CN103975848B - Breeding and cultivating method for early-matured and disease-resistant brassica oleracea - Google Patents
Breeding and cultivating method for early-matured and disease-resistant brassica oleracea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding and cultivating method for a plant, in particular relates to a breeding and cultivating method for brassica oleracea, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. Compared with a previous sterile line, a cytoplasmic male sterile line adopted in the breeding and cultivating method has the advantages that the male sterility is thorough, the sterile plant rate and the sterility are respectively 100 percent, the phenomena of low-temperature yellowing and abnormal development of flower organs in a seedling stage are avoided, and the resulting rate is high, and the early-matured and disease-resistant brassica oleracea also has the characteristics of high stress resistance and disease resistance; when a vegetative mass harvested from the brassica oleracea is used for preparing hybrid seeds through the cytoplasmic male sterile line, a recovery line is not required, and only a parent line is required. The method for obtaining the early-matured and disease-resistant brassica oleracea is simple, low in cost and convenient to popularize and has a large market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding and the breeding method of a Plants, particularly relate to breeding and the breeding method of a kind of purple kohlrabi, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Purple kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L.var.caulorapa DC) is Cruciferae Brassica genus brassica specie biennial vegetable crop, it is the kind of a kohlrabi crust purple, originating in Mediterranean, is in recent years from the external a kind of Specialty vegetable introduced.Purple kohlrabi Leaf-feeding insects is the fleshy stem expanded, and meat is pure white, can ripely eat also to can be used as fruit and eat raw, and purple kohlrabi is nutritious, and containing higher anthocyan, Vc, protein, raw fiber and mineral matter etc., taste is tender and crisp sweet refreshing, in recent years deeply by the welcome of consumer.In addition, purple kohlrabi also has stomach invigorating aid digestion and is rich in anthocyan and cancer-resisting substance, and cancer-resisting substance is wherein high, is a kind of delicious food and the high-quality of health care perfect adaptation, high-grade functional form green vegetables.Purple kohlrabi is due to Peculiar Forms, beautiful in colour, also can be used as ornamental plants to plant for park garden or potted plant, the purple kohlrabi of the positive establishing in large scale of current Vegetable Base, purple kohlrabi is subject to the harm of black rot, stalk break etc. in the course of cultivation, causes edible quality, storing quality and ornamental value to decline.
Purple kohlrabi has stronger hybrid vigour, and current production first-filial generation mainly contains two kinds of approach, namely utilizes self incompatible line and dominant genic male sterility system preparing hybrid kind.But utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds that a large amount of manpowers and time will be spent to carry out parent propagation (by artificial bud pollination), cost is very high, popularizing area restricts by production of hybrid seeds amount, more disadvantageously parent is long-term degenerates from transaction generation vitality continuously, the proterties making some excellent is lost, and the hybrid rate of crossbreed is difficult to reach 100%.Utilize the production of hybrid seeds of dominant genic male sterility system cumbersome, complicated, not easily promote.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect existed for prior art, propose a kind of precocity, the breeding of disease-resistant purple kohlrabi and breeding method, it is high that the purple kohlrabi new varieties of gained have output, the advantage that disease resistance is strong.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs: the breeding method of a kind of precocity, disease-resistant purple kohlrabi, comprises the following steps:
The first step, by purple kohlrabi and green kohlrabi hybridization obtain seed F1;
Second step, F1 to be sowed, the field planting after employing low temperature treatment when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, select precocity, bulb round or oblate after adding generation process, epidermis darkviolet, blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, pulp white, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, quality better individual plant carries out selfing and obtains seed F2;
3rd step, F2 to be sowed, adopt field planting after low temperature treatment when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, by the Standard Selection individual plant of second step, select mid-late uninucleate stage on individual plant to the early stage bud of double-core, carry out microspores culture and obtain monoploid material;
4th step, according to plant forms characteristic method, (plant is without yellow, without abnormal leaf, leaf look, leaf normal, plant strain growth normal, flower bud grain is grown normal, and pollen amount is large, can be normally solid) carry out field test, described monoploid material is obtained DH plant at field Natural double, carries out selfing and reserve seed for planting, numbering sowing respectively, when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, according to the DH strain that the Standard Selection of second step is excellent;
5th step, using described DH strain as recurrent parent, hybridize with cytoplasmic male sterility source, obtain hybrid seed;
6th step, by described hybrid seed after planting, when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, field planting after low temperature treatment, add generation process, carry out field test, select erect plants, bolting branch is many, and branch half is upright, and photosynthetic capacity is strong, seedling not yellow under low temperature, staminody, gynoecium is normal, development of floral organs is normal, nectary is large, and nectar is many, and the male sterile line individual plant of sterile plant rate and sterile degree 100%;
7th step, described DH strain is carried out 4-5 for backcross transformation as the male sterile line individual plant described in male parent and the 6th step that backcrosses, obtain cytoplasmic male sterile line, described DH strain is its maintainer;
8th step, with described cytoplasmic male sterile line for female parent, with described DH strain for male parent is hybridized, through field observation, qualification, community comparation and assessment, production test, filters out the purple kohlrabi hybrid combination that proterties is excellent, i.e. purple kohlrabi new varieties.
The present invention utilizes the cytoplasmic male sterile line production of hybrid seeds to overcome to utilize a series of defects of the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds.Although China starts late to cytoplasmic male sterility research, in cytoplasmic male sterility research, the breeder of China has done further research on the basis of Introduced From Abroad achievement in research and material, make some progress, by the improvement violet cabbage cytoplasmic male sterility source of introducing, sterility is stablized, not by environmental influence, development of floral organs is good, stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, nectary is large, nectar is many, sterile plant rate and sterile degree are 100%, overcome low temperature yellow in seedling stage, development of floral organs anomaly, ripening rate is high, all cole vegetables kinds can as its maintainer.
Cytoplasmic male sterile line of the present invention comparatively before male sterile line compare except male sterile is thorough, sterile plant rate and sterile degree are 100%, overcome low temperature yellow in seedling stage, development of floral organs anomaly, outside the proterties that ripening rate is high, also there is strong stress resistance, the feature that disease resistance is strong, and erect plants, blade is dark green, there is wax powder, bolting branch is many, branch half is upright, branch is stood upright, photosynthetic capacity is strong, staminody, gynoecium is normal, petal is large, dark Huang, nectary is flourishing, column cap is upright, do not bend, honeybee visiting frequencies is high, time is long, average out to 10 seconds/piece, easy pollination, average pod reaches about 15 ㎝, ripening rate reaches 20/pod, full seed, output height etc. feature.And the trophosome of purple kohlrabi results, when utilizing cytoplasmic male sterile line preparing hybrid kind, not needing restorer, only needing male parent system.
In the first step of above method, described purple kohlrabi selects erect plants, and precocity, bulb are round or oblate, epidermis darkviolet, blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, pulp white, single ball quality 500-600g, development of floral organs is normal, the dark Huang of petal, column cap is upright, and nectary is large, and nectar is many, flowering habit is good, and easily pollinate, bear pods length, ripening rate is high, and disease resistance is strong, the plant of strong stress resistance, quality better; Described green kohlrabi selects erect plants, and mid-early maturity, bulb are round or oblate, and epidermis is green, leaf green, pulp white, single ball quality 600-700g, development of floral organs is normal, the dark Huang of petal, and column cap is upright, nectary is large, and nectar is many, and flowering habit is good, easy pollination, bear pods length, and ripening rate is high, disease resistance is strong, the plant of strong stress resistance, quality better.
The condition of described low temperature treatment is temperature 2.4 ~ 10.6 DEG C, vernalization 20 days in the illumination box of illuminance 2000Lx.
Described adding, to refer to for processing method and adds every year for 1-2 generation.Kohlrabi is green body vernalization crop, different from Chinese cabbage seeds vernalization, adopts the seedling of 5 leaf 1 hearts to carry out low temperature treatment, completes vernalization, realize 1 year 2 generation, improves breeding speed, accelerates breeding process, and more directly effectively, selectivity is strong for comparatively seed vernalization mode.Concrete grammar is: by clean for the seed shatter then accepted, and removes flat seed, broken son, dries, point disk seedling growing at the beginning of 1 month, daytime 20-25 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C, illumination box is placed during 5 leaf 1 heart, daytime 8-10 DEG C, night 3-5 DEG C, cultivate and get final product field planting after 20 days, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net controls summer high temperature, fuel oil temperature controlling instruments is utilized to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, come into bloom to bolting at the formation of corm initial stage, daytime 10:30-14:30, atomising device is utilized in booth, relative air humidity in booth is made to remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, field test stalk break, the resistance of the diseases such as black rot and the power of resistance, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, strong stress resistance, within after field planting 50 days, can bloom by bolting, then carry out artificial back pollinating.In transformation early generation, the cytoplasmic male sterility source material male parent that comparatively backcrosses shifts to an earlier date sowing in 4 days, and as flowering asynchronism, can remove major branch, its collateral development short, florescence alternation, manually shells flower bud or florescence bagging hybridization during flower synchronization, by the end of May results at the beginning of 6 months; Late June is sowed again, and method is the same, can gather in the crops by the end of November at the beginning of 12 months, realizes 1 year 2 Dai Jiadai quick breeding.
Described microspores culture method, see Yuan Suxia, Liu Yumei, Fang Zhiyuan, Yang Limei, Zhuan Mu, is made widely known brave, Sun Peitian (2010). head cabbage and broccoli microspore embryoid plant regeneration. and plant journal 45 (2), 226-232.Donor plant is the plant selecting plant and bud stalwartness; And therefrom select petal and anther length than between 0.5-0.8, be in mid-late uninucleate stage to the early stage flower bud culture of double-core, other cultural method is identical.
The present invention further provides breeding method that is precocious, disease-resistant purple kohlrabi, comprise the following steps: adopt simple plastic greenhouse to collect seed, male sterile line and corresponding maintainer are cultivated with 1:2, flowering stage puts honeybee pollination in canopy, each booth 2 case, pulls out maintainer after the florescence, and collecting seed from male sterile line plant obtains maternal seed, male parent seed collecting canopy by honeybee pollination, improves seed collecting quality in flowering stage.
During cultivation, cultivation base adopts natural cover isolation, isolation distance is more than 1500 meters, and male parent carries out field planting with maternal according to 1:2, and field planting is to simple plastic greenhouse rain shelter cultivation, during temperature more than 30 DEG C, surrounding is ventilated, note the Timeliness coverage of hybrid strain before blooming and pull out, flowering stage puts honeybee pollination in canopy, each booth 2 case, pull out male parent system after the florescence, strengthen the management of field damage by disease and insect.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
(1) male sterile is cytoplasmic sterility, and with maternal inheritance, its sterility is stablized, sterile plant rate and sterile degree are 100%, nectary is flourishing, and nectar is many, and column is normal, proterties of blossoming and bearing fruit is good, not yellow under seedling cryogenic conditions, many generations backcross does not degenerate, and transformation is easy, growth potential is prosperous, and combining ability is strong.
(2) breeding material is green body vernalization crop, through low temperature treatment, complete vernalization, can bloom, as long as avoid high temperature with cold to blossoming and bearing fruit outside adverse effect, utilization cooling and warming-up device are transferred to 15-28 DEG C temperature of shed, can ensure that Advances in Breeding is smooth, and select violet cabbage male sterile line can 1-2 generation shortening the breeding cycle, can breeding process be accelerated, improve breeding efficiency.
(3) in transformation early generation, male sterile line is stronger than maintainer plant strain growth gesture, has interspecific cross advantage.
(4) in transformation early generation, the late bolting of male sterile line is stronger than maintainer, therefore transformation early for sterile line material than maintainer early sowing 4 days.
(5) prepare F1 with male sterile line, seed production is high, and breeding cost is low, saving of labor.
(6) come into bloom to bolting at the formation of corm initial stage, relative air humidity in booth is made to remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, the resistance of disease and the powers of resistance such as field test stalk break, black rot, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, strong stress resistance, and male sterile line disease resistance is strong, volume increase obviously.
(7) combined by microspore-isolated culture and conventional breeding, be polymerized the precocity of purple kohlrabi and green kohlrabi, high-quality, the high efficiency gene such as disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, cultivate purple kohlrabi color dark purple, objective trait given prominence to, purple kohlrabi new varieties that Comprehensive Traits is excellent.
The preparation method of this material provided by the invention is easy, with low cost, is convenient to promote, wide market.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the breeding procedures figure of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, first time is as maternal violet cabbage cytoplasm male sterility line standard code CMS038, excellent and stable purple kohlrabi DH strain standard code 0202-6, purple kohlrabi cytoplasm male sterility line standard code CMS066, excellent and stable purple kohlrabi DH strain standard code 0202-8, commercially can buy as required and (such as buy to Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City, No. 112, Ningbo-Hangzhou road, Jurong City of address Jiangsu Province), the present invention is practical.
As shown in Figure 1, the breeding procedures of the present embodiment is as follows: before breeding, purple kohlrabi selects erect plants, and precocity, bulb are round or oblate, epidermis darkviolet, blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, pulp white, single ball quality 500-600g, development of floral organs is normal, the dark Huang of petal, column cap is upright, and nectary is large, and nectar is many, flowering habit is good, and easily pollinate, bear pods length, ripening rate is high, and disease resistance is strong, the plant of strong stress resistance, quality better; Described green kohlrabi selects erect plants, and mid-early maturity, bulb are round or oblate, and epidermis is green, leaf green, pulp white, single ball quality 600-700g, development of floral organs is normal, the dark Huang of petal, and column cap is upright, nectary is large, and nectar is many, and flowering habit is good, easy pollination, bear pods length, and ripening rate is high, disease resistance is strong, the plant of strong stress resistance, quality better.Specifically First Year early April hybridizes with 2 parts of dissimilar (different maturation period, different leaf and leaf look, different spherical) purple kohlrabi breeding materials (Fei Nikesi Phoenix, Kang Ni CONNIE purple kohlrabi) dissimilar from 2 parts (different maturation period, different leaf and leaf look, different spherical) green kohlrabi breeding material (the blue or green kohlrabi orchid in Tianjin, spring are preced with kohlrabi orchid), obtain 13 parts of dissimilar hybridization F1 offsprings, at the beginning of 6 months, gather in the crops F1 seed, summer (late June) is by 13 parts of dissimilar F1 sowings then, be seeded in 50 hole dishes respectively, vegetables special nutritional seedlings and soil, daytime 20-25 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C, illumination box is placed during 5 leaf 1 heart, daytime 8-10 DEG C, night 3-5 DEG C, vernalization 20 days in the illumination box of illuminance 2000XL, after vernalization, plant field planting being placed in booth in flowerpot is grown, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net controls summer high temperature, fuel oil temperature controlling instruments is utilized to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, be beneficial to plant strain growth, come into bloom to bolting at the formation of corm initial stage, daytime 10:30-14:30, atomising device is utilized in booth, relative air humidity in booth is made to remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, field test stalk break, the resistance of the diseases such as black rot and the power of resistance, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, other Comprehensive Traits such as strong stress resistance.F1 generation due to results seed amount not etc., plant number 60 ~ 80 strain is not etc., September is through field observation, qualification then, screens 7 precocities, bulb is round or oblate, epidermis darkviolet, blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, pulp white, the fine individual plant of disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, quality better, selfing, obtains 8 parts of F2 seeds at the beginning of 11 months, early November is seeded in 50 hole dishes, vegetables special nutritional seedlings and soil, daytime 20-25 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C, illumination box is placed during 5 leaf 1 heart, daytime 8-10 DEG C, night 3-5 DEG C, vernalization 20 days in the illumination box of illuminance 2000XL, after vernalization, plant field planting being placed in booth in flowerpot is grown, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net controls summer high temperature, fuel oil temperature controlling instruments is utilized to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, be beneficial to plant strain growth and come into bloom to bolting at the formation of corm initial stage, daytime 10:30-14:30, atomising device is utilized in booth, relative air humidity in booth is made to remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, field test stalk break, the resistance of the diseases such as black rot and the power of resistance, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, strong stress resistance.Deng other Comprehensive Traits.
Second Year mid-February carries out microspores culture with mid-late uninucleate stage to the bud of the early stage applicable microspores culture of double-core, the a large amount of normal regeneration plant of initiative, and through vernalization (condition is identical with above-mentioned plant vernalization condition), in Second Year plantlet of transplant mid-April booth, field adopts the qualification of plant forms characteristic method, mostly be spontaneous double haploid (DH), second early June is through field observation, qualification, the selfing of screening fine individual plant, Second Year early August obtains seed and numbers, Second Year early November is sowed, through field observation, qualification, screen 15 parts of precocities, bulb is round or oblate, epidermis darkviolet, blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, pulp white, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, the excellent DH strain breeding of quality better, in March, the 3rd blooms, breed between strain, obtain stable DH strain parent 22 parts in by the end of May, the 3rd, and in early October, the 3rd to dividing the sowing of three phases by the end of November.
3rd year from Europe, many parts of violet cabbage male sterile materials are introduced on the ground such as Japan, early August in the same year is in the Vegetable Base plantation of the Zhenjiang institute of agricultural sciences, through field observation, qualification, find that 1 part of material C MS038 sterile plant rate and sterile degree are 100%, overcome low temperature yellow in seedling stage, development of floral organs anomaly, outside the proterties that ripening rate is high, also there is strong stress resistance, the feature that disease resistance is strong, and erect plants, bolting branch is many, branch half is upright, photosynthetic capacity is strong, staminody, gynoecium is normal, column cap is upright, do not bend, petal is large, dark Huang, nectary is large, nectar is many, honeybee visiting frequencies is high, time is long, average out to 10 seconds/piece, easy pollination, average pod reaches about 15 ㎝, ripening rate reaches 20/pod, full seed, output high, fine individual plant of selecting and remain after field test is heeled in and survives the winter in booth.
Using 4 parts of dissimilar (different maturation period, different leaf and leaf look) excellent and stable purple kohlrabi DH strains to hybridize with it in by the end of March, the 4th, obtaining 4 parts of dissimilar hybridization F1 offsprings, in gathering in the crops F1 seed at the beginning of 6 months then; Then by the end of June by 4 parts of dissimilar F1 and the male parent that backcrosses sowing, be seeded in 50 hole dishes respectively, vegetables special nutritional seedlings and soil, during plant to be planted 5 leaf 1 heart, carry out vernalization (condition is identical with above-mentioned plant vernalization condition), after vernalization, plant field planting being placed in booth in flowerpot is grown, canopy temperature, regulation of relative humidity are with aforementioned, keep ground moistening, be beneficial to plant strain growth, in process of growth, repeatedly identify the growing way of plant, disease resistance, resistance and other Comprehensive Traits.F1 generation due to results seed amount not etc., plant number 30 ~ 50 strain is not etc.Each plant growing way is repeatedly identified in process of growth, disease resistance, resistance and other comprehensive agronomy proterties, the fertility of F1 plant is checked at duration of flowering, screening sterile plant rate and flower sterile degree are the sterile strain of 100%, the wherein sterile strain erect plants of 1 part of material (male parent is 0202-6), blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, there is wax powder, bolting branch is many, branch half is upright, branch is stood upright, photosynthetic capacity is strong, seedling not yellow at low temperatures, reproductive stage flowering is normal, stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, nectary is large, nectar is many, Comprehensive Traits is excellent, then by F1 with backcross male parent 0202-6 (the male parent 0202-6 seed that backcrosses is sowed in batches for many years) flower synchronization time manually shell flower bud or florescence bagging backcrosses, in early November, the 4th obtains BC1 seed, by BC1 in sowing in autumn (late November) then, during plant to be planted 5 leaf 1 heart, carry out vernalization (condition is identical with above-mentioned plant vernalization condition), after vernalization, plant being placed in temperature is 15 ~ 28 DEG C of greenhouse-environments, canopy temperature, regulation of relative humidity is with aforementioned, when blooming, the selfing of selected part plant individual plant bagging checks its fertility, find that sterile rate and sterile degree are 100%, then BC1 backcrosses with 0202-6 (identical with BC1 implantation methods) for maternal, obtain second backcross generation BC2.
BC2 was sowed the 5th year summer (by the end of June), during plant to be planted 5 leaf 1 heart, carry out vernalization (condition is identical with above-mentioned plant vernalization condition), after vernalization, plant is placed in the booth of temperature less than 15 ~ 28 DEG C, carry out adding generation, namely BC2 and 0202-6 backcrosses, and obtains third backcross generation BC3.
BC3 sows by the 5th year autumn (late November), vernalization, and after vernalization, plant being placed in temperature is 15 ~ 28 DEG C of booths, and Post flowering selects the selfing of plant part bagging, checks that sterile rate is 100%, BC3 and 0202-6 backcross and obtain the four generation BC4 that backcross.
BC4 was sowed the 6th year summer (by the end of June), vernalization, after vernalization, plant is placed in the booth of temperature less than 15 ~ 28 DEG C, carry out adding generation, early November selects 1 male sterile line CMS066 that comprehensive agronomy proterties is excellent and sterility is stable, and 0202-6 selfing simultaneously obtains cytoplasmic male sterilty maintainer.
In late March, the 7th, male sterile line CMS066 and other excellent and stable purple kohlrabi DH strain are tried to join hybrid combination 48, field varietal yield test is participated in then at the beginning of 8 months, carry out field test, screening, combining ability test, finally select proterties high-quality, disease-resistant, purple kohlrabi purple hat 55 (CMS066 × 0202-8), precocious 4 days of the more elegant hat of this kind (CK), output 4182.3Kg/667 ㎡, more elegant hat (CK) 3910.8Kg/667 ㎡ increases production 6.9% anti-stalk break, black rot is strong, mouthfeel is crisp sweet, comprehensive agronomy the Characters is excellent, in table 4, table 5.
Two purple hat 55 features
Precocity, can gather for after field planting 55 days.Plant half is upright, plant height is about 50cm, and degree of development is about 47cm, and blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, and bulb is high circular, epidermis darkviolet, anti-stalk break, and black rot is strong, pulp white, and mouthfeel is tender and crisp, and micro-sweet, quality is splendid, suitable dense planting, heavily about 1100 grams, single ball.
Three breedings, seeding technique main points
1 parent propagation: adopt simple plastic greenhouse to collect seed, male sterile line and corresponding maintainer are cultivated with 1:2.Flowering stage puts honeybee pollination in canopy, and each booth 2 case, pulls out maintainer after the florescence.Collect seed from male sterile line plant and obtain maternal seed.Male parent seed collecting canopy by honeybee pollination, improves seed collecting quality in flowering stage.
2 first generation of hybrid seeding techniques:
(1) strictly isolate: must take strict quarantine measures at seed breeding base, preferably natural cover isolation, isolation distance should more than 1500 meters.
(2) date of seeding adjustment: with male sterile line CMS066 of the present invention for female parent, excellent self compatible line 0202-8 is that male parent carries out hybrid seeding.Because the florescence of Parent is inconsistent, when the production of hybrid seeds in order to Parent flower synchronization can be made, improve seed production, need the sowing time according to production of hybrid seeds ground weather conditions adjustment Parent at seeding time.
(3) field planting ratio: generally, male parent carries out field planting with maternal according to 1:2.
(4) field management: in Jiangsu Province, general early September sowing, 50 hole point disk seedling growings, 5-6 leaf direct field planting simple plastic greenhouse rain shelter cultivation, when temperature reaches more than 30 DEG C, surrounding is ventilated, and notes the Timeliness coverage of hybrid strain and pull out before blooming.Flowering stage puts honeybee pollination in canopy, and each booth 2 case, pulls out male parent system after the florescence.Strengthen the management of field damage by disease and insect.
Table 1 purple kohlrabi DH inbred line 0202-6 and violet cabbage, wild cabbage cytoplasm male sterility line backcross transformation characters of progenies
Table 2 purple kohlrabi DH inbred line 0202-6 compares with violet cabbage and wild cabbage cytoplasm male sterility line backcross transformation offspring
The biological character of table 3 violet cabbage, purple kohlrabi cytoplasm male sterility line and maintainer, male parent system
Table 4 purple hat 55 variety biology proterties
Table 5 purple hat 55 variety yields and disease resistance
Except above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (4)
1. a breeding method for precocity, disease-resistant purple kohlrabi, comprises the following steps:
The first step, by purple kohlrabi and green kohlrabi hybridization obtain seed F1;
Second step, F1 to be sowed, the field planting after employing low temperature treatment when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, select precocity, bulb round or oblate after adding generation process, epidermis darkviolet, blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, pulp white, disease resistance is strong, the individual plant of strong stress resistance, quality better carries out selfing and obtains seed F2;
3rd step, F2 to be sowed, the field planting after employing low temperature treatment when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, by the Standard Selection individual plant of second step, select that mid-late uninucleate stage on individual plant is early stage to double-core, petal and anther length than the bud between 0.5-0.8, carrying out microspores culture obtains monoploid material;
4th step, described monoploid material is obtained DH plant at field Natural double, carry out selfing and reserve seed for planting, numbering sowing respectively, when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, according to the DH strain that the Standard Selection of second step is excellent;
5th step, using described DH strain as recurrent parent, hybridize with cytoplasmic male sterility source, obtain hybrid seed;
6th step, by described hybrid seed after planting, when seedling grows to 5 leaf 1 heart, field planting after low temperature treatment, add generation process, carry out field test, seedling not yellow under selection plant low temperature, reproductive stage flowering is normal, staminody, gynoecium is normal, and development of floral organs is normal, and nectary is large, nectar is many, and the male sterile line individual plant of sterile plant rate and sterile degree 100%;
7th step, described DH strain is carried out 4-5 for backcross transformation as the male sterile line individual plant described in male parent and the 6th step that backcrosses, obtain cytoplasmic male sterile line, described DH strain is its maintainer;
8th step, with described cytoplasmic male sterile line for female parent, with described DH strain for male parent is hybridized, through field observation, qualification, community comparation and assessment, production test, filters out the purple kohlrabi hybrid combination that proterties is excellent, i.e. purple kohlrabi new varieties.
2. the breeding method of precocious, disease-resistant purple kohlrabi according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described purple kohlrabi selects erect plants, precocious, bulb is round or oblate, epidermis darkviolet, blade is blackish green, vein kermesinus, pulp white, single ball quality 500-600g, development of floral organs is normal, the dark Huang of petal, column cap is upright, and nectary is large, and nectar is many, flowering habit is good, and easily pollinate, bear pods length, ripening rate is high, and disease resistance is strong, the plant of strong stress resistance, quality better; Described green kohlrabi selects erect plants, and mid-early maturity, bulb are round or oblate, and epidermis is green, leaf green, pulp white, single ball quality 600-700g, development of floral organs is normal, the dark Huang of petal, and column cap is upright, nectary is large, and nectar is many, and flowering habit is good, easy pollination, bear pods length, and ripening rate is high, disease resistance is strong, the plant of strong stress resistance, quality better.
3. the breeding method of precocious, disease-resistant purple kohlrabi according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the condition of described low temperature treatment is temperature 2.4 ~ 10.6 DEG C, vernalization 20 days in the illumination box of illuminance 2000Lx.
4. precocious according to claim 1, the breeding method of disease-resistant purple kohlrabi, it is characterized in that: described in add generation process be added for 2 generations every year, specifically by clean for the seed shatter accepted, remove flat seed, broken son, dry, point disk seedling growing at the beginning of 1 month, daytime 20-25 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C, illumination box is placed during 5 leaf 1 heart, daytime 8-10 DEG C, night 3-5 DEG C, cultivate field planting after 20 days, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, come into bloom to bolting at the formation of corm initial stage, daytime 10:30-14:30, atomising device is utilized in booth, relative air humidity in booth is made to remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, field test comprises stalk break, the resistance of black rot in interior disease and the power of resistance, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, strong stress resistance, treat after field planting that bolting is bloomed, carry out artificial back pollinating, transformation early generation, the cytoplasmic male sterility source material male parent that comparatively backcrosses shifts to an earlier date sowing in 4 days, manually shells flower bud or florescence bagging hybridization, by the end of May results at the beginning of 6 months during flower synchronization, late June is sowed again, and method is the same, gathers in the crops by the end of November, realize 1 year 2 Dai Jiadai quick breeding at the beginning of 12 months.
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| CN105104175A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-02 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding method for early-maturing, crack-resistant and disease-resistant brassica oleracea |
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| "球茎甘蓝雄性不育相关基因的SSR分子标记筛选";陈烨丽等;《园艺学报》;20101231;第37卷;第2127页 * |
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