CN107593302B - A method of accelerating New variety of leek and cultivates process - Google Patents
A method of accelerating New variety of leek and cultivates process Download PDFInfo
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- CN107593302B CN107593302B CN201710933343.7A CN201710933343A CN107593302B CN 107593302 B CN107593302 B CN 107593302B CN 201710933343 A CN201710933343 A CN 201710933343A CN 107593302 B CN107593302 B CN 107593302B
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that quickening New variety of leek cultivates process, comprising the following steps: one, selection F3‘‑F5‘It is divided into two parts for the single plant inflorescence of merit, wherein An inflorescence carries out inflorescence disk tissue cultures, and whether Bn inflorescence bagging selfing observation characters of progenies separates；Two, by An inflorescence disk tissue cultures, tissue-culturing rapid propagation group is formed；Three, Bn inflorescence bagging is selfed, screening separation offspring fine individual plant；Four, fast numerous expansion tissue culture scale, constructs elite plant group；Five, it is divided into seedlings, practices seedling and strong sprout；Six, growth management is carried out in field planting to breeding field, harvest seed can be completed New variety of leek and cultivate process after maturation；The method of the present invention accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process, to allow rapid screening out homozygous plants when leek breeding by tissue cultures, bagging selfing, shortening leek breeding time etc., shorten the breeding time of leek, shorten the breeding time limit, the process for accelerating leek breeding improves leek breeding efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of vegetable cultivation more particularly to a kind of methods accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process.
Background technique
Leek is originating in China, and cultivation history is long, is to integrate one of vegetables, spice, Chinese special vegetable of health care,
It is one of the main vegetables that urban and rural residents, China are fond of, but leek breeding time is long plus Constantly allogamous characteristic, field planting
The elite germplasm informative population time is long, and purity is relatively low, easily generation trait segregation, leek by fine individual plant to strain, to strain
Screen reproductive process, not only the time is long, and purity it is difficult to ensure that, this not only restricts New variety of leek Breeding Progress, also restricts
New varieties fast breedings is promoted.
Leek conventional breeding from harvest cross combination seed, it is preferred single to plantation Hybrids F1, plantation F2 segregating population, plantation
Strain, arrives variety comparative test, regional testing at elite plant strain, smoothly needed for 12~15 years, seriously constrains leek germplasm innovation
Breeding process.Leek male sterile line can be saved using tissue culture technique, but advanced fast breeding technique and leek breeding are real
Trampling is to disconnect, and does not play due effect.Existing leek traditional breeding techniques is since breeding cycle is long and good variety population rule
The mould informative population time is long, not only causes leek breeding efficiency low cost high, and quickening breeding produced in apply
New variety of leek majority is composite variety, and pure line cultivar is seldom.This not only lowers breeding quality, also constrain New variety of leek
Elite germplasm potentiality give full play to, therefore need a kind of method that quickening New variety of leek cultivates process.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose to it is a kind of quickening New variety of leek cultivate process method,
To allow rapid screening out homozygous plants when leek breeding by tissue cultures, bagging selfing, the method for shortening leek breeding time,
The breeding time for shortening leek substantially reduces the breeding time limit of leek, accelerates the process of leek breeding, it is normal to improve leek
Advise the efficiency of breeding.
Technical solution that the present invention is taken to solve the above-mentioned problems are as follows: a kind of New variety of leek of accelerating cultivates process
Method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: choosing several F3‘-F5‘For the single plant inflorescence of merit, each single plant inflorescence contains 2 or more flowers
Each single plant inflorescence is divided into two parts by sequence disk, and corresponding number is An, Bn, and n is natural number, and wherein An inflorescence is spent
Whether sequence disk tissue cultures, Bn inflorescence bagging selfing observation characters of progenies separate；
Step 2: after the alcohol that the petal mass fraction of An inflorescence is 75% is impregnated 30s, then with mass fraction be
0.1% mercuric chloride sterilizes 3-5min, then cuts the inflorescence disk of petal after sterilizing as explant, is seeded on culture medium and carries out
Tissue cultures form 10-20 bottles of tissue-culturing rapid propagation group An after squamous subculture several times；
Step 3: Bn inflorescence bagging is selfed, Bn selfed seed is obtained, Bn seed is passed through into the kind of shortening breeding time
The plantation of plant method, and observe between its Bn plant whether trait segregation occur, it is corresponding if Bn self progeny's character does not separate
An tissue culture group continues tissue-culturing rapid propagation culture, expands the scale of tissue-culturing rapid propagation group；If Bn self progeny's character occurs
Separation, will number corresponding An inflorescence disk tissue-culturing rapid propagation group reject, while repeat step 1 continue screening separation offspring it is excellent
Good single plant；
Step 4: the elite plant Bn of heredity can be stablized according to the character screened in step 3, corresponding step 2 group
Pei Kuaifan group An continues tissue-culturing rapid propagation and expands scale, rapid build elite plant group；
Divided Step 5: the elite plant group of tissue cultures extensive in step 4 is transplanted in seedling growth greenhouse room
Seedling practices seedling and strong sprout；
Step 6: carrying out growth management in field planting to breeding field after plant grows to 15cm or more, seed is harvested after mature
New variety of leek can be completed and cultivate process；
The implantation methods of the described shortening breeding time the following steps are included:
The annual selection mid-November full grains of step 1), seeding and seedling raising, damaged seed is not spare, then will choosing
Good seed is sowed in seedling medium, is sprinkled profoundly water later, and overlay film keeps seedling medium moisture, and film is thrown off after emergence, spraying to mend
Water-filling point；
Step 2, nursery period management
1. two, which promote two, practices temperature management mid-November to rush seedling growth period room temperature control by the end of December at 15-30 DEG C；January is to 2
The middle of the month big temperature difference practices the control of seedling growth period day temperature at 10-25 DEG C, and night temperatures are controlled at 0-5 DEG C；Mid-February to March
Bottom promotees the control of seedling growth period temperature at 15-30 DEG C；First arrival in April second big temperature difference mid-April practices the control of seedling period day temperature
At 15-28 DEG C, night temperatures are controlled at 5-10 DEG C, and open the film covered on arched shed, increase ventilation；
2. water management promotees, micro- spray watering in seedling growth period every 3-7 days is primary, and the big temperature difference practices the micro- spray of every 5-10 days of seedling growth period
Watering is primary, irrigates, irrigates every time every time, but cannot have ponding, prevents from flooding seedling, after watering, timing ventilation 2-3
It is secondary, prevent gray mold；
3. fertilizing management December to April imposes compound fertilizer in conjunction with watering, and carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 3), field planting late April fine day field planting, first fertilising site preparation does furrow before field planting, then field planting of ditching；
It after step 4), Production of Large Fields field planting, intertilled, loosened the soil, being applied fertilizer, weeding, insect prevention, soil moisture conservation, promoting rice shoot slow
Seedling, late May to mid-June, fertilising, bloomed mid-August, and watering in florescence 7-10 days is primary, and the first tenday period of a month in October seed is mature, adopted
Receiving sunning can be obtained Allium tuberasum.seeds, complete a breeding time；
The seedling medium is made of according to mass ratio 5-6 parts of turfy soils, 3-4 parts of perlites and 1 part of decomposed dried poultrymanure, is educated
After Miao Shixian mixes the turfy soil of above-mentioned quality, perlite and decomposed dried poultrymanure, the water that its mixture quality 60% is added is mixed thoroughly
Mixture must be moistened afterwards, taken the wet mixture of 90% weight to be put into hole tray, then sowed, depth of planting 1-2cm,
According to the every bunch planting kind of 50 hole hole trays 5~6, according to the every bunch planting kind of 72 hole hole trays 4~5, after planting again by 10% weight
Wet mixture is covered on surface, and is sprinkled profoundly water with the micro- spray of micro-nozzle, buckles small plastic greenhouse, overlay film moisturizing later；
The arched shed covering culture facility is the facility for adding the two-membrane process of small plastic greenhouse in heliogreenhouse, after planting,
One layer of mulch is first covered in hole tray, thin film is respectively covered on heliogreenhouse and small plastic greenhouse, and the film of covering is commercially available
Anti-fogging Film, prior to seeding first with commercially available fumigant fumigation 12h in arched shed；
When field planting, every 667 m of base manure2Apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 45-50kg, decomposed 1000~1500kg of dried poultrymanure, wherein
The nitrogen of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15, thin rake of deep ploughing hug it is flat after be furrow, the wide 40-50cm in the furrow ridge, the wide 350- of furrow face
360cm, ditch line-spacing 30-35cm, ditch depth 7-10cm, by deep kind of shallow embedding Plant colonization of spacing in the rows 5-7cm, then earthing 3-4cm, field planting
Micro- spray is watered 1-2 time in 4-5 days afterwards, is watered to irrigating not ponding；
The inoculation medium of the tissue cultures: MS+6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L；Subculture medium are as follows: MS+6-
BA0.6mg/L+ZT0.3 mg/L +NAA0.15mg/L；Strong sprout and root media are as follows: 1/2MS+NAA0.3mg/L+
IBA0.15mg/L；
The temperature of the squamous subculture is 23-28 DEG C, intensity of illumination 1800-2000lux, squamous subculture growth coefficient:
1:2.5~4, the period of squamous subculture are 22-27d；
The temperature of the strong seedling culture is 15-25 DEG C, intensity of illumination 2500-3000lux；
When being divided into seedlings in the step 5, practicing seedling, the rice shoot that squamous subculture obtains is put into seedling medium after strong plantlets and rootage
In, and shading 50%-70% incrementally increases ventilation quantity and illumination after a week, until rice shoot in a natural environment can normal growth, 1
Every 2 weeks at Foliage nitrogen spray phosphorus potash fertilizer 1 time after month, each 5-6g/m2, and its mass ratio is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=25:12:12；
The totally-enclosed isolation of 40-60 mesh nylon separation net, solarium height 1.3- is arranged in breeding field surrounding in the step 6
1.5m, separation net is interior to place the Pollinating Insects such as bee, fly；
The herbicide of plant growth period weeding on breeding field in the step 6 is every 667 m2With quality point
The pendimethalin missible oil 80-100ml that number is 33%, adds water 40-50kg uniformly to spray ground, and protection medicine film is paid attention to after closing.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the present invention passes through tissue cultures and the selfing that will shorten the implantation methods and inflorescence disk of leek breeding breeding time
Identification traits separation combines, and half carries out inflorescence disk tissue cultures, and the selfing of the other half bagging utilizes tissue culture quick breeding structure
Elite plant group is built, while using the plant of selfing identification characters of progenies separation, characters of progenies is separated corresponding group of plant
Culture group is knitted to reject.Good stable single plant is screened in selfing, quickly constructs pure lines group with tissue cultures and combines, make excellent
Homozygous line can complete rapid build scale group in 1-2, with conventional breeding field single plant, strain, line breeding group
Building needs 5-6 to compare, and tissue cultures scale informative population speed is greatly speeded up, and can increase rapidly the efficiency of screening, and
And what is taken when being selfed is the implantation methods for shortening leek breeding breeding time, substantially reduces the time limit of breeding, keeps leek conventional
Breeding cycle shortens to 6-8 by current 12-15, achieves and improves leek breeding efficiency, accelerates New variety of leek cultivation
The beneficial effect of process, and strain purity is high in organizations, avoid the pollination hydridization of the normal different flowering plant in field, achieve
Improve the beneficial effect of group's purity；
2, the present invention uses inflorescence disk tissue cultures, after hormone ZT is added in subculture medium, the breeding of leek tissue culture subculture
Growth coefficient improves 0.5-1, and subculture breeding cycle shortens 3-5 days, from original 27-30 days, shorten to 22-27 days, after being commissioned to train
It supports growth coefficient and is increased to 1:3-4 from original 1:2.5-3, substantially increase the fast numerous efficiency of subculture；Add in root media
After having added hormone IBA, so that the rice shoot rooting rate 100% of Rooting and hardening-off culture, single plant is taken root 3-5 item, and root strong sprout is strong, lowerly at
Motility rate 100% enhances the quality of seedling, achieves the beneficial effect of rapid build fine individual plant group；
3, implantation time is become November from original three to April by the implantation time of change leek by the present invention
Part, herein in connection with two-membrane process method in seedling raising process, the Anti-fogging Film translucency of use is good, and water-retaining property is strong, is not easy to be formed on its surface
Water droplet increases intensity of illumination, and the long-day increases the rate of bud differentiation, while promoting the two white silk seedling modes practiced with two, adopts
It is carried out practicing seedling with the big temperature difference, can play good insulation effect between practicing seedling stage in conjunction with the arched shed of overlay film, utilize autumn and winter
The big feature of day and night temperature, heat preservation on daytime, night is suitably aeration-cooling, can control well temperature in arched shed and
The content for increasing carbon dioxide in arched shed, promotes the photosynthesis of leek, and the speed of growth is accelerated, promote leek bud differentiation and
Bolting is bloomed ahead of time, and conventional implantation methods, needs 2 years time, the bolting rate of current year is 2%, and quality is bad, therefore
The present invention can achieve the purpose that leek is completed in 1 year by the breeding time of seed to seed, realize single plant bolting 2 in 1 year
It more than a, achieve and shortens leek breeding time, improve bolting rate and single plant bolting number, rate of blossoming and bearing fruit is high, accelerates leek breeding
The beneficial effect of generation process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the table of influence of the different experienced seedling-growing methods to leek bolting rate and bolting number；
Fig. 2 is the table of influence of the different breeding times to leek bolting rate, inflorescence specification and bolting number；
Fig. 3 difference breeding method expands numerous to 667 m to leek breeding time, from single plant2The shadow of scale and breeding cycle time
Loud table；
Fig. 4 New variety of leek cultivates process flow chart；
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with following specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
In following embodiment.Implement process of the invention, condition, reagent, experimental method etc., in addition to what is specifically mentioned below,
It is among the general principles and common general knowledge in the art, there are no special restrictions to content by the present invention.
A kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process of embodiment 1, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1: choosing several F3‘-F5‘For the single plant inflorescence of merit, each single plant inflorescence contains 2 or more flowers
Each single plant inflorescence is divided into two parts of An, Bn by sequence disk, and n is natural number, and corresponds number, and wherein An parts of inflorescences carry out
Whether inflorescence disk tissue cultures, Bn inflorescence bagging selfing observation characters of progenies separate；
Step 2: the inflorescence disk for cutting petal after the petal of An inflorescence is sterilized is seeded on culture medium as explant
Tissue cultures are carried out, after squamous subculture several times, form tissue-culturing rapid propagation group An, the basis after squamous subculture several times
The character screening for the regrowth turned out goes out the unseparated fine individual plant of character；
Step 3: Bn inflorescence bagging is selfed, Bn selfed seed is obtained, Bn seed is passed through into the kind of shortening breeding time
The plantation of plant method, and observe between its Bn plant whether trait segregation occur, it is corresponding if Bn self progeny's character does not separate
An tissue culture group continues tissue-culturing rapid propagation culture, expands the scale of tissue-culturing rapid propagation group；If Bn self progeny's character occurs
Separation, will number corresponding An inflorescence disk tissue-culturing rapid propagation group reject, while repeat step 1 continue screening separation offspring it is excellent
Good single plant；
Step 4: the elite plant Bn of heredity can be stablized according to the character screened in step 3, corresponding step 2 group
Pei Kuaifan group An continues tissue-culturing rapid propagation and expands scale, rapid build elite plant group；
Divided Step 5: the elite plant group of tissue cultures extensive in step 4 is transplanted in seedling growth greenhouse room
Seedling practices seedling and strong sprout；
Step 6: carrying out growth management in field planting to breeding field after plant grows to 15cm or more, seed is harvested after mature
New variety of leek can be completed and cultivate process.
The implantation methods of the described shortening breeding time the following steps are included:
Step 1), seeding and seedling raising annual November are upper, the middle ten days selection full grains, damaged seed is not spare, are encircleing
The seed chosen is sowed in seedling medium in the culture facility of canopy covering, is sprinkled profoundly water later, overlay film keeps seedling medium water
Point, film is thrown off after emergence, is kept the skin wet by spraying；
Step 2, nursery period management
1. two, which promote two, practices temperature management mid-November to rush seedling growth period room temperature control by the end of December at 15-30 DEG C；January is to 2
The middle of the month big temperature difference practices the control of seedling growth period day temperature at 10-25 DEG C, and night temperatures are controlled at 0-5 DEG C；Mid-February to March
Bottom promotees the control of seedling growth period temperature at 15-30 DEG C；First arrival in April big temperature difference mid-April practices the control of seedling growth period day temperature in 15-
28 DEG C, night temperatures control 5-10 DEG C simultaneously-open the film covered on arched shed, increase ventilation；
2. water management promotees, micro- spray watering in seedling growth period every 3-7 days is primary, and the big temperature difference practices the micro- spray of every 5-10 days of seedling growth period
Watering is primary, irrigates, irrigates every time every time, but cannot have ponding, prevents from flooding seedling, after watering, timing ventilation 2-3
It is secondary, prevent gray mold；
3. fertilizing management December to April imposes compound fertilizer in conjunction with watering, and carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 3), field planting late April fine day field planting, first fertilising site preparation does furrow before field planting, then field planting of ditching；
It after step 4), Production of Large Fields field planting, intertilled, loosened the soil, being applied fertilizer, weeding, insect prevention, soil moisture conservation, promoting rice shoot slow
Seedling, late May to mid-June, fertilising, bloomed mid-August, and watering in florescence 7-10 days is primary, and the first tenday period of a month in October seed is mature, adopted
Receiving sunning can be obtained Allium tuberasum.seeds, complete a breeding time.
The seedling medium is made of according to mass ratio 5-6 parts of turfy soils, 3-4 parts of perlites and 1 part of decomposed dried poultrymanure, is educated
After Miao Shixian mixes the turfy soil of above-mentioned quality, perlite and decomposed dried poultrymanure, the water that its mixture quality 60% is added is mixed thoroughly
Mixture must be moistened afterwards, taken the wet mixture of 90% weight to be put into hole tray, then sowed, depth of planting 1-2cm,
According to the every bunch planting kind of 50 hole hole trays 5~6, according to the every bunch planting kind of 72 hole hole trays 4~5, after planting again by 10% weight
Wet mixture is covered on surface, and is sprinkled profoundly water with the micro- spray of micro-nozzle, buckles small plastic greenhouse, overlay film moisturizing later.
The overlay film culture facility is the two-membrane process for adding small plastic greenhouse in heliogreenhouse, but in actual mechanical process
It is not limited to a kind of this embodiment, monofilm covering heliogreenhouse can also be taken to add, and heat preservation covers or cold bed arched shed adds guarantor
The facilities such as temperature covering, as long as can guarantee that the big temperature difference practices the temperature control of seedling, the only set-up mode of two-membrane process, temperature control
System is more convenient, according to the autumn and winter big temperature difference round the clock, temperature control can be realized, the growing environment of seedling is practiced closer to leek, is broadcast
It is sprinkled profoundly water after kind, mulch is covered in hole tray and keeps water supply in media, the film covered on arched shed is commercially available Anti-fogging Film, and it is strong to increase illumination
The rate of degree and bud differentiation, arched shed is prior to seeding first with the primary only stifling 12h disinfection of commercially available greenhouse fumigant canopy ash.
When field planting, every 667 m of base manure2Apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 45-50kg, decomposed 1000~1500kg of dried poultrymanure, wherein
The nitrogen of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15, thin rake of deep ploughing hug it is flat after be furrow, the wide 40-50cm in the furrow ridge, the wide 350- of furrow face
360cm, ditch line-spacing 30-35cm, ditch depth 7-10cm, by deep kind of shallow embedding Plant colonization of spacing in the rows 5-7cm, then earthing 3-4cm, field planting
Micro- spray is watered 1-2 time in 4-5 days afterwards, is watered to irrigating not ponding.
The inoculation medium of the tissue cultures are as follows: MS+6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L；Subculture medium are as follows: MS
+6-BA0.6mg/L+ZT0.3 mg/L +NAA0.15mg/L；Strong sprout and root media are as follows: 1/2MS+NAA0.3mg/L+
IBA0.15mg/L。
The temperature of the squamous subculture is 23-28 DEG C, intensity of illumination 1800-2000lux, squamous subculture growth coefficient:
1:2.5~4, the period of squamous subculture are 22-27d；The temperature of the strong seedling culture is 15-25 DEG C, intensity of illumination 2600-
3000lux。
When being divided into seedlings white silk seedling in the step 5, the rice shoot that subculture group culture obtains is put into seedling medium after strong plantlets and rootage
In, and shading 50%-70% incrementally increases ventilation quantity and illumination after a week, until rice shoot in a natural environment can normal growth, 1
Every 2 weeks at Foliage nitrogen spray phosphorus potash fertilizer 1 time, each 5-6g/m2 after month, and its mass ratio is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=25:12:12.
The totally-enclosed isolation of 40-60 mesh nylon separation net, solarium height 1.3- is arranged in breeding field surrounding in the step 6
1.5m, separation net is interior to place the Pollinating Insects such as bee, fly, carries out space isolation and seed growing, prevents extraneous interference, be conducive to
Screen the unseparated single plant of shape.
The herbicide of plant growth period weeding on breeding field in the step 6 is every 667 m2With quality point
The pendimethalin missible oil 80-100ml that number is 33%, adds water 40-50kg uniformly to spray ground, pays attention to protecting medicine film.
Deinsectization available quality score is 75% during the grown in field 3000 times of liquid of cyromazine, mass fraction 1.8%
2500 times of liquid of avermectin and mass fraction be 48% 5000 times of liquid of clothianidin one or more of arbitrary proportions mixture
Spraying prevention and treatment.
In order to probe into influence of the experienced seedling-growing method to leek bolting rate and bolting number, planted according to greenhouse high temperature nursery
Leek seedling as sample 1, at this point, without practice seedling, temperature setting be 23-30 DEG C, other planting conditions with 1 phase of embodiment
Together；
The leek seedling planted according to conventional primary big temperature difference white silk seed is as sample 2, at this point, practicing seedling temperature practices Miao Wendu
It is day temperature control at 10-25 DEG C, night temperatures are controlled at 0-5 DEG C, other planting conditions are same as Example 1；
The leek seedling that the implantation methods for promoting two white silks according to the two of embodiment 1 obtain is as sample 3, at this point, carrying out two promotees two
The experienced big temperature difference practices seedling；
As shown in Figure 1, sample 3 is compared with sample 1 and sample 2, average single plant bolting rate highest, and 80% sample single plant
Bolting number be also it is most, this explanation using two promote two practice white silk seedling modes, leek can be promoted to grow, increase bolting number,
For most suitable experienced seedling-growing method.
In order to probe into influence of the sowing date to leek bolting rate and bolting number, according to March time of long-term leek nursery
The middle ten days and the last ten days carries out the obtained leek seedling of nursery as sample 1, and practicing seedling is primary white silk seedling, other planting conditions with 1 phase of embodiment
Together；
The leek seedling obtained according to the breeding time progress nursery of mid-December is as sample 2, at this point, breeding time is 12
The middle of the month, the white silk seedling-growing method for taking two rush two to practice, other planting conditions are same as Example 1；
According to November is upper, breeding time of the middle ten days carries out leek seedling that nursery obtains as sample 3, at this point, breeding time
For mid-November, the white silk seedling-growing method of two rush two white silk is taken, other planting conditions are same as Example 1；
As shown in Figure 2, sample 2 has certain increase than the average singular bolting rate of sample 1, and inflorescence specification also increases, but
It is that the single plant bolting number of 80% sample does not change, sample 3 is greatly increased than the average singular bolting rate of sample 2, inflorescence specification
Maximum, and the single plant bolting number of 80% sample increases, this illustrated on November, the middle ten days promotees the methods that two practice using two and planted
It plants, the average single plant bolting rate highest of leek, inflorescence specification is maximum, and the single plant bolting number of 80% sample is most, is most suitable plantation
Condition.
Expand to probe into conventional breeding methods and the breeding method of the invention used to New variety of leek breeding time, from single plant
It is numerous to 667 m2The time of scale and the influence of breeding cycle carry out the product that breeding obtains according to the method for conventional leek nursery
As a control group, at this point, the breeding date is mid-February, practicing seedling is primary white silk seedling, first carries out selfing until filtering out pure and mild character
Then unseparated plant carries out the tissue cultures of inflorescence disk, obtains new varieties, other planting conditions are same as Example 1；
The product that progress breeding obtains according to the method for embodiment 1 is as experimental group, at this point, the breeding date is in 11 months
In ten days, practicing seedling is that the two big temperature difference for promoting two white silks practice seedlings, and half inflorescence disk carries out tissue cultures, the other half carries out selfing and screens pure and mild shape
Then the corresponding tissue-cultured seedling of underproof plant is rejected, is repeated by the unseparated plant of shape, until filter out character regardless of
From new varieties；
Breeding method of the present invention is used as shown in Figure 3, it can be reduction in the life period 1 year of leek, by excellent list
Strain is expanded numerous to 667 m2The time of scale group shortens 2-3, and leek breeding cycle shortens to 6-8 by traditional 12-15
Year, accelerate the cultivation speed of New variety of leek.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1: choosing several F3‘-F5‘For the single plant inflorescence of merit, each single plant inflorescence contains 2 or more inflorescences
Each single plant inflorescence is divided into two parts by disk, and corresponding number is An, Bn, and n is natural number, and wherein An inflorescence carries out inflorescence
Whether disk tissue cultures, Bn inflorescence bagging selfing observation characters of progenies separate；
Step 2: the inflorescence disk for cutting petal after the petal of An inflorescence is sterilized is seeded on culture medium and carries out as explant
Tissue cultures form tissue-culturing rapid propagation group An after squamous subculture several times；
Step 3: Bn inflorescence bagging is selfed, Bn selfed seed is obtained, Bn seed is passed through into the plantation side of shortening breeding time
Method plantation, and observe between its Bn plant whether trait segregation occur, if Bn self progeny's character does not separate, corresponding A n group
Training group continues tissue-culturing rapid propagation culture, expands the scale of tissue-culturing rapid propagation group；If Bn self progeny's character separates,
The tissue-culturing rapid propagation group for numbering corresponding An inflorescence disk is rejected, while repeating step 1 and continuing the screening separation excellent list of offspring
Strain；
Step 4: can stablize the elite plant Bn of heredity according to the character screened in step 3, corresponding step 2 tissue culture is fast
Numerous group An continues tissue-culturing rapid propagation and expands scale, rapid build elite plant group；
It is divided into seedlings, practiced Step 5: the elite plant group of tissue cultures extensive in step 4 is transplanted in seedling growth greenhouse room
Seedling and strong sprout；
Step 6: carrying out growth management in field planting to breeding field after plant grows to 15cm or more, seed is harvested after mature
It completes New variety of leek and cultivates process；
Wherein described in step 3 shorten breeding time implantation methods the following steps are included:
The annual selection mid-November full grains of step 1), seeding and seedling raising, damaged seed is not spare, covers in arched shed
The seed chosen sowing is sprinkled profoundly water later in seedling medium in culture facility, overlay film keeps seedling medium moisture, after emergence
Film is thrown off, is kept the skin wet by spraying；
Step 2, nursery period management
Two, which promote two, practices temperature management mid-November to rush seedling growth period room temperature control by the end of December at 15-30 DEG C；In January to 2 months
Ten days, the big temperature difference practiced the control of seedling growth period day temperature at 10-25 DEG C, and night temperatures are controlled at 0-5 DEG C；Mid-February to promoting by the end of March
Seedling growth period temperature is controlled at 15-30 DEG C；First arrival in April big temperature difference mid-April practices 15-28 DEG C of seedling growth period, night temperatures control
System opens overlay film at 5-10 DEG C, increases ventilation；
Water management promotees micro- spray watering in seedling growth period every 3-7 days once, and the big temperature difference practices the micro- spray watering of every 5-10 days of seedling growth period
Once, it irrigates every time；
Fertilizing management December to April imposes compound fertilizer in conjunction with watering, and carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 3), field planting late April fine day field planting, first fertilising site preparation does furrow before field planting, then field planting of ditching；
After step 4), Production of Large Fields field planting, is intertilled, loosened the soil, being applied fertilizer, weeding, insect prevention, soil moisture conservation, promoting rice shoot slow seedling, May
The last ten-days period to mid-June, fertilising, bloomed mid-August, and watering in florescence 7-10 days is primary, and the first tenday period of a month in October seed is mature, harvesting sunning
Allium tuberasum.seeds can be obtained, complete a breeding time.
2. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the nursery base
Matter is made of according to mass ratio 5-6 parts of turfy soils, 3-4 parts of perlites and 1 part of decomposed dried poultrymanure, first by above-mentioned quality when nursery
After turfy soil, perlite and decomposed dried poultrymanure mix, be added its mixture quality 60% water mix thoroughly after must moisten mixture, take
The wet mixture of 90% weight is put into hole tray, is then sowed, depth of planting 1-2cm, according to the 50 every caves of hole hole tray
Sowing 5~6, according to the every bunch planting kind of 72 hole hole trays 4~5, is after planting covered on table for the wet mixture of 10% weight again
Face, and sprinkled profoundly water with the micro- spray of micro-nozzle, small plastic greenhouse, overlay film moisturizing are buckled later.
3. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the arched shed covers
Lid culture facility is in heliogreenhouse plus the facility of the two-membrane process of small plastic greenhouse after planting first covers one layer of ground in hole tray
Film respectively covers thin film on heliogreenhouse and small plastic greenhouse, and the film of covering is commercially available Anti-fogging Film, is sowing in arched shed
It is preceding first to use fumigant fumigation 12h.
4. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: when field planting, base
Every 667 m of fertilizer2Apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 45-50kg, decomposed 1000~1500kg of dried poultrymanure, wherein the nitrogen of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer:
Phosphorus: potassium=15:15:15, thin rake of deep ploughing hug it is flat after do furrow, the wide 40-50cm in the furrow ridge, the wide 350-360cm of furrow face, ditch line-spacing 30-
35cm, ditch depth 7-10cm, by deep kind of shallow embedding Plant colonization of spacing in the rows 5-7cm, then earthing 3-4cm, micro- spray watering in 4-5 days after field planting
1-2 times, watering is to irrigating not ponding.
5. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the tissue
The inoculation medium of culture are as follows: MS+6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L；Subculture medium are as follows: MS+6-BA0.6mg/L+ZT0.3
mg/L +NAA0.15mg/L；Strong sprout and root media are as follows: 1/2MS+NAA0.3mg/L+IBA0.15mg/L.
6. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: described after being commissioned to train
Feeding temperature is 23-28 DEG C, intensity of illumination 1800-2000lux, squamous subculture growth coefficient: 1:2.5~4, squamous subculture
Period is 22-27d；The temperature of the strong seedling culture is 15-25 DEG C, intensity of illumination 2600-3000lux.
7. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 5
When middle seedling separation practices seedling, the rice shoot that subculture group culture obtains is put into seedling medium after strong plantlets and rootage, and shading 50%-70%, and one
Ventilation quantity and illumination are incrementally increased after week, until rice shoot in a natural environment can normal growth, Foliage nitrogen spray phosphorus every 2 weeks after January
Potash fertilizer 1 time, each 5-6g/m2, and its mass ratio is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=25:12:12.
8. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 6
In breeding field surrounding the totally-enclosed isolation of 40-60 mesh nylon separation net is set, solarium height 1.3-1.5m is placed in separation net
The Pollinating Insects such as bee, fly.
9. a kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 6
In plant growth period weeding on breeding field herbicide be every 667 m2The pendimethalin cream for being 33% with mass fraction
Oily 80-100ml adds water 40-50kg uniformly to spray ground.
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| CN108718951B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2021-07-02 | 平顶山市农业科学院 | Cultivation method of 1-year-period Chinese chives |
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