CN103168681B - Breeding method of early-ripe and disease-resistant broccolini - Google Patents
Breeding method of early-ripe and disease-resistant broccolini Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding method of crops, and particularly to a breeding method of broccolini, belonging to the technical field of plant breeding. The breeding method has the advantages that 1. the male sterility line belongs to cytoplasmic male sterility and maternal inheritance, and is stable in sterility, the sterile plant rate and the sterility are 100 percent, nectary is developed, more nectars grow, stigma is normal, flowering and fruiting characters are good, and a seedling does not yellow under the condition of low temperature and can not deteriorate after multi-generation backcross, transform is easy, growth is vigorous, and combining ability is strong; 2. a transformation early generation sterile line is stronger in growth vigor in comparison with a maintainer line and has the advantage of interspecies cross; 3. a later producing shoot of the transformation early generation sterile line is stronger than that of the maintainer line, and thus the transformation early generation sterile line material is early planted by 5 days in comparison with a backcross male parent; 4. F1 is prepared by using the sterile line, the seed yield is high, the seed producing cost is low and the labor is saved; and 5. a new variety prepared by using the sterile line is strong in disease resistance, and is remarkable in production increasing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of crops, the breeding method of the blue a kind of sedge in especially a kind of west, belongs to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Western blue a kind of sedge is a kind of novel vegetable being formed by broccoli and cabbage mustard selection cross, claims again slight broccoli, blue and white bamboo shoot, asparagus broccoli, English Broccolini by name, another name Sweet Baby Brocclini.Western blue a kind of sedge is mainly edible with the tender colored a kind of sedge of fertilizer, and flower a kind of sedge look green is emerald green beautiful, and meat is tender and crisp, and local flavor is fragrant and sweet, nutritious, is rich in vitamin A, B, C, E, protein, anthocyan, the multiple nutrients compositions such as mineral matter.It has gathered the advantage of broccoli and cabbage mustard, has removed again the shortcoming of broccoli and cabbage mustard simultaneously.It is sweet crisp better to eat than broccoli, more fragrant and more sweet than cabbage mustard, the puckery blue or green taste that does not but have cabbage mustard often to have; Beautiful, the local flavor of its outward appearance good far away on broccoli and cabbage mustard.In addition, western blue a kind of sedge also has stomach invigorating aid digestion and be rich in anthocyan and cancer-resisting substance, and cancer-resisting substance wherein exceeds several times than broccoli, is a kind of delicious food and high-quality, the high-grade functional form green vegetables of health care perfect adaptation.In Taiwan, by laudatory title, be that " the blue and white bamboo shoot of gold " are current, the western blue a kind of sedge of the positive establishing in large scale of Vegetable Base, to supply domestic and international market.Western blue a kind of sedge has stronger hybrid vigour, and production first-filial generation mainly contains two kinds of approach at present, and utilizing self incompatible line and dominant genic male sterility is preparing hybrid kind.But utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds will spend a large amount of manpowers and the time is carried out parent propagation (by artificial bud pollination), cost is very high, and popularizing area is restricted by production of hybrid seeds amount.More disadvantageously parent is long-term degenerates from transaction generation vitality continuously, and some good proterties can be lost, and the hybrid rate of crossbreed is difficult to reach 100%.Utilizing dominant genic male sterility is that the production of hybrid seeds is cumbersome, and complexity is difficult for promoting, and utilizes the cytoplasmic male sterile line production of hybrid seeds can overcome a series of defects of utilizing the production of hybrid seeds such as self incompatible line.Although China to cytoplasmic male sterility research start late, in cytoplasmic male sterility research, the breeder of China has done further research on the basis of Introduced From Abroad achievement in research and material, make some progress, by the improvement broccoli cytoplasmic male sterility source of introducing, sterility is stable, be not subject to environmental influence, development of floral organs is good, stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, nectary is large, nectar is many, sterile plant rate and sterile degree are 100%, overcome low temperature yellow in seedling stage, development of floral organs anomaly, ripening rate is high, all cole vegetables kinds can be as its maintainer.The trophosome of western blue a kind of sedge results, when utilizing cytoplasmic male sterile line preparing hybrid kind, does not need restorer, only needs male parent system, the application on producing of existing cross combination which has strong superior.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect existing for prior art, propose the breeding method of a kind of precocity, the blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west, improve the quality of western blue a kind of sedge.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs: the breeding method of a kind of precocity, the blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, take broccoli cytoplasm male sterility line as maternal, is male parent with the good and stable selfing of broccoli, obtains first-filial generation seed F1;
Step 2, by described first-filial generation seed F1 sowing, through field test, observe under plant low temperature whether yellow of seedling, whether reproductive stage flower is opened normally, and whether stamen degenerates, whether gynoecium is normal, whether floral organ grows normally, nectary size, and nectar is how many, and sterile plant rate and sterile degree whether 100%, select the good male sterile line individual plant of comprehensive agronomy proterties;
Step 3, the good and stable inbred line of described broccoli is carried out to 4-5 for backcross transformation as backcross male parent and described male sterile line individual plant, obtain cytoplasmic male sterile line, the good and stable selfing of described broccoli is its maintainer;
Step 4, take described cytoplasmic male sterile line as maternal, is male parent with the good and stable selfing of cabbage mustard, and hybridization obtains western blue a kind of sedge new varieties.
The described broccoli cytoplasm male sterility line code name CMS055 of said method, the inbred line code name 0315 that described broccoli is good and stable, described cytoplasmic male sterile line code name CM09, the inbred line code name 0532 that described cabbage mustard is good and stable.
In described step 1, during hybridization, male parent and female parent are manually shelled to flower bud or florescence bagging hybridization, after exposing column cap, the pollen of male parent is coated on maternal column cap, column cap is normally expanded.
In described step 3, male sterile line is with corresponding maintainer with the cultivation of 1:2 ratio, and cultivation adopts rain shelter cultivation, keeps ground moistening, and temperature ventilates while surpassing 30 ℃; In canopy, put honeybee pollination flowering stage, each booth 2 case, the florescence is pulled out maintainer later.
In described step 4, seed farm is taked quarantine measures, >=1500 meters of distances, and mid-September is selected in sowing.When described male parent is grown to 5-6 sheet true leaf with maternal seedling stage, in the field planting of 1:2 ratio, rain shelter cultivation, keeps ground moistening, when temperature surpasses 30 ℃, ventilates.During the production of hybrid seeds, the more maternal late sowing kind of male parent 5-6 days, take adjust described male parent with the maternal florescence as consistent.Florescence puts honeybee pollination in canopy, pulls out male parent after the florescence.
Described backcrossing, manually shells flower bud when referring to male sterile line and backcrossing male parent flower synchronization or florescence bagging backcrosses; As flowering asynchronism, can remove major branch, short its collateral development, regulates the florescence, manually shells flower bud or florescence bagging hybridization during flower synchronization.Transformation is generation early, the cytoplasmic male sterile line male parent sowing in 5 days in advance that backcrosses.
The present invention is normal by the good broccoli cytoplasmic male sterile line CMS055(pistil function of having collected, harmful effect without allo-plasm, there is good economical character, and sterility is thoroughly stable, sterile plant rate and sterile degree all reach 100%, there is higher output coordinate force) with the ripe property of the good and stable inbred line 0315(of broccoli early, plant type is compact, in bouquet, bouquet is more loose, in flower bud grain, it is strong that lateral branching is sprouted ability, disease resistance is strong, strong stress resistance) first hybridization, after through the 5 generation good cytoplasmic male sterile line CM09 of Comprehensive Traits that form of backcross transformation, (pistil function is normal, harmful effect without allo-plasm, there is good economical character, sterility is thoroughly stable, sterile plant rate and sterile degree all reach 100%, there is higher output coordinate force).The male parent that backcrosses 0315 is maintainer.In the good and stable ripe property of inbred line 0532(of cytoplasmic male sterile line CM09 and cabbage mustard, plant type is little, leaf look green, in flower a kind of sedge, in main a kind of sedge rugosity, side a kind of sedge sprouts that ability is strong, lateral branching length 15～20cm, picking time reach 25 days, disease resistance, strong stress resistance, coordinate force is good, pollen amount is large) hybridization, through field test, screening, select precocity, the blue a kind of sedge new varieties (No. 1, auspicious a kind of sedge) in disease-resistant good west.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows: (1) male sterile is cytoplasmic sterility, and with maternal inheritance, its sterility is stable, sterile plant rate and sterile degree are 100%, nectary is flourishing, and nectar is many, and column cap is normal, the proterties of blossoming and bearing fruit is good, not yellow under seedling cryogenic conditions, many generations backcross does not degenerate, and transformation is easy, growth potential is prosperous, and combining ability is strong.(2) in transformation generation early,, male sterile line is stronger than maintainer plant strain growth gesture, has interspecific cross advantage.(3) in transformation generation early,, the late bolting of male sterile line is stronger than maintainer, so transformation is early for sterile line material ratio male parent early sowing 5 days that backcross.(4) with male sterile line, prepare F1, seed production is high, and breeding cost is low, saving of labor.(5) strong by male sterile line preparation new varieties disease resistance, volume increase obviously.Breeding method is easy, with low cost, is convenient to promote, and market prospects are wide.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the breeding flow chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment
In the present embodiment for the first time as the good and stable inbred line standard code 0315 of maternal broccoli cytoplasm male sterility line standard code CMS055, broccoli, broccoli cytoplasm male sterility line standard code CM09, the good and stable inbred line standard code 0532 of broccoli, can on market, buy as required and (for example to Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City, buy, No. 112, Ningbo-Hangzhou road, Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, address), the present invention is practical.
As shown in Figure 1, the breeding flow process of the present embodiment is as follows:
First Year is from Europe, many parts of broccoli male sterile materials are introduced on the ground such as Japan, early September in the same year is in the Vegetable Base plantation of the Zhenjiang institute of agricultural sciences, through field observation, identify, find 1 part of material (CMS055) not yellow of seedling at low temperatures, reproductive stage flowering is normal, stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, nectary is large, nectar is many, the fine individual plant of selecting and remain after field test is heeled in booth and survives the winter, Second Year early April is by 7 parts of dissimilar (different maturation period, different leaf and leaf looks) the good and stable inbred line (material) of broccoli is hybridized with it, obtain 7 parts of dissimilar hybridization F1 offsprings, at the beginning of 6 months then, gather in the crops F1 seed, September is the sowing of 7 parts of dissimilar F1 and the male parent that backcrosses then, F1 generation due to results seed amount not etc., 50～70 strains of plant number are not etc.In process of growth, repeatedly identify each plant growing way, disease resistance, resistance and other comprehensive agronomy proterties, at duration of flowering, check the fertility of F1 plant, screening sterile plant rate and flower sterile degree are 100% sterile strain, the wherein sterile strain not yellow of seedling at low temperatures of 1 part of material (male parent is 0315), reproductive stage flowering is normal, stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, nectary is large, nectar is many, Comprehensive Traits is good, then the sowing for many years in batches of male parent 0315 seed backcrosses F1 and the male parent 0315(that backcrosses) manually shell flower bud during flower synchronization or florescence bagging backcrosses, in early June, the 3rd obtains BC1 seed, to the BC1 obtaining and the male parent 0315 that backcrosses in early September sowing then, plantation 71 strains.Choose 15～20 individual plant baggings, in early April, the 4th, in field examination BC1 fertility, finds that the stamen of BC1 is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, and nectary is large, and nectar is many, sterile rate and sterile degree are still 100%, recycle the male parent 0315 that backcrosses and backcross, and in early June, the 4th obtains backcross progeny BC2 seed; Early September is to the BC2 obtaining and male parent 0315 sowing that backcrosses, plantation 50 strains then.Choose 10～15 individual plant baggings, in early April, the 5th field examination BC2 fertility, discovery BC2 stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, and nectary is large, and nectar is many, sterile rate and sterile degree are still 100%, recycle the male parent 0315 that backcrosses and backcross, and in early June, the 5th obtains backcross progeny BC3 seed; Early September is to the BC3 obtaining and male parent 0315 sowing that backcrosses then, in early April, 2009 field examination BC3 fertility, discovery stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, nectary is large, and nectar is many, and sterile rate and sterile degree are still 100%, and backcross with the male parent 0315 that backcrosses, in early June, the 6th obtains backcross progeny BC4 seed; In early September, the 6th is to the BC4 obtaining and male parent 0315 sowing that backcrosses, in early April, the 7th field examination BC4 fertility, stamen is all degenerated, gynoecium is normal, nectary is large, and nectar is many, and sterile rate and sterile degree are still 100%, and backcross with the male parent 0315 that backcrosses, in early June, the 7th selects 1 male sterile line CM09 that comprehensive agronomy proterties is good and sterility is stable; The male parent that simultaneously backcrosses (0315) is the maintainer 0315 of corresponding male sterile line CM09.In early April, the 8th, 45 of hybrid combinations are joined in male sterile line CM09 and the examination of cabbage mustard inbred line, participate in then field varietal yield test August, carry out field test, screening, combining ability test, finally select the precocity that proterties is good, disease-resistant west No. 1, auspicious a kind of sedges of blue a kind of sedge new varieties (CM09 * 0532), precocious 3 days of this kind greener elegant blue (CK), length picking time 5 days, output 1765.3Kg/667 ㎡, greener elegant blue (CK) 1602.8Kg/667 ㎡ increases production 10.1% viral diseases, black rot is strong, mouthfeel is crisp sweet, comprehensive agronomy the Characters is good, in Table 1
Table 2.
No. 1 variety biology proterties of the auspicious a kind of sedge of table 1
No. 1 variety yield of the auspicious a kind of sedge of table 2 and disease resistance
No. 1 feature of two auspicious a kind of sedges
Precocity, after field planting 40 days can start to gather.Plant is taller and bigger, the about 48cm of plant height, the about 50cm of degree of development, minute principal stresses is strong, a kind of sedge head and the tail are well-balanced, the thick about 1.5cm of a kind of sedge, the heavily about 30g of single a kind of sedge, a kind of sedge look light green, meat is crisp sweet, water scald after color and luster emerald green, product are of fine quality, disease resistance is strong, reaches picking time about 28 days.
Three breedings, seeding technique main points
1 parent propagation: adopt simple plastic greenhouse to collect seed, male sterile line is cultivated with 1:2 with corresponding maintainer.In canopy, put honeybee pollination flowering stage, each booth 2 case, the florescence is pulled out maintainer later.From male sterile line plant, collect seed and obtain maternal seed.Male parent seed collecting canopy by honeybee pollination, improves seed collecting quality in flowering stage.
2 first generation of hybrid seeding techniques:
(1) strictly isolation: in production of hybrid seeds base, must take strict quarantine measures, preferably natural cover isolation, isolation distance should be more than 1500 meters.
(2) date of seeding adjustment: take male sterile line CM09 of the present invention as maternal, good inbred line 0532, carry out hybrid seeding for male parent.Because the florescence of Parent is inconsistent, when the production of hybrid seeds, in order to make Parent flower synchronization, improve seed production, need at seeding time to adjust according to the production of hybrid seeds Climate condition sowing time of Parent.
(3) field planting ratio: generally, male parent is carried out field planting with maternal according to 1:2.
(4) field management: in Jiangsu Province, general sowing mid-September, 72 hole point disk seedling growings, the direct field planting simple plastic greenhouse of 5-6 leaf rain shelter cultivation, temperature reaches 30 ℃ of surroundings when above and ventilates, and notes the timely discovery of hybrid strain and pull out before blooming.In canopy, put honeybee pollination flowering stage, each booth 2 case, the florescence is pulled out male parent system later.Strengthen the management of field damage by disease and insect.
Except above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the breeding method of precocity, the blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, take broccoli cytoplasm male sterility line as maternal, is male parent with the good and stable selfing of broccoli, obtains first-filial generation seed F1;
Step 2, by described first-filial generation seed F1 sowing, through field test, select male sterile line individual plant;
Step 3, the good and stable inbred line of described broccoli is carried out to 4-5 for backcross transformation as backcross male parent and described male sterile line individual plant, obtain cytoplasmic male sterile line, the good and stable selfing of described broccoli is its maintainer;
Step 4, take described cytoplasmic male sterile line as maternal, is male parent with the good and stable selfing of cabbage mustard, and hybridization obtains western blue a kind of sedge new varieties;
Described broccoli cytoplasm male sterility line code name CMS055, the good and stable inbred line code name 0315 of described broccoli, described cytoplasmic male sterile line code name CM09, the inbred line code name 0532 that described cabbage mustard is good and stable.
2. the breeding method of precocious, blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, during hybridization, male parent and female parent are manually shelled to flower bud or florescence bagging hybridization, after exposing column cap, the pollen of male parent is coated on maternal column cap, column cap is normally expanded.
3. the breeding method of precocious, blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, male sterile line is with corresponding maintainer with the cultivation of 1:2 ratio, and cultivation adopts rain shelter cultivation, keep ground moistening, temperature ventilates while surpassing 30 ℃; In canopy, put honeybee pollination flowering stage, each booth 2 case, the florescence is pulled out maintainer later.
4. the breeding method of precocious, blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 4, seed farm is taked quarantine measures, >=1500 meters of distances, and mid-September is selected in sowing.
5. the breeding method of precocious, blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west according to claim 4, is characterized in that: when described male parent is grown to 5-6 sheet true leaf with maternal seedling stage, in the field planting of 1:2 ratio, rain shelter cultivation, keeps ground moistening, when temperature surpasses 30 ℃, ventilates.
6. the breeding method of precocious, blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west according to claim 4, is characterized in that: during the production of hybrid seeds, and the more maternal late sowing kind of male parent 5-6 days.
7. the breeding method of precocious, blue a kind of sedge in disease-resistant west according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the florescence puts honeybee pollination in canopy, pulls out male parent after the florescence.
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| WO2018085646A1 (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-11 | Sakata Seed America, Inc. | Purple baby broccoli |
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| CN103222422B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding and the producing method for seed of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of a kind of seed selection |
| CN103975849B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-06-08 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of precocity, the breeding of disease-resistant, the pale reddish brown Broccoli of loose type and breeding method |
| CN103988775B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of precocity, disease-resistant stem breeding and the breeding method of broccoli |
| CN105145343A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-16 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Premature, disease-resistant and stress-resistant mini broccoli breeding method |
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| US5254802A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1993-10-19 | Sietske Hoekstra | Male sterile brassica plants |
| CN1565170A (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-19 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司蔬菜研究所 | Hybrid cauliflower cultivation method utilizing male sterility line |
| US8247655B2 (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2012-08-21 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Rucola plants with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) |
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