CN104885909A - High-yield hybrid tomato seed production method - Google Patents

Abstract

A high-yield hybrid tomato seed production method relates to the technical field of hybrid seed production. The technical scheme of the method is as follows: firstly arranging maternal plants, removing all blooming flowers on the maternal plants, arranging branches at the same time and removing all branches and twigs thin and weak in interior and poor in growth below gate peppers; selecting the second to fourth layers of buds, which are about to bloom in the next day, and performing emasculation after 5 PM in the same day; collecting and drying ripe and uncracked anthers in a drier for standby of pollination in the morning of the day before pollination or during a time period ranging from 7 AM to 10 AM in the same day, generally, during an appropriate time period ranging from 7 AM to 10 AM, using a writing brush or rubber head to dip pollen and gently coating the pollen on the stigmas subjected to emasculation; picking fully ripe fruits after 50-70 days of pollination. The high-yield hybrid tomato seed production method improves the purity and yield of tomato seed production and the degree of fullness of seeds.

Description

The high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of a kind of tomato

Technical field

The present invention relates to cross-breeding technology field, be specifically related to the high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of a kind of tomato.

Background technology

The current tomato production of hybrid seeds takes the main method using the pollination of emasculation limit, limit in choosing, and this kind of method is just adopted by general, mainly conveniently saves time, but defect is obvious, is mainly reflected in choosing and spends bad assurance, select Hua Tai great powder delivery, seed production purity reduces, and choosing is spent too small, and greenhouse is grown bad, particularly column cap, Pollination Fertilization weak effect, is difficult to sit fruit, even if sit fruit, often seed amount is few, and output is very low.Traditional tomato pollinating method has made the production of hybrid seeds of tomato be restricted.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of a kind of tomato, it have chosen second day flower that will open, choosing is spent moderate, and flower column cap growing through a night, the next morning maturity higher, more easily pollination fully, is more conducive to the fertilization of pollen, improve percentage of fertile fruit, successful.

In order to solve problem existing in background technology, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:

The arrangement of maternal plant: first arrange maternal plant, openly spends whole excision by all on plant, prunes simultaneously, extract all branches of below door green pepper and inside thin and weak, hypogenetic branch;

Maternal emasculation: from 2 to 4 layers of the flowers are in blossom bud that beginning selection will bloom for second day, emasculation after that afternoon 5;

Male parent adopts powder: when pollination afternoon before that day or that morning 7 to 10, gathers ripe uncracked flower pesticide in drier inner drying, in order to the use of pollination;

Artificial pollination: be generally advisable in the morning 7 to 10, available writing brush or rubber tip are stained with pollen, are applied on the column cap of emasculation gently;

Fruit harvesting and seed collecting: can gather when within 50 to 70 days after being pollinated, fruit is fully ripe greatly.

Compared with the conventional method, beneficial effect following points of the present invention:

1, choosing is spent easily, selects flower need not be excessive, does not worry that stamen powder delivery affects purity, improves seed production purity.

2, improve output, the easier Pollination Fertilization of column cap, setting is easy, improves output.

3, improve bud rate, fully, seed plumpness improves, and improves bud rate in fertilization.

Embodiment

The present invention is mainly for choosing flower pollination link, and main hybrid seeding detailed process is as follows:

1, strictly isolate: although tomato is Cross Pollinated, and the possibility that pollen is propagated with wind-force is little, and tomato is attract insect very, easily causes biology hybrid, affects seed quality.Therefore, tomato seed farm and other tomato variety isolation distances require more than 500 meters.

2, proper seeding: the optimum temperature that tomato pollen is sprouted is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, therefore of the right age rice shoot should be cultivated by regulating sowing time and control temperature.For making parent can reach full-bloom stage in hybridization optimum period, can adopt propagating seeding in cold frame, precocious and medium variety was sowed 11 the first tenday period of a month, and late variety was sowed last ten-days period mid-October, makes them in 5 months, the last ten-days period can bloom well and pollinate smoothly;

3, seedbed management and field planting.Parent is upper December, heel in nutritive cube the middle ten days, and late Febuary is cultivated in a point seedbed.Observe male parent growing state, require that male parent is bloomed early than female parent.As male parent growth is partially slow, then should improve bed temperature, method reduces ventilation number and time, or male parent claimed to strengthen management in plastic greenhouse, to promote to grow.If with electric seed bed heater, then can suitable temperature control, reach desirable seedling age.Planting time generally should after the late frost phase, and temperature gos up stable, otherwise easily meets with freeze injury.Carry out when calibration should select fine day, soil more dry, after field planting, water sufficient root water at once.Plantation density and kind closely related, maternal planting distance should be rare, generally adopts wide-and narrow-row, wide every trade apart from 75 ~ 80 centimetres, narrow row 40 ~ 45 centimetres, spacing in the rows 35 ~ 40 centimetres.The planting proportion of Parent is generally 1:3;

4, field management

4.1 topdress: tomato is topdressed and will carry out according to the feature in different bearing stage.First will use sufficient base manure, generally with barnyard manure as well, and per hectare 60000 ~ 75000 kilograms, or execute 3000 kilograms, the cake fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed.The second, gently execute seed manure before blooming, generally in field planting after 7 ~ 10 days, can impose the steady seedling of muck, fertilizer solution concentration is low, as well rare with one one-tenth.3rd.Fertilizers for potted flowers is surely executed to promote plant branch, bloom, to bear fruit before pollination.Per hectare can apply two one-tenth rare domestic animals manures 7500 kilograms, separately adds N, P, K composite fertilizer 150 kilograms.4th wants heavy dressing fruit fertile in ensure that fruit fully expands and the needs of seed development, and general per hectare sealing fertilizer 375 kilograms, enriches each 150 kilograms of phosphorus, potash fertilizer;

4.2 pour water: early stage does not often irrigate, and avoids ground temperature low, the normal growth of impact seedling in early stage.Later stage is in hot-dry season, should pour water at night in time.Tomato happiness water is afraid of flood, therefore will note anxious filling and row, pour water and do not cover furrow face, can suitably topdress after pouring water;

The control of 4.3 damage by disease and insect: the common damage by disease and insect of the tomato production of hybrid seeds has shot hole, virus disease, epidemic disease, anthracnose etc., and insect has oriental tobacco budworm, prodenia litura, cotton bollworm etc., and the same conventional cultivation of prevention and controls, Drug level can be slightly high.

4.4 roguing: pull out hybrid strain, weak plant be tomato pollination start before primary work.Follow and mistake would rather pull out, can not leak the principle of pulling out, thoroughly pull out impure strain, variant, diseased plant is to guarantee parents' purity.Otherwise being mixed into of 1 strain hybrid strain can cause irremediable loss;

5, producing Crossbred

The arrangement of 5.1 maternal plants: before producing Crossbred, must arrange maternal plant, openly spends whole excision, prune all on plant simultaneously, extract all branches of below door green pepper and inside thin and weak, hypogenetic branch;

5.2 maternal emasculations: maternal plant just starts hybridization when tiller length is prosperous.Preferably from 2 ~ 4 layers of the flowers are in blossom bud that beginning selection will bloom for second day, emasculation after that afternoon 5, pushes petal aside gently with tip tweezers.Folder removes six stamens, must guard against injury column cap and ovary.Also can adopt and stay half hat, without the method for corolla, emasculation speed is fast, and fruiting rate is also higher;

5.3 male parents adopt powder: when pollination afternoon before that day or that morning 7 ~ 10, gather ripe uncracked flower pesticide in drier inner drying, in order to the use of pollination;

5.4 artificial pollinations: be generally advisable the morning 7 ~ 10 time, available writing brush or rubber tip are stained with pollen, are applied to gently on the column cap of emasculation.As the rainy day, pollinate again after rain 1 time.For preventing false allocarpy, anthocaulus base portion blade tip can be removed during hybridization, on carpopodium, fastening a colo(u)r streak after bearing fruit make marks, generally with every strain pollination 15 ~ 20 flowers, be advisable for about 10 as a result.Plant tiller is large, strong also can the staying of bearing capacity more;

6, fruit harvesting and seed collecting.Can gather when within 50 ~ 70 days after pollinating, fruit is fully ripe greatly, before gathering, hybrid strain should be pulled out again; Note when gathering seeing mark, markd fruit of can only gathering, and will mechanical admixture be strictly on guard against.The seed taken out should carry out drying process immediately, otherwise meeting grizzle, black, tarnish, affect seed presentation quality.

Claims (1)

1. a high-yield hybrid producing method for seed for tomato, its technical scheme is as follows:

The arrangement of maternal plant: first arrange maternal plant, openly spends whole excision by all on plant, prunes simultaneously, extract all branches of below door green pepper and inside thin and weak, hypogenetic branch;

Maternal emasculation: from 2 to 4 layers of the flowers are in blossom bud that beginning selection will bloom for second day, emasculation after that afternoon 5;

Male parent adopts powder: when pollination afternoon before that day or that morning 7 to 10, gathers ripe uncracked flower pesticide in drier inner drying, in order to the use of pollination;

Artificial pollination: be generally advisable in the morning 7 to 10, available writing brush or rubber tip are stained with pollen, are applied on the column cap of emasculation gently;

Fruit harvesting and seed collecting: can gather when within 50 to 70 days after being pollinated, fruit is fully ripe greatly.