CN113080052A - Crossbreeding method of new tea tree variety - Google Patents
Crossbreeding method of new tea tree variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN113080052A CN113080052A CN202110348487.2A CN202110348487A CN113080052A CN 113080052 A CN113080052 A CN 113080052A CN 202110348487 A CN202110348487 A CN 202110348487A CN 113080052 A CN113080052 A CN 113080052A
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- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001365752 Castanopsis sclerophylla Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282836 Camelus dromedarius Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196881 Castanopsis Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001314298 Verbascum sinuatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cross breeding method of a new tea tree variety, which comprises the following steps: 1) parent selection; 2) collecting pollen; 3) artificial pollination; 4) picking seeds; 5) breeding seeds; 6) planting; 7) and (4) screening excellent individual plants. The invention belongs to the field of tea tree crossbreeding, and particularly provides a crossbreeding method for a new variety of tea trees, which uses a castanopsis keemun leaf species as a female parent (male parent) and uses a phoenix Daye tea as a male parent (female parent), carries out artificial crossbreeding, and breeds the new variety of tea trees through hybridization, single plant selection, asexual propagation, line comparison and regional test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tea tree cross breeding, and particularly relates to a cross breeding method of a new tea tree variety.
Background
The breeding and popularization of the improved variety of the tea trees is an economic and effective technical measure for improving the yield of the tea leaves and improving the quality of the tea leaves. The crossbreeding is the main way of cultivating new variety of tea tree, and the sexual crossbreeding utilizes the principle of gene recombination and heterosis to cultivate comprehensive excellent character with parent, and the first generation of hybrid exceeds the parents in growth potential, vitality, fertility, stress resistance, yield and quality. The artificial crossbreeding is to select parents according to the needs of breeding targets, and breed varieties by taking local germplasm resources as the parents, so the artificial crossbreeding has the characteristics of strong adaptability and easy popularization; because of the influence of female parent cytoplasm inheritance, the offspring characters tend to the female parent, in order to utilize the effective characters controlled by cytoplasm genes, local varieties with more excellent characters are used as the female parent, and varieties with different ecotopes, different regional sources and different genetic relations are simultaneously selected as the male parent, so that the genetic basic difference of the parents is large, and the filial generation is easy to breed a new variety which surpasses the parents and has stronger adaptability.
The Fengqing big leaf tea is originally produced in Fengqing county in Yunnan province, has tall and big plants, open or half-open tree postures, obvious trunk, thinner branches, horizontal or oblique leaves, oval leaves, green leaves, rich luster, slightly inward-folded leaf bodies, raised leaf surfaces, wavy leaf edges, thin and light leaf teeth and thick and soft leaf quality. The bud leaves are fat and strong, green, have more fuzz, strong fertility and strong tenderness, the spring tea is mined in the middle 3 months, the three-leaf one bud is full in the late 3 months or the early 4 months, the yield is high, the firmness is strong, but the prepared green tea has the defects of low fragrance and weak cold resistance; the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf seeds are national-grade tea plant fine varieties in Huangshan regions, the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf seed young-shoot plants are shrunken, the branch density is medium, the leaf shape is oval or oblong, the leaf quality is soft, winter buds sprout in 3 months and middle ten days, the sprouts are neat, the bud heads are dense, the adaptability and the stress resistance are strong, the low temperature resistance is high, and the fragrance of green tea is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a method for breeding a new tea tree variety by artificial hybridization with a castanopsis keemun leaf as a female parent and a phoenix big leaf tea as a male parent, and through hybridization, single plant selection, asexual propagation, variety comparison and regional test, the new tea tree variety inherits the excellent characteristics of female parent botany, improves the cold resistance of the tea tree, and has the advantages of strong tenderness, obvious three-dimensional germination, strong growth, strong stress resistance and strong fructification.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cross breeding method of a new tea tree variety comprises the following steps:
1) parent selection: performing field artificial hybridization by taking the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf seeds as female parent and the phoenix Daye tea as male parent, wherein the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent are similar, and the hybridization time is from 10 late months to 11 middle and late months of the full flowering phase;
2) pollen collection: picking up the soft buds of the tea plant of the male parent in the white-exposed period, putting the buds into a drying container for after-ripening, dipping pollen by a brush in the morning of the next day, removing impurities, and collecting the pollen into a small wide-mouth bottle for later use, so that the purity of the pollen can be ensured, and the pollination activity of the pollen can be increased;
3) artificial pollination: isolating the female parent by using gauze or polyvinyl chloride film bags 24 hours before flowering, emasculating when flowers of the female parent are about to bloom, dipping pollen of the male parent in the wide-mouth bottle in the step 2) on the stigma after emasculation, hanging a hangtag for marking after the success of pollination of the stigma is ensured, writing the names of the male parent and the female parent and the pollination date so as to be examined, removing the bags on the female parent after 7-10 days of pollination, and facilitating the normal development of the fertilized ovary under natural conditions;
4) picking seeds: before and after frost in the next year, picking seeds, testing the seeds and storing when the green brown of most of the tea fruits is observed;
5) seed breeding: removing weeds and stone impurities, deeply ploughing, applying farmyard manure at a ratio of 700 kg/mu before ploughing for the second time, ploughing and preparing soil, arranging seedling beds at a large row spacing of 1.5m and a bed length of 10m, performing single-seed sowing on the seeds picked in the step 4) in a nursery in the same year, covering the seedlings with a plastic film, and performing cuttage propagation for 3 times in 4-6 years to obtain clonal seedlings of 210 ears in a cuttage manner;
6) planting: planting the clone seedling in a female parent garden, planting the clone seedling in a single double-row plant of 200cm multiplied by 30cm, wherein the planting area is 10m2Planting 30 plants, positioning the code name of the plant according to the line number of the arrangement area by 1-12, watering, planting and pruning after planting to ensure that the tea seedlings survive;
7) screening of excellent individual plants: arranging the tea seedlings in a variety comparison test garden, designing the tea seedlings in a random block mode, repeating the tea seedlings for four times, recording the growth vigor, the phenological period, the cold resistance, the disease and insect resistance and the branch number of the seedling stage according to observation, and primarily selecting the tea seedlings to obtain a cross breeding target.
Further, the time of the artificial pollination in the step 3) is 8-10 am in a windless sunny day.
Further, the hairbrush in the step 2) is a camel hair brush, so that the brush is soft and is not easy to damage the column head.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the cross breeding method of the new tea tree variety is simple, and the new tea tree variety obtained by cross breeding has high growth speed and strong adaptability; through regional tests, the green tea has the advantages of strong cold resistance, strong drought resistance, barren resistance, waterlogging resistance, disease and pest resistance and the like, has obvious ecological benefit and has rich green tea aroma.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A cross breeding method of a new tea tree variety comprises the following steps:
1) parent selection: performing field artificial hybridization by taking the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf seeds as female parent and the phoenix Daye tea as male parent, wherein the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent are similar, and the hybridization time is from 10 late months to 11 middle and late months of the full flowering phase;
2) pollen collection: picking up the soft buds of the tea plant of the male parent in the white-exposed period, putting the buds into a drying container for after-ripening, dipping pollen by a brush in the morning of the next day, removing impurities, and collecting the pollen into a small wide-mouth bottle for later use, so that the purity of the pollen can be ensured, and the pollination activity of the pollen can be increased;
3) artificial pollination: isolating the female parent by using gauze or polyvinyl chloride film bags 24 hours before flowering, emasculating when flowers of the female parent are about to bloom, dipping pollen of the male parent in the wide-mouth bottle in the step 2) on the stigma after emasculation, hanging a hangtag for marking after the success of pollination of the stigma is ensured, writing the names of the male parent and the female parent and the pollination date so as to facilitate examination, pollinating for 7-10 days, removing the bags on the female parent and facilitating the normal development of the fertilized ovary under natural conditions;
4) picking seeds: before and after frost in the next year, picking seeds, testing the seeds and storing when the green brown of most of the tea fruits is observed;
5) seed breeding: removing weeds and stone impurities, deeply ploughing, applying farmyard manure at a ratio of 700 kg/mu before ploughing for the second time, ploughing and preparing soil, arranging seedling beds at a large row spacing of 1.5m and a bed length of 10m, performing single-seed sowing on the seeds picked in the step 4) in a nursery in the same year, covering the seedlings with a plastic film, and performing cuttage propagation for 3 times in 4-6 years to obtain clonal seedlings of 210 ears in a cuttage manner;
6) planting: planting the clone seedling in a female parent garden, planting the clone seedling in a single double-row plant of 200cm multiplied by 30cm, wherein the planting area is 10m2Planting 30 plants, positioning the code name of the plant according to the line number of the arrangement area by 1-12, watering, planting and pruning after planting to ensure that the tea seedlings survive;
7) screening of excellent individual plants: arranging the tea seedlings in a variety comparison test garden, designing the tea seedlings in a random block mode, repeating the tea seedlings for four times, recording the growth vigor, the phenological period, the cold resistance, the disease and insect resistance and the branch number of the seedling stage according to observation, and initially selecting the tea seedlings to obtain a cross breeding target.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A cross breeding method of a new tea tree variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) parent selection: performing field artificial hybridization by taking the castanopsis sclerophylla leaf seeds as female parent and the phoenix Daye tea as male parent, wherein the hybridization time is from 10 late months to 11 middle and late months of the full-bloom period;
2) pollen collection: collecting the soft buds of the tea plant of the male parent in the white period, putting the buds into a drying container for after-ripening, dipping the buds with a brush in the morning of the next day, removing impurities, and collecting the buds into a small wide-mouth bottle for later use;
3) artificial pollination: isolating the female parent by using gauze or polyvinyl chloride film bags 24 hours before flowering, emasculating when flowers of the female parent are about to bloom, dipping pollen of the male parent in the wide-mouth bottle in the step 2) on the stigma after emasculation, hanging a hangtag for marking after successful pollination of the stigma is ensured, writing the names of the male parent and the female parent and the pollination date, and removing the bags on the female parent after pollination for 7-10 days;
4) picking seeds: before and after frost in the next year, picking seeds, testing the seeds and storing when the green brown of most of the tea fruits is observed;
5) seed breeding: removing weeds and stone impurities, deeply ploughing, applying farmyard manure at a ratio of 700 kg/mu before ploughing for the second time, ploughing and preparing soil, arranging seedling beds at a large row spacing of 1.5m and a bed length of 10m, performing single-seed sowing on the seeds picked in the step 4) in a nursery in the same year, covering the seedlings with a plastic film, and performing cuttage propagation for 3 times in 4-6 years to obtain clonal seedlings of 210 ears in a cuttage manner;
6) planting: planting the clone seedling in a female parent garden, planting the clone seedling in a single double-row plant of 200cm multiplied by 30cm, wherein the planting area is 10m2Planting 30 plants, positioning the code name of the plant according to the line number of the arrangement area by 1-12, watering, planting and pruning after planting;
7) screening of excellent individual plants: arranging the tea seedlings in a variety comparison test garden, designing the tea seedlings in a random block mode, repeating the tea seedlings for four times, recording the growth vigor, the phenological period, the cold resistance, the disease and insect resistance and the branch number of the seedling stage according to observation, and primarily selecting the tea seedlings to obtain a cross breeding target.
2. The cross breeding method of a new variety of tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the time for artificial pollination in step 3) is 8-10 am in a sunny day.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brush in step 2) is a camel brush.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110348487.2A CN113080052A (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2021-03-31 | Crossbreeding method of new tea tree variety |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113475386A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-08 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Pollination method for improving directional hybridization efficiency of tea trees |
| CN116058277A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-05-05 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Tea tree hybridization marking method and early seedling breeding method of hybrid seeds |
| NL2032854B1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2023-06-09 | Hunan Tea Res Institute | Artificial crossbreeding method for tea plants |
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2021
- 2021-03-31 CN CN202110348487.2A patent/CN113080052A/en active Pending
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| CN104756853A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-07-08 | 井冈山农业科技园管理委员会 | A hybridize breeding method for a new variety of tea tree |
| CN110419439A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-08 | 湖南省茶叶研究所 | Based on the double clone Hybrid breeding methods of shallow lake overgrown with wild plants north × pekoe morning tea tree |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113475386A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-08 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Pollination method for improving directional hybridization efficiency of tea trees |
| NL2032854B1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2023-06-09 | Hunan Tea Res Institute | Artificial crossbreeding method for tea plants |
| CN116058277A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-05-05 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Tea tree hybridization marking method and early seedling breeding method of hybrid seeds |
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