CN103222422B - Breeding and the producing method for seed of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of a kind of seed selection - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the breeding method of a Plants, the breeding method of especially late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli, belongs to plant breeding and cultivates technical field. The present invention is at the breeding phase of broccoli, not only pull out early the plant that young stem look is purple in seedling stage, select the plant of recessive character, also by above-mentioned breeding method, the plant of stealthy proterties is carried out to the selection of breeding objective correlated traits, ensure the requirement of bud look, significantly improved the quality of broccoli new varieties. For the late-maturing cold-resistant target variety of apolegamy can play fast, object accurately and efficiently. With respect to conventional breeding method, saving of labor's abridged edition, controllability is high again, can improve efficiency of selection, accelerates breeding process. Method of the present invention is accurate, simple and easy to do.

Description

Breeding and the producing method for seed of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of a kind of seed selection

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of breeding and producing method for seed of broccoli, especially a kind of late-maturing resistance toBreeding and the producing method for seed of cold broccoli, belong to plant breeding seeding technique field.

Background technology

Broccoli (BrassicaoleraceaL.var.italica) has another name called broccoli, greenCauliflower, stem cabbage etc., the green bouquet forming taking stem and side shoot top is as product, and nutrition is richRichness, color tool is good, is the international market special vegetables of a kind of name in very great demand. BroccoliNot long at China's cultivation history, breeding starting is also late, and the cultivation of broccoli is as an emerging productIndustry, although obtain the attention of governments at all levels of China and correlative study unit, up to the present,In production, the kind of application mostly is import kind, and (seed price costliness sees reference document: Zhao QianJourney. China's broccoli breeding of new variety and production application thereof. contemporary vegetables, 2006 (1):18-19). Compared with the broccoli genetic breeding advanced technology of developed country, also exist largerGap. Utilize at present the conventional method of the self incompatible line late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli cenospecies of preparationWith technology path be: according to breeding for heterosis principle, first utilize kind or the material introduced,By continuous multi-generation selfing separation, directed selection, select stable self incompatible line, thenMake cenospecies. Namely, under outdoor cropping autumn and winter condition, progeny population is carried out to fieldBetween plantation relatively, select degeneration-resistant, disease resistance is strong, bouquet rounding, bud even thickness, careful,Particularly bouquet keeps green individual plant without freeze injury, ball look, and carry out selfing to spring in next year and reserve seed for planting,Plant again to autumn and winter, select equally fine individual plant selfing to reserve seed for planting, so continuously 5-7 generationSelfing separate and directed selection, until be bred as that stable patience is strong, disease-resistant, bouquet rounding,Bud even thickness, careful, bouquet is green, and (if cold resistance is poor, bouquet is ball look at low temperaturesCan the blue commodity that just lost), the self incompatible line of high yield, recycle that these are stableSelf incompatible line carries out combining ability test. Because the selfing in per generation separates and the directed colony of selectingLarger, more easily to choose material, not only can take more test but colony is largerField, increases field and produces and management cost, and has increased the workload that field is selected, and selectsEfficiency reduces greatly.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the defect existing for prior art, proposes onePlant breeding and the producing method for seed of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of seed selection, can high efficiency incubation have strongerThe kind of cold resistance.

The present invention realizes by following basic technical scheme: the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of a kind of seed selectionBreeding method, comprises the following steps:

Step 1, seed selection female parent is pure through continuous 5 generations selfing by " holy green " broccoli kindChange, directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-3-7-2-2-1 obtaining is as female parent;

Step 2, seed selection male parent, by " plum green 90 " broccoli kind process continuous 5For selfing purifying, directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-1-3-5-5-1 obtainingAs male parent;

Step 3, cultivates cenospecies, by described maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and described fatherThis 04-1-3-5-5-1 takes space isolation, artificial pollination to breed, resisted cold,The Hybrid seed of disease-resistant, high-quality broccoli.

Further, in described selfing purifying, the directed process of selecting, the young stem of selecting and remain seedling stage isCyan plant carries out Field planting. Described cyan look number is C100M70Y100. ComeSource: " professional collocation of colour figure allusion quotation " classical color matching/similar color matching, 40-53 page, write:Zhu Lin Jun Veronica. beautiful jade (English), 2006, Chemical Industry Press publishes and distributes.

Described selfing mode is florescence in spring, the selfing of flower bud phase, and the seed after per generation selfing is autumnSeeding and seedling raising, then be colonizated in open country carry out product than qualification, therefrom filter out growth potential prosperous, disease-resistant,The individual plant that cold resistance is strong, economical character is good is reserved seed for planting. Described step 1 and step 2 are respectively the 4thAfter selfing purifying, directed selection, carry out not index of affinity mensuration of selfing, select the florescence certainlyHand over index of affinity≤1, it is pure that the fine individual plant of flower bud phase self-compatible index >=5 is proceeded selfingChange, directed selection.

The cross-breeding method of the present invention to above-mentioned late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli, comprises the following steps:

Step 1, early September, by described female parent and male parent 04-3-7-2-2-1 and04-1-3-5-5-1 seeding and seedling raising;

Step 2, in the time that seedling has 6-7 sheet leaf, described female parent and male parent are pressed to row than 1:1 field planting, every mu of total strain number of field planting is 3000 strains;

Step 3, in seedling stage to florescence, pull out do not meet parent's characteristic feature hybrid strain, a little less thanStrain;

Step 4, next mid-March in spring, cuts bouquet, stays 3 side shoots, cut spray in time after ball orSmear bactericide diseases prevention.

Step 5, every mu of florescence puts honeybee 2-3 case supple-mentary pollination;

Step 6, in the time that 70% kind of pod flavescence is withered, results in the time that morning, dew was not dry, after-ripening 2～3After it, dry, threshing, the timely airing of seed, the Yang Jing that take off.

Broccoli children in seedling stage stem is blackish green, is the recessive character that is subject to 1 pair of recessive gene control, selectsThe plant of recessive character, although can make characters of progenies easily stable, can not ensure offspring's propertyShape is necessarily by recessive gene control; The present invention is at the breeding phase of broccoli, not only in seedling stage andEarly pull out the plant that young stem look is purple, select the plant of recessive character, also by above-mentioned cultivationMethod carries out the selection of breeding objective correlated traits to the plant of stealthy proterties, ensured bud lookRequirement, significantly improves the quality of broccoli new varieties. For the late-maturing cold-resistant target variety energy of apolegamyEnough play fast, object accurately and efficiently. With respect to conventional breeding method, saving of labor's abridged edition,Controllability is high again, can improve efficiency of selection, accelerates breeding process. Method of the present invention accurately,Simple and easy to do.

Brief description of the drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, this product is further described.

Fig. 1 is the process simulation figure of one embodiment of the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment mono-

Material: holy green (source: Japanese Ye Qi seed breeding station, it is limited that seedling trade is contained in Shanghai hundred millionCompany is on sale), the green 90 (sources: Japanese Ye Qi seed breeding station, Wuhan nine-headed bird colza row has of plumSell).

The procedure schema of the present embodiment is shown in Fig. 1, specifically breeding according to the following steps:

Step 1, seed selection female parent, the initial First Year of breeding autumn by green sage broccoli sow,Cultivation, the bouquet maturity period therefrom selects that growing way is good, leaf-head rounding, disease-resistant and cold resistance is strongFine individual plant is reserved seed for planting, and carries out the florescence spring and the selfing of flower bud phase obtains seed at Second Year,By the planting seed obtaining, pull out the seedling that young stem is purple seedling stage the 3rd year autumn, and children selects and remainStem is cyan seedling and is then colonizated in land for growing field crops, normal field management. The bouquet maturity period therefromSelect good, the leaf-head rounding of growing way, the fine individual plant that disease-resistant and cold resistance is strong to reserve seed for planting, theCarry out florescence and flower bud phase selfing acquisition seed 4 year spring, autumn is again by the seed autumn obtainingSowing, then pulls out the seedling that young stem is purple seedling stage, and then the young stem of selecting and remain is cyan seedlingBe colonizated in land for growing field crops, carry out product ratio, qualification, select fine individual plant to reserve seed for planting, so continuous multi-generationSelfing purifying, directed selection, the 4th generation basic proterties stable after, carry out selfing not affineProperty mensuration, select florescence self-compatible index≤1, and flower bud phase self-compatible index >=5,And the good individual plant of proterties continues selfing purifying, directed selection, select agronomy to the 5th generationThe not close 04-3-7-2-2-1 of the selfing that shape is good, disease-resistant, cold resistance is strong, self-incompatibility is stable,This self incompatible line plant growing way is strong, the about 56cm of this parent's plant height, degree of a development 65cm left sideRight. Number of blade 16-17, blade wax powder is few. Field planting is to gathering in the crops 98 days, and single ball weighs 0.33kg,Middle bouquet, bud even thickness, green, consolidation, viral diseases and black rot. Florescence certainlyFriendship and flower bud phase self-compatible index are respectively 0.21 and 9.5. (above-mentioned selfing purifying, directed choosingThe implication of selecting, referring to this area reference book, is not launched to describe herein; Above-mentioned economical character refers to:The outer number of sheets, degree of development, plant height, leaf-head color, spherical, bud thickness, Dan Qiuchong, tightSolidity).

Step 2, seed selection male parent, by green 90 broccoli of plum of introducing by the seed selection side of step 1The stable self incompatible line that method obtains, called after 04-1-3-5-5-1, as male parent, shouldThe about 56cm of self incompatible line plant height, degree of development 68cm left and right. Number of blade 15-16, leafSheet wax powder is few, and field planting is to gathering in the crops 103 days, and single ball weighs 0.35kg, main bouquet type, main bouquetBe hemispherical, bouquet consolidation, flower bud grain is fine and closely woven, its florescence selfing and flower bud phase self-compatible indexBe respectively 0.24 and 10.2.

Step 3, cultivates cenospecies, spring in 2010, selects stable, good broccoliSelf incompatible line 04-3-7-2-2-1 and the combination of 04-1-3-5-5-1 preparing hybrid, joinMake a concerted effort to measure, through planting experimentally product ratio, it is strong, disease-resistant, resistance to that the reciprocal cross of this combination all shows growth potentialCold strong, bouquet commodity is good, and output is higher.

By the following method above-mentioned cenospecies is carried out to the production of hybrid seeds:

Step 1, early September, by father, maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and 04-1-3-5-5-1Carry out seeding and seedling raising;

Step 2, in the time that seedling has 6-7 sheet leaf, described female parent and male parent are pressed to row than 1:1 field planting, every mu of total strain number of field planting is 3000 strains;

Step 3, in seedling stage to florescence, pull out do not meet parent's characteristic feature hybrid strain, a little less thanStrain;

Step 4, next mid-March in spring, cuts bouquet, stays 3 side shoots, all will spray in time after cutting ballSpill or smear bactericide diseases prevention.

Step 5, every mu of florescence puts honeybee 2-3 case supple-mentary pollination;

Step 6, in the time that 70% kind of pod flavescence is withered, results in the time that morning, dew was not dry, after-ripening 2～3 daysAfter, dry, threshing the timely airing of seed, the Yang Jing that take off.

By above-mentioned gained broccoli new varieties, name as auspicious green No. 3, this kind in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and broccoli producing region, Shanghai Demonstration And Extension. Its Other Main Agronomic Characters and feature are as follows:

Auspicious green No. 3 plant strain growth gesture are prosperous, and cold resistance is strong, viral diseases, black rot. PlantGrowth potential is strong, plant height 65-70cm, and degree of development 72cm, siphonal lobe 17-18 sheet, the high 16cm of ball,Sphere diameter 17cm, the heavy 0.50kg of single ball left and right, bouquet flower bud grain is thin, fine and close, sphere rounding, ballLook green, and yielding ability is good. Field planting is to gathering in the crops 100d left and right. The suitable In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River autumn and winterSeason outdoor cropping.

Variety comparative test:

With the holy green kind in contrast of open country overwintering cultivation main breed, compare resultIn Table 1-table 2:

The auspicious green No. 3 multiple spots demonstration yield result in table 12011～2012

Table 2 disease resistance, cold resistance, commodity application form

Can be drawn by above-mentioned test, brought out by the present embodiment auspicious green have for No. 3 disease-resistant,The characteristics such as cold resistance is strong, output is high, commodity is good, with respect to conventional breeding method, can be largeThe large field-transplanting workload that reduces, saving of labor's abridged edition, and controllability is high, method comprehensively accurately,Simple and easy to do.

Except above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments. All employings are equal to be replacedChange or equivalent transformation form technical scheme, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a breeding method for the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of seed selection, comprises the following steps:

Step 1, seed selection female parent, passes through continuous 5 generations certainly by " holy green " broccoli kindHand over purifying, directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-3-7-2-2-1 conduct obtainingMaternal;

Step 2, seed selection male parent, by " plum green 90 " broccoli kind process continuous 5For selfing purifying, directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-1-3-5-5-1 obtainingAs male parent;

Step 3, cultivates cenospecies, by described maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and described male parent04-1-3-5-5-1 takes space isolation, artificial pollination to breed, and is resisted cold, resistsSick broccoli hybrid seed.

2. the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of seed selection according to claim 1, its feature existsIn: in described step 1 and step 2, in selfing purifying, the directed process of selecting,The young stem of selecting and remain seedling stage is cyan plant and carries out Field planting.

3. the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of seed selection according to claim 2, its feature existsIn: in described step 1 and step 2, selfing mode is florescence in spring, the selfing of flower bud phase,Seed after per generation selfing is grown seedlings in planted in fall, then be colonizated in large Tanaka carry out product than mirrorFixed, therefrom filter out the individual plant that growth potential is prosperous, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, economical character is good and reserve seed for planting.

4. the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of seed selection according to claim 3, its feature existsIn: described step 1 and step 2 respectively after the 4th generation selfing purifying, directed selection,Carry out not index of affinity mensuration of selfing, select florescence self-compatible index≤1, the selfing of flower bud phaseIndex of affinity >=5, and the good individual plant of economical character is proceeded selfing purifying, directed selection.

5. the producing method for seed of late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli according to claim 1, comprises the following steps:

Step 1, early September, by described maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and male parent04-1-3-5-5-1 seeding and seedling raising;

Step 2, in the time that seedling has 6-7 sheet leaf, compares described female parent and male parent by row1:1 field planting, every mu of total strain number of field planting is 3000 strains;

Step 3, in seedling stage to florescence, pull out do not meet parent's characteristic feature hybrid strain,Weak strain;

Step 4, next mid-March in spring, cuts bouquet, stays 3 side shoots, cuts spray in time after ballSpill or smear bactericide diseases prevention.

Step 5, every mu of florescence puts honeybee 2-3 case supple-mentary pollination;

Step 6, in the time that 70% kind of pod flavescence is withered, results in the time that morning, dew was not dry, after-ripening 2～After 3 days, dry, threshing, the timely airing of seed, the Yang Jing that take off.