CN109329043A - A kind of selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind - Google Patents
A kind of selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329043A CN109329043A CN201811450482.5A CN201811450482A CN109329043A CN 109329043 A CN109329043 A CN 109329043A CN 201811450482 A CN201811450482 A CN 201811450482A CN 109329043 A CN109329043 A CN 109329043A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of selections of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind, belong to melon stock product breeding field.Specific step is as follows for the selection: developing the genetic development of Pumpkin Seed size and single melon seed number according to segregating population, and is combined according to genetic development Selection parent and apolegamy.Male parent is to introduce stock variety " fiery phoenix " from Shandong to be selfed the stabilization self-mating system filtered out through 7 generations, is characterized in that root system is more developed, growth potential is medium, and fruit is oblate, pericarp khaki, and drought tolerance is good；Female parent is to be selfed the stabilization self-mating system filtered out from Shandong Grafting watermelon stock variety " snow-white " fertile plant through 6 generations, its main feature is that fruit subcircular, main root is flourishing, and pericarp is orange, precocious, and high temperature resistant and lower temperature resistance are relatively strong；It is obtained by above-mentioned male parent female parent Parented selected mating of hybridization.The small cotyledon of the kind of acquisition, suitable 50 hole hole plate seedling growths, highly resistance watermelon blight, budding is neat, be not easy excessive growth, grafting optimum period is long, grafts convenient, high graft survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to melon stock breeding technical field, in particular to a kind of breeding side of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind
Method.
Background technique
Cucurbits Culture by Grafting is at least 3000 history in China, written by B.C. 100 years China agronomist's Pan victory
" book of Pan victory " produces the record of a big a kind of edible gourd with regard to useful connection.Japanese nineteen twenty-five starts the research of melon grafting diseases prevention, until the nineties,
The grafting cultivation area of Japanese vegetable category has reached the 60% of the gross area, 90% or more of Protectorate cultivation area.China is melon
The research and application of grafting cultivation start from the seventies, but develop slowly.Since the eighties, since cultivating watermelon area is continuous
Expand, period of crop-rotation shortening, wilt disease is on the rise, and becomes the major obstacle for restricting production in watermelon main producing region, so far, melon
Grafting cultivation starts to popularize.It is melon by grafting, can not only overcome soil-borne disease bring continuous cropping obstacle, can also enhance plant
To the resistivity of adverse circumstance, utilization of the scion to soil rich water is improved, the usage amount of fertilizer and pesticide is reduced.Currently, graft technology
It is had been widely used in melon production, not only watermelon large area uses grafting cultivation, other melons such as muskmelon, cucumber, bottle gourd, balsam pear
Class also imitates one after another, and while obtaining preferable economic well-being of workers and staff, the idea of melon grafting is gradually received by vast farmers, transfers
It connects cultivation technique and has also obtained further development.
High-quality, quick, stay in grade emergence intensive seedling production has become the important composition portion of China's breeding engineering construction
Point, there is huge demand space to grafting in production, melon grafting batch production intensive seedling production will become trend.Graft stock
Selection is the vital part of grafting cultivation.On domestic market there are many stock types of Grafted Watermelon, it common are
Cucurbit, musky gourd, giant pumpkin hybridize pumpkin etc. with musky gourd.It, be to kind due to cucurbit stock is easy to get CGMMV
Son carries out dry heat treatment, causes the irregular problem of germination, increases and manually choose kind of a cost, and easy root of hair is rotten when low temperature overcast and rainy day
Disease；Although musky gourd stock cotyledon is smaller, comprehensive resistance is poor compared with the cenospecies of giant pumpkin and musky gourd, and easily influences
Scion quality；Existing giant pumpkin hybridizes that Pumpkin Seed seed is big, and stock cotyledon is also larger, and growing way is strong with musky gourd, growth
Comparatively fast, hypocotyl is easily hollow, and grafting optimum period is short, and cotyledon easily mutually shades, and when grafting need to subtract half cotyledon, increases people
Work cost, also increases incidence probability；Intensive seedling production requires unit area quantum of output high, and seedling disease resistance resistance is strong, kind
Son budding is consistent.Currently, domestic small cotyledon intensive seedling production preferably, comprehensive resistance is preferable and does not reduce scion fruit quality
Melon stock variety is few.The genetic development of pumpkin seed size is unclear simultaneously, increases the breeding difficulty of fine grain kind.
Practical for the more more and more universal production of intensive seedling production, the formulated breeding of vegetables of academy of agricultural sciences of Ningbo City is suitble to intensive
Change graft seedling growth and be suitble to the main breeding objective planted variety of watermelon and graft dedicated stock variety: developing pumpkin seed size
Genetic development, and the small cotyledon of breeding (thousand grain weigth 100g~120g), suitable 50 hole hole plate seedling growths, highly resistance west on this basis
Cucurbit wilt, budding is neat, be not easy excessive growth, grafting optimum period is long, grafting convenience, high graft survival rate, does not influence scion quality.?
On the basis of introducing domestic and international germ plasm resource extensively, segregating population is constructed, the genetic development of seed size is studied, is then
System breeding, feature identification, cross combination apolegamy, variety test and regional production test, with selecting suitable Zhejiang
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind of the intensive seedling production of area's Grafting watermelon becomes urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and deficiency existing in the prior art, a kind of small seed type pumpkin is provided
The selection of stock variety.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a kind of selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind, packet
Include following steps:
(1) genetic development obtains
By selecting two parts of materials of seed size significant difference in conjunction with breeding objective to Pumpkin Germplasm resource survey
NMO83 and XBZM, mass of 1000 kernel are respectively 110g and 160g；By the two, Parent hybridizes each other, obtain Hybrid F1 and
Then RF1 carries out selfing to F1 and obtains F2 generation, and obtains BC1 generation to F1 and NM083 backcrossing；Next season plants simultaneously
NMO83, XBZM, F1, RF1, F2 and BC1；Thousand grain weigth is investigated after fruit maturation, as a result the mass of 1000 kernel difference of F1 and RF1
It for 178g and 214g, is relatively close to big grain parent XBZM, F2 group and BC1 group shows as continuity distribution, and be biased to
In big grain；Therefore pumpkin seed size is quantitative character, and granule is recessiveness relative to big grain；Single melon seed number is examined simultaneously
It examines, group parent NMO83, XBZM and F1, the mono- melon seed number of RF1 are respectively 327,229,250 and 245, significantly
The parent XBZM less close to seed, and F2 group and BC1 group are partial velocities, it is intended to the less parent of seed；
Therefore single melon seeds grain number it is more relative to less for stealth；It therefore is the small seed type of breeding, the stock variety more than single melon seed number,
Parents select need to be smaller for seed, the more material of single melon seed number；
(2) male parent breeding
In the stock variety ' fiery phoenix ' collected from Shandong, number is the paternal origin of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind
SD08；Systematic breeding is carried out to this part of stock material from First Year spring；According to male parent breeding goal: well developed root system, disease resistance,
Resistance is strong, is not easy early ageing, and single melon seed amount is more, seed is smaller and full, and by annual 2 season, the stringent selfing of totally 7 generations is sieved
Choosing, it is preferable to select lower temperature resistance, blooms and bears fruit earliest, field resistance is preferable, and single melon seed amount is more, and plant overgrows, root
System is flourishing, and growth potential is medium, and blade has hickie, suitable self-mating system SD08-5-2-11-8-3-4 (P63) symbol of fruit appearance index
Close the male parent breeding goal of small seed swage block wood breed breeding；Its mass of 1000 kernel is 95-105g, and single melon seed grain number is 220-300；
(3) maternal breeding
The female parent of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind derives from Shandong Grafting watermelon stock variety ' snow-white ', number XB07；
The next spring is snow-white in number XB07 ' ' the fertile giant pumpkin plant of male flower is found in the seedling of stock variety, by male flower
Fertile giant pumpkin plant is strictly selfed respectively, obtains F2 seed, number is XB07-1~5；Then it is selected according to female parent
Educate target: comprehensive resistance is strong, and well developed root system, growing way is preferable, and female flower is bloomed morning, and seed is smaller, and single melon seed number is more；By annual
2 seasons, in totally 6 generations, were strictly selfed screening, selected main root prosperity, and plant overgrows, and growing way is medium, precocious, fruit subcircular, single fruit weight
The stronger self-mating system XB07-4-16-3-8-5 (P73) of 1.6-2.0kg, pericarp light orange, high temperature resistant and lower temperature resistance, thousand
Grain weight is 100-110g, and seed grain number is 250-300；
(4) breeding of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind
5th year autumn was female parent with the small seed giant pumpkin XB07-4-16-3-8-5 (P73) that step (3) obtains, with step
Suddenly the musky gourd SD08-5-2-11-8-3-4 (P63) that (2) obtain is that male parent carries out hybridization combo, obtains giant pumpkin in
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind of state's squash hybridization, mass of 1000 kernel 105-115g, single melon seed number are 250-300；And pass through
Variety test confirms the shape of Cultivars.
Fruit appearance index described in step (2) is suitably to choose fruit oblateness, and pericarp khaki has wax powder, single
Fruit weighs the fruit of 1.4~1.6kg.
Disease resistance described in step (2) includes anti-watermelon blight resistance, the mirror of the anti-watermelon blight resistance
Surely inoculated identification is carried out using bacterium local method.
Comprehensive resistance described in step (3) includes watermelon blight resistance, the identification of the watermelon blight resistance
Inoculated identification is carried out using bacterium local method.
Hybridization combo described in step (4) according to seed size obtained by step (1) and single melon seed number genetic development
It carries out.
Confirmed described in step (4) by shape of the variety test to Cultivars, the specific steps are as follows:
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that the giant pumpkin of acquisition and musky gourd hybridize is grafted ' early good ' variety of watermelon by spring
Comparative test, the pumpkin rootstock Performance of cultivar that the test result display present invention obtains are excellent: high graft survival rate, scion after grafting
Plant growing way is strong, and blade is dark green, well-grown under early spring cryogenic conditions, and blooming, it is 1~3 day early compared with own-rooted tree to bear fruit, scion fruit
Single fruit weight, pol, mouthfeel and own-rooted tree are without significant difference, and pol is compared with own-rooted tree height, and meat is crisp, free from extraneous odour；Autumn again into
Row Grafted Watermelon variety comparative test, the results showed that the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind plant strain growth that the present invention obtains is normal, high temperature resistant
Property is good, and without significant difference, malformed fruit is few for fruit mouthfeel, pol and own-rooted tree；The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that the present invention obtains
It is showed in annual variety comparative test result optimal；' river in Zhejiang Province anvil 10 ' is named as by 7363 within 2013 (to be changed to ' think strong after 2016
No. 10 '), start to carry out wide field trial in the whole province, plant experimentally, demonstrate and multiple spot variety test；2016~2017 annuals produce
Amount reaches 3203.36kg667m-2, than own-rooted tree volume increase 15.88%.
The breeding for the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' that breeding of the present invention obtains (is introduced a fine variety) process and is summarized as follows:
The female parent (giant pumpkin) of ' think strong No. 10 ' be spring in 2009 from Shandong Grafting watermelon stock variety (snow-white) fertile plant through 6 generations
From the stabilization self-mating system XB07-4-16-3-8-5 that autumn in 2011 filters out is met at, its main feature is that fruit subcircular, main root hair
It reaches, growing way is medium, and pericarp is orange, and precocious, high temperature resistant and lower temperature resistance are relatively strong.The male parent (musky gourd) of ' think strong No. 10 ' is
Spring in 2008 introduces stock variety (fiery phoenix) from Shandong and is selfed the stabilization self-mating system SD08-5-2-11-8- filtered out through 7 generations
3-4 is characterized in that root system is more developed, and growth potential is medium, and fruit is oblate, pericarp khaki, and drought tolerance is good.The apolegamy of autumn in 2012
Cross combination, number development Grafted Watermelon variety comparative test in 7363,2013 show in numerous combinations optimal.Name within 2013 for
' river in Zhejiang Province anvil 10 ' (is changed to ' think strong No. 10 ') for 2016, grafted within 2016~2017 years ' early good ' variety of watermelon comparative test and
Multiple spot pilot production.
The suitable planting region for the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' that breeding of the present invention obtains: ' thinking No. 10 strong '
It can be used for the melon graftings such as ' early good ' watermelon, be suitble to Zhejiang and identical Ecological Area facility cultivation.
The main grafting cultivation technical essential for the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' that breeding of the present invention obtains: spring
Season starts nursery in early December~early Febuary, and autumn nursery starts nursery July.It is proposed with the method for plant propagation with cutting, stock is compared with scion
Early sowing 7~10 days.At 25~28 DEG C, relative air humidity 95% or so avoids strong light direct beam for preceding 3d temperature control after grafting；It transfers
4d rises and gradually decreases temperature after connecing, and aeration-cooling；Common seedling management is pressed after 7~10 days.It using climbing cultivates, 667m2It plants
300~500 plants of kind, field planting cannot be too deep, and grafting part is away from native face 1cm or more.Fertilizer need to be prevented compared with own-rooted tree Shaoshi 20% or so
Only overnutrition and be not easy to bear fruit, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.
The main seeding technique main points for the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' that breeding of the present invention obtains: 1, March
Part sowing, the more maternal 10~15d of planting early enough of male parent.2, Parent cultivation ratio is 1:8.3, maternal mu plants 330 plants, maternal seedling
Pinching when 41 heart of leaf, stays 2 climing, beats that other sons are climing, whole grandsons are climing and male flower as early as possible.4, it after 7 points of morning, is acquired from male parent male
Flower, pollinates, and flower is pressed from both sides after pollination and is marked.5, compound fertilizer 10kg is imposed after bearing fruit per acre, fruit growth to middle and later periods chases after again
Once, compound fertilizer 15kg is chased after per acre.6,45~50d is harvested after pollinating, 7~10d of after-ripening.7, with Fusarium Wilt of Sweet such as Cupravits before 16 years of age
Melon prevents bacterial disease.8,2%H is used after taking kind of cleaning2O2It handles and dries.
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' that the present invention obtains is distinguished with other stock varieties:
It 1) is, giant pumpkin and musky gourd first-filial generation, seed is small, mass of 1000 kernel 110g (' all-round armor ' kind thousand
Weight 250g), seed transverse diameter 7.70mm indulges diameter 13.51mm, thick 3.32mm (10.12 × 19.09 × 3.82mm of all-round armor), son
Leaf flattens phase cotyledon transverse diameter 3.0cm, indulges diameter 4.4cm, thick 0.88cm (4.2 × 5.7 × 0.96cm of all-round armor)；
2), cotyledon area is small, does not shade mutually after grafting, can effectively reduce leaves density, prevents the excessive hair of seedling humidity
Sick evil is easy to grafting and managing after grafting.
3), it is suitble to that 50 hole hole plate seedling growths, budding are neat, hypocotyl is not easy hollow and excessive growth, growing way is steady, graft survival rate
It is high.
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art:
1. the present invention develops the genetic development of Pumpkin Seed size and single melon seed number according to segregating population, and according to something lost
Pass regular Selection parent and apolegamy combination.
2. the product ratio over the years of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' of the invention and the performance of pilot production yield are excellent
It is good, it is specifically shown in down: carrying out variety test on Ningbo, Pinghu, Deqing and other places within 2016~2017 years.2016 ' thinking No. 10 strong '
Grafting ' early good ' 2869~3184kg667m of yield-2, average out to 3002kg667m-2, compared with ' all-round armor ' (average product
2971g kg·667m-2) volume increase 1.04%, compared with own-rooted tree (average product 2536kg667m-2) volume increase 18.37%.2017
' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 3213~3660kg667m of yield-2, average out to 3404kg667m-2, compared with ' all-round armor '
(average product 3370kg667m-2) volume increase 1.01%, compared with own-rooted tree (average product 2992kg667m-2) volume increase
13.76%.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 2869~3660kg667m of yield-2, 2 annuals are 3203kg667m-2,
Compared with control ' all-round armor ' grafting ' early good ' (average product 3171kg667m-2) high by 1.02%, it is (average to produce compared with own-rooted tree control
Measure 2764kg667m-2) high by 15.88%.
3. the main excellent characteristic characteristic for the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that breeding of the present invention obtains:
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that breeding of the present invention obtains ' thinks No. 10 strong ' main root prosperity, and absorption ability of nutrient is strong, and growing way is steady
Strong, grafting optimum period, is long, and hypocotyl is not easy excessive growth and hollow, and grafting affinity is good, with the variety of watermelon graft survival rate such as ' early good '
94% or more；Symbiosis compatibility is strong, and lower temperature resistance and heat-resisting quantity are relatively strong, and grafting ' early good ' watermelon growing way is better than own-rooted tree,
Easily bear fruit；First melon of spring is bloomed to harvesting 35~38d, 25~27d of summer and autumn.
4. the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that breeding of the present invention obtains is giant pumpkin and musky gourd first-filial generation, seed
Small, mass of 1000 kernel 110g, cotyledon area is small, does not shade mutually after grafting, and leaves density is effectively reduced, and prevents the excessive hair of seedling humidity
Sick evil is not necessarily to scissors leaf when grafting, is conducive to grafting operation and managing after grafting；Be suitble to 50 hole hole plate seedling growths, budding it is neat, under
Plumular axis is not easy hollow and excessive growth, and growing way is steady, high graft survival rate.
5. ' thinking No. 10 strong ' is giant pumpkin and musky gourd half-blood, plant overgrows, well developed root system；Stem is five ribs
Shape, bottle green；Blade palmate；Anther Abortion；Main side is climing can to bear fruit, and the first female flower section is 9~12 section of main stem, and fruit is oblate
Shape, tender fruit yellow have a hickie, and aging melon is orange, hickie；Fruit development period about 45d, 0.8~1.2kg of single fruit weight；Kind skin is white
Color, thousand grain weigth 105-115g.It is identified through the plant of academy of agricultural sciences of Zhejiang Province is micro-, highly resistance watermelon blight.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' maternal breeding family tree.
Fig. 2 is that small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' male parent breeding family tree.
Fig. 3 is that small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' breeding and promotes flow chart.
Fig. 4 is that small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting and connect watermelon pictorial diagram.Wherein: A is to think to strengthen
No. 10 Grafted Watermelon variable rate technologies, B are Grafted Watermelon wheat seeding, C is Grafted Watermelon fruit display.
Fig. 5 is the pictorial diagram that small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' seedling, seed and fruit.Wherein: A is to think
Strong No. 10 seedling blades performance, B are the performance of stock seedling root, C is the performance of stock seedling seed, D is that stock grows directly from seeds
Seedling wheat seeding (wherein upper row is No. 10 strong to think, the lower other stocks of ranking), E are stock fruit display.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The selection of the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind of embodiment 1
One, the selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind of the invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) genetic development obtains
By selecting two parts of materials of seed size significant difference in conjunction with breeding objective to Pumpkin Germplasm resource survey
NMO83 and XBZM, mass of 1000 kernel are respectively 110g and 160g；By the two, Parent hybridizes each other, obtain Hybrid F1 and
Then RF1 carries out selfing to F1 and obtains F2 generation, and obtains BC1 generation to F1 and NM083 backcrossing；Next season plants simultaneously
NMO83, XBZM, F1, RF1, F2 and BC1；Thousand grain weigth is investigated after fruit maturation, as a result the mass of 1000 kernel difference of F1 and RF1
It for 178g and 214g, is relatively close to big grain parent XBZM, F2 group and BC1 group shows as continuity distribution, and be biased to
In big grain；Therefore pumpkin seed size is quantitative character, and granule is recessiveness relative to big grain；Single melon seed number is examined simultaneously
It examines, group parent NMO83, XBZM and F1, the mono- melon seed number of RF1 are respectively 327,229,250 and 245, significantly
The parent XBZM less close to seed, and F2 group and BC1 group are partial velocities, it is intended to the less parent of seed；
Therefore single melon seeds grain number it is more relative to less for stealth；It therefore is the small seed type of breeding, the stock variety more than single melon seed number,
Parents select need to be smaller for seed, the more material of single melon seed number；
(2) male parent breeding
Male parent breeding family tree is as shown in Fig. 2, the paternal origin of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind was searched in 2008 from Shandong
The stock variety ' fiery phoenix ' (SD08) of collection；Systematic breeding is carried out to this part of material from spring in 2008, male parent breeding goal is
Well developed root system, disease resistance, resistance are strong, are not easy early ageing, and single melon seed amount is more, seed is full；Spring in 2008 is colonized 30 plants,
According to the selection criteria of above-mentioned male parent breeding goal, the 5th plant selected；SD08-5 (F2) is carried out seedling inoculation west by autumn in 2008
Cucurbit wilt bacterium does not find dead seedling after 15 days, wherein 200 plants of field planting, observation discovery plant, fruit and seed have larger separation,
Selecting 4 single melon numbers according to breeding goal and fruit appearance difference is SD08-5-1~SD08-5-4；Spring in 2009 is by 4
Strain is respectively colonized 50 plants, and observation discovery SD08-5-2 strain early spring lower temperature resistance is preferable, blooms and bears fruit earliest, field resistance compared with
Good, single melon seed amount is more, wherein the 11st plant best；SD08-5-2-11 is colonized 30 plants by autumn in 2009, with reference to above-mentioned male parent
The selection criteria of breeding goal, the 8th plant selected；SD08-5-2-11-8 is colonized 30 plants by spring in 2010, and the 3rd plant selected；2010
Autumn in year is colonized 30 plants, and the 4th plant selected, and SD08-5-2-11-8-3-4 is colonized 30 plants by spring in 2011, through field observation, plants
The characters such as strain and fruit type are stable；By annual 2 season, the selfing of totally 7 generations obtains purer self-mating system SD08-5-2-11-8-3-4
(P63)；The self-mating system is characterized in that plant overgrows, and well developed root system, growth potential is medium, and blade has hickie, and fruit is oblate, pericarp soil
Yellow has wax powder, and single fruit weighs about 1.5kg；
(3) maternal breeding
Maternal breeding family tree is as shown in Figure 1, the female parent of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind was collected from spring in 2009
Shandong Grafting watermelon stock variety ' snow-white ' (XB07), spring in 2009 finds 5 plants in the seedling of ' snow-white ' (XB07)
This 5 single plants are strictly selfed by the fertile giant pumpkin plant of male flower respectively, obtain 5 parts of F2 seeds (XB07-1~5)；
This 5 parts of seeds are carried out seedling stage watermelon blight Resistance Identification by autumn in 2009, as the result is shown whole highly resistances, by XB07-1~5
Every part of material is colonized 100 plants, carries out stringent individual plant selfing；Observe entire breeding time, eliminate Seedling root is weak, the long potential difference of plant,
Female flower is bloomed the plant that late, resistance disease resistance is poor, single melon seed amount is few, and F3 seed is obtained；It has been observed that different strains
Between F3 seed size have differences, mass of 1000 kernel is between 100g~250g, and wherein strain XB07-4 seed is smaller, and number be
16 single melon seed amount is more, mass of 1000 kernel 100g, and seed is full, kind skin is white, is selected in；Spring in 2010 determines XB07-4-16
50 plants are planted, stringent individual plant selfing, referring to above-mentioned selection criteria, the 3rd plant selected；Autumn in 2010 continues systematic breeding,
30 plants of field planting, the 8th plant selected；Spring in 2011 is colonized 30 plants, and the 5th plant selected；Autumn in 2011 is colonized 30 plants, sees through field
It examines, the characters such as plant and fruit type are stable；By annual 2 season, the selfing of totally 6 generations obtains purer self-mating system XB07-4-16-3-8-5
(P73)；The self-mating system feature is main root prosperity, and plant overgrows, and growing way is medium, and precocious, fruit subcircular, single fruit weighs about 1.8kg,
Pericarp light orange, high temperature resistant and lower temperature resistance are relatively strong；
(4) breeding of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind
Autumn in 2012 is female parent, SD08-5-2-11-8-3-4 with small seed giant pumpkin XB07-4-16-3-8-5 (P73)
(P63) etc. 15 musky gourd are that male parent carries out hybridization combo, obtain giant pumpkin and musky gourd cross combination 15；2013
Spring in year is grafted ' early good ' variety of watermelon comparative test, ground together with 33 pumpkin rootstocks combination including this 15 combinations
Point tests garden in Ningbo Agricultural High-tech；Test result display 7363 performances of combination are excellent: high graft survival rate, after grafting
Scion plant growing way is strong, and blade is dark green, well-grown under early spring cryogenic conditions, and blooming, it is 1~3 day early compared with own-rooted tree to bear fruit, scion
Fruit single fruit weight, pol, mouthfeel and own-rooted tree are without significant difference, and pol is compared with own-rooted tree height, and meat is crisp, free from extraneous odour；2013
Autumn carries out Grafted Watermelon variety comparative test again, and that participates in the experiment jointly has preferable 5 combinations of spring performance, the results showed that 7363 plant
Growth is normal, and heat-resisting quantity is good, and with own-rooted tree without significant difference, malformed fruit is few for fruit mouthfeel, pol etc.；Analysis and summary 2013
Annual variety comparative test as a result, it has been found that, combination 7363 shows optimal in all combinations；' river in Zhejiang Province anvil is named as by 7363 within 2013
No. 10 ' (be changed to after 2016 ' think it is No. 10 strong '), start to carry out wide field trial in the whole province, plant experimentally, demonstrate and multiple spot variety protection
Test；2016~2017 annual yield reach 3203.36kg667m-2, than own-rooted tree volume increase 15.88%.(as shown in Figure 3).
Two, variety comparative test result
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that wherein present invention seed selection obtains ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting and connect watermelon such as Fig. 4
It is shown；The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that present invention seed selection obtains ' thinks No. 10 strong ' seedling and seed, fruit such as Fig. 5 institute
Show.
(1) character is grafted
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' think of is No. 10 strong ' seedling growing way is steady, and hypocotyl is not easy hollow and excessive growth, easily transfers
It connects, good with watermelon affinity, grafting ' early good ' (8424) survival rate average out to 94.10% relatively compares all-round armor and improves
4.43%.
(2) phenological period
It is strong that small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' (8424) growing way, and early spring growth is compared with from root
Seedling is fast, and ' all-round armor ' Grafted Watermelon flowering time is identical, compared with own-rooted tree 1~3d of prematurity, fruit development period early spring first
Criticize 35~38d.
(3) fruit yield
Variety test is carried out on Ningbo, Pinghu, Deqing and other places within 2016~2017 years.
2016 small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 2869~3184kg667m of yield-2,
Average out to 3002kg667m-2, compared with ' all-round armor ' (average product 2971g kg667m-2) volume increase 1.04%, compared with own-rooted tree
(average product 2536kg667m-2) volume increase 18.37%.
2017 small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 3213~3660kg667m of yield-2,
Average out to 3404kg667m-2, compared with ' all-round armor ' (average product 3370kg667m-2) volume increase 1.01%, compared with own-rooted tree
(average product 2992kg667m-2) volume increase 13.76%.
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 2869~3660kg667m of yield-2, 2 annuals
For 3203kg667m-2, relatively control ' all-round armor ' grafting ' early good ' (average product 3171kg667m-2) high by 1.02%, compared with
Own-rooted tree compares (average product 2764kg667m-2) high by 15.88%.
(4) grafting tree characteristics
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' main root prosperity, and lower temperature resistance is stronger, and spring growth is fast, and grafting is ' early
It is good ' main stem long 205.17cm when blooming, relatively control ' all-round armor ' long 0.41cm, 28.83cm long compared with own-rooted tree, multiple testing sites
Show significant difference.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafts ' early good ' main stem transverse diameter 0.56cm, relatively control ' all-round armor ' thin 0.02cm, relatively certainly
The thick 0.03cm of offspring.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' growing way is strong compared with own-rooted tree, with ' all-round armor ' grafting growing way is close.
(5) fruit properties
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' fruit mean fruit weight 5.34kg, compared with ' all-round iron
' early good ' 5.28kg of first ' grafting increases 0.05kg, increases 0.50kg, fruit shapes (fruit type compared with ' early good ' own-rooted tree 4.84kg
Index) it is basically unchanged.' think strong No. 10 ' grafting ' early good ' pericarp be averaged thickness 1.13cm, thin compared with ' early good ' that ' all-round armor ' is grafted
0.04cm is 0.08cm thicker than own-rooted tree.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' fruit center pol 11.40~12.50%, average out to
11.93%, it is higher than ' ' early good ' (11.83%) and own-rooted tree (11.80%) of all-round armor ' grafting.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting
' early good ' fruit margin pol 7.48~8.06%, average out to 7.71% are higher than ' ' early good ' of all-round armor ' grafting
(7.66%).' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' fruit mouthfeel is more crisp, with own-rooted tree no significant difference, ' after all-round armor ' grafting
Part test point flesh texture is harder.
(6) disease resistance
Variety comparative test does not find infection watermelon the result shows that small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good '
The plant of wilt disease, own-rooted tree wilt disease disease incidence are 0~20%, average out to 11.1%, use ' think strong No. 10 ' grafting can be with
Effectively prevent watermelon blight.
Three, the feature for the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that the present invention obtains
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' is giant pumpkin and musky gourd half-blood, and plant overgrows, root
System is flourishing；Stem is five prismatics, bottle green；Blade palmate；Anther Abortion；First female flower section is 9~12 section of main stem, and main side is climing
It can bear fruit, fruit is oblate, and tender fruit yellow has a hickie, and aging melon is orange, hickie；Fruit development period about 45 days, single fruit weight
0.8~1.2 kilogram；Kind skin white, thousand grain weigth 105-115g.It is identified through the plant of academy of agricultural sciences of Zhejiang Province is micro-, highly resistance watermelon is withered
It withers disease.
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' main root prosperity, and absorption ability of nutrient is strong, and growing way is steady, and grafting optimum period is long, under
Plumular axis is not easy excessive growth and hollow, and grafting affinity is good, with 94% or more the variety of watermelon graft survival rate such as ' early good '；Symbiosis is affine
Property it is strong, lower temperature resistance and heat-resisting quantity are relatively strong, and grafting ' early good ' watermelon growing way is better than own-rooted tree, easily bear fruit；Spring first
Melon is bloomed to harvesting 35~38d, 25~27d of summer and autumn；' thinking No. 10 strong ' moisture-proof is slightly weak.
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' is distinguished with other stock varieties:
It 1, is giant pumpkin and musky gourd first-filial generation, seed is small, and mass of 1000 kernel 110g (all-round armor 250g), seed is horizontal
Diameter 7.70mm indulges diameter 13.51mm, and thick 3.32mm (10.12 × 19.09 × 3.82mm of all-round armor), it is horizontal that cotyledon flattens phase cotyledon
Diameter 3.0cm indulges diameter 4.4cm, thick 0.88cm (4.2 × 5.7 × 0.96cm of all-round armor)；
2, cotyledon area is small, does not shade mutually after grafting, can effectively reduce leaves density, prevents the excessive generation of seedling humidity
Disease is easy to grafting and managing after grafting.
3, it is suitble to that 50 hole hole plate seedling growths, budding are neat, hypocotyl is not easy hollow and excessive growth, growing way is steady, graft survival rate
It is high.
Four, suitable planting range
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' is suitble to the grafting of watermelons such as ' early good ' (8424), is suitble to Zhejiang periphery
Similar ecotope facility cultivation.The kind moisture-proof is slightly weak, be not suitable for plantation in area of heavy rainfull, the higher plot of soil moisture and
Outdoor cropping.
Five, grafting cultivation technical essential
1, graft seedling growth
The seed through sterilization processing is selected in stock and scion.Spring starts nursery in early December~early Febuary, autumn in
July starts nursery.Select the hole plate seedling growth in 50 holes.The method of plant propagation with cutting is preferably used to graft, stock was compared with scion early sowing 5~7 days.It is passed through when grafting
Often carry out disinfection to the tool of grafting.At 25~28 DEG C, relative air humidity 95% or so is kept away for preceding 3 days temperature control after grafting
Exempt from strong light direct beam；Temperature is gradually decreased from the 4th day after grafting, it is aeration-cooling；Common seedling management is pressed after 7~10 days.Spring 3~4
The field planting of 1 heart of leaf should carry out hardening 25~35 days after general grafting before field planting；1~2 leaf of autumn, 1 heart field planting, 10 after general grafting
~15 days.
2, site preparation, field planting
The wide 2.5m of furrow (even ditch), the high 20cm or more of furrow.Field planting should carry out site preparation and fertilization in first 30 days.Fertilizer need to be few compared with own-rooted tree
Apply 20% or more, Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.Mu basal dressing: decomposed manure 1000kg, 25~30kg of compound fertilizer of Norway,
25 kilograms of potassium sulfate 10kg, calcium magnesium phosphate, 70% ploughs under in soil, and 30% trench digging applies.Leveling furrow face is watered in right amount, is laid with drop
It fills, covering mulch.General spacing in the rows is 40~50cm, every 667m when field planting2300~500 plants of field planting, grafting interface is higher than when field planting
Native face 1cm or more.
3, fertilizer and water management
7~10 days after bearing fruit, every 667m2Apply multi-component composite fertilizer 15kg+ potassium sulfate (liquid manure) 10kg.
4, it prunes
Three climing pruning methods are generally used, 2 healthy and strong lateral bines are selected and remain between main stem 5-8 piece, remaining whole is removed.It cannot bury
Soil pressure is climing, in order to avoid adventitious root is born and susceptible on section.
5, melon is stayed in pollination
1st female flower will be extractd in time, and the female flower for selecting and remain the 2nd or the 3rd section, which is pollinated, stays melon, 3 after morning male flower is open
It pollinates in hour, male flower anthocaulus is gently pinched with hand, male flower petal is removed, pollen is evenly coated in 3 column caps of gynoecium
On, it sees on pistil stigma until having apparent yellow pollen grain.If female pickled cucumbers handle elongation bending in the 2nd day afternoon, ovary are obvious
It expands, shows to pollinate successfully；If melon handle upwards or is extended straight forward, shows not award powder, female should be taken again at next at this time
It pollinates.Every a batch sits 1, melon.
6, timely collecting
' early good ' variety of watermelon melon skin is thin, melon easy to crack, and 30~40 days after general pollination, the jaundice of microtia leaf turns withered, melon skin hair
It is bright have can be harvested when ripe phase.
7, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Watermelon disease mainly has downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial angular leaf spot, wilt disease etc., and insect pest has Liriomyza and aphid
Deng.
Six, seeding technique main points
1, nursery quantity
Father, maternal plant ratio are 1:8.Planting density is 330 plants to Ningbo area female parent per acre, and male parent needs out in prediction on such basis
Want nursery quantity.
2, seedbed preparation
Sowing time is mid-March, and seed soaking and vernalization are carried out before sowing.It soaks seed 4~6 hours, soaks in 30 DEG C of warm water
The vernalization at 25~28 DEG C after being wrapped with wet towel, sowing when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally are cleaned after kind.The seed for choosing bud is seeded into
(electricity heating line is first completed below nutritive cube before broadcasting) in 10cm nutritive cube, carry out seedling management and work, nurturing staff, 2~3
True leaf can be colonized.
3, prepare before field planting
Draining should be selected good, illumination is good, the soil plantation of fertile soil, and requires around do not have pumpkin kind in 1000 meters
It plants.Mid-March carries out ploughing soil, makes soil sufficiently dry, and performs furrow in late March, furrow wide 3.0m, furrow width 0.4m, ditch
Deep 0.3m, close to furrow two sides trench digging basal dressing.Base manure per acre: decomposed dung 2000kg, compound fertilizer 15kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg,
Borax 1kg, and 135cm wide black mulch film is spread in furrow center.
4, male parent field manages
To keep differentiation male flower more, development completely, should keep higher temperature in Small plastic shed, and day temperature is controlled 20~35
Degree.Climing to all melons to be allowed to free growth, guarantee has a large amount of male flower to be used for pollination.
5, maternal cultivation
It pinches when 41 heart of leaf of seedling, every plant is stayed 2 healthy and strong sons climing, remaining is destroyed as early as possible.In the climing elongation process of son, in time
The grandson that erases is climing, the male flower flower bud at every axil of thoroughly erasing, and until topping, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant at son climing 0.5m, 1.5m, promotes adventitious root
Quickly occur.Climing 2.5~the 3m of length of son.Every climing that son can be pinched when 2~3 female buds is climing top.
6, artificial pollination
Daily 7:00 or so, maternal female flower opens.It should pollinate immediately.Male parent male flower 1 is taken, it is only remaining male to remove corolla
Stamen is gently uniformly smeared in maternal column cap with stamen.To improve setting percentage.Every male parent male flower can be 1~3 maternal female flower
Pollination, clamps maternal corolla with iron wire after pollination, prevents insect and other pollen from entering, to guarantee seed purity.Pollination
15~20d of phase.
7, top dressing
Compound fertilizer 10kg is imposed after bearing fruit per acre, fruit growth to middle and later periods chases after once again, chases after compound fertilizer 15kg per acre.
8, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Disease mainly prevents and treats virosis and powdery mildew.Virosis can use the alternating sprays such as virus A, virazole prevention and treatment: white powder
Disease is alternately prevented and treated in front of the onset and after the onset with miaow bacterium ester, difenoconazole etc..Pest mainly prevents eliminating aphis, bollworm and pickles
Moth etc..Aphid can be prevented and treated with imidacloprid and pymetrozine alternating spray；20% Rynaxypyr, cyanogen such as bollworm, diamondback moth
Flutolanil etc. is alternately prevented and treated.
9, it harvests
45~50d after the pollination of maternal female flower, pumpkin melon skin are aging in orange, (early July left side when melon seedling dries up substantially
It is right) it can harvest.Melon is first taken concentration to set in a cool and dry place, makes its abundant 7~10d of after-ripening.With medicines such as Cupravits before 16 years of age
Melon is soaked in agent, prevents bacterial disease.Cut open melon and take seed, by seed in clear water rinsed clean, use 2%H2O215~20min is handled,
It is placed on the gauze hanged and dries 3d or so repeatedly, stored after seed is completely dried.Melon can not be cutd open rainy days by, which paying attention to, takes seed, sternly
Prohibit wet seed directly to shine on cement floor.
10, yield
The northwest production of hybrid seeds generally 30~40 kilograms of seed production per acre, purity 98%, 85% or more germination percentage, moisture content
8% or less.
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that 2 breeding of embodiment obtains ' thinks No. 10 strong ' variety test
The following are 2016~2017 years ' thinking No. 10 strong ' variety test results to summarize content
1 profile test
In order to the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind of new breeding ' think strong No. 10 ' adaptability, disease resistance, grafting performance and
The characters such as quality of watermelon, yield are investigated and identified, with ' all-round armor ' stock (CK1) and ' early good ' own-rooted tree (CK2)
For control.Development multiple years test in 2016~2017 years.Testing site is respectively that Ningbo Agricultural High-tech experiment garden is (peaceful
Wave), Pinghu City green field fruits and vegetables Specialty Co-operative Organization (Pinghu) and Deqing Xin Tian agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd (Deqing).
2 results and analysis
1) phenological period
1 multiple spot variety test phenological period of table overview unit: day month, day
As seen from Table 1, small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' compared with ' all-round armor ' control is early opened
1~2 day is spent, compared with own-rooted tree prematurity 1~3 day, main cause was that grafting lower temperature resistance is preferable, and early spring, growth was compared with from root
Seedling is fast.Fruit development period is almost the same, is 33~35 days.
2) character is grafted
Test result shows (such as table 2) that small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' think of is No. 10 strong ' seedling growing way is steady, is not easy sky
The heart and excessive growth are conducive to graft operation, and grafting ' early good (8424) ' survival rate average out to 94.10% relatively compares annual armor and mentions
High by 4.43%, and ' early good (8424) ' Grafting watermelon affinity is good.
Table 2 ' thinking No. 10 strong ' and tree characteristics comparative unit: %, cm
3) grafting tree characteristics
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that the present invention obtains ' thinks No. 10 strong ' main root prosperity, and lower temperature resistance is stronger, and spring is raw
Long fast, main stem long 205.17cm when grafting ' early good ' is bloomed, relatively control ' all-round armor ' long 0.41cm are long compared with own-rooted tree
28.83cm, multiple testing sites show significant difference.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' main stem transverse diameter 0.56cm, relatively compares ' all-round
Armor ' thin 0.02cm, 0.03cm thick compared with own-rooted tree.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' growing way own-rooted tree is strong, with ' all-round armor '
Grafting growing way is close.(as shown in table 2).
4) fruit properties
Small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that the present invention obtains ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' fruit properties compare can by table 3
See, test result shows ' think strong No. 10 ' grafting ' early good ' fruit 4.78~6.10kg of mean fruit weight, transfers compared with ' all can armor '
' early good ' (4.75~5.89kg) connect averagely increases 0.05kg, averagely increases compared with ' early good ' own-rooted tree (4.01~5.41kg)
0.50kg, vertical diameter, the transverse diameter of corresponding fruit are all larger than own-rooted tree, but fruit shapes (aspect ratio) are basically unchanged.' thinking No. 10 strong '
Grafting ' early good ' pericarp be averaged thickness 1.13cm, 0.08cm thicker than own-rooted tree compared with ' early good ' thin 0.04cm that ' all-round armor ' is grafted.
' think strong No. 10 ' grafting ' early good ' fruit center pol 11.40~12.50%, average out to 11.93% are higher than ' all can armor ' and transfer
' early good ' (11.83%) and the own-rooted tree (11.80%) connect.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' fruit margin pol 7.48~
8.06%, average out to 7.71% is higher than ' ' early good ' (7.66%) of all-round armor ' grafting.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' fruit
Real mouthfeel is more crisp, and with own-rooted tree no significant difference, ' part test point flesh texture is harder after all-round armor ' grafting.
Table 3 ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' compared with ' all-round armor ', own-rooted tree fruit properties
Unit: kg, cm, %
5) fruit yield
Variety test is carried out on Ningbo, Pinghu, Deqing and other places within 2016~2017 years.Output statistics is the result shows that (table
4), 2016 ' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 2869~3184kg667m of yield-2, average out to 3002kg667m-2, compared with
' all-round armor ' (average product 2971g kg667m-2) volume increase 1.04%, compared with own-rooted tree (average product 2536kg667m-2) volume increase 18.37%.' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 3213~3660kg667m of yield in 2017-2, average out to
3404kg·667m-2, compared with ' all-round armor ' (average product 3370kg667m-2) volume increase 1.01%, it is (average to produce compared with own-rooted tree
Measure 2992kg667m-2) volume increase 13.76%.
' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' 2869~3660kg667m of yield-2, 2 annuals are 3203kg667m-2,
Compared with control ' all-round armor ' grafting ' early good ' (average product 3171kg667m-2) high by 1.02%, it is (average to produce compared with own-rooted tree control
Measure 2764kg667m-2) high by 15.88%.
Table 4 ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' and ' all-round armor ', own-rooted tree Yield comparison
Unit: kg/667m2, %
6) disease resistance
Wilt disease is that most serious disease is endangered on cultivating watermelon, and grafting can effectively prevent watermelon blight.Variety comparative test
As a result (table 2) shows the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind ' thinking No. 10 strong ' of the invention obtained and ' all-round armor ' grafting ' early good ' not
It was found that the plant of infection watermelon blight, and own-rooted tree experimental field has morbidity in different, disease incidence is flat in 0~20%, 2 year
It is 11.11%, illustrates that watermelon blight can be prevented and treated substantially for stock grafting ' early good ' with ' thinking No. 10 strong '.
3 conclusion (of pressure testing)s
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that 2016~2017 years present invention obtain ' thinks No. 10 strong ' grafting ' early good ' product and has a competition
Test the result shows that, ' think strong No. 10 ' growing way is steady, and hypocotyl is not easy hollow, resistance to excessive growth, transfers with middle fruit type variety of watermelon ' early good '
It is strong to connect affinity, high graft survival rate；Symbiosis affinity is strong, and ' thinking No. 10 strong ' grafting shows the control efficiency of watermelon blight
For highly resistance.Grafting ' early good ' fruit development period is 32~35 days, equal 5.34 kilograms of single melon galassing, compared with ' all-round armor ' grafting is ' early
It is good ' and own-rooted tree increase weight respectively 0.05 kilogram and 0.50 kilogram；Center pol average out to 11.93%, edge pol average out to
7.71%, center pol is above ' ' early good ' of all-round armor ' grafting and own-rooted tree, mouthfeel and own-rooted tree indifference.' think strong
No. 10 ' grafting ' early good ' 2868~3660kg667m of yield-2, average out to 3203kg667m-2, relatively control ' all-round armor '
Grafting ' early good ' is high by 1.02%, high compared with own-rooted tree by 15.88%.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind, is characterized in that: the following steps are included:
(1) genetic development obtains
By to Pumpkin Germplasm resource survey, in conjunction with breeding objective, select seed size significant difference two parts of material NMO83 and
XBZM, mass of 1000 kernel are respectively 110g and 160g；By the two, Parent hybridizes each other, obtains Hybrid F1 and RF1, then
Selfing is carried out to F1 and obtains F2 generation, and BC1 generation is obtained to F1 and NM083 backcrossing；Next season plant simultaneously NMO83, XBZM,
F1, RF1, F2 and BC1；Thousand grain weigth is investigated after fruit maturation, as a result the mass of 1000 kernel of F1 and RF1 be respectively 178g and
214g, is relatively close to big grain parent XBZM, F2 group and BC1 group shows as continuity distribution, and is partial to big grain；Cause
This pumpkin seed size is quantitative character, and granule is recessiveness relative to big grain；Single melon seed number is investigated simultaneously, group parent
This NMO83, XBZM and the mono- melon seed number of F1, RF1 are respectively 327,229,250 and 245, significantly close to seed
The less parent XBZM of grain, and F2 group and BC1 group are partial velocities, it is intended to the less parent of seed；Therefore single melon
Kernal number it is more relative to less for stealth；It therefore is the small seed type of breeding, the stock variety more than single melon seed number, parents' selection
Need to be smaller for seed, the more material of single melon seed number；
(2) male parent breeding
The paternal origin of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind is in the stock variety ' fiery phoenix ' collected from Shandong, number SD08；The
Systematic breeding is carried out to this part of stock material from 1 year spring；According to male parent breeding goal: well developed root system, disease resistance, resistance
By force, it is not easy early ageing, single melon seed amount is more, seed is smaller and full, and the stringent selfing of totally 7 generations is screened by annual 2 season, breeding
Lower temperature resistance is preferable out, blooms and bears fruit earliest, and field resistance is preferable, and single melon seed amount is more, and plant overgrows, well developed root system,
Growth potential is medium, and blade has hickie, and the suitable self-mating system SD08-5-2-11-8-3-4 (P63) of fruit appearance index meets small seed
The male parent breeding goal of swage block wood breed breeding；Its mass of 1000 kernel is 95-105g, and single melon seed grain number is 220-300；
(3) maternal breeding
The female parent of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind derives from Shandong Grafting watermelon stock variety ' snow-white ', number XB07；Second
Year spring is snow-white in number XB07 ' ' the discovery fertile giant pumpkin plant of male flower in the seedling of stock variety, male flower is fertile
Giant pumpkin plant be strictly selfed respectively, obtain F2 seed, number is XB07-1~5；Then according to maternal breeding mesh
Mark: comprehensive resistance is strong, and well developed root system, growing way is preferable, and female flower is bloomed morning, and seed is smaller, and single melon seed number is more；By annual 2 season
In totally 6 generations, were strictly selfed screening, selected main root prosperity, and plant overgrows, and growing way is medium, precocious, fruit subcircular, single fruit weight 1.6-
The stronger self-mating system XB07-4-16-3-8-5 (P73) of 2.0kg, pericarp light orange, high temperature resistant and lower temperature resistance, mass of 1000 kernel
For 100-110g, seed grain number is 250-300；
(4) breeding of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind
5th year autumn was female parent with the small seed giant pumpkin XB07-4-16-3-8-5 (P73) that step (3) obtains, with step (2)
The musky gourd SD08-5-2-11-8-3-4 (P63) of acquisition is that male parent carries out hybridization combo, obtains giant pumpkin and musky gourd
The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind of hybridization, mass of 1000 kernel 105-115g, single melon seed number are 250-300；And pass through kind ratio
The shape of Cultivars is confirmed compared with test.
2. the selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (2)
Fruit appearance index be suitably to choose that fruit is oblate, and pericarp khaki has wax powder, the fruit of 1.4~1.6kg of single fruit weight.
3. the selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (2)
Disease resistance include anti-watermelon blight resistance, the identification of the anti-watermelon blight resistance carries out inoculation mirror using bacterium local method
It is fixed.
4. the selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (3)
Comprehensive resistance include watermelon blight resistance, the identification of the watermelon blight resistance carries out inoculation mirror using bacterium local method
It is fixed.
5. the selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (4)
Hybridization combo carried out according to the genetic development of seed size obtained by step (1) and single melon seed number.
6. the selection of small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (3)
Confirmed by shape of the variety test to Cultivars, the specific steps are as follows: spring is by the giant pumpkin of acquisition
' early good ' variety of watermelon comparative test is grafted with the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind of musky gourd hybridization, test result is shown
The pumpkin rootstock Performance of cultivar that the present invention obtains is excellent: high graft survival rate, scion plant growing way is strong after grafting, and blade is dark green,
Well-grown under early spring cryogenic conditions blooms and bears fruit 1~3 day early compared with own-rooted tree, scion fruit single fruit weight, pol, mouthfeel with from
Offspring is without significant difference, and pol is compared with own-rooted tree height, and meat is crisp, free from extraneous odour；Autumn carries out Grafted Watermelon variety comparative test again, knot
Fruit shows that the small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind plant strain growth that obtains of the present invention is normal, and heat-resisting quantity is good, fruit mouthfeel, pol with from
For offspring without significant difference, malformed fruit is few；The small seed type pumpkin rootstock kind that the present invention obtains is in annual variety comparative test result
It shows optimal.
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| CN114097607A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-03-01 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Cross breeding method of long cylindrical orange melons |
| CN114402994A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Method for breeding perennial wild watermelon stock variety |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102204508A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Interspecific cross breeding method for cucurbit (melon rootstock) |
| CN107912295A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-17 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of high-quality, high yield pumpkin new varieties breeding method |
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2018
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102204508A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Interspecific cross breeding method for cucurbit (melon rootstock) |
| CN107912295A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-17 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of high-quality, high yield pumpkin new varieties breeding method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114097607A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-03-01 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Cross breeding method of long cylindrical orange melons |
| CN114402994A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Method for breeding perennial wild watermelon stock variety |
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| CN109329043B (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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