CN104303731A - Zucchini breed hybrid seed production method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a zucchini breed hybrid seed production method. In the zucchini breed hybrid seed production method, through all-around improvement in various stages, namely preparing a seed farm and soil, determining a ratio of male parents to female parents, the sowing time and the sowing method, manually pollinating, managing after pollination and harvesting, the occupied area of the male parents is effectively reduced, the number of the male parents is increased (in an ordinary breeding method, the ratio of the male parents to the female parents is 1: 4 and the male parents occupy a larger area), the growth period is prolonged, the aging of plants is slowed, and a seed production yield of a zucchini breed is improved, up to 70-80kg per about 1/6 acre; produced hybrid seeds are good in plumpness and shiny in seed skin and have the seed purity of over 99%. Therefore, the zucchini breed hybrid seed production method is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Description

A kind of pumpkin variety cross-breeding method

Technical field

The invention belongs to cross-breeding technology field, particularly relate to a kind of pumpkin variety cross-breeding method.

Background technology

Custard squash (Classification system: Cucurbita pepo L.), another name american pumpkin, belongs to Curcurbitaceae Cucurbita custard squash kind, is one of main gourd vegetables of consuming of our people.Bumpkin hybrid is with the obvious advantage, assorted generation kind is all significantly improved at output, resistance, commodity etc., the kind applied in production is all first-filial generation seed, its strong adaptability, cultivated area is large, so sowing quantity is also larger, and its cross-breeding method is directly connected to output and the quality of crossbreed, different kinds is due to its Parent difference, and its feature is also different, and the method obtaining high yield is also different.The general per mu yield of current cross-bred seeding for summer squash is at about 50kg.

East calabash No. 8 is the first-filial generation custard squash new varieties of the up-to-date cultivation in Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Female parent is by France's early green first-filial generation, the inbred line of seed selection of isozygotying through inbreeding of more generation, code name A-82.Growth potential is prosperous, blade lacks and splits obviously, and prematurity is strong, and 5th ~ 6 save and give birth to first female flower, and female flower is close, almost successively has female flower, the long tubular of fruit, melon look shallow leukorrhea decorative pattern, and young melon glossiness is good, and pulp is fine and smooth, high antiviral disease.Male parent is separated by the U.S. 4094 filial generation, and internode is obvious, and young melon is emerald green, the nearly casting skin of old melon, long rod type, middle viral diseases, code name 628-1.East calabash No. 8 pumpkin varieties have following characteristics characteristic: precocious, about need 45 days from being seeded into the tender melon of about 250 grams of gathering.Plant type is upright, and degree of development is large.Blade five pull is incised, and dark green leaf color above has a small amount of white dot.First female flower joint position 6 ~ 7 is saved, and female flower is many, and fruit setting ratio is high, and commodity curcumbitate length is excellent, color of the leather is emerald green, gloss is beautiful.High antiviral is sick, has showed good resistance and commodity, be subject to the consistent favorable comment at plantation family, various places, meet the demand of consumer to pumpkin variety commodity, have the very strong market competitiveness in Shanxi Province's production test and demonstration.Within 2013, examine the committee by Shanxi Province's farming article to assert, (recognizing) dish 2013004 is examined in Shanxi.

Because existing producing method for seed Parent ratio is improper, flowering asynchronism, yield poorly, the problem of plumpness difference,

Calabash No. 8 is also unsuitable for spread in east.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pumpkin variety cross-breeding method, be intended to solve that existing producing method for seed Parent ratio is improper, flowering asynchronism, yield poorly, the problem of plumpness difference.

The present invention is achieved in that a kind of pumpkin variety cross-breeding method, comprises the following steps:

(1) seed farm and whole is determined

(2) Parent ratio and sowing time and method is determined

East calabash No. 8 male parents and female parent are by 1: (12 ~ 15) sown, sowing depth 2 ± 1cm, 1 ~ 2, every cave, cover wet fine earth compacting with broadcasting; Male parent date of seeding, concentrate sowing in the edge of a field or the plantation of ground central authorities, spacing in the rows 20 ± 2cm, broadcast rear button Small plastic shed, and young fruit manifests rear timely removing at early and middle ten days in April; Maternal date of seeding, before and after mid or late April, adopts open country plastic mulching live, and dry seed rupture of membranes sowing, spacing in the rows 40 ~ 45cm, planting density is with 1800 ~ 2000 strains/667m ²;

(3) artificial pollination

Impurity elimination is carried out in conjunction with field management before pollination starts; Select maternal upper 2nd, 3 joint position female flowers pollinations, select every afternoon petal to loosen yellowing, the female flower bud of opening in the 2nd day puts on previous ready paper cap, the paper cap folded is identical with female flower;

Pinch petal in lower male parent and loosen yellowing and the male flower bud of opening in the 2nd day the dusk every afternoon time-division, stood up by the male flower flower bud pinched and give birth to and bring up in the basin filling shallow water;

Pollination time is selected to carry out when blooming the same day morning 5 ~ 10, before pollination every morning, check maternal field, remove the male flower flower bud of perforated, open male flower and leak the female flower overlapped, remove out the maternal female paper cap taken during pollination, tear the male parent male flower of collection off corolla and expose stamen, pollen is spread upon equably on maternal column cap, again paper cap sleeve is lived, and marking on melon;

(4) pollination terminate after management:

Pollination terminates to pull out male parent in time afterwards, removes the fruit of mark that female parent do not pollinate, flower bud in time, pinches, and the non-hybridization melon that maternal plant occurs and the hybridization melon that has individually " reversion " phenomenon or profile and maternal melon standard proterties to differ greatly is extractd; Kind of fruit can be topdressed, waters after being occupied stably, and promotes that kind of a fruit is fully expanded, regularly carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest;

(5) gathered after 50th ~ 60 days of pollination end.

Preferably, in step (1), describedly determine seed farm and whole comprise following concrete steps:

Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, physical features is smooth, water penetration is strong and without saline and alkaline or few saline and alkaline husky territory, around more than 2000m distance does not have other pumpkin variety;

667m ²execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 ~ 30kg, potassium nitrate 15kg, build furrow after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, the wide 1.6m in the non-irrigated pool, the wide 0.4m of pool mouth, furrow face is that fish is carinate;

Preferably, in step (3), described impurity elimination comprises following concrete steps:

Conscientiously check by strain, according to the shape of eastern calabash No. 8 maternal melons, color, blade shape and plant strain growth gesture, hybrid strain, different strain are thoroughly removed, the female flower in the male flower on female parent, the 1st female flower and male parent is all extractd simultaneously.

Preferably, in step (4), described in topdress, watering specifically comprises the following steps: impose urea 20 ~ 25kg/667m ², diammonium phosphate 20kg/667m ², water after topdressing.

Preferably, in step (4), the described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises following concrete steps:

Anti-eliminate aphis available 50% Aphox wetting powder 500 times of liquid or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and equivalent 80% DDT EC mixed diluting to 1200 ~ 1500 times liquid are sprayed and are prevented and treated;

Powdery mildew can be prevented and treated with 15% triadimefon wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid or the 600 times of liquid sprayings of 65% Jiameiling wetting powder.

Preferably, in step (5), described in gather and comprise following concrete steps:

Fruit start variable color ripe time, carry out last roguing work according to varietal characteristic, reject maternal field and be not inconsistent the kind of hybrid strain, rotten melon etc. and Marks Illegible really with varietal characteristic;

Kind of fruit is concentrated after gathering and stacks after-ripening 15 ~ 20d, when seed melon pulp is separated, then cuts open melon and gets seed, eluriate, from native airing, avoid wet seed to stack and spend the night and stack in ironware after seed takes out with clear water;

After the abundant drying of seed, rub the film going to surface with the hands, clean rear pack warehouse-in, in units of family, seed is fully mixed sampling, field test hybrid rate, wherein, hybrid rate=total strain number × 100% of true crossbreed strain number/sample.

Compared to the shortcoming and defect of prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the invention provides a kind of pumpkin variety cross-breeding method, by at seed farm and whole, determine Parent ratio and sowing time and method, artificial pollination, management after pollination terminates and each stage of gathering carry out omnibearing improvement, decrease male parent floor space, increase maternal strain number (general producing method for seed Parent ratio 1:4, male parent is taken up an area many), extend growth period, slow down plant senesecence, improve the hybrid seed yield of pumpkin variety, general per mu yield can reach 70 ~ 80kg, the crossbreed plumpness produced is good, seed coat light, seed purity reaches more than 99%, efficiently solve the Parent ratio existed in prior art improper, flowering asynchronism, yield poorly, the problems such as plumpness difference, be suitable for spread.

Embodiment

In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, manages, seed collection etc. after determining the planting proportion of seed farm, Parent, date of seeding, density, seeding method, artificial pollination method, pollination, and the method comprises the following steps:

Step one, determine seed farm and whole

Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, physical features is smooth, water penetration is strong and without saline and alkaline or few saline and alkaline husky territory, the isolation distance between different cultivars must at more than 2000m.

667m ²execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 ~ 30kg, potassium nitrate 15kg, build furrow after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, the wide 1.6m in the non-irrigated pool, the wide 0.4m of pool mouth, furrow face is that fish is carinate.

Step 2, determine Parent ratio and sowing time and method

East calabash No. 8 male parent male flowers are more, Parent in proportion 1: (12 ~ 15), male parent than maternal early sowing 10 ~ 15d, to ensure sufficient male flower and flower synchronization.

Male parent date of seeding, is at early and middle ten days in April.For convenience of pollen collection, male parent concentrates on the edge of a field or the plantation of ground central authorities, general about spacing in the rows 20cm.Broadcast rear button Small plastic shed, male parent adopts high temperature management on the one hand, promotes differentiation male flower.Meet microthermal climate seedling stage on the other hand, male parent can be impelled to grow fast.East calabash No. 8 male parents are curcumbitate is long bar-shaped, and can distinguish from melon tire, young fruit manifests rear timely removing, avoids affecting male flower development and growth.

East calabash No. 8 female parents 5th ~ 6 save give birth to first female flower, and female flower is close, adopt open country plastic mulching live, female parent date of seeding is before and after mid or late April.Dry seed rupture of membranes sowing, 2 row are planted on every ridge, and in " fourth " font, spacing in the rows 40 ~ 45cm, planting density is with 1800 ~ 2000 strains/667m ²be advisable.General about sowing depth 2cm, 1 ~ 2, every cave, covers wet fine earth compacting with broadcasting, in case band shell top soil.

Step 3, artificial pollination

Strict impurity elimination is carried out in conjunction with field management before pollination starts, conscientiously check by strain, according to the shape of eastern calabash No. 8 maternal melons, color, blade shape and plant strain growth gesture etc., hybrid strain, different strain will thoroughly be removed, female flower in male flower on female parent, the 1st female flower and male parent is all extractd, to guarantee quality and the purity of maternal 2nd, the 3rd female flower and paternal pollen simultaneously.

Bagging: select maternal upper 2nd, 3 joint position female flower pollinations.Select every afternoon petal to loosen yellowing, the female flower bud of opening in the 2nd day puts on previous ready paper cap.The paper cap folded must coincide with female flower, can not be too loose, in order to avoid paper cap comes off during blowing and raining.

Paternal pollen gathers: select every afternoon petal in male parent to loosen yellowing, the male flower bud of opening in the 2nd day, at dusk the time-division, pinches from paternal plant the male flower will opened for second day, and anthocaulus stays length a bit as far as possible.Tied by the male flower flower bud rubber band pinched, take home, stand up and give birth to and bring up in the basin filling shallow water, pollination in standby second day is used.

Pollination and mark: custard squash is bloomed general 5:00 ~ 6:00 in the morning, and Post flowering can be pollinated, and pollination time should be selected to carry out when blooming the same day morning 5 ~ 10.Before pollination every morning, first check maternal field, remove the hero flower bud of perforated, open male flower and leak the female flower overlapped.Remove out the maternal female paper cap taken during pollination, tear the male parent male flower that the same day gathers off corolla and expose stamen, pollen is spread upon equably on maternal column cap, then paper cap sleeve is lived, and mark at light engraving "+" word on melon.Generally every male flower can award 2 ~ 3 female flowers, every strain is stayed 1 ~ 2 kind melon, and pollination period generally continues 15 ~ 20d.Pollination period finds that malformed fruit should be extractd, early in order to avoid affect seed production.

Management after step 4, pollination terminate

General every strain retains 1 ~ 2 pollination fruit.Male parent should be pulled out in time after pollination terminates, timely removing female parent is not pollinated mark fruit, flower bud, pinch, the non-hybridization melon that maternal plant occurs and the hybridization melon that has individually " reversion " phenomenon or profile and maternal melon standard proterties to differ greatly are extractd, ensures the purity of crossbreed to greatest extent.

Kind of fruit can be topdressed, waters after being occupied stably, and promotes that kind of a fruit is fully expanded, and notes anti-aphid and powdery mildew.Generally impose urea 20-25kg/667m ², diammonium phosphate 20kg/667m ², water after topdressing.The extermination of disease and insect pest: custard squash seed farm main diseases and insect pests has aphid, powdery mildew etc., anti-eliminate aphis available 50% Aphox wetting powder 500 times of liquid or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and equivalent 80% DDT EC mixed diluting to 1200 ~ 1500 times liquid are sprayed and are prevented and treated; Powdery mildew can be prevented and treated with 15% triadimefon wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid or the 600 times of liquid sprayings of 65% Jiameiling wetting powder.

Step 5, to gather

General pollination terminates latter 50 ~ 60 days, can gather.Fruit start variable color ripe time, carry out last roguing work according to varietal characteristic, reject maternal field and be not inconsistent the kind of hybrid strain, rotten melon etc. and Marks Illegible really with varietal characteristic.Kind of fruit is concentrated after gathering and stacks after-ripening 15 ~ 20d, when seed melon pulp is separated, then cuts open melon and gets seed, eluriate with clear water after seed takes out, from native airing, wet seed is not stackable to spend the night, notice that wet seed can not be stacked in ironware, to avoid the commodity that brown stain affects seed.After the abundant drying of seed, rub the film going to surface with the hands, clean rear pack warehouse-in, in units of family, seed is fully mixed sampling, field test hybrid rate (hybrid rate=total strain number × 100% of true crossbreed strain number/sample).

The method provided is provided, decrease male parent floor space, increase maternal strain number (general producing method for seed Parent ratio 1:4, male parent is taken up an area many), extend growth period, slow down plant senesecence, improve the hybrid seed yield of pumpkin variety, general per mu yield can reach 70 ~ 80kg, and the crossbreed plumpness produced is good, seed coat light, seed purity reaches more than 99%.

The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a pumpkin variety cross-breeding method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) seed farm and whole is determined

(2) Parent ratio and sowing time and method is determined

East calabash No. 8 male parents and female parent are by 1: (12 ~ 15) sown, sowing depth 2 ± 1cm, 1 ~ 2, every cave, cover wet fine earth compacting with broadcasting; Male parent date of seeding, concentrate sowing in the edge of a field or the plantation of ground central authorities, spacing in the rows 20 ± 2cm, broadcast rear button Small plastic shed, and young fruit manifests rear timely removing at early and middle ten days in April; Maternal date of seeding, before and after mid or late April, adopts open country plastic mulching live, and dry seed rupture of membranes sowing, spacing in the rows 40 ~ 45cm, planting density is with 1800 ~ 2000 strains/667m ²;

(3) artificial pollination

Impurity elimination is carried out in conjunction with field management before pollination starts; Select maternal upper 2nd, 3 joint position female flowers pollinations, select every afternoon petal to loosen yellowing, the female flower bud of opening in the 2nd day puts on previous ready paper cap, the paper cap folded is identical with female flower;

Pinch petal in lower male parent and loosen yellowing and the male flower bud of opening in the 2nd day the dusk every afternoon time-division, stood up by the male flower flower bud pinched and give birth to and bring up in the basin filling shallow water;

Pollination time is selected to carry out when blooming the same day morning 5 ~ 10, before pollination every morning, check maternal field, remove the male flower flower bud of perforated, open male flower and leak the female flower overlapped, remove out the maternal female paper cap taken during pollination, tear the male parent male flower of collection off corolla and expose stamen, pollen is spread upon equably on maternal column cap, again paper cap sleeve is lived, and marking on melon;

(4) pollination terminate after management:

Pollination terminates to pull out male parent in time afterwards, removes the fruit of mark that female parent do not pollinate, flower bud in time, pinches, and the non-hybridization melon that maternal plant occurs and the hybridization melon that has individually " reversion " phenomenon or profile and maternal melon standard proterties to differ greatly is extractd; Kind of fruit can be topdressed, waters after being occupied stably, and promotes that kind of a fruit is fully expanded, regularly carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest;

(5) gathered after 50th ~ 60 days of pollination end.

2. pumpkin variety cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), describedly determines seed farm and whole comprises following concrete steps:

Selection irrigation and drainage are convenient, physical features is smooth, water penetration is strong and without saline and alkaline or few saline and alkaline husky territory, around more than 2000m distance is planted without other kinds of custard squash;

667m ²execute high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 ~ 30kg, potassium nitrate 15kg, build furrow after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields, the wide 1.6m in the non-irrigated pool, the wide 0.4m of pool mouth, furrow face is that fish is carinate.

3. pumpkin variety cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step (3), described impurity elimination comprises following concrete steps:

Conscientiously check by strain, according to the shape of eastern calabash No. 8 maternal melons, color, blade shape and plant strain growth gesture, hybrid strain, different strain are thoroughly removed, the female flower in the male flower on female parent, the 1st female flower and male parent is all extractd simultaneously.

4. pumpkin variety cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, in step (4), described in topdress, watering specifically comprises the following steps: impose urea 20 ~ 25kg/667m ², diammonium phosphate 20kg/667m ², water after topdressing.

5. pumpkin variety cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in step (4), the described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises following concrete steps:

Anti-eliminate aphis available 50% Aphox wetting powder 500 times of liquid or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and equivalent 80% DDT EC mixed diluting to 1200 ~ 1500 times liquid are sprayed and are prevented and treated;

Powdery mildew can be prevented and treated with 15% triadimefon wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid or the 600 times of liquid sprayings of 65% Jiameiling wetting powder.

6. pumpkin variety cross-breeding method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, in step (5), described in gather and comprise following concrete steps:

Fruit start variable color ripe time, carry out last roguing work according to varietal characteristic, reject maternal field and be not inconsistent the kind of hybrid strain, rotten melon etc. and Marks Illegible really with varietal characteristic;

Kind of fruit is concentrated after gathering and stacks after-ripening 15 ~ 20d, when seed melon pulp is separated, then cuts open melon and gets seed, eluriate, from native airing, avoid wet seed to stack and spend the night and stack in ironware after seed takes out with clear water;

After the abundant drying of seed, rub the film going to surface with the hands, clean rear pack warehouse-in, in units of family, seed is fully mixed sampling, field test hybrid rate, wherein, hybrid rate=total strain number × 100% of true crossbreed strain number/sample.