CN105941136A - High-yield hybrid seed production method of tomatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield hybrid seed production method of tomatoes and relates to the technical field of hybrid seed production. The technical scheme comprises the following steps: trimming a maternal plant to remove all open flowers on the plant, and pruning to remove all branches and the internally-weak hypogenetic branches below the door pepper; selecting the flower bud to bloom next day from the second to fourth layer, and emasculating after 5 p.m. of the day; collecting mature uncracked anther and drying in a dryer for pollination in the morning of the day before or from the 7-10 a.m. of the day; generally at 7-10 a.m., dipping the pollen with a writing brush or eraser head, and lightly applying to the emasculated stigma; and harvesting when the fruits are completely mature in the fiftieth to seventieth day or so after the pollination. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for improving the purity and yield of tomato seed production as well as the fullness of seeds.

Description

A kind of high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti

Technical field

The present invention relates to cross-breeding technology field, be specifically related to the high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of a kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti.

Background technology

The current Fructus Lycopersici esculenti production of hybrid seeds takes the main method using the pollination of emasculation limit, limit in choosing, and this kind of method is just used by general, Mainly facilitate time-consuming, but defect is obvious, be mainly reflected in choosing and spend bad assurance, select Hua Tai great powder delivery, the production of hybrid seeds Purity reduces, and choosing is spent too small, and greenhouse is grown bad, particularly stigma, Pollination Fertilization weak effect, is difficult to sit fruit, even if sitting Really, often seed amount is few, and yield is the lowest.Traditional Fructus Lycopersici esculenti pollinating method has made the production of hybrid seeds of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti be restricted.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide the high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of a kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it have chosen second day and will open Flower, choosing is spent moderate, and flower stigma is through the growth promoter at a night, higher in the next morning Maturity, it is easier to award Powder is abundant, and the more conducively fertilization of pollen improves percentage of fertile fruit, and effect is obvious.

In order to solve the problem in the presence of background technology, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:

The arrangement of maternal plant: first maternal plant is arranged, by plant all opened spend all excisions, simultaneously Prune, extract all branches of below door green pepper and inside is thin and weak, hypogenetic branch；

Maternal emasculation: the flowers are in blossom begins the alabastrum that selects will to bloom for second day from 2 to 4 layers, emasculation after that afternoon 5；

Male parent adopts powder: when pollination afternoon before that day or that morning 7 to 10, gathers ripe uncracked flower pesticide in exsiccator It is interior dry, in case pollination is used；

Artificial pollination: be typically advisable in the morning 7 to 10, available brush pen or rubber tip are stained with pollen, are applied to the post of emasculation gently On head；

Fruit harvesting and seed collecting: about after being pollinated, 50 to 70 days fruits can be gathered time fully ripe.

Compared with the conventional method, beneficial effects of the present invention following points:

1, choosing is spent easily, selects the flower need not be excessive, does not worries that stamen powder delivery affects purity, improves seed production purity.

2, improve yield, stigma is easier to Pollination Fertilization, and setting is easy, improves yield.

3, improving bud rate, fully, seed plumpness improves, and improves bud rate in fertilization.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is primarily directed to select flower pollination link, and main hybrid seeding detailed process is as follows:

1, strictly isolation: although Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is Cross Pollinated, and the probability that pollen is propagated with wind-force is little, but Fructus Lycopersici esculenti Attract very much insecticide, easily cause biology hybrid, affect seed quality.Therefore, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti seed farm is isolated with other tomato varieties Required distance is more than 500 meters.

2, proper seeding: the optimum temperature that tomato pollen is sprouted is 20～25 DEG C, therefore should be by regulation sowing time and control Temperature cultivates of the right age rice shoot.For making parent can reach full-bloom stage in hybridization optimum period, propagating seeding in cold frame, precocious and middle cooked food can be used Kind sowing 11 the first tenday period of a month, late variety was sowed last ten-days period mid-October so that it is in 5 months, the last ten-days period can bloom and smoothly well Pollination.

3, seedbed management and field planting.Parent on December, heel in nutritive cube the middle ten days, a point seedbed cultivates 2 below the moon Ten days.Observe male parent growing state, it is desirable to male parent is bloomed early than female parent.As male parent growth is partially slow, then should improve bed temperature, method is to subtract Few ventilation number and time, or claim male parent to strengthen management in plastic greenhouse, to promote to grow.If with electric seed bed heater, then can fit Work as temperature control, reach preferable seedling age.Planting time typically should be after the late frost phase, and temperature gos up stable, the most easily meets with freeze injury. Calibration is carried out when fine day, soil should be selected more dry, waters foot root water after field planting at once.Plantation density is closely related with kind, maternal Planting distance is the dilutest, typically uses wide-and narrow-row, wide row line-spacing 75～80 centimetres, narrow row 40～45 centimetres, spacing in the rows 35～40 centimetres. The planting proportion of Parent is generally 1:3.

4, field management

4.1 topdress: Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is topdressed and to carry out according to the feature in different bearing stage.First base manure to be used sufficient, with barnyard manure be typically Good, per hectare 60000～75000 kilograms, or execute 3000 kilograms of the cake fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed.Second, gently execute seed manure before blooming, typically fixed After planting 7～10 days, can impose the steady Seedling of muck, fertilizer solution concentration is low, with one one-tenth dilute preferably.3rd.Fertilizers for potted flowers is surely executed to promote before pollination Enter plant branch, bloom, bear fruit.Per hectare can apply two one-tenth dilute domestic animals manures 7500 kilograms, separately adds N, P, K compound fertilizer 150 kilograms. 4th wants heavy dressing fruit fertile to ensure that fruit fully expands and the needs of seed development, and general per hectare sealing fertilizer 375 kilograms increases Execute each 150 kilograms of phosphorus, potash fertilizer.

4.2 pour water: early stage is the most often irrigated, it is to avoid ground temperature is low, affects the normal growth of early stage Seedling.Later stage is in height Temperature arid season, should pour water the most at night.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti happiness water is afraid of flood, therefore it is noted that anxious filling and row, pours water and does not cover furrow face, Can suitably topdress after pouring water.

The preventing and treating of 4.3 pest and disease damages: the common pest and disease damage of the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti production of hybrid seeds has shot hole, virosis, epidemic disease, anthrax etc., Insect has oriental tobacco budworm, Prodenia litura, bollworm etc., and the same conventional cultivation of prevention and controls, Drug level can be slightly higher.

4.4 roguing: pull out hybrid strain, weak plant is the primary work before Fructus Lycopersici esculenti pollination starts.Follow and would rather mistake pull out, no Can leak the principle pulled out, thoroughly pull out impure strain, variant, diseased plant is to guarantee parents' purity.Otherwise being mixed into of 1 strain hybrid strain can be caused Irremediable loss.

5, producing Crossbred

The arrangement of 5.1 maternal plants: before producing Crossbred, it is necessary to arrange maternal plant, has opened all on plant Spend all excisions, prune simultaneously, extract all branches of below door green pepper and inside is thin and weak, hypogenetic branch.

5.2 maternal emasculations: maternal plant just starts hybridization when tiller length is prosperous.Preferably from 2～4 layers of the flowers are in blossom beginning selection The alabastrum will bloomed for two days, emasculation after that afternoon 5, push petal gently aside with tip tweezers.Folder removes six stamens, Never injury stigma and ovary.May be used without staying half hat, without the method for corolla, emasculation speed is fast, and fruiting rate is the highest.

5.3 male parents adopt powder: when pollination afternoon before that day or that morning 7～10, gather ripe uncracked flower pesticide It is dried in exsiccator, in case pollination is used.

5.4 artificial pollinations: be typically advisable when the morning 7～10, available brush pen or rubber tip are stained with pollen, are applied to gently On the stigma of emasculation.Such as the rainy day, pollinate again after rain 1 time.For preventing false allocarpy, anthocaulus base portion blade tip can be gone during hybridization Fall, on fruit stem, fasten a colo(u)r streak after bearing fruit make marks, typically with every strain 15～20 flowers of pollination, be advisable for about 10 as a result.Plant Strain tiller is big, strong also can the staying of bearing capacity more.

6, fruit harvesting and seed collecting.About after pollination, 50～70 days fruits can be gathered time fully ripe, before gathering, Hybrid strain should be pulled out again；Note when gathering seeing labelling, markd fruit of can only gathering, and mechanical admixture to be strictly on guard against.The kind taken out Son should be dried process immediately, otherwise can become Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt, black, tarnish, affect seed presentation quality.

Claims (1)

1. a high-yield hybrid producing method for seed for Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, its technical scheme is as follows:

The arrangement of maternal plant: first maternal plant is arranged, by plant all opened spend all excisions, simultaneously Prune, extract all branches of below door green pepper and inside is thin and weak, hypogenetic branch；

Maternal emasculation: the flowers are in blossom begins the alabastrum that selects will to bloom for second day from 2 to 4 layers, emasculation after that afternoon 5；

Male parent adopts powder: when pollination afternoon before that day or that morning 7 to 10, gathers ripe uncracked flower pesticide in exsiccator It is interior dry, in case pollination is used；

Artificial pollination: be typically advisable in the morning 7 to 10, available brush pen or rubber tip are stained with pollen, are applied to the post of emasculation gently On head；

Fruit harvesting and seed collecting: about after being pollinated, 50 to 70 days fruits can be gathered time fully ripe.