CN104813917A - Breeding method of pepper - Google Patents
Breeding method of pepper Download PDFInfo
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- CN104813917A CN104813917A CN201510187016.2A CN201510187016A CN104813917A CN 104813917 A CN104813917 A CN 104813917A CN 201510187016 A CN201510187016 A CN 201510187016A CN 104813917 A CN104813917 A CN 104813917A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of pepper. According to the method, artificial pollination is performed after artificial emasculation of the pepper, a first-filial generation is obtained firstly and then three generations are back-crossed, and then the breeding of the pepper is quickened through a tissue culture technology; a drought-resistant strain is induced through stress treatment of polyethylene glycol. The obtained pepper new product has good stress resistance, can resist the diseases such as diseases, virus diseases and anthracnose of the pepper, is low-temperature-resistant, has high weak light capacity, and organically combines the advantages of different pepper resources. The method has the advantages of superior agronomic characters, good plant growth, increased plant height, difficulty in lodging and high yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant breeding, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of capsicum.
Background technology
Pepper breeding, output is unanimously the ultimate aim that breeder pursues, but along with the expansion of planting site, its adaptability is also the factor needing to consider emphatically, and breeder will bring out that quality is good, raciness, nutrient component are high, adapts to the kind of consumer's needs.But in the past breeding men pay little attention to the breeding improving capsicum nutritive value, compared with the target such as disease-resistant, high yield, gap is larger.
In recent years, conventional breeding is applied on capsicum is not Main Means.Because it is bred as the time that a kind often will spend six or seven generations more than, progress is comparatively slow, and effect is not very desirable.Along with production development is swift and violent, conventional breeding exposed day by day goes out its limitation, but it is by requisite supplementary means important for of being still other breeding techniques.
China's pepper planting mainly faces that the harm of breed structure single, sick worm increasingly sharpens, inefficiencies, product storage property is poor, the problems such as shelf life is short, cultivate the main target that how anti-, high yield, the new quality variety of cultivating under being suitable for different ecological condition are the outer pepper breedings of Present Domestic.Yielding ability breeding, improve the breeding of quality, breeding for disease resistance, the seed selection and being suitable for that is suitable for Protectorate cultivation kind is processed and the seed selection of drying kind will become the main contents of breeding objective.
Summary of the invention
For present situation, the invention provides the breeding method of a kind of capsicum, by many generation hybridization, obtain high yield and the high kind of resistance, shortened the process of its screening by group training, then by polyethylene glycol stress process, induce drought resisting strain, the cultivation under different ecological condition can be adapted to.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A breeding method for capsicum, comprises the steps:
(1) select the capsicum variety of strong stress resistance as female parent, select capsicum variety that output is high as male parent; Selected Parent areal variation is remarkable;
(2) bloom and noon before that day artificial emasculation is carried out to female parent, measure the vitality of pollen in flowering stage and the pollination property of column cap;
(3) gather male parent male flower and collect pollen: at the fine hair place of the maximum petal in plant bottom, referring to that pollen is extruded by lid with right hand thumb, after extruding pollen, be directly used in pollination;
(4) after emasculation, the same day pollinates or pollinates every other day, and pollination time controls at 13:00 ~ 16:00 point, and the temperature of pollination controls at 18 ~ 28 DEG C, bagging process after pollination;
(5) normal management, obtains combination;
(6) combination backcrosses 3 times as male parent with the capsicum variety of strong stress resistance again, obtains backcross progeny;
(7) the backcross progeny elite plant strain that step (6) obtains is carried out secondary stem apex detoxify tissue cultures, adopt polyethylene glycol stress process more afterwards, induce drought resisting strain;
(8) elite plant strain for height drought resisting adopts meta-alkalescence solid culture medium successively, cultivates containing hormone alkaline medium, high sugared solid culture medium, high salt culture medium, for the plantlet in vitro obtained, move into greenhouse tentatively to reflect choosing, obtain elite plant strain immigration field and carry out systematic breeding;
(9) carry out strain by Main Economic SHAPE DETECTION to compare, according to above-mentioned economic character testing result, obtain capsicum improved seeds;
(10), after the capsicum improved seeds obtained in step (9) being screened by varietal yield test and production test, carry out new lines regional test, obtain capsicum new varieties.
In the breeding method of aforementioned capsicum, the male lobe of described artificial removal refers to from vexil to be the side of semicircular arc, the junction of vexil top and vexil and flower honor is clamped with tweezers, tweezers are 40 ~ 50 degree with the angle of flower lineback, then clamped by petal and all extract, the direction of exerting oneself when extracting is consistent with the direction of capsicum flower growth.
In the breeding method of aforementioned capsicum, described meta-alkalescence solid culture medium is 1/2MS medium, adds the agar of 0.4%; The pH value of described medium is 7.5.
In the breeding method of aforementioned capsicum, described is 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+NAA0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l containing hormone alkaline medium, adds the agar of 0.4%; The pH value of described medium is 7.5.
In the breeding method of aforementioned capsicum, described height sugar solid culture medium is 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+ NAA 0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l, and add the agar of 0.4% and the sucrose of 4.5%, the pH value of described medium is 7.5.
In the breeding method of aforementioned capsicum, described high salt culture medium is 1/2MS+IAA0.6 ~ 0.8mg/l
+aBT 0.3 ~ 0.5mg/l, adds the salt of 3.8%, and the pH value of described medium is 8.
Utilize the breeding method of above-mentioned capsicum, the capsicum new varieties obtained have following characteristics characteristic: plant strain growth gesture is more prosperous, and branch ability is strong, plant height 40 ~ 50 centimetres.Ripe property early, tender fruit light green, light, micro-peppery, fruit indulges 18 ~ 24 centimetres, footpath, transverse diameter 2.5 ~ 3.2 centimetres, thick 0.2 ~ 0.3 centimetre of meat, single fruit weight 30 ~ 40 grams; Variable rate technology is: drought-resistant, anti-epidemic disease, virus disease, anthracnose, brown spot.
In the breeding method of aforementioned capsicum, described artificial pollination method is artificial geitonogamy and artificial xenogamy.
Parent selected by the present invention and male parent are all commercially available.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention, by many generation hybridization, is obtained high yield and the high kind of resistance, is shortened the process of its screening, then by polyethylene glycol stress process, induce drought resisting strain by group training.The capsicum new varieties good stress resistance obtained: the multiple diseases such as the epidemic disease of anti-capsicum, virus disease and anthracnose, and low temperature resistant, low light level ability is comparatively strong, organically combines the advantage of separate sources pepper resource.Economical character is excellent: plant growing way is good, and plant height increases, but not easily lodges, and output is high.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1
A breeding method for capsicum, comprises the steps:
(1) select the capsicum variety (three-bristle cudrania green pepper No.) of strong stress resistance as maternal, select capsicum variety (lucky green pepper No. eight) that output is high as male parent;
(2) bloom and noon before that day artificial emasculation is carried out to maternal (three-bristle cudrania green pepper capsicum), measure the vitality of pollen in flowering stage and the pollination property of column cap;
The flower of artificial emasculation is carried out to the mensuration of Pollen Activity, adopt TTC solution-dyed, within every 3 hours, sample once from field 8:00 from morning, get the pollen mixing of 3 flowers, microscopy after the 1h that dyes under normal temperature condition, is dyed to peony and thinks to have vitality at every turn, count 5 visuals field, average.The vigor percentage of pollen is represented with rate of dyeing;
After measured, the Pollen Activity of capsicum used of the present invention is 98%;
Adopt aniline blue-hydrogenperoxide steam generator (1% aniline blue: 3% hydrogen peroxide: distilled water is 4:11:22) dyeing, within every 3 hours, sample once from field 8:00 from morning, get 3 flowers at every turn, get 12 flowers altogether, if the mastoid process on column cap is dyed to blueness very soon, and produce with a large amount of bubbles, illustrate that column cap has Enumerable infinite set, otherwise, then Enumerable infinite set is not had;
After measured, the Enumerable infinite set of capsicum used of the present invention is 93%;
(3) gather male parent male flower and collect pollen: at the fine hair place of the maximum petal in plant bottom, referring to that pollen is extruded by lid with right hand thumb, after extruding pollen, be directly used in pollination;
(4) pollination on the same day after emasculation, pollination time controls at 13:00 ~ 16:00 point, and the temperature of pollination controls at 18 ~ 23 DEG C, bagging process after pollination;
(5) normal management, obtains combination;
(6) combination backcrosses 3 times as male parent with the capsicum variety of strong stress resistance again, obtains backcross progeny;
(7) the backcross progeny elite plant strain that step (6) obtains is carried out secondary stem apex detoxify tissue cultures, adopt polyethylene glycol stress process more afterwards, induce drought resisting strain;
(8) for the elite plant strain of height drought resisting, first at meta-alkalescence solid culture medium, (1/2MS medium, adds the agar of 0.4%; PH is 7.5) in cultivate, cultivate 10 days, terminal bud and lateral bud redifferentiation form Multiple Buds, proceed to containing hormone alkaline medium that (1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+NAA0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l, adds the agar of 0.4%; PH value is 7.5) in cultivate, through 15 days, proceed to high sugared solid culture medium (1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+ NAA 0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l, add the agar of 0.4% and the sucrose of 4.5%, pH value is 7.5) in cultivate 20 days, Multiple Buds grows to 2 ~ 3cm, proceeds to high salt culture medium (1/2MS+IAA0.6 ~ 0.8mg/l
+aBT 0.3 ~ 0.5mg/l, adds the salt of 3.8%, and pH value is 8) carry out culture of rootage after 1 month, grow up to the plantlet in vitro of tool root and 4 ~ 6 leaves; Move into greenhouse tentatively to reflect choosing, obtain elite plant strain immigration field and carry out systematic breeding;
(9) carry out strain by Main Economic SHAPE DETECTION to compare, according to above-mentioned economic character testing result, obtain capsicum improved seeds;
(10), after the capsicum improved seeds obtained in step (9) being screened by varietal yield test and production test, carry out new lines regional test, obtain capsicum new varieties A.
New varieties A the present invention obtained and parent three-bristle cudrania green pepper No., lucky green pepper No. eight compare, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 output and degeneration-resistant, disease resistance contrast
| Kind | Output (kg/ mu) | Drought resistance | Disease resistance |
| Three-bristle cudrania green pepper No. one | 548 | Stronger | Stronger |
| Lucky green pepper No. eight | 680 | Poor | Poor |
| New varieties A | 720 | By force | By force |
Note: described output is the output of dry green pepper.
Wherein, the incidence of disease of its capsicum Common Diseases epidemic disease, virus disease and anthracnose and insect pest oriental tobacco budworm is contrasted when complete unshielded measure, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 capsicum main diseases and insect pests compares
| Kind | The epidemic disease incidence of disease/% | The virus disease incidence of disease/% | The anthracnose incidence of disease/% | Oriental tobacco budworm |
| Three-bristle cudrania green pepper No. one | 42.3 | 32.1 | 35.2 | 12.3 |
| Lucky green pepper No. eight | 52.1 | 38.8 | 45.2 | 15.4 |
| New varieties A | 23.4 | 18.5 | 21.5 | 8.7 |
As can be seen from the comparison result, the capsicum new varieties A that the present invention obtains is improved relative to its output parent, and resistance and disease resistance increase, and the incidence of disease of its capsicum Common Diseases epidemic disease, virus disease and anthracnose and insect pest oriental tobacco budworm also reduces greatly.
Embodiment 2
A breeding method for capsicum, comprises the steps:
(1) select the capsicum variety (lucky green pepper 126) of strong stress resistance as maternal, select capsicum variety (Chifeng's long red pepper) that output is high as male parent;
(2) bloom and noon before that day artificial emasculation is carried out to maternal (lucky green pepper 126 capsicum), measure the vitality of pollen in flowering stage and the pollination property of column cap;
The flower of artificial emasculation is carried out to the mensuration of Pollen Activity, adopt TTC solution-dyed, within every 3 hours, sample once from field 8:00 from morning, get the pollen mixing of 3 flowers, microscopy after the 1h that dyes under normal temperature condition, is dyed to peony and thinks to have vitality at every turn, count 5 visuals field, average.The vigor percentage of pollen is represented with rate of dyeing;
After measured, the Pollen Activity of capsicum used of the present invention is 94%;
Adopt aniline blue-hydrogenperoxide steam generator (1% aniline blue: 3% hydrogen peroxide: distilled water is 4:11:22) dyeing, within every 3 hours, sample once from field 8:00 from morning, get 3 flowers at every turn, get 12 flowers altogether, if the mastoid process on column cap is dyed to blueness very soon, and produce with a large amount of bubbles, illustrate that column cap has Enumerable infinite set, otherwise, then Enumerable infinite set is not had;
After measured, the Enumerable infinite set of capsicum used of the present invention is 95%;
(3) gather male parent male flower and collect pollen: at the fine hair place of the maximum petal in plant bottom, referring to that pollen is extruded by lid with right hand thumb, after extruding pollen, be directly used in pollination;
(4) pollination on the same day after emasculation, pollination time controls at 13:00 ~ 16:00 point, and the temperature of pollination controls at 20 ~ 28 DEG C, bagging process after pollination;
(5) normal management, obtains combination;
(6) combination backcrosses 3 times as male parent with the capsicum variety of strong stress resistance again, obtains backcross progeny;
(7) the backcross progeny elite plant strain that step (6) obtains is carried out secondary stem apex detoxify tissue cultures, adopt polyethylene glycol stress process more afterwards, induce drought resisting strain;
(8) for the elite plant strain of height drought resisting, first at meta-alkalescence solid culture medium, (1/2MS medium, adds the agar of 0.4%; PH is 7.5) in cultivate, cultivate 14 days, terminal bud and lateral bud redifferentiation form Multiple Buds, proceed to containing hormone alkaline medium that (1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+NAA0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l, adds the agar of 0.4%; PH value is 7.5) in cultivate, through 20 days, proceed to high sugared solid culture medium (1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+ NAA 0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l, add the agar of 0.4% and the sucrose of 4.5%, pH value is 7.5) in cultivate 15 days, Multiple Buds grows to 2 ~ 3cm, proceeds to high salt culture medium (1/2MS+IAA0.6 ~ 0.8mg/l
+aBT 0.3 ~ 0.5mg/l, adds the salt of 3.8%, and pH value is 8) carry out culture of rootage after 1 month, grow up to the plantlet in vitro of tool root and 4 ~ 6 leaves; Move into greenhouse tentatively to reflect choosing, obtain elite plant strain immigration field and carry out systematic breeding;
(9) carry out strain by Main Economic SHAPE DETECTION to compare, according to above-mentioned economic character testing result, obtain capsicum improved seeds;
(10), after the capsicum improved seeds obtained in step (9) being screened by varietal yield test and production test, carry out new lines regional test, obtain capsicum new varieties B.
New varieties B the present invention obtained and the lucky green pepper 126 of parent, Chifeng's long red pepper compare, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 output and degeneration-resistant, disease resistance contrast
| Kind | Output (kg/ mu) | Drought resistance | Disease resistance |
| Lucky green pepper 126 | 621 | Stronger | Stronger |
| Chifeng's long red pepper | 724 | Difference | Poor |
| New varieties B | 780 | By force | By force |
Note: described output is the output of dry green pepper.
Wherein, the incidence of disease of its capsicum Common Diseases epidemic disease, virus disease and anthracnose and insect pest oriental tobacco budworm is contrasted when complete unshielded measure, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 capsicum main diseases and insect pests compares
| Kind | The epidemic disease incidence of disease/% | The virus disease incidence of disease/% | The anthracnose incidence of disease/% | Oriental tobacco budworm |
| Lucky green pepper 126 | 32.3 | 38.1 | 30.2 | 16.3 |
| Chifeng's long red pepper | 42.8 | 42.8 | 42.2 | 24.9 |
| New varieties B | 25.8 | 21.5 | 19.5 | 10.7 |
As can be seen from the comparison result, the capsicum new varieties B that the present invention obtains is improved relative to its output parent, and resistance and disease resistance increase, and the incidence of disease of its capsicum Common Diseases epidemic disease, virus disease and anthracnose and insect pest oriental tobacco budworm also reduces greatly.
Claims (7)
1. a breeding method for capsicum, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) select the capsicum variety of strong stress resistance as female parent, select capsicum variety that output is high as male parent;
(2) bloom and noon before that day artificial emasculation is carried out to female parent, measure the vitality of pollen in flowering stage and the pollination property of column cap;
(3) gather male parent male flower and collect pollen: at the fine hair place of the maximum petal in plant bottom, referring to that pollen is extruded by lid with right hand thumb, after extruding pollen, be directly used in pollination;
(4) after emasculation, the same day pollinates or pollinates every other day, and pollination time controls at 13:00 ~ 16:00 point, and the temperature of pollination controls at 18 ~ 28 DEG C, bagging process after pollination;
(5) normal management, obtains combination;
(6) combination backcrosses 3 times as male parent with the capsicum variety of strong stress resistance again, obtains backcross progeny;
(7) the backcross progeny elite plant strain that step (6) obtains is carried out secondary stem apex detoxify tissue cultures, adopt polyethylene glycol stress process more afterwards, induce drought resisting strain;
(8) elite plant strain for height drought resisting adopts meta-alkalescence solid culture medium successively, cultivates containing hormone alkaline medium, high sugared solid culture medium, high salt culture medium, for the plantlet in vitro obtained, move into greenhouse tentatively to reflect choosing, obtain elite plant strain immigration field and carry out systematic breeding;
(9) carry out strain by Main Economic SHAPE DETECTION to compare, according to above-mentioned economic character testing result, obtain capsicum improved seeds;
(10), after the capsicum improved seeds obtained in step (9) being screened by varietal yield test and production test, carry out new lines regional test, obtain capsicum new varieties.
2. the breeding method of a kind of capsicum as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the male lobe of described artificial removal refers to from vexil to be the side of semicircular arc, the junction of vexil top and vexil and flower honor is clamped with tweezers, tweezers are 40 ~ 50 degree with the angle of flower lineback, then clamped by petal and all extract, the direction of exerting oneself when extracting is consistent with the direction of capsicum flower growth.
3. the breeding method of a kind of capsicum as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described meta-alkalescence solid culture medium is 1/2MS medium, adds the agar of 0.4%; The pH value of described medium is 7.5.
4. the breeding method of a kind of capsicum as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described is 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+NAA0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l containing hormone alkaline medium, adds the agar of 0.4%; The pH value of described medium is 7.5.
5. the breeding method of a kind of capsicum as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described height sugar solid culture medium is 1/2MS+6-BA1.0 ~ 1.2mg/l+ NAA 0.4 ~ 0.5mg/l, and add the agar of 0.4% and the sucrose of 4.5%, the pH value of described medium is 7.5.
6. the breeding method of a kind of capsicum as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described high salt culture medium is 1/2MS+IAA0.6 ~ 0.8mg/l
+aBT 0.3 ~ 0.5mg/l, adds the salt of 3.8%, and the pH value of described medium is 8.
7. the breeding method of a kind of capsicum as described in any one of claim 1 ~ 6, is characterized in that, the described capsicum new varieties obtained have following characteristics characteristic: plant strain growth gesture is more prosperous, and branch ability is strong, plant height 40 ~ 50 centimetres; Ripe property early, tender fruit light green, light, micro-peppery, fruit indulges 18 ~ 24 centimetres, footpath, transverse diameter 2.5 ~ 3.2 centimetres, thick 0.2 ~ 0.3 centimetre of meat, single fruit weight 30 ~ 40 grams; Variable rate technology is: drought-resistant, anti-epidemic disease, virus disease, anthracnose, brown spot.
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| CN201510187016.2A CN104813917B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | A kind of breeding method of Fructus Capsici |
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| CN201510187016.2A CN104813917B (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | A kind of breeding method of Fructus Capsici |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105284598A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-03 | 南丹县农业局 | Purification and rejuvenation method for long-horn hot pepper variety |
| CN110073915A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-08-02 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving capsicum resistance |
| CN113906996A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-11 | 郭玉环 | Blood sugar reducing pepper breeding method |
| CN114051924A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-18 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Breeding method of blood sugar reducing pepper |
| CN114868646A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-09 | 徐州院博辣椒产业技术研究院有限公司 | Method for breeding pepper variety |
| CN115250904A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-01 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | Breeding method of high-pigment pepper |
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| WO2010025297A2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Inc. | Hybrid pepper plants resulting from a cross between c. annuum and c. pubescens |
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| CN103262784A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-08-28 | 江西省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Breeding method of very early chili inbred line |
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| WO2010025297A2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Inc. | Hybrid pepper plants resulting from a cross between c. annuum and c. pubescens |
| CN102499054A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-06-20 | 潘德清 | Method for production of sweet pepper hybrid seeds |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284598A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-03 | 南丹县农业局 | Purification and rejuvenation method for long-horn hot pepper variety |
| CN110073915A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-08-02 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving capsicum resistance |
| CN113906996A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-01-11 | 郭玉环 | Blood sugar reducing pepper breeding method |
| CN114051924A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-18 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Breeding method of blood sugar reducing pepper |
| CN114868646A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-09 | 徐州院博辣椒产业技术研究院有限公司 | Method for breeding pepper variety |
| CN115250904A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-01 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | Breeding method of high-pigment pepper |
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| CN104813917B (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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