CN103222422A - Breeding and seed production method for high-efficiency seed selection of late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli - Google Patents
Breeding and seed production method for high-efficiency seed selection of late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant breeding method, especially to a late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli breeding method which belongs to the field of plant breeding technology. During the breeding stage of broccoli, plants having purple caulicle are removed as soon as possible during the seedling stage, plants with recessive traits are selected, and the plants with recessive traits undergo breeding target correlated trait selection through the above breeding method. Thus, requirements on bud color are guaranteed, and quality of new varieties of broccoli is remarkably raised. The purpose of rapid, accurate and high-efficiency selective breeding of late-maturing cold-resistant target varieties can be achieved. In comparison with a routine breeding method, the plant breeding method provided by the invention can be adopted to save labor and cost, raise selection efficiency and accelerate breeding process, and has high controllability. The method provided by the invention is accurate and simple to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding and producing method for seed of broccoli, especially a kind of breeding of late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli and producing method for seed belong to plant breeding seeding technique field.
Background technology
Broccoli (B rassica oleracea L.var.italica) has another name called broccoli, broccoli, stem cabbage etc., the green bouquet that forms with stem and side shoot top is a product, nutritious, the color tool is good, is international market a kind of special vegetables in very great demand.Broccoli is not long at China's cultivation history, the breeding starting is evening also, the cultivation of broccoli is as a new industry, though obtained the attention of China governments at all levels and correlative study unit, but up to the present, the kind of using in the production mostly is the import kind, seed cost an arm and a leg (document sees reference: Zhao Qiancheng. China's broccoli breeding of new variety and production application thereof. contemporary vegetables, 2006(1): 18-19).Compare with the broccoli genetic breeding advanced technology of developed country, also have bigger gap.Utilize self incompatible line to prepare late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli crossbreed commonly used method and technology path at present to be: according to the heterosis breeding principle, utilize kind or the material of introducing earlier, by continuous multi-generation selfing separation, the directed selection, select stable self incompatible line, make crossbreed again.Just under outdoor cropping autumn and winter condition, progeny population is carried out field planting relatively, select degeneration-resistant, disease resistance is strong, the bouquet rounding, the bud even thickness, careful, particularly bouquet does not have freeze injury, the ball look keeps green individual plant, carrying out selfing to spring in next year reserves seed for planting, plant again to autumn and winter, the selfing of same selection fine individual plant is reserved seed for planting, so continuously the selfing in 5-7 generation separates and directed the selection, stable patience is strong up to breeding, disease-resistant, the bouquet rounding, the bud even thickness, careful, the bouquet green is (if cold resistance is poor, bouquet is the blue commodity that just lost of ball look meeting at low temperatures), the self incompatible line of high yield utilizes these stable self incompatible lines to carry out combining ability test again.Because the selfing in per generation separates and the directed colony of selecting is big more, the easy more material of choosing not only can take more experimental field but colony is big more, increases the field and produces and management cost, and having increased the workload that the field is selected, efficiency of selection reduces greatly.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: at the defective that prior art exists, propose the breeding and the producing method for seed of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of a kind of efficient seed selection, can high efficiency breed the kind with strong cold resistance.
The present invention realizes by following basic technical scheme: the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of a kind of efficient seed selection may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, the seed selection female parent, through continuous 5 generations selfing purifying, the directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-3-7-2-2-1 that obtains is as female parent by " holy green " broccoli kind;
Step 2, the seed selection male parent, through continuous 5 generations selfing purifying, the directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-1-3-5-5-1 that obtains is as male parent by " plum green 90 " broccoli kind;
Step 3 is cultivated crossbreed, takes distance isolation, artificial pollination to breed described maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and described male parent 04-1-3-5-5-1, is resisted cold, the Hybrid seed of disease-resistant, high-quality broccoli.
Further, in described selfing purifying, the directed process of selecting, the young stem of selecting and remain seedling stage is cyan plant and carries out the land for growing field crops field planting.Described cyan look number is C100M70Y100.The source: " professional collocation of colour figure allusion quotation " classics are joined the similar color matching of look ∕, and the 40-53 page or leaf is write: Zhu Lin Jun Veronica. beautiful jade (English), and 2006, Chemical Industry Press publishes and distributes.
Described selfing mode is florescence in spring, the selfing of flower bud phase, and the seed after per generation selfing is grown seedlings in planted in fall, is colonizated in the open country product again than evaluation, therefrom filters out growth potential individual plant prosperous, disease-resistant, that cold resistance is strong, economical character is good and reserves seed for planting.Described step 1 and step 2 after the 4th generation selfing purifying, the directed selection, are carried out not index of affinity mensuration of selfing respectively, select florescence self-compatible index≤1, and the fine individual plant of flower bud phase self-compatible index 〉=5 is proceeded selfing purifying, the directed selection.
The present invention may further comprise the steps the cross-breeding method of above-mentioned late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli:
Step 1, early September is with described female parent and male parent 04-3-7-2-2-1 and 04-1-3-5-5-1 seeding and seedling raising;
Step 2 when seedling has 6-7 sheet leaf, is pressed row than 1:1 field planting with described female parent and male parent, and every mu of total strain number of field planting is 3000 strains;
Step 3, seedling stage to flowering stage, pull out the assorted strain that does not meet parent's characteristic feature, weak strain;
Step 4 is cut bouquet next mid-March in spring, stays 3 side shoots, cuts in time to spray behind the ball or smear the bactericide diseases prevention.
Step 5 is put honeybee 2-3 case supplementary pollination at every mu of flowering stage;
Step 6 when treating that 70% kind of pod flavescence is dried up, is revealed results when dried in morning, after-ripening is after 2～3 days, dry, threshing, the timely airing of the seed of taking off, raise clean.
Broccoli seedling stage, children's stem was blackish green, was the recessive character that is subjected to 1 pair of recessive gene control, selected the plant of recessive character, though can make offspring's proterties stable easily, can not guarantee that offspring's proterties necessarily controlled by recessive gene; The present invention is at the breeding phase of broccoli, not only pull out the plant that young stem look is purple early in seedling stage, select the plant of recessive character, also by above-mentioned breeding method the plant of stealthy proterties being carried out the breeding objective correlated traits selects, guarantee the requirement of bud look, significantly improved the quality of broccoli new varieties.For the late-maturing cold-resistant target variety of apolegamy can play fast, purpose accurately and efficiently.With respect to the conventional breeding method, saving of labor's abridged edition, the controllability height can improve efficiency of selection again, accelerates breeding process.Method of the present invention is accurate, simple and easy to do.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing this product is further described.
Fig. 1 is the process simulation figure of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Material: holy green (source: the wild rugged seed breeding station of Japan, it is on sale that seedling trade Co., Ltd is contained in Shanghai hundred million), the green 90(of plum source: the wild rugged seed breeding station of Japan, Wuhan nine-headed bird colza row is on sale).
The procedure schema of present embodiment is seen Fig. 1, specifically is breeding according to the following steps:
Step 1, the seed selection female parent, breeding is sowed the green broccoli of sage, cultivate initial 1 year autumn, the bouquet maturing stage selects therefrom that growing way is good, leaf-head rounding, fine individual plant disease-resistant and that cold resistance is strong are reserved seed for planting, carried out florescence and flower bud phase selfing acquisition seed 1 year spring, seedling stage pull out seedling that young stem be purple with the planting seed that obtains the 3rd year autumn, the young stem of selecting and remain is cyan seedling and is colonizated in the land for growing field crops then, normal field management.The bouquet maturing stage therefrom selects growing way good, the leaf-head rounding, disease-resistant and the strong fine individual plant of cold resistance is reserved seed for planting, carry out florescence and flower bud phase selfing acquisition seed the 4th year spring, autumn is again with the seed planted in fall that obtains, pull out the seedling that young stem is purple then seedling stage, the young stem of selecting and remain is cyan seedling and is colonizated in the land for growing field crops then, the product ratio, identify, select fine individual plant to reserve seed for planting, continuous multi-generation selfing purifying like this, the directed selection, after in the 4th generation,, basic proterties was stable, carry out the mensuration of self-incompatibillity, select florescence self-compatible index≤1, and flower bud phase self-compatible index 〉=5, and the individual plant that proterties is good continues the selfing purifying, the directed selection, it is good to select economical character to the 5th generation, disease-resistant, cold resistance is strong, the not close 04-3-7-2-2-1 of the selfing that self-incompatibillity is stable, this self incompatible line plant growing way is strong, and the about 56cm of this parent's plant height is about degree of development 65cm.Number of blade 16-17, blade wax powder is few.Field planting is to gathering in the crops the heavy 0.33kg of single ball, middle bouquet, bud even thickness, green, consolidation, viral diseases and black rot 98 days.Florescence selfing and flower bud phase self-compatible index are respectively 0.21 and 9.5.(above-mentioned selfing purifying, the directed implication of selecting are not launched to describe referring to this area reference book herein; Above-mentioned economical character is meant: the outer number of sheets, degree of development, plant height, leaf-head color, sphere, bud thickness, heavy, the degree of packing of single ball).
Step 2, the seed selection male parent, with green 90 broccoli of plum the introduced stable self incompatible line that obtains of one selection set by step, called after 04-1-3-5-5-1, as male parent, the about 56cm of this self incompatible line plant height is about degree of development 68cm.Number of blade 15-16, blade wax powder is few, and field planting is to gathering in the crops 103 days, and single ball weighs 0.35kg, main bouquet type, main bouquet is hemispherical, the bouquet consolidation, the flower bud grain is fine and closely woven, and its florescence selfing and flower bud phase self-compatible index are respectively 0.24 and 10.2.
Step 3, cultivate crossbreed, spring in 2010, select stable, good broccoli self incompatible line 04-3-7-2-2-1 to make up with the 04-1-3-5-5-1 preparing hybrid, carry out combining ability test, through planting experimentally the product ratio, the reciprocal cross of this combination shows all that growth potential is strong, disease-resistant, cold resistance is strong, the bouquet commodity is good, and output is higher.
By the following method above-mentioned crossbreed is carried out the production of hybrid seeds:
Step 1, is carried out seeding and seedling raising with father, maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and 04-1-3-5-5-1 at early September;
Step 2 when seedling has 6-7 sheet leaf, is pressed row than 1:1 field planting with described female parent and male parent, and every mu of total strain number of field planting is 3000 strains;
Step 3, seedling stage to flowering stage, pull out the assorted strain that does not meet parent's characteristic feature, weak strain;
Step 4 is cut bouquet next mid-March in spring, stays 3 side shoots, all will in time spray or smear the bactericide diseases prevention after cutting ball.
Step 5 is put honeybee 2-3 case supplementary pollination at every mu of flowering stage;
Step 6 when treating that 70% kind of pod flavescence is dried up, is revealed results when dried in morning, after-ripening is after 2～3 days, dry, threshing, the timely airing of the seed of taking off, raise clean.
With above-mentioned gained broccoli new varieties, name and be auspicious green No. 3, this kind in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the demonstration of broccoli producing region, Shanghai promote.Its Other Main Agronomic Characters and feature are as follows:
Auspicious green No. 3 plant strain growth gesture are prosperous, and cold resistance is strong, viral diseases, black rot.The plant strain growth gesture is strong, plant height 65-70cm, and degree of development 72cm, siphonal lobe 17-18 sheet, the high 16cm of ball, sphere diameter 17cm, about the heavy 0.50kg of single ball, bouquet flower bud grain is thin, fine and close, the sphere rounding, the ball look green, and yielding ability is good.Field planting is to gathering in the crops about 100d.Area outdoor cropping autumn and winter of the suitable middle and lower reach of Yangtze River.
Variety comparative test:
With the holy green kind in contrast of open country overwintering cultivation main breed, compare, the results are shown in Table 1-table 2:
Table 1 2011～2012 auspicious green No. 3 multiple spots demonstration yield result
Table 2 disease resistance, cold resistance, commodity application form
Can draw by above-mentioned test, have characteristics such as disease-resistant, that cold resistance is strong, output is high, commodity is good auspicious green No. 3 that bring out by present embodiment, with respect to the conventional breeding method, can significantly reduce the field-transplanting workload, saving of labor's abridged edition, and controllability height, method is accurate comprehensively, simple and easy to do.
Except that above-mentioned enforcement, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of efficient seed selection may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, the seed selection female parent, through continuous 5 generations selfing purifying, the directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-3-7-2-2-1 that obtains is as female parent by " holy green " broccoli kind;
Step 2, the seed selection male parent, through continuous 5 generations selfing purifying, the directed selection, the stable self incompatible line 04-1-3-5-5-1 that obtains is as male parent by " plum green 90 " broccoli kind;
Step 3 is cultivated crossbreed, takes distance isolation, artificial pollination to breed described maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and described male parent 04-1-3-5-5-1, is resisted cold, disease-resistant broccoli hybrid seed.
2. according to the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of the described efficient seed selection of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 1 and the step 2, in selfing purifying, the directed process of selecting, the young stem of selecting and remain seedling stage is cyan plant and carries out the land for growing field crops field planting.
3. according to the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of the described efficient seed selection of claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step 1 and the step 2, the selfing mode is florescence in spring, the selfing of flower bud phase, seed after per generation selfing is grown seedlings in planted in fall, be colonizated in big Tanaka's product again than evaluation, therefrom filter out the individual plant that growth potential is prosperous, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, economical character is good and reserve seed for planting.
4. according to the breeding method of the late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of the described efficient seed selection of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described step 1 and step 2 are respectively after the 4th generation selfing purifying, the directed selection, carry out not index of affinity mensuration of selfing, select florescence self-compatible index≤1, flower bud phase self-compatible index 〉=5, and the good individual plant of economical character is proceeded selfing purifying, the directed selection.
5. according to the producing method for seed of the described late-maturing cold-resistant broccoli of claim 1, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, early September is with described maternal 04-3-7-2-2-1 and male parent 04-1-3-5-5-1 seeding and seedling raising;
Step 2 when seedling has 6-7 sheet leaf, is pressed row than 1:1 field planting with described female parent and male parent, and every mu of total strain number of field planting is 3000 strains;
Step 3, seedling stage to flowering stage, pull out the assorted strain that does not meet parent's characteristic feature, weak strain;
Step 4 is cut bouquet next mid-March in spring, stays 3 side shoots, cuts in time to spray behind the ball or smear the bactericide diseases prevention.
Step 5 is put honeybee 2-3 case supplementary pollination at every mu of flowering stage;
Step 6 when treating that 70% kind of pod flavescence is dried up, is revealed results when dried in morning, after-ripening is after 2～3 days, dry, threshing, the timely airing of the seed of taking off, raise clean.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103988775A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-20 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for breeding and cultivating early ripening disease-resistant stem broccoli |
| CN104041404A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Hybrid seed production and cultivation method for broccolis shaped like Chinese character 'Tian' |
| CN105075854A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-11-25 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding method for early-maturing and disease-resistant broccoli |
| CN105145343A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-16 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Premature, disease-resistant and stress-resistant mini broccoli breeding method |
| CN108522161A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-14 | 云南易思高生物科技有限公司 | A kind of selection of fleabane flower late variety |
| CN108966975A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-11 | 云南思农蔬菜种业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of cauliflower cuts the physical control method of ball phase prevention soft rot |
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| CN101617630A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-01-06 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Culture method of high diplont rate sporule regeneration plant of broccoli |
| CN103168681A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-06-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding method of early-ripe and disease-resistant broccolini |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101617630A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-01-06 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Culture method of high diplont rate sporule regeneration plant of broccoli |
| CN103168681A (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-06-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding method of early-ripe and disease-resistant broccolini |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103988775A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-20 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for breeding and cultivating early ripening disease-resistant stem broccoli |
| CN103988775B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of precocity, disease-resistant stem breeding and the breeding method of broccoli |
| CN104041404A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Hybrid seed production and cultivation method for broccolis shaped like Chinese character 'Tian' |
| CN105075854A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-11-25 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Breeding method for early-maturing and disease-resistant broccoli |
| CN105145343A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-16 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Premature, disease-resistant and stress-resistant mini broccoli breeding method |
| CN108522161A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-14 | 云南易思高生物科技有限公司 | A kind of selection of fleabane flower late variety |
| CN108966975A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-11 | 云南思农蔬菜种业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of cauliflower cuts the physical control method of ball phase prevention soft rot |
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