CN109601370B - Cascade selection method suitable for breeding new tobacco strain - Google Patents
Cascade selection method suitable for breeding new tobacco strain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cascade selection method suitable for breeding new tobacco strains, which comprises the steps of first cascade target characters, namely disease resistance characters, second cascade target characters, namely growth and morphological characters of tobacco plants, third cascade target characters, namely stress resistance, insect resistance, fertilizer resistance and economic characters, and fourth cascade target characters, namely high quality, wide adaptability and good stability, wherein the cascade selection is sequentially carried out on hybrid progeny materials according to the 4 cascade characters and the performance characteristics of the hybrid progeny materials in each hybrid generation. By adopting the method, the workload of breeding personnel can be greatly reduced, the material resources and financial resources are saved, and the selection efficiency and the breeding efficiency of the tobacco cross breeding progeny are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco breeding, and particularly relates to a step selection method suitable for breeding new tobacco strains.
Background
Tobacco is used as a main raw material of cigarettes and is an important economic crop in China, and tobacco varieties are the basis of tobacco leaf production, so that the cultivation of new tobacco varieties has important significance for the tobacco leaf production. At present, the overall goal of breeding new tobacco varieties can be summarized as "high quality, multiple resistance, high yield, high efficiency and wide adaptability", wherein each item corresponds to a plurality of specific characters, and relates to various aspects such as resistance to different tobacco plant diseases and insect pests, growth characters of tobacco plants, morphological characters of tobacco plants, economic characters, appearance quality, chemical components, physical characteristics, sensory quality of evaluation, usability of cigarette industry, stress resistance, fertilizer resistance, adaptability, stability and the like.
The breeding method for realizing the tobacco breeding target comprises systematic breeding, crossbreeding, heterosis utilization and the like, wherein the crossbreeding method is always the main method. The breeding process of crossbreeding includes the steps of establishing breeding target, selecting parents to allocate hybrid (hybrid F1), selfing hybrid to form hybrid F2 generation segregating population, selecting target-meeting single plants from the hybrid progeny segregating population to form plant line, identifying plant line and selecting excellent plant from the excellent line until stable line (F3-F5 generation), comparing line, multi-year multi-point identification of excellent line, national region test and examination of excellent line. At present, for the treatment of hybrid progeny population, the conventional method of a breeding unit is that firstly, agronomic characters (including characters such as growth vigor, plant type, plant height, leaf number, pitch and the like) are selected for a segregating generation population (generally F2-F5 generation) of hybrid progeny in a normal land until the characters are stable to form a stable line, then, economic character identification is carried out through a line comparison test, finally, disease resistance character identification and quality character identification are carried out on excellent lines screened out through the economic character identification, and then, the screened high-quality disease resistance lines are recommended to participate in national regional tests. The selection method for hybrid progeny materials has at least the following three problems: one is that the disease resistance is identified too late. Generally, the identification of disease resistance is performed after stable lines are formed by hybrid progeny materials, and even after the economic trait identification is performed on the stable lines. After the disease resistance identification generation is too late, the method causes heavy burden on long-term planting of unknown disease resistance materials, and finally, the disease resistance materials cannot be eliminated, so that the energy, material resources and financial resources are wasted. And the selection of the growth character and the morphological character of the tobacco plant is neglected. Long-term tobacco breeding practices show that the growth traits and morphological traits of tobacco plants are closely related to the warm-heat conditions, rain conditions and ventilation and light transmission states of tobacco leaves at all parts of the tobacco plants during growth and maturation, so that the adaptability of new strains is influenced, and the easy modulation, economic traits and quality traits of the tobacco leaves are also directly related. Unfortunately, in the segregating generation of the hybrid progeny, the technicians of the breeding unit often simply select only a few traits such as growth vigor, plant type, plant height, leaf number and pitch, and for other numerous tobacco plants, the growth traits and morphological traits are observed in the line comparison test of later generations or after the lines are formed, and are treated as the botanical characteristics of new lines, and the growth traits and morphological traits of the tobacco plants are not linked with the early selection of breeding materials. And thirdly, burden is heavy and workload is large. At present, technicians of a breeding unit do not select disease resistance and most of tobacco plant growth traits and morphological traits in the early generation of the hybrid progeny segregating generation, but select in the hybrid progeny segregating generation group (generally F2-F5 generation) according to the expression of a few traits such as tobacco plant growth potential, plant type, plant height, leaf number, pitch and the like, on one hand, the number of selected materials is increased, the occupied land area is increased, and the workload is increased; on the other hand, since the agronomic characteristics of tobacco such as growth vigor, plant height, leaf number, pitch, etc. belong to the quantitative trait inheritance of polygene control, the selection efficiency is also liable to be low. The cross breeding time is long, from the combination of hybrid to the production demonstration, the time is generally 9-12 years, the longest time is 15-16 years, once the finally selected strain is eliminated due to poor disease resistance, low economic efficiency or poor quality and adaptability, the previous work is abandoned, and the effort of more than 10 years is paid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a step selection method suitable for breeding new tobacco strains, which can obviously improve the selection efficiency and breeding efficiency of tobacco crossbreeding progeny.
The step selection method suitable for the breeding of the new tobacco strain comprises the following steps:
first-step target trait selection: selecting disease resistance traits by taking F2 generation seeds obtained by selfing hybrid F1 generation as starting materials; the disease-resistant trait is selected from one or more of black shank resistance, bacterial wilt resistance, root black rot resistance, root knot nematode resistance, wildfire resistance, angular leaf spot resistance, powdery mildew resistance, climatic spot disease resistance, brown spot disease resistance, common mosaic virus disease resistance, cucumber mosaic virus disease resistance and potato virus Y resistance; the duration of the disease-resistant trait selection comprises at least one tobacco growing season, and at least one disease-resistant trait can be identified in each tobacco growing season;
and (3) second-step target trait selection: the progeny seeds obtained by the first step target character selection are sown and cultured in a single plant mode in the tobacco growing season, after the seedlings are formed, the single seedlings are planted in a plant row mode in a field in a single plant mode, and the tobacco plant growing character and the tobacco plant morphological character selection are carried out; the growth traits of the tobacco plants comprise the rising speed of the tobacco plants, the growth potential of field, the growth potential of axillary buds, the cluster type, the blooming stage of central flowers, the flat top stage, the maturation stage of bottom leaves, the maturation stage of upper leaves, the days from transplanting to topping, the days of the growth stage of field and the maturation speed of leaves, and the morphological traits of the tobacco plants comprise the typical characteristics of the tobacco of the type, plant height, thickness of stems, total number of leaves, number of extractable leaves, distribution uniformity of leaves, pitch spacing, leaf shape, leaf size, opening potential of upper leaves, thickness of leaves, leaf color, smoothness or shrinkage degree of leaves, mesophyll tissue or roughness degree, flexibility of leaves, thickness of main veins of leaves, ratio of stems/leaves, leaf maturation uniformity, leaf maturity, leaf angle, the distance of the uppermost end extractable leaf rooting point from central flowers and the number of branches;
third-step target trait selection: mixing the seeds of the single plant obtained by the second step target character selection according to plant rows to form strains, dividing each strain of seeds into two parts, respectively sowing and raising the seedlings in the tobacco growing season, wherein the tobacco seedlings of one part of seeds are transplanted into a field for seed reproduction after becoming seedlings, and the tobacco seedlings of the other part of seeds are transplanted into the field for economic character selection after becoming seedlings; the economic traits comprise single leaf weight, yield, output value, average price, first-class tobacco proportion and first-class tobacco proportion;
fourth-step target trait selection: performing multi-point tests for years on each strain obtained by selecting the third-step target characters, and further performing quality character, adaptability and stability selection; the quality traits comprise the appearance quality, chemical components, physical characteristics, sensory evaluation quality and cigarette industrial usability of the modulated tobacco leaves, the adaptability comprises the environmental adaptation range of the new strain and the adaptation degree in a certain environmental range, and the stability comprises the stability of the quality traits of the tobacco leaves and the stability of the economic traits of the tobacco leaves.
Further, a standard susceptible variety and a standard disease-resistant variety are set as a control in the identification of the black shank resistance, the bacterial wilt resistance and the root black rot resistance, the resistance performances of the standard susceptible variety and the standard disease-resistant variety are taken as references, the disease-resistant grade of the identification material is divided into 6 grades of immunity, high resistance, medium sensation, sensation and high sensation, and the identification materials of medium resistance, high resistance and immunity are selected to be subjected to character selection in the next link.
Further, when the disease resistance trait identification variety in the first-step target trait selection is more than that required by a breeding target, backup is required to be reserved for seeds and required tobacco seedlings required by each tobacco growing season; when the tobacco seedlings do not have corresponding disease resistance characters during identification, the backup tobacco seedlings are used for transplanting so as to continuously identify other disease resistance characters; when the tobacco plant dies due to the pathogen infection in the disease nursery, the current season backup seeds are used for continuously carrying out the identification of other disease-resistant characters in the next growing season.
Further, when all twelve disease resistance traits are required as species for breeding purposes, the first-step selection for the target traits is performed according to the following steps:
step a: sowing seeds of F2 generations obtained by selfing hybrid F1 generations in a greenhouse seedbed, inoculating and identifying the resistance to the wildfire disease in the seedling stage, then transplanting the screened seedlings or backup tobacco seedlings with the resistance to the wildfire disease into a black shank disease garden, sequentially identifying the resistance to the blackleg, the resistance to the common mosaic disease, the resistance to the climatic spot disease, the resistance to root-knot nematodes and the resistance to the brown spot disease, finally selfing the selected tobacco plants during flowering to obtain seeds of the hybrid F3 generations, and harvesting the seeds according to single plants;
step b: sowing seeds of F3 generation in a greenhouse seedbed, identifying angular leaf spot resistance in the seedling stage, then transplanting the screened angular leaf spot-resistant seedlings or backup tobacco seedlings into a bacterial wilt disease nursery, sequentially identifying bacterial wilt resistance, cucumber mosaic disease resistance, climatic spot disease resistance, root-knot nematode resistance and red spot disease resistance, and finally selfing the selected tobacco plants during flowering to obtain hybrid seeds of F4 generation, and harvesting according to single plants;
step c: sowing seeds of F4 generation in a greenhouse seedbed, identifying powdery mildew resistance in the seedling stage, transplanting the screened powdery mildew-resistant seedlings or backup tobacco seedlings into a root black rot disease nursery, sequentially identifying the root black rot resistance, potato Y disease resistance and climatic spot disease resistance, selfing the selected tobacco plants during flowering to obtain hybrid seeds of F5 generation, and harvesting according to single plants.
Further, when the species required by the breeding target in the first-step target character selection are all twelve disease-resistant characters, in the first-step target character selection, powdery mildew resistance, wildfire resistance and angular leaf spot resistance are identified by spraying inoculation on seedlings of about 8 weeks old on a seedbed, black shank resistance, bacterial wilt resistance and root black rot resistance are identified by a disease nursery, common mosaic virus resistance, cucumber mosaic virus resistance and potato Y virus resistance are identified by a tender leaf friction virus inoculation method, climatic spot disease resistance is identified by a field investigation natural disease condition method, and root knot nematode resistance and brown spot disease resistance are identified by an in-vitro leaf method.
Further, the single plant of each strain is directly selected for the disease resistance character.
Further, the tobacco with the characteristic features of the type in the second step target character selection is advanced to the step a; the characteristics of the smooth or shriveling degree of the leaf surface, the fine or rough degree of the mesophyll tissue, the thickness of the main vein of the leaf and the stem/leaf ratio in the second step target characteristic selection are advanced to the step b or the step c; and C, advancing the plant type, the thickness of the stems, the distribution uniformity of the leaves, the leaf shape, the leaf color, the stem leaf angle, the distance between the uppermost leaf picking implantation point and the central flower, the rising speed of the tobacco plant, the growth potential of the axillary buds and the number of tobacco branches in the second step target character selection to the step c.
Further, the third-step target character selection also comprises selection of stress resistance characters, insect resistance characters and fertilizer resistance characters, wherein the stress resistance characters comprise lodging resistance, waterlogging resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance, and the insect resistance characters comprise tobacco aphid resistance, tobacco whitefly resistance and tobacco budworm resistance.
Further, the hybrid F1 generation can be derived from single cross, triple cross, double cross or compound cross.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a cascade selection method suitable for breeding new tobacco strains, which decomposes the breeding target traits into 4 cascade traits which are realized in sequence according to the genetic characteristics of the specific breeding target traits and the realization difficulty thereof, firstly, the first cascade target trait, namely the disease resistance trait, is selected for hybrid progeny materials, in the process of selecting the first cascade target trait, the selection pressure of disease stress is utilized, the number of the selected materials of later generations in the hybrid progeny can be greatly reduced, then, the second cascade target trait, namely the growth trait and the morphological trait of tobacco plants are selected for the selected hybrid progeny materials, and the growth trait and the morphological trait of the tobacco plants are closely related to the warm condition, the rain condition and the ventilation and light transmission state of tobacco leaves at each part of the tobacco plants when the tobacco leaves grow and mature, thereby influencing the adaptability of the new tobacco strains, and are directly related to the easy controllability of the tobacco leaves, Economic character and quality character, through the selection of tobacco plant growth character and morphological character, can eliminate a large amount of material which obviously has no breeding variety prospect, further greatly reduce the number of selected material in the middle and later generations of hybrid progeny. Therefore, the method can greatly reduce the workload of middle and later generations of breeding personnel, greatly reduce the test land area occupied by breeding materials, and greatly save manpower, material resources and financial resources.
(2) The cascade selection method suitable for breeding the new tobacco strain is characterized in that according to the genetic characteristics of specific breeding target characters and the difficulty degree of realizing the genetic characteristics, the breeding target characters are decomposed into 4 cascade characters which are realized in sequence, the performance characteristics of hybrid progeny materials in tobacco crossbreeding in each hybrid generation are combined, the hybrid progeny materials are subjected to cascade selection in sequence, a batch of materials resisting different diseases can be obtained through the selection of the first cascade target characters, a batch of disease-resistant materials which are suitable for tobacco plant growth and ideal in plant type and have the potential of breeding into varieties can be obtained through the selection of the second cascade target characters, a batch of disease-resistant strains which are excellent in anti-adversity, anti-insect, fertilizer-resistant or yield economic characters, suitable for growth period and ideal in plant type can be obtained through the selection of the fourth cascade target characters, and high quality, high yield and high yield can be obtained through the selection of the fourth cascade target characters, The resistant strain has wide adaptability, good stability, outstanding comprehensive agronomic characters and economic characters and obvious breeding prospect. Therefore, the method can ensure that the selection of each stage can realize partial indexes in the breeding target so as to gradually realize the whole breeding target, and the materials selected in each selection stage can be used as breeding intermediate materials, so that the heart blood is not wasted for many years, and the selection efficiency and the breeding efficiency of the tobacco cross breeding progeny can be obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The cascade selection method suitable for breeding the new tobacco strain adopts a conventional crossbreeding method to breed the new strain, and adopts the following principle to select the hybrid progeny population:
(1) the target characters which are easy to realize are arranged in the early generation of the hybrid offspring as much as possible for selection, and the target characters which are difficult to realize are arranged in the later generation of the hybrid offspring for selection; (2) the target characters controlled by single gene, little gene or major gene, namely the target characters with stronger heritability such as disease resistance characters, are arranged in the early generation of the hybrid progeny as much as possible for selection, and the target characters controlled by micro-effective multiple gene, namely the target characters with weaker heritability such as quality characters, are arranged in the later generation of the hybrid progeny for selection; (3) the target characters such as tobacco plant growth characters and morphological characters which can be detected only by simple field measurement and observation without modulation are arranged in the early generation of hybrid progeny as much as possible for selection, and the target characters such as economic characters which can be detected only by a certain scale of population and modulation are arranged in the later generation of hybrid progeny for selection; (4) the target trait identified and evaluated by a single-point test is selected at an earlier generation of hybrid progeny as much as possible, and the target trait identified and evaluated by a multi-point test is selected at a later generation as much as possible.
According to the principle, the specific characters related to the breeding target are graded according to the hereditary features of each specific character and the realization difficulty, namely, the specific characters are decomposed into 4 graded characters with the following realization sequences:
first-step target trait: mainly has disease resistance, including root disease resistance, leaf surface disease resistance and virus disease resistance, wherein the root disease specifically comprises black shank, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease and root black rot, the leaf surface disease specifically comprises brown spot, powdery mildew, wildfire disease, angular leaf spot and climatic spot, and the virus disease specifically comprises common mosaic virus (TMV) disease, Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) disease and Potato Virus Y (PVY) disease.
Second-step target trait: the tobacco plant growth traits comprise the tobacco plant growth traits and the tobacco plant morphological traits, wherein the tobacco plant growth traits specifically comprise the tobacco plant rising speed, the field growth vigor, the axillary bud growth vigor, the cluster stage, the vigorous growth stage, the bud stage, the central flower open stage, the flat stage, the footing leaf mature stage, the upper leaf mature stage, the days from transplanting to topping, the days of the field growth stage and the leaf maturation speed, and the tobacco plant morphological traits specifically comprise the typical characteristics of the tobacco plant, the plant type, the plant height, the stem thickness, the total leaf number, the number of collectable leaves, the leaf distribution uniformity, the pitch spacing, the leaf shape, the leaf size, the upper leaf stripping potential, the leaf thickness, the leaf color, the leaf surface smoothness or shrinkage degree, the leaf tissue or roughness degree, the leaf flexibility, the leaf main vein thickness, the stem/leaf ratio size, the leaf surface maturation uniformity, the leaf blade maturity, the leaf angle, the leaf harvesting point distance from the uppermost end to the central flower, The number of branches of the cigarette.
Third-step target trait: including stress resistance, insect resistance, fertilizer resistance and economic characters. Considering that the breeding goal does not require the variety to have stress resistance, insect resistance and fertilizer resistance, the third-step goal trait mainly refers to the economic trait in the breeding scheme. The economic traits specifically comprise single leaf weight, producibility, yield value, average price, first-grade tobacco proportion and second-grade tobacco proportion.
Fourth-step target trait: the tobacco quality control method comprises quality traits, adaptability and stability, wherein the quality traits specifically comprise the appearance quality, chemical components, physical characteristics, sensory evaluation quality and cigarette industrial availability of the modulated tobacco, the adaptability specifically comprises the environmental adaptation range of the new strain and the adaptation degree in a certain environmental range, and the stability specifically comprises the stability of the tobacco quality traits and the stability of the tobacco economic traits.
According to the specific breeding target characters of the 4 steps, the specific target characters of the tobacco breeding are divided into 4 implementation stages to select the hybrid F2 generation group and the hybrid progeny materials of the later generations by combining the performance characteristics of the hybrid progeny materials in each hybrid generation in the tobacco cross breeding, namely, the step selection is carried out.
Example 1: breeding of new flue-cured tobacco strain HB1604
1. And (3) establishing a breeding target:
aiming at the ecological and production conditions of the Hubei tobacco region, the method is characterized by overcoming K326 susceptible TMV used in the production of flue-cured tobacco, breeding a new variety of flue-cured tobacco with excellent quality, black shank resistance, bacterial wilt resistance and common mosaic virus (TMV) resistance, and good economic character and stable yield, and is suitable for large-area planting in the Hubei tobacco region.
2. Selecting parents:
according to breeding targets, the following 2 parents are selected to participate in hybridization, and the characteristic characteristics are as follows:
high-quality parent K326: the high-quality American-variety is introduced, the quality of the high-quality American-variety is excellent, the plant is cylindrical, the topping plant height is 99.7cm, the number of effective leaves is 23, the pitch is 4.3cm, the stem circumference is 8cm, the waist leaves are oblong, the leaf surfaces are wrinkled, the growth period of the field is 110 days, the high-quality American-variety is fertilizer-resistant and easy to bake, the yield per mu is about 150 kg, and the high-quality American-variety can resist black shank, bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode, and is easy to feel common mosaic disease, alternaria alternate and climatic spot disease.
Resistant parent Coker 176: the American variety is introduced, the tobacco leaf quality is general, the plant type tower type and the topping plant height
102.7cm, 20 effective leaves, 6.0cm pitch, 10cm stem circumference, oblong waist leaf and wrinkled leaf surface. The field growth period is 121 days. The tobacco leaves are resistant to being cured and easy to be baked. Immunization to TMV, and resistance to blackleg, bacterial wilt, climate spot, CMV and PVY.
3. Preparing a hybridization combination:
in the test base of the tobacco science research institution in Hubei province of Richuan city in Hubei province in 2012, a high-quality variety K326 is taken as a female parent, resistant germplasm Coker176 is taken as a male parent, and a hybrid combination K326 multiplied by Coker176 is prepared to obtain a single cross combination F1 generation seed. In the same winter, in the south breeding base of tobacco science research institute of Hubei province of Sublin province of Hainan province, 20 plants of F1 generation seeds of the single cross combination K326 multiplied by Coker176 are planted, 2-3 plants of the single plant with strong growth vigor are selected for selfing during flowering to obtain F2 generation seeds of the single cross combination, and the seeds are mixed to be used as seeds for selection in the next season.
4. Step selection:
(1) first step target trait selection
As the breeding target of the scheme only requires that the bred new strain has partial disease resistance, namely only black shank, bacterial wilt and TMV resistance, in order to save time and workload, the sequence of identification of each disease resistance is arranged according to the breeding target requirement and the important degree and genetic characteristics of different disease resistance traits.
In 3 months in 2013, 500 seeds of F2 generation with a single cross combination of K326 x Coker176 are sown and cultured on a greenhouse seedbed in a test base of a tobacco science research institute in Hubei province, the seedlings are transplanted to a black shank disease garden after forming, black shank resistance is identified, a disease-sensitive control variety Hongdao and a disease-resistant control variety Yunyan 317 are planted at the same time, and the disease condition is investigated before the flowering period. In order to facilitate the continuous and sufficient recombination of disease-resistant genes, the selection strength is properly relaxed, the disease-resistant grades of the tobacco plants after the hybrid generation are roughly classified into 6 grades of immunity, high resistance, medium sensation, sensation and high sensation by taking the resistance expressions of susceptible varieties and disease-resistant varieties as references, and 308 tobacco plants with medium resistance to high resistance or immunity are selected. Meanwhile, after transplanting for 4 weeks, identifying the resistance of the common mosaic virus by using TMV virus juice and adopting a young leaf rubbing virus inoculation method, observing the pathological change condition after 5 weeks, and selecting 324 common mosaic virus resistant tobacco plants. 127 tobacco strains capable of resisting black shank and common mosaic virus are selected. The selected 127 tobacco plants were selfed at flowering to obtain hybrid F3 generation seeds, and the seeds were harvested as individual plants.
In 2 months of 2014, 127F 3 seeds were sown and raised in the greenhouse seedbed of the experimental base separately, and 30 seeds were raised per single plant. Transplanting the mature seedlings into a bacterial wilt disease nursery to identify bacterial wilt resistance, planting a disease-susceptible control variety Boehmeria flava and a disease-resistant control variety DB101, and investigating the disease condition before the flowering period. The disease resistance grades of the F3 tobacco plants are roughly classified into 6 grades of immunity, high resistance, medium sensation, sensation and high sensation by taking the resistance performances of susceptible varieties and disease-resistant varieties as references, and 1084 tobacco plants with medium resistance or high resistance or immunity are selected. Meanwhile, after transplanting for 4 weeks, identifying the resistance of the common mosaic virus by using TMV virus juice and adopting a young and tender leaf friction virus inoculation method, observing the pathological change condition after 5 weeks, and selecting a tobacco plant 2951 resisting the common mosaic virus. And (3) selecting 672 tobacco plants which resist bacterial wilt and common mosaic virus simultaneously, selfing the selected 672 tobacco plants during flowering to obtain hybrid F4 generation seeds, and harvesting seeds according to single plants.
(2) Second step target trait selection
In 2015, 2 months, 672 strains of F4 seeds are sown and cultured in a greenhouse seedbed of a test base in a single plant mode, and 15 strains of tobacco seedlings are planted in each single plant. After seedlings are grown, 672 individual seedlings are planted in a field to 672 plant rows (namely plant lines), the growth characters and morphological characters of tobacco plants are comprehensively identified, 37 plant lines with appropriate growth characters and morphological characters of the tobacco plants are screened out, then 2-3 individual plants with more ideal growth characters and morphological characters of the tobacco plants are selected in each selected plant line, selfing is carried out during flowering, and single plant seeds are mixed according to the plant lines to form the plant lines;
(3) third step target trait selection
In 2016 for 3 months, dividing seeds of 37 strains into 2 parts, respectively sowing and raising seedlings on a greenhouse seedbed of a test base, wherein 1 part of tobacco seedlings of the seeds are transplanted into a field for seed reproduction after becoming seedlings, the other 1 part of tobacco seedlings of the seeds are transplanted into the field after becoming seedlings, repeating for 3 times, and carrying out economic character identification comparison tests on each strain by taking a variety Yunyan 87 which is generally planted in production as a contrast, wherein the results show that 5 strains have proper yield and other economic character indexes are comprehensively evaluated to exceed the reference variety Yunyan 87, and the seeds are respectively given with codes HB1601, HB1602, HB1603, HB1604 and HB1605, and the corresponding strains are reserved for self-breeding in a seed reproduction field.
(4) Fourth step target trait selection
In 2017 and 2018, new strains HB1601, HB1602, HB1603, HB1604 and HB1605 are set in Xuan, Lichuan, Ba Dong, Xingshan, bamboo mountain and Baokang in Hubei province respectively, quality traits, adaptability and stability of each strain are identified by taking Yunyan 87 which is a commonly planted variety in production as economic traits and adaptability contrast and taking a high-quality variety K326 as tobacco quality contrast, appearance qualities, chemical components, physical characteristics and sensory evaluation quality identification are carried out on baked tobacco samples each year, and the adaptability of each strain and the stability of the tobacco quality traits and the economic traits are statistically analyzed. Through comprehensive evaluation, strain HB1604 with outstanding quality and character, wide adaptability and good stability is screened out, and the strain is promoted to participate in regional tests of national tobacco varieties in 2019.
4. Characteristic characteristics of bred new strain HB1604
The new strain HB1604 plant is of a tower type, the height of the topping plant is 112.9cm, the effective leaf number is 22, the pitch is 5.7cm, the stem circumference is 10.2cm, the waist leaves are oblong, the leaf surfaces are wrinkled, the mesophyll is delicate, and the growth period of the field is 114 days; the tobacco leaves are ripe and easy to bake, the yield per mu is 158.2 kg, the yield is proper, the average price, the first-class tobacco proportion and the yield per mu are all higher than those of the control Yunyan tobacco 87, and the economic characters are outstanding; most of the baked tobacco leaves are orange, the thickness is moderate, the oil content is high, the luster is strong, and the tissues are loose; the content of various chemical components is proper, the proportion is coordinated, and the grade of the quality of the smoke panel test is on the middle level; high resistance to mosaic virus, black shank and bacterial wilt.
Example 2 Breeding of New flue-cured tobacco line HB1618
1. And (3) formulating a breeding target:
aiming at the ecological and production conditions of the Hubei tobacco region, the method is mainly characterized by overcoming the susceptibility of bacterial wilt and TMV of Yunyan tobacco 87 used in the production of flue-cured tobacco, and breeding a new variety of flue-cured tobacco which has excellent quality, black shank resistance, bacterial wilt resistance and common mosaic virus (TMV) resistance, good economic character and stable yield and is suitable for large-area planting in the Hubei tobacco region.
2. Selecting parents:
according to breeding targets, the following 3 parents are selected to participate in hybridization, and the characteristic characteristics are as follows:
high-quality parent Coker371 Gold: the American high-quality variety is introduced, the American high-quality variety is excellent in quality, the plant is in a plant tower shape, the topping plant height is 101.7cm, the effective leaf number is 17, the pitch is 5.6cm, the stem circumference is 9cm, the waist leaves are oblong, the leaf surfaces are wrinkled, the American high-quality variety is transplanted to a central flower for 54 days, the whole growth period is 178 days, tobacco leaves are easy to bake, the yield is low, and the American high-quality variety is resistant to black shank, is susceptible to bacterial wilt, is susceptible to root-knot nematode, tobacco common mosaic disease and alternaria alternate.
Adaptive parent yunyan 87: the plant type tube type tobacco is a common cultivation variety in production, has wide adaptability, moderate and upward tobacco leaf quality, plant type tube type, topping plant height of 114 cm, field growing leaf number of 26 and effective leaf number of 19; the waist leaves are oblong, the leaves are wrinkled, the leaves are dark green, the flower branches are few, the pitch is 6.0cm, and the leaves are uniformly distributed up and down; the tobacco leaves are ripe and easy to bake, the economic characters are prominent, and the tobacco leaves can resist black shank and root-knot nematode, and can resist bacterial wilt, brown spot and general mosaic virus diseases.
Resistant parent sapphire No. 1: the tobacco is bred by Fujian province tobacco company, the tobacco is general in quality, cylindrical in shape, 94.8cm in height of a topping plant, 9.78cm in stem circumference, 4.36cm in pitch, 20 effective leaves, oval in waist and leaves, light green in leaf color, and 121 days in the field growth period. The tobacco leaves are more mature-resistant and easy to bake. Strong waterlogging and cold resistance, high TMV or immunity resistance, black shank and bacterial wilt resistance, CMV and PVY infection and climatic spot disease resistance.
3. Preparing a hybridization combination:
in 2010, a high-quality variety Coker371Gold is used as a female parent and a resistant germplasm blue jade No. 1 is used as a male parent to prepare a hybrid combination Coker371Gold multiplied by blue jade No. 1 at a test base of tobacco science research institutions in Hubei province, Lichuan city, Hubei province. In the same winter, in the south breeding base of tobacco science research institute of Hubei province of Sublic of Hainan province, a hybrid combination Coker371Gold X Yunyu 1 is used as a female parent, a Guangdong variety Yunyan 87 is used as a male parent, and a three-cross combination (Coker371Gold X Yunyu 1) X Yunyu 87 is prepared to obtain seeds of a three-cross combination F1 generation.
In 2011, a triple cross combination (Coker371Gold multiplied by blue jade No. 1) multiplied by Yunyan 87 is sown and cultured, 300 tobacco plants are planted in a test base of a tobacco science research institute in Hubei province, Richuan province after seedling forming, 2/3 well grown tobacco plants are selected to be bagged and selfed when flowering, a triple cross combination F2 generation seed is obtained, one great fruit is taken from each plant, threshed and mixed, and the seeds are selected for the next season.
4. Step selection:
(1) first step target trait selection
Although the breeding target of the scheme only requires that the bred new strain has partial disease resistance, namely only black shank, bacterial wilt and common mosaic disease resistance, the breeding selection usually considers the resistance of other common diseases as much as possible on the basis of the disease resistance of the breeding target, so that in order to avoid the condition that the identification of other disease resistance is influenced because all tobacco seedlings or tobacco plants die due to non-breeding target diseases, the scheme cultivates two tobacco seedlings from each hybrid progeny material in each disease resistance identification season, and simultaneously arranges the sequence of identification of each disease resistance according to the breeding target requirement and the important degree and genetic characteristics of different disease resistance traits.
In 2 months 2012, seeds of the F2 generation of the triple crossing combination (Coker371Gold multiplied by blue jade No. 1) multiplied by Yunyan 87 are sown and cultured in a greenhouse seedbed of a test base of a tobacco science research institution in Hubei province for two parts, wherein each part is 500 plants, one part of the tobacco seedlings is used for seedling inoculation and identification, and the other part of the tobacco seedlings is reserved. Inoculating one of the tobacco seedlings to identify the resistance of the wildfire when the seedlings are about 8 weeks old, and adopting the concentration of 1 × 106Spraying cfu/mL wildfire bacterium solution on seedlings for inoculation, investigating the area of leaf spots after 10 days, and screening 351 seedlings with resistance to wildfire according to the investigation result. Transplanting 351 screened seedlings with wild fire resistance into a black shank disease garden to identify the resistance of the black shank, planting a susceptible control variety Honghuadajinyuan and a disease-resistant control variety Yunyan 317, and investigating the disease condition before the flowering period. In order to facilitate the continuous and sufficient recombination of disease-resistant genes, the selection strength is properly relaxed, the disease-resistant grades of the tobacco plants of the hybrid offspring are roughly classified into 6 grades of immunity, high resistance, medium feeling, feeling and high feeling by taking the resistance performances of susceptible varieties and disease-resistant varieties as references, and the 289 plants of the tobacco plants with medium resistance, high resistance and immunity are selected together. Meanwhile, after transplanting for 4 weeks, identifying common mosaic virus resistance of all tobacco plants by using common mosaic virus juice and adopting a young and tender leaf friction virus-grafting method, and observing pathological changes after 5 weeks183 tobacco strains resistant to the common mosaic virus disease were selected. The resistance of the climatic spot disease is investigated in the field, and 317 tobacco plants without disease are selected. Tobacco strains resisting black shank, common mosaic virus and climatic speckle disease are identified by using an in vitro leaf method to resist the root-knot nematode and the brown spot disease. The isolated leaf is impregnated with agrobacterium LBA4404/PVX: pND108-NIB bacterial liquid or agrobacterium GV3101/PVX: pND108-NIB bacterial liquid, whether the tobacco leaf shows allergic necrosis reaction (spots) is observed about 1 week, and the resistance of the root-knot nematode is judged according to the allergic necrosis reaction, so that 167 strains of the tobacco strain resisting the root-knot nematode are screened. With a concentration of 1X 106The in vitro leaf blade is inoculated by cfu/mL alternaria alternata bacterial liquid in a spraying way, the lesion area of the leaf blade is investigated after 10 days, and no alternaria alternata resistant tobacco strain is found. Through disease resistance identification, 154 tobacco plants which are resistant to wildfire, black shank, common mosaic, climate spot and root-knot nematode are screened out, 21 tobacco plants which do not have the typical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco are eliminated according to the field performance of the tobacco plants, 133 selected tobacco plants are selfed during flowering to obtain hybrid F3 generation seeds, and the seeds are harvested according to single plants.
In 3 months in 2013, 133F 3 seeds are sown and raised in a greenhouse seedbed of a test base in two parts per plant, and each single plant has 50 tobacco seedlings per part. Inoculating one of the tobacco seedlings when the seedlings are about 8 weeks old to identify angular leaf spot resistance, and adopting the concentration of 1 × 106Spraying and inoculating the seedlings with cfu/mL angular leaf spot bacterial liquid, investigating the area of the disease spots of the leaves after 10 days, and screening 1116 seedlings resistant to angular leaf spots according to the investigation result. Transplanting the 1116 screened angular leaf spot-resistant seedlings into a bacterial wilt disease nursery to identify bacterial wilt resistance, planting a susceptible control variety Boehmeria nivea and a disease-resistant control variety DB101 at the same time, and investigating the disease condition before the flowering phase. The disease resistance grades of the F3 tobacco plants are roughly classified into 6 grades of immunity, high resistance, medium sensation, sensation and high sensation by taking the resistance performances of susceptible varieties and disease-resistant varieties as references, and 957 tobacco plants with medium resistance or high resistance or immune tobacco plants are selected. Meanwhile, after transplanting for 4 weeks, cucumber mosaic virus resistance of all tobacco plants is identified by the CMV virus juice by adopting a young and tender blade rubbing virus inoculation method, and the disease condition is observed after 5 weeks, and the tobacco plants resisting the cucumber mosaic virus are not found. The field investigation of the resistance of the climatic spot disease selects 514 plants of the tobacco plants without disease. Against bacterial wiltAnd identifying the resistance of the root-knot nematode and the brown spot again by utilizing an in vitro leaf method so as to ensure the accuracy of the identification result of the resistance of the in vitro identification of the root-knot nematode and the brown spot, and screening out a tobacco plant 718 resisting the root-knot nematode, but a tobacco plant resisting the brown spot is not found. Screening 581 tobacco plants which are resistant to bacterial wilt, climate spot disease and root-knot nematode through disease resistance identification, eliminating 194 tobacco plants with undesirable characteristics according to the field performances of leaf surface smoothness or shrinkage degree, mesophyll tissue fineness or roughness, leaf main vein thickness and stem/leaf ratio size of tobacco plant leaves, selfing selected 387 tobacco plants during flowering to obtain hybrid F4 generation seeds, and harvesting seeds according to single plants.
In 2 months of 2014, 387F 4 seeds are sown and raised in a greenhouse seedbed of a test base in two parts, and each part comprises 20 tobacco seedlings. Inoculating one of the tobacco seedlings to identify powdery mildew resistance after the seedling ages for about 8 weeks, wherein the concentration is 1 × 106The seedlings are inoculated by spraying cfu/mL powdery mildew liquid, and the disease area of the leaves is investigated after 10 days, so that no powdery mildew resistant tobacco strain is found. Transplanting the other spare tobacco seedling to a disease nursery for identifying the resistance of the root black rot, planting a disease-susceptible control variety safflower Hongda and a disease-resistant control variety TI448A at the same time, and investigating the disease condition before the flowering phase. The disease resistance grades of the F4 tobacco plants are classified into 6 grades of immunity, high resistance, medium sensation, sensation and high sensation by taking the resistance performances of susceptible varieties and disease-resistant varieties as references, and 2988 plants which are resistant to high resistance or immune tobacco plants are selected. Meanwhile, after transplanting for 4 weeks, the potato Y virus disease resistance of all tobacco plants is identified by using PVY virus juice and adopting a young leaf rubbing virus inoculation method, and after 5 weeks, the pathological change condition is observed, and no anti-potato Y virus disease tobacco plant is found. The resistance to the climatic speck disease was investigated in the field and 1548 non-diseased tobacco plants were selected. 1037 tobacco plants which have the functions of resisting root black rot and climate spot disease are screened out through disease resistance identification, the tobacco plants with the undesirable performance of the characteristics are eliminated according to the field performances of the tobacco plant type, the stem thickness, the leaf distribution uniformity, the leaf shape, the leaf color, the stem leaf angle, the distance between the uppermost leaf picking implantation point and the central flower, the rising speed of the tobacco plants, the axillary bud growth potential and the tobacco branch number, and the selected 521 tobacco plants are selected516 tobacco plants were selfed at flowering to obtain hybrid F5 generation seeds, and the seeds were harvested as individual plants.
(2) Second step target trait selection
In 2015, 2 months, 516F 5 generation seeds are sown and cultured in greenhouse seedbeds of test bases in a single-plant mode, and 15 tobacco seedlings are planted in each single plant. After the seedlings are grown, 516 seedlings of single plants are planted in a field to 516 plant rows (namely plant lines), the growth characters and morphological characters of the tobacco plants are comprehensively identified, 52 plant lines with proper growth characters and morphological characters of the tobacco plants are screened out, then 2-3 single plants with more ideal growth characters and morphological characters of the tobacco plants are selected in each selected plant line, selfing is carried out during flowering, and single plant seeds are mixed according to the plant lines to form the plant lines.
(3) Third step target trait selection
In 2016 (3 months), dividing the seeds of 52 lines into 2 parts, respectively sowing and raising seedlings on a greenhouse seedbed of a test base, wherein 1 part of tobacco seedlings of the seeds are transplanted into a field for seed reproduction after seedling formation, the other 1 part of tobacco seedlings of the seeds are transplanted into the field after seedling formation, repeating for 3 times, and taking the Yunyan 87 which is a commonly planted variety in production as a contrast, and carrying out an economic character identification comparison test on each line, wherein the results show that 8 lines have proper yield, the comprehensive evaluation of other economic character indexes exceeds the Yunyan 87 which is a contrast variety, and the codes of HB1606, HB1607, HB1608, HB1609, 1610 HB1611, HB1618 and HB1619 are respectively given, and the corresponding lines are selfed and reserved in a seed reproduction field.
(4) Fourth step target trait selection
In 2017 and 2018, new strains HB1606, HB1607, HB1608, HB1609, HB1610, HB1611, HB1618 and HB1619 are set in Xuan, Lichuan, Ba Dong, Xingshan, Zhushan and Baokang respectively, comparison tests of the new strains HB1606, HB1607, HB1608, HB1609, HB1610, HB1611, HB1618 and HB1619 are set, the quality traits, adaptability and stability of each strain are identified by taking Yunyan 87 which is a commonly planted variety in production as an economic trait and an adaptability control and taking a high-quality variety K326 as a tobacco leaf quality control, the baked tobacco samples are taken every year to be identified by appearance quality, chemical components, physical characteristics and sensory evaluation quality, and the adaptability of each strain and the stability of the tobacco leaf quality traits and the economic traits are statistically analyzed. Through comprehensive evaluation, strain HB1607 with outstanding quality and character, wide adaptability and good stability is screened out, and the strain is promoted to participate in the regional test of national tobacco varieties in 2019.
5. Characteristic characteristics of bred new line HB1618
The new strain HB1607 is cylindrical, the height of the topping plant is 115.7cm, the number of effective leaves is 20, the pitch is 5.8cm, the stem circumference is 9.2cm, the waist leaves are oblong, the leaf surface is wrinkled, the mesophyll is delicate, and the growth period of the field is 118 days; the tobacco leaves are ripe and easy to bake, the yield per mu is 165.2 kg, the yield is proper, the average price, the first-class tobacco proportion and the yield per mu are all higher than those of the control Yunyan tobacco 87, and the economic characters are outstanding; most of the baked tobacco leaves are orange, the thickness is moderate, the oil content is high, the luster is strong, and the tissues are loose; the content of various chemical components is proper, the proportion is coordinated, and the grade of the quality of the smoke panel test is on the middle level; high resistance to common mosaic virus, black shank, bacterial wilt and root black rot, root-knot nematode, climatic spot, wildfire and angular leaf spot, brown spot, powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic virus and potato virus Y.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A cascade selection method suitable for breeding new tobacco strains is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
first-step target trait selection: carrying out disease resistance trait selection by taking F2 generation seeds obtained by selfing of the hybrid F1 generation as starting materials; the disease-resistant trait is selected from at least two of black shank resistance, bacterial wilt resistance, root black rot resistance, root knot nematode resistance, wildfire resistance, angular leaf spot resistance, powdery mildew resistance, climatic spot disease resistance, brown spot disease resistance, common mosaic virus disease resistance, cucumber mosaic virus disease resistance, and potato virus Y resistance; the time span of the disease-resistant trait selection comprises at least one tobacco growth season, each tobacco growth season identifying at least one disease-resistant trait;
and (3) second-step target trait selection: the progeny seeds obtained by the first step target character selection are sown and cultured in a single plant mode in the tobacco growing season, after the seedlings are formed, the single seedlings are planted in a plant row mode in a field in a single plant mode, and the tobacco plant growing character and the tobacco plant morphological character selection are carried out; the growth traits of the tobacco plants comprise the rising speed of the tobacco plants, the field growth vigor, the axillary bud growth vigor, the cluster stage, the flourishing stage, the bud stage, the central flower open stage, the flat top stage, the bottom foot leaf mature stage, the upper leaf mature stage, the days of transplanting to topping, the days of the field growth stage and the leaf maturation speed, and the morphological traits of the tobacco plants comprise the typical characteristics of the tobacco of the type, the plant height, the stem thickness, the total leaf number, the number of collectable leaves, the leaf distribution uniformity, the pitch spacing, the leaf shape, the leaf size, the upper leaf open potential, the leaf thickness, the leaf color, the leaf surface smoothness or shrinkage degree, the leaf pulp tissue or roughness degree, the leaf flexibility, the leaf main vein thickness, the stem/leaf ratio size, the leaf maturation uniformity, the leaf maturation resistance, the leaf angle, the uppermost leaf harvesting attachment point distance from the central flower and the number of branches of the tobacco;
and (3) selecting a third-step target trait: mixing the seeds of the single plant obtained by the second step target character selection according to plant rows to form strains, dividing each strain of seeds into two parts, respectively sowing and raising the seedlings in the tobacco growing season, wherein the tobacco seedlings of one part of seeds are transplanted into a field for seed reproduction after becoming seedlings, and the tobacco seedlings of the other part of seeds are transplanted into the field for economic character selection after becoming seedlings; the economic traits comprise single leaf weight, yield, output value, average price, first-class tobacco proportion and first-class tobacco proportion;
fourth-step target trait selection: performing multi-point tests for years on each strain obtained by selecting the third-step target characters, and further performing quality character, adaptability and stability selection; the quality traits comprise the appearance quality, chemical components, physical characteristics, sensory evaluation quality and cigarette industrial usability of the modulated tobacco leaves, the adaptability comprises the environmental adaptation range of the new strain and the adaptation degree in a certain environmental range, and the stability comprises the stability of the quality traits of the tobacco leaves and the stability of the economic traits of the tobacco leaves;
the resistance of the black shank, the resistance of the bacterial wilt and the resistance of the root black rot are respectively identified by setting a standard susceptible variety and a standard disease-resistant variety as a contrast, the resistance performance of the standard susceptible variety and the standard disease-resistant variety is taken as a reference, the disease-resistant grade of the identification material is divided into 6 grades of immunity, high resistance, medium resistance, feeling and high sensitivity, and the identification materials for medium resistance, high resistance and immunity are selected to enter the character selection of the next link;
when the disease resistance trait identification variety in the first-step target trait selection is more than that required by a breeding target, backup is required to be reserved for seeds and required tobacco seedlings required by each tobacco growing season; when the tobacco seedlings die in the identification, the backup tobacco seedlings are used for transplanting so as to continuously identify other disease-resistant characters; when the tobacco plant dies in the identification, the current season backup seeds are used for continuously carrying out the identification of other disease-resistant traits in the next growing season.
2. The cascade selection method suitable for breeding the new tobacco line according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the disease resistance trait identification types in the first-step target trait selection are all twelve disease resistance traits, the first-step target trait selection is carried out according to the following steps:
step a: sowing seeds of F2 generations obtained by selfing hybrid F1 generations in a greenhouse seedbed, inoculating and identifying the resistance to the wildfire disease in the seedling stage, then transplanting the screened seedlings or backup tobacco seedlings with the resistance to the wildfire disease into a black shank disease garden, sequentially identifying the resistance to the blackleg, the resistance to the common mosaic disease, the resistance to the climatic spot disease, the resistance to root-knot nematodes and the resistance to the brown spot disease, finally selfing the selected tobacco plants during flowering to obtain seeds of the hybrid F3 generations, and harvesting the seeds according to single plants;
step b: sowing seeds of F3 generation in a greenhouse seedbed, identifying angular leaf spot resistance in the seedling stage, then transplanting the screened angular leaf spot-resistant seedlings or backup tobacco seedlings into a bacterial wilt disease garden, sequentially identifying bacterial wilt resistance, cucumber mosaic disease resistance, climatic spot disease resistance, root-knot nematode resistance and red star disease resistance, finally selfing the selected tobacco plants during flowering to obtain hybrid F4 generation seeds, and harvesting according to single plants;
step c: sowing seeds of F4 generation in a greenhouse seedbed, identifying powdery mildew resistance in the seedling stage, transplanting the screened powdery mildew-resistant seedlings or backup tobacco seedlings into a root black rot disease nursery, sequentially identifying the root black rot resistance, potato Y disease resistance and climatic spot disease resistance, selfing selected tobacco plants during flowering to obtain hybrid seeds of F5 generation, and harvesting seeds according to single plants;
when the variety required by the breeding target in the first-step target character selection is all twelve disease-resistant characters, in the first-step target character selection, powdery mildew resistance, wildfire resistance and angular leaf spot resistance are identified by spraying inoculation on seedlings with the age of about 8 weeks on a seedling bed, black shank resistance, bacterial wilt resistance and root black rot resistance are identified by using a disease nursery, common mosaic virus resistance, cucumber mosaic virus resistance and potato Y virus resistance are identified by using a friction virus inoculation method, climatic spot disease resistance is identified by using a field investigation natural disease condition method, and root nematode resistance and brown spot disease resistance are identified by using an in-vitro leaf method.
3. The cascade selection method suitable for breeding the new tobacco line according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: directly selecting the disease resistance of each strain.
4. The cascade selection method suitable for breeding the new tobacco strain according to claim 3, wherein the cascade selection method comprises the following steps: the typical characteristics of the tobacco with the type in the second step target character selection are advanced to the step a; the characteristics of the smooth or shriveling degree of the leaf surface, the fine or rough degree of the mesophyll tissue, the thickness of the main vein of the leaf and the stem/leaf ratio in the second step target characteristic selection are advanced to the step b or the step c; and C, advancing the plant type, the thickness of the stems, the distribution uniformity of the leaves, the leaf shape, the leaf color, the stem leaf angle, the distance between the uppermost leaf picking implantation point and the central flower, the rising speed of the tobacco plant, the growth potential of the axillary buds and the number of tobacco branches in the second step target character selection to the step c.
5. The cascade selection method suitable for breeding the new tobacco line according to claim 4, characterized in that: the third-step target character selection also comprises selection of stress resistance characters, insect resistance characters and fertilizer resistance characters, wherein the stress resistance characters comprise lodging resistance, waterlogging resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance, and the insect resistance characters comprise tobacco aphid resistance, tobacco whitefly resistance and tobacco budworm resistance.
6. The cascade selection method suitable for breeding the new tobacco line according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hybrid generation F1 can be from single cross, triple cross, double cross or compound cross.
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