高科瓜菜种子有限公司 | Selection and application without climing sweet this type pumpkin |
| CN106359077A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 吴计涛 | Cross breeding process of dwarf vineless Paiza gold loofah |
| AU2022239047B2 (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2024-03-21 | Sakata Seed Corporation | Novel squash plant and method for producing same |
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| CN1072812A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1993-06-09 | 山西农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | The method of cross-bred seeding for non-trailing pumpkin |
| CN1771790A (en) * | 2005-11-02 | 2006-05-17 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding method for western pumpkin hybrid |
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