CN111528025B - Method for shortening breeding years of potatoes - Google Patents
Method for shortening breeding years of potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528025B CN111528025B CN202010517321.4A CN202010517321A CN111528025B CN 111528025 B CN111528025 B CN 111528025B CN 202010517321 A CN202010517321 A CN 202010517321A CN 111528025 B CN111528025 B CN 111528025B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention provides a method for shortening the breeding period of potatoes, and belongs to the technical field of crop breeding. The method comprises the steps of cultivating potato virus-free seedlings in an aerosol culture chamber in 3 months of 1 year, harvesting seedling potatoes in 1 month of 2 years, planting the seedlings in a greenhouse in Jilin areas in ten days of 4 months, screening in 8 months to obtain excellent single-plant potato blocks, planting the excellent single-plant potato blocks in 11 months in the same year in additional generations in Fujian areas, harvesting single-plant potato blocks at the end of 2 months in 3 years, repeating a planting mode of two seasons and three seasons in 4-5 years and 6-7 years, and simultaneously carrying out potato clone identification and evaluation. And simultaneously carrying out regional tests and production of the new potato variety at a plurality of planting points in Jilin and Fujian areas in 8-9 years, testing the potatoes, and registering the new potato variety qualified in the test in 10 years. The invention shortens the breeding time of the new variety from 13 years to 10 years, greatly shortens the breeding speed of the new potato variety, and accelerates the demonstration and popularization pace of the new variety and the updating speed of the new variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a method for shortening the breeding period of potatoes.
Background
The conventional potato crossbreeding is an indispensable important means in new variety breeding, but the potato crossbreeding has a long service life, generally 13 years are required from the crossbreeding pollination to the completion of the new variety breeding (see potato breeding science and Sunwiki Master edition), and the seedling seeds obtained by crossbreeding cannot be utilized in the current year due to the dormancy stage, even if the dormancy is broken by gibberellin, the germination rate is only 50% -60%, waste is easy to cause, the seedling growth vigor is weak, and the like. These factors can prolong the breeding period of new potato variety, so as to reduce the selection speed of new variety and limit the development of new variety and specific variety.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for shortening the breeding period of potatoes, which can effectively shorten the breeding period to less than 10 years.
The invention provides a method for shortening the breeding period of potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
1) cultivating potato virus-free seedlings in an aerial fog cultivation room in 3 months of the 1 st year, carrying out hybrid pollination, harvesting fruiting fruits, collecting fruiting seeds, selecting the fruiting seeds according to the hybrid requirements in 8-9 months, accelerating germination, sowing and transplanting the germinated seeds to obtain seedlings;
2) harvesting a seedling potato from each seedling in 1 month of the 2 nd year, and forming a family with the same hybrid combination potato block; planting the family in the greenhouse in Jilin area in 4 months of the late ten days, and screening excellent single-plant potato blocks according to potato block shape standards in each family in 8-9 months; in 11 months in the same year, the potato blocks are cultivated in a single-plant-line mode in a winter crop area in Fujian areas for generation-adding planting;
3) at the end of 2 months of the 3 rd year, excellent single-plant potato blocks planted in the Fujian area in the step 2) are screened according to a clone identification and evaluation method; planting the screened excellent single-line potato blocks in open field of Jilin area in the beginning of 5 months in the same year, and performing clone identification and evaluation again to further screen the excellent single-line potato blocks; carrying out generation-adding planting on the further screened excellent single-line potato blocks in the winter crop area of Fujian region in 11 months in the same year;
4) repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 4 th to 5 th years, and respectively carrying out clone identification and evaluation in the Jilin area and the Fujian area;
repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 6 th to 7 th years, and respectively carrying out multi-year multi-ecological site adaptability evaluation in the Jilin area and the Fujian area;
5) carrying out regional tests and production of new potato varieties simultaneously on single-plant potato blocks obtained by screening in the 7 th year at a plurality of planting points in Jilin areas and Fujian areas in 8-9 years, and carrying out potato tests on the produced potato blocks;
6) registering the new potato variety tested to be qualified in the step 5).
Preferably, the main indexes of the clone identification and evaluation method comprise the shape, the skin color, the flesh color and the yield traits of potato tubers;
the selection standard of the excellent single-line potato blocks is that the potato peels are smooth, the bud eyes are not obvious, the flesh color is yellow or white, and the yield of the potato blocks is increased by more than 10 percent compared with the yield of the local popular potato cultivars.
Preferably, the method for evaluating the adaptability of the multi-year multi-ecological site in the step 4) is to select a variety with stable yield and character and excellent disease resistance, meet the requirement of good taste for fresh food varieties, and meet the requirements of dry matter content of more than 20% by mass and starch content of more than 17% by mass for processed varieties.
Preferably, the potato tests include potato DUS tests, potato late blight and viral disease tests, potato transgene tests and potato quality tests.
Preferably, the cross pollination in step 1) is performed in the middle and last ten days of 5 months; the harvesting of the fruits is carried out in the last 7 th month; the collecting of the seedling seeds is performed at the beginning of 8 months.
Preferably, the sowing in the step 1) is sowing the germinated seeds into a seedling raising tray; transplanting seedlings with the height of not less than 5cm into nutrition pots, wherein each nutrition pot is transplanted with one strain.
Preferably, the potato block shape standard in the step 2) comprises smooth potato skin, unobvious bud eyes, round or oval potato blocks;
the excellent single-plant-line potato blocks refer to potato blocks with smooth potato skins, unobvious bud eyes, and round or oval shapes.
According to the method for shortening the breeding period of the potatoes, firstly, the seedling seeds obtained by cross pollination based on the aerial fog cultivation technology do not have a dormancy stage, the annual production can be utilized, the germination rate is over 85 percent, and the breeding time of 1 year can be shortened; and secondly, the advantages of the Jilin area and the Fujian area in two places, summer, autumn and winter are fully utilized, for example, the planting is carried out in the 4 th ten days of the Jilin area every year, the harvesting is carried out in the 8 th-9 th ten days of the Jilin area, the potato blocks harvested in the same year in 11 months are planted in the Fujian area in generations, and the potato blocks are harvested in the next year in 2 months. The potato blocks harvested in the Fujian region are planted in the Jilin region at the beginning of 5 months, are planted in a circulating mode every year, and the effective connection of time difference between the south and the north is utilized, so that the breeding times are increased, meanwhile, the planting time is shortened, the breeding speed of new varieties is increased, and the breeding time can be shortened by 2-3 years at the stage. According to the invention, through two-part and three-season preferable generation addition, the breeding time of the new variety at present can be shortened from 13 years to 10 years, the breeding speed of the new potato variety is greatly shortened, the demonstration and popularization pace of the new variety is accelerated, and the updating speed of the new variety is accelerated.
Meanwhile, the method provided by the invention can effectively breed new varieties which are only suitable for one-season northern culture areas and only suitable for southern winter culture areas or are suitable for the two areas simultaneously, and increases the selection probability of the preferred varieties.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for shortening the breeding period of potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
1) cultivating potato virus-free seedlings in an aerial fog cultivation room in 3 months of the 1 st year, carrying out hybrid pollination, harvesting fruiting fruits, collecting fruiting seeds, selecting the fruiting seeds according to the hybrid requirements in 8-9 months, accelerating germination, sowing and transplanting the germinated seeds to obtain seedlings;
2) harvesting a seedling potato from each seedling in 1 month of the 2 nd year, and forming a family with the same hybrid combination potato block; planting the family in the greenhouse in Jilin area in 4 months of the late ten days, and screening excellent single-plant potato blocks according to potato block shape standards in each family in 8-9 months; in 11 months in the same year, the potato blocks are cultivated in a single-plant-line mode in a winter crop area in Fujian areas for generation-adding planting;
3) at the end of 2 months of the 3 rd year, excellent single-plant potato blocks planted in the Fujian area in the step 2) are screened according to a clone identification and evaluation method; planting the screened excellent single-line potato blocks in open field of Jilin area in the beginning of 5 months in the same year, and performing clone identification and evaluation again to further screen the excellent single-line potato blocks; carrying out generation-adding planting on the further screened excellent single-line potato blocks in the winter crop area of Fujian region in 11 months in the same year;
4) repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 4 th to 5 th years, and respectively carrying out clone identification and evaluation in the Jilin area and the Fujian area;
repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 6 th to 7 th years, and respectively carrying out multi-year multi-ecological site adaptability evaluation in the Jilin area and the Fujian area;
5) carrying out regional tests and production of new potato varieties simultaneously on single-plant potato blocks obtained by screening in the 7 th year at a plurality of planting points in Jilin areas and Fujian areas in 8-9 years, and carrying out potato tests on the produced potato blocks;
6) registering the new potato variety tested to be qualified in the step 5).
The method comprises the steps of cultivating potato virus-free seedlings in an aerial fog cultivation room in 3 months of 1 year, carrying out hybrid pollination, harvesting fruits, collecting seeds, selecting seeds according to the hybrid requirement in 8-9 months, accelerating germination, sowing and transplanting the germinated seeds to obtain seedlings.
In the present invention, the cross pollination is preferably performed in the middle and late 5 months; the harvesting of the fruits is preferably carried out in the last 7 th month; the harvesting of the seed is preferably performed at the beginning of 8 months. The method of cross pollination in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a cross pollination method known in the art may be used. The method of the present invention for accelerating germination is not particularly limited, and a method for accelerating germination known in the art may be used. The sowing is preferably to sow the germinated seeds into a seedling tray; transplanting seedlings with the height not less than 5cm into nutrition pots, wherein each nutrition pot is transplanted with one strain. The seedling seeds cultured in the aerial fog cultivation room do not have dormancy problem, the time for breaking dormancy is reduced, meanwhile, the cultivation in the aerial fog cultivation room is not limited by seasons, the cultivation of parents can be realized in 3 months, the problem that crops can not be planted in early spring in Jilin areas is solved, and the breeding time of 1 year is shortened.
After obtaining the seedling, harvesting one seedling potato from each seedling in 1 month of the 2 nd year, and forming a family with the same hybrid combination potato block; planting the family in the greenhouse in Jilin area in 4 months of the late ten days, and screening excellent single-plant potato blocks according to potato block shape standards in each family in 8-9 months; and in 11 months in the same year, the excellent single-line potato blocks are cultivated in a winter crop area of Fujian region according to a single line to carry out generation-adding planting.
In the invention, one seedling potato is harvested from each seedling, namely one seedling potato is selected from a nutrition pot to construct a family, and the selection standard is preferably a potato block shape standard. When the family is planted, the seedling potatoes belonging to the same family are preferably planted in the same area.
In the present invention, the potato piece morphology criteria preferably include smooth potato skin, insignificant eye, round or oval potato pieces. The excellent single-line potato blocks preferably mean potato blocks with smooth potato skins and inconspicuous eyes, and are round or oval. The excellent single-plant potato blocks are all potato blocks growing under one excellent single plant and are marked for later use. The excellent individual plant is selected from one family, the elimination rate of the individual plant is controlled within the range of 30-40%.
In the present invention, it is preferable that potato pieces harvested from an individual plant are planted in the same area according to the single line cultivation method. The additive planting means that under normal conditions, crops only grow in one season in the Jilin area, but the method utilizes geography and climate of Fujian to plant potato blocks harvested in 8-9 months of the Jilin area in the Fujian area in 11 months every year, and growth time of one year is increased for potato breeding in the Jilin area.
Repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 4 th to 5 th years, and respectively carrying out clone identification and evaluation in Jilin areas and Fujian areas; and (3) repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 6 th to 7 th years, and respectively carrying out multi-year multi-ecological site adaptability evaluation in the Jilin area and the Fujian area.
In the present invention, the main indicators of the clone identification and evaluation method preferably include the shape, skin color, flesh color and yield traits of potato tubers; the selection standard of the excellent single-plant potato block is preferably smooth potato skin, unobvious bud eyes, yellow or white, round or oval potato block with flesh color, and the yield of the potato block is increased by more than 10 percent compared with the yield of a local popular potato cultivar. In the embodiment of the invention, the popular local potato cultivars are Figurita, Eugenia, Yanshu No. 4 and the like.
In the invention, the method for evaluating the adaptability of the multi-year multi-ecological site is preferably to select a variety with stable yield and character and excellent disease resistance, meet the requirement of good taste for fresh food varieties, and meet the requirements of dry matter content of more than 20% by mass and starch content of more than 17% by mass for processed varieties. Said stable yield traits preferably mean that the yield variation per year for the same potato variety is not higher than 10%. The disease resistance is preferably superior to the disease resistance specified by the national industry standard. The requirement of satisfying good taste for the fresh food variety means that more than half of people have good taste evaluation by eating potatoes by 100 local volunteers in Jilin.
After the single-plant-line potato blocks are obtained, in 8-9 years, the single-plant-line potato blocks obtained by screening in 7 th year are subjected to regional test and production of new potato varieties at a plurality of planting points in Jilin areas and Fujian areas simultaneously, and the produced potato blocks are subjected to potato test.
In the present invention, the potato tests preferably include a potato DUS test, a potato late blight and viral disease test, a potato transgene test, and a potato quality test. The potato test is preferably performed in the national DUS test center for new varieties of plants.
In the present invention, the number of the planting points is preferably not less than 3. The method for carrying out the regional test and production of the new potato variety is not particularly limited, and methods for regional test and production of new varieties known in the art may be used.
After potato testing, new potato varieties that were tested to be acceptable in step 5) were registered.
The standard for passing the test is not particularly limited, and the standard for passing the test of the new potato variety well known in the field can be adopted.
In the present invention, it takes 10 years or less to register a new potato variety from the cultivation of a virus-free seedling, and the time is shortened by at least 3 years as compared with the prior art (edited by Sunwihuo Sunweishi).
The method for shortening the breeding life of potatoes provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Planting potato virus-free seedlings in an aerosol culture room in the 1 st year in 3 months, performing hybrid pollination in 20 days in 5 months, harvesting fruits in 5 days in 7 months, performing after-ripening for 1 month, and washing out and drying the seeds in the early 8 months. Selecting seedling seeds according to the hybridization combination and accelerating germination in 5 days after 9 months, sowing the germinated seeds in a seedling tray, transplanting the seedlings into nutrition pots when the height of the seedlings reaches 5cm, and planting one seedling in each nutrition pot.
2. And taking out one potato block from each nutrition pot in 1 month in the 2 nd year to harvest the seedling potatoes, and forming a family with the same hybridized and combined potato blocks. The harvested seedling potato families are planted in a gauze shed in Jilin province in late 4 months, all potato blocks of each well-behaved single plant in each family in 8 months are collected and marked, the poor-behaved single plants are eliminated, the elimination rate is 35%, and the standard for screening the good single plants is that potato blocks are smooth in potato skins, unobvious in bud eyes and round or oval. All potato blocks harvested from a single plant in the winter crop area of Fujian province in 11 months in the same year are planted together for generation addition, and the growth performance of the potato blocks is observed.
3. And (3) harvesting single-strain potato blocks planted in the Fujian province with generation addition at the end of 2 months in 3 years, reserving single plants with particularly good Fujian performance locally for clone identification and evaluation, wherein the clone identification and evaluation method is to select potato blocks with smooth skins, shallow eyes, round or oval shapes, increase the yield by more than 10% compared with Yan potato variety No. 4, and screen good materials suitable for planting in the Fujian province ecological region. And planting the plants in open field of Jilin province in the beginning of 5 months, and carrying out clone identification and evaluation according to the screening method of the Fujian region.
4. The potato clone identification and evaluation was carried out in Jilin province and Fujian province from 4 th to 5 th years to observe lines excellent in stability of yield traits and disease resistance.
5. In the stage of 6 th to 7 th years, the adaptability evaluation of multiple ecological places is carried out in Jilin province and Fujian province for many years, and through observation and selection in the last years, the main selection in the stage is stable in yield and character, excellent in disease resistance, good in taste of fresh food varieties, and attention to dry matter content of processed varieties being more than 20% and starch content being more than 17%.
6. According to the program regulation of the registration of new varieties by the state from 8 th to 9 th, the regional test and the production of the new potato varieties are carried out at different planting points in the Jilin province and the Fujian province simultaneously, so that the best excellent varieties can be determined by observing the excellent yield stability, disease resistance and quality of the new potato varieties in specific areas, and meanwhile, the DUS test of the potato, the late blight and virus disease test of the potato, the transgenic test of the potato and the quality test of the potato are carried out in the DUS test center of the national new plant varieties. The results show that the screened potato variety yield is higher than that of the contrast by more than 10 percent, the potato blocks are round or oval, the peel color and the flesh color of the potato blocks are yellow or white, and the dry matter content is more than 15 percent through the screening and production in the 9 th year.
7. And in the 10 th year, carrying out new potato variety registration to complete new potato variety breeding.
The invention combines the aerosol culture technology with the two-place three-season generation-adding planting mode, shortens the breeding time of the existing new variety from 13 years to within 10 years, greatly shortens the breeding speed of the new potato variety, and accelerates the demonstration and popularization pace of the new variety and the updating and updating speed of the new variety.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for shortening the breeding period of potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cultivating potato virus-free seedlings in an aerial fog cultivation room in 3 months of the 1 st year, carrying out hybrid pollination, harvesting fruiting fruits, collecting fruiting seeds, selecting the fruiting seeds according to the hybrid requirements in 8-9 months, accelerating germination, sowing and transplanting the germinated seeds to obtain seedlings;
2) harvesting a seedling potato from each seedling in 1 month of the 2 nd year, and forming a family with the same hybrid combination potato block; planting the family in the greenhouse in Jilin area in 4 months of the late ten days, and screening excellent single-plant potato blocks according to potato block shape standards in each family in 8-9 months; in 11 months in the same year, the potato blocks are cultivated in a single-plant-line mode in a winter crop area in Fujian areas for generation-adding planting;
3) at the end of 2 months of the 3 rd year, excellent single-plant potato blocks planted in the Fujian area in the step 2) are screened according to a clone identification and evaluation method; planting the screened excellent single-strain potato blocks in open field in Jilin area in the beginning of 5 months in the same year, and performing clone identification and evaluation again in 8-9 months to further screen the excellent single-strain potato blocks; carrying out generation-adding planting on the further screened excellent single-line potato blocks in the winter crop area of Fujian region in 11 months in the same year;
4) repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 4 th to 5 th years, and respectively carrying out clone identification and evaluation in the Jilin area and the Fujian area; repeating the breeding method of the step 3) in 6 th to 7 th years, and respectively carrying out multi-year multi-ecological site adaptability evaluation in the Jilin area and the Fujian area;
5) carrying out regional tests and production of new potato varieties at a plurality of planting points in Jilin areas and Fujian areas simultaneously on the excellent single-plant potato blocks obtained by screening in the 7 th year in 8-9 years, and carrying out potato tests on the produced potato blocks;
6) registering the new potato variety tested to be qualified in the step 5).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the main indicators of the clone identification and evaluation method include shape, skin color, flesh color and yield traits of potato tubers;
the selection standard of the excellent single-line potato block is that the potato peel is smooth, the bud eyes are not obvious, the flesh color is yellow or white, the circular or oval potato block and the yield of the potato block is increased by more than 10 percent compared with the yield of the local popular potato cultivar.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for evaluating the adaptability of the multi-year ecological site in the step 4) is to select a variety with stable yield and character and excellent disease resistance, and the variety meets the requirements of good taste for fresh food varieties and the processed variety meets the requirements of dry matter content of more than 20% by mass and starch content of more than 17% by mass.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said potato tests comprise potato DUS tests, potato late blight and viral disease tests, potato transgene tests, and potato quality tests.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said cross-pollination in step 1) is performed in the middle and late 5 months; the harvesting of the fruits is carried out in the last 7 th month; the collecting of the seedling seeds is performed at the beginning of 8 months.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing in step 1) is sowing of germinated seeds into a nursery tray; transplanting seedlings with the height not less than 5cm into nutrition pots, wherein each nutrition pot is transplanted with one strain.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the potato block morphology standards in step 2) comprise smooth potato skin, unobvious bud eyes, round or oval potato blocks;
the excellent single-plant-line potato blocks refer to potato blocks with smooth potato skins, unobvious bud eyes, and round or oval shapes.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101720666A (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2010-06-09 | 河南农业大学 | Improving method of alternate selection of maize inbred line |
| RU2012129406A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого" (НовГУ) | TIERED METHOD FOR ACCELERATED REPRODUCTION OF POTATO TUBER |
| CN109526732A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method of potato rapid breeding |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101720666A (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2010-06-09 | 河南农业大学 | Improving method of alternate selection of maize inbred line |
| RU2012129406A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого" (НовГУ) | TIERED METHOD FOR ACCELERATED REPRODUCTION OF POTATO TUBER |
| CN109526732A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method of potato rapid breeding |
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