CN109526732A - A kind of method of potato rapid breeding - Google Patents
A kind of method of potato rapid breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526732A CN109526732A CN201811622720.6A CN201811622720A CN109526732A CN 109526732 A CN109526732 A CN 109526732A CN 201811622720 A CN201811622720 A CN 201811622720A CN 109526732 A CN109526732 A CN 109526732A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of potato rapid breeding, the present invention is used to be screened in the method in Shandong and the screening of Inner Mongol two places and spring and autumn three quarters screening, it can be suitble to simultaneously the kind in two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains and one Ji Zuoqu of the north with breeding, the kind for being suitable only for the plantation of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains can also be selected and be suitable only for the New Potato Varieties of a northern area Ji Zuo plantation, compared to more traditional breeding method, sufficient utilization has been carried out to prepared cross combination, has not wasted cross materials；By adding for plantation for two places, it is combined to cultivar registration from the 1st year preparing hybrid, needed for 11 years altogether, shortens the breeding time limit, accelerate breeding procedures, to accelerate the paces that new varieties are introduced to the market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of potato rapid breeding, are related to breeding method technical field.
Background technique
Potato is the important crops planted extensively in the world, it is also possible to vegetables work either cereal crops
Object can also be industrial crops.China is potato big producer, and cultivated area has 84,000,000 mu, 95,760,000 tons of total output.In
The Potato Breeding work of state has started from the 1940s, since over half a century, select nearly 300 it is disease-resistant, high yield excellent
Non-defective unit kind.But as the improvement of people's living standards, present Potato Cultivars have met not to the difference of potato demand
Therefore the needs of production should accelerate breeding paces, to meet the market demand.
The breeding method of potato can be divided into crossbreeding, mutation breeding, cell engineering breeding, transgenic breeding, divide
Sub- assistant breeding etc..Crossbreeding is according to breed breeding target selection parents' kind, by artificial hybridization by the beneficial of parent
Character is combined in hybrid, and a kind of breeding method screened and identified to hybrid generation, is current general potato
Breeding method.The kind being obtained by mutation breeding at present only has Shandong potato No. 2, it may be said that mutation breeding is in China potato
What is obtained in breeding produces little effect；And cell engineering breeding and transgenic breeding technology are still not perfect, up to the present not yet
Select the kind applied in production；Marker assisted selection was quickly grown in recent years, but also only as the auxiliary of crossbreeding
Means.So crossbreeding is still the main means of Potato Breeding within very long a period of time.
Traditionally one Potato Cultivars of north of China breeding are formulated into variety certification or registration from cross combination, be through
Spend 13 years time (as shown in table 1).
1 north of China of table, one Ji Zuoqu traditional breeding method process
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of method of potato rapid breeding.The present invention
It is screened using multiple planting areas and multiple implantation time sections, is combined to cultivar registration from the 1st year preparing hybrid, altogether
It needed for 11 years, shortens the breeding time limit, accelerate breeding procedures, to accelerate the paces that new varieties are introduced to the market.Separately
The outer cross combination prepared using the same time is screened in different regions Various Seasonal, is only screened one compared to relatively original
Breeding method, cross combination is made full use of.
A kind of method of potato rapidly and efficiently breeding, includes the following steps:
1) breeding goal of First Year spring precocious, high yield type as needed and processing type kind, selection have target property
Parent carry out cross combination preparation, obtain the seed group of growing directly from seeds of Different Cross Combinations；
2) First Year autumn, in greenhouse, the seed group of growing directly from seeds obtained in sowing step 1) harvests cross combination family,
Using concentration, preliminary screening has the reality of short excellent appearance shape, yield shape, stolon, knot potato concentration, anti-shot hole etc.
Raw potato harvests the potato A material that grows directly from seeds；
3) the potato A material that grows directly from seeds that the next autumn obtains in method sowing step 2) of the Zhongyuan District using autumn delay, into
Row the 2nd time screening, screens the superior strain group B with good stem tuber face shaping, reserves seed for planting to superior strain group B points for 2 sets, and
B1,B2；
4) the superior strain B1 that third year reserves seed for planting 2 sets described in step 3) is sowed in spring in Shandong, is filtered out suitable
Closing the strain planted of two Ji Zuoqu spring of Central Plains is Shandong spring strain group C1, to the Shandong spring strain group C1 of screening in
Shandong autumn is sowed again, filters out the strain group D1 that suitable two Ji Zuoqu autumn of Central Plains plants, as Shandong autumn strain group
D1；
2 sets of superior strain group B2 to reserve seed for planting described in step 3) are sowed in summer in the Inner Mongol, are filtered out and are suitble to the north
The strain group that one Ji Zuoqu summer planted, as Inner Mongol summer strain group C2；
5) it is screened again using the Shandong autumn strain group D1 filtered out in step 4) in Shandong spring within the 4th year, obtains mountain
Eastern superior strain group E1；It is screened again using Inner Mongol summer strain group C2 in Inner Mongol summer, obtains the preferred strain of Inner Mongol summer
It is group D2；Shandong spring strain group E1 in Shandong, screen again by autumn, obtains the superior strain group for being suitble to the plantation of Shandong spring and autumn
F1；
6) the 5th year to obtained in step 5) superior strain hills and mountains east spring and autumn superior strain group F1 and Inner Mongol summer
Superior strain group D2 is compared, and F1 and D2 share strain group as a1, is suitble to two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains and a northern area Ji Zuo plantation,
The remaining group that F1 group removes strain group a1 is b1, is suitble to the plantation of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains, and D2 group removes strain group a1's
Remaining group is c1, is suitble to the north to plant in one season, a1, b1 group is planted in Shandong spring, autumn, by a1, c1 groups
Body is planted in Inner Mongol summer, is carried out the strain group that screening again is suitable for each ecological region planting, is obtained and be suitble to two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains and north
Fang Yiji makees the group a2 of area's plantation, is suitble to the group b2 of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains plantation, is suitble to the group of one area Ji Zuo of north plantation
Body c2, and each excellent group of screening is subjected to detoxification, breeding potato seed；
7) comparative test for carrying out strain for the 6th year to the 7th year to the preferred clone in each region obtained in step 6), into
One step evaluates tuber's characters, tree characteristics, yield and disease resistance, obtains the kind for meeting breeding objective；
8) progress national region test in the 80th to ten year.
Further, the parent of target property refers to precocity, high yield, high-quality, resistance kind described in step 1).
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Compared to existing potato traditional breeding way, the invention patent passed through in Shandong and the screening of Inner Mongol two places and spring
The method of three season of summer and autumn screening can be suitble to simultaneously two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains and one Ji Zuoqu of the north using same cross combination with breeding
Kind, the kind for being suitable only for the plantation of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains can also be selected and be suitable only for the Ma Ling of a northern area Ji Zuo plantation
Potato new varieties have carried out sufficient utilization to prepared cross combination, have not wasted hybridization material compared to more traditional breeding method
Material；Additionally by adding for plantation for two places, the breeding time limit is foreshortened to 11 years, significantly shortens breeding process.
Specific embodiment
In order to better understand the present invention, it further illustrates combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment:
(1) the 1st year spring needed precocious, high yield type product according to needing processing type kind and two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains in production
The breeding goal of kind selects precocious and high yield material as breeding parent, and preparing hybrid combines 312, obtains the seed that grows directly from seeds
More than 52000 grains.
Seed is carried out at presoaking and germinating with 10mg/L gibberellin+6-BA20mg/L before autumn September is just sowed within (2) the 1st years
Reason 2 hours, is then multicast to greenhouse and fills in the nutritive cube of vermiculite, and a nutritive cube sows a seed.January 20 harvested the potato that grows directly from seeds
Family, using concentration, initial option has that excellent appearance shape, yield shape, stolon are short, knot potato is concentrated, anti-shot hole
Deng the potato that grows directly from seeds, harvest grow directly from seeds 15600 parts of potato material (grow directly from seeds potato A material)；
(3) the 2nd year autumn was that the material of yield potential is prevented to be eliminated, and using delay autumn, sowing late August, the later period is covered
Big arch shed, early December harvest.It is eliminated according to breeding objective and does not tie unsuitable two area the Ji Zuo kind of Central Plains such as potato or commodity difference
The strain of plant.The superior strain 1080 (superior strain group B) of selected suitable two Ji Zuoqu of Central Plains, carries out 2 sets to superior strain
Reserve seed for planting (B1 and B2), i.e., selecting 2-4 tuber's characters in every strain, good number respectively is reserved seed for planting.
(4) the 3rd years, every suit was cut into 4 pieces of potato seeds respectively, wherein 1 set (superior strain group B1) Yu Sanyue 10th in the Shandong spring
Season sowing, eliminates the strain of unsuitable two Ji Zuoqu of Central Plains, is selected in the suitable Central Plains two such as tuber's characters, tree characteristics, yield
The superior strain 186 (as Shandong spring strain group C1) of Ji Zuoqu.This 186 superior strains are screened in Shandong autumn,
It obtains superior strain 42 (as Shandong autumn strain group D1).May, early and middle ten days utilized another 1 set of the acquisition in step (3)
(superior strain group B2) is sowed in Inner Mongol, is selected in suitable Inner Mongol superior strain 176 (Inner Mongol summer strain group C2), each preferred
Strain is reserved seed for planting about 20 pieces of potato seeds, potato wedge it is big can stay 5-6 block, when sowing, enough cuts 10 pieces.Since the 3rd year, receive every time
Hydrometer method is utilized after obtaining, Cha Meierkaierbiao obtains starch value, the high clonal material of screening content of starch.
(5) the 4th years, using step (4) autumn preferred clone 42 (as Shandong autumn strain group D1), then in Shandong
Spring screens again, eliminates stem tuber, plant and yield are not suitable for the strain that this area needs, obtain Shandong spring preferably without
Property is 12 (Shandong superior strain group E1)；Using Inner Mongol superior strain 176 (Inner Mongol summer strain group C2), in Inner Mongol summer
It is screened, is obtained Inner Mongol summer preferred clone 46 (Inner Mongol summer superior strain group D2)；Shandong autumn utilizes step (5)
Middle spring filters out 12 superior strains (Shandong superior strain group E1) and screens in Shandong autumn, screens and Central Plains two is suitble to make Qu Chun
Preferred clone 5 (the superior strain group F1 of Shandong spring and autumn plantation) is planted in autumn planting, and each clone plants 20 plants.
(6) the 5th years Shandong autumns being selected in step (5) were preferably adapted for 5 (mountains of preferred clone of Central Plains spring and autumn plantation
The superior strain group F1 of eastern spring and autumn plantation), Inner Mongol summer preferred clone 46 (Inner Mongol summer superior strain group D2) passes through
2 (shared strain group is a1) that comparison statistics can plant jointly in Shandong spring and autumn and Inner Mongol summer, are individually suitble on mountain
3 (the strain group b1) that eastern spring and autumn can plant individually are suitble to plant 43 (strain group c1) in the Inner Mongol.By suitable Shandong
(shared strain group is a1) and is only suitable for the kind (strain planted in Shandong spring and autumn for spring and autumn and the kind of Inner Mongol summer plantation
It is group b1) plantation screening is carried out again in Shandong spring, Shandong autumn；Suitable Shandong spring and autumn and Inner Mongol summer are planted
Kind (shared strain group is a1) and the kind (strain group c1) for being only suitable for the plantation of Inner Mongol summer are planted in Inner Mongol summer again
Screening, each clone plant 20 plants.By screening and statistics summarizes, obtains and be suitble to two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains and one season of the north simultaneously
Make the kind 2 (group a2) in area, Other Main Agronomic Characters are suitable only for the product of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains plantation as described in table 2 and table 3
3 (group b2) of kind, Other Main Agronomic Characters are suitable only for 4 (groups of kind of one Ji Zuoqu of the north as described in table 4 and table 5
C2), Other Main Agronomic Characters carry out detoxification, breeding potato seed as described in table 6 and table 7, and by each excellent group of screening.
(7) 6-7 carry out variety test of lines to the preferred system that step (6) are selected in, and continue to tuber's characters, plant property
Shape, yield are evaluated, and the kind for meeting breeding goal can be obtained, wherein and SD2011-1 is suitble to the plantation of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains,
SD2011-16 is suitble to a northern area Ji Zuo plantation, the two new germ plasms are all the cross combination that same year is prepared, and have passed through on mountain
Eastern spring and autumn, Inner Mongol summer carry out more ground and the screening of more seasons and made of breeding.
Mid-early maturity, high yield type new germ plasm SDS2011-1；And high-content of starch new germ plasm SDS2011-6.
SDS2011-1 is the mid-early maturity type potato new germ plasm of vegetable or flower research institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences breeding,
It is with No. SDC-501 for female parent, and using A Kuila as made of male parent breeding, SDS2011-1 plant height 70cm or so, stem is green,
Growth potential is strong, stem tuber oval, Calusena lansium Huang meat, and breeding time is 80-85 days, and per unit area yield is up to 35000-40000kg/hm2, it is suitble to Central Plains
Two Ji Zuoqu protecting fields and open country plantation.
SDS2011-16 is the high starch type potato new germ plasm of vegetable or flower research institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences breeding,
It is with NMX-10 female parent, and using Kexin No.12 as made of male parent breeding, SDS2011-16 plant height 95cm or so, stem is green, raw
Growing way is strong, and stem tuber circle, Calusena lansium Huang meat, steamed wheaten foods is best in quality, and content of starch is 18% or so, and breeding time is 95 days, and per unit area yield is reachable
30000-35000kg/hm2, it is suitble to the plantation of one area Ji Zuo of the north.
(8) national region test will be carried out in next step.Breeding procedures are as shown in table 2, and the results are shown in Table 9 for breeding, Central Plains
The seedling growth of SDS2011-1 is strong in the two preferred strains in the area Ji Zuo, and potato shape is in oval, and yield is high, and yampi rate is high, sensory evaluation
Preferably；The seedling growth of SDS2011-16 in a northern preferred strain in the area Ji Zuo is strong, and potato shape is rounded, and yield is high, yampi rate
Height, sensory evaluation are preferable.
The breeding procedures of the present invention of table 2
The Other Main Agronomic Characters of 3 Central Plains of table, the two preferred strain in the area Ji Zuo
The preferred strain yield in 4 Central Plains of table, two area Ji Zuo
The northern preferred strain Other Main Agronomic Characters in an area Ji Zuo of table 5
The northern preferred strain yield in an area Ji Zuo of table 6
The northern area Ji Zuo of table 7 and two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains are applicable in preferred strain Other Main Agronomic Characters jointly
The northern area Ji Zuo of table 8 and the preferred strain yield in two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains
The preferred strain content of starch of table 9 and steamed wheaten foods marking situation
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of potato rapidly and efficiently breeding, which comprises the steps of:
1) First Year spring, selection had the parent of target property to carry out cross combination preparation according to breeding goal, obtained different miscellaneous
Hand over the seed group of growing directly from seeds of combination；
2) First Year autumn, in greenhouse, the seed group of growing directly from seeds obtained in sowing step 1) harvests cross combination family, utilizes
Concentration, initial option have the potato that grows directly from seeds of good characteristic, harvest the potato A material that grows directly from seeds；
3) the potato A material that grows directly from seeds that the next autumn obtains in method sowing step 2) of the Zhongyuan District using autumn delay, carries out the 1st
Secondary screening filters out superior strain group B, reserves seed for planting to superior strain group B points for 2 sets, i.e. B1, B2；
4) the superior strain B1 that third year reserves seed for planting 2 sets described in step 3) is sowed in spring in Shandong, is filtered out in being suitble to
The area the Yuan Erjizuo spring strain of plantation is Shandong spring strain group C1, to the Shandong spring strain group C1 of screening in Shandong
Autumn is sowed again, filters out strain group D1, as Shandong autumn strain group D1 that suitable two Ji Zuoqu autumn of Central Plains plants；
2 sets of superior strain group B2 to reserve seed for planting described in step 3) are sowed in summer in the Inner Mongol, are filtered out and are suitble to a northern season
Make the strain group of area's summer plantation, as Inner Mongol summer strain group C2；
5) it is screened again using the Shandong autumn strain group D1 filtered out in step 4) in Shandong spring within the 4th year, it is excellent to obtain Shandong
Roguing system group E1；It is screened again using Inner Mongol summer strain group C2 in Inner Mongol summer, obtains Inner Mongol summer superior strain group
D2；Shandong spring strain group E1 in Shandong, screen again by autumn, obtains the superior strain group F1 for being suitble to the plantation of Shandong spring and autumn；
6) the 5th year to obtained in step 5) superior strain hills and mountains east spring and autumn superior strain group F1 and Inner Mongol summer it is preferred
Strain group D2 is compared, and F1 and D2 share strain group as a1, is suitble to two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains and a northern area Ji Zuo plantation；F1 groups
The remaining group that body removes strain group a1 is b1, is suitble to the plantation of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains；D2 group removes the residue of strain group a1
Group is c1, and the north is suitble to plant in one season；A1, b1 group are planted in Shandong spring, autumn, a1, c1 group are existed
The plantation of Inner Mongol summer carries out the strain group that screening again is suitable for each ecological region planting, obtains and be suitble to two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains and the north one
The group a2 of Ji Zuoqu plantation, is suitble to the group b2 of two area Ji Zuo of Central Plains plantation, is suitble to the group c2 of one area Ji Zuo of north plantation,
And each excellent group of screening is subjected to detoxification, breeding potato seed；
7) comparative test for carrying out strain for the 6th year to the 7th year to the preferred clone in each region obtained in step 6), is accorded with
Close the kind of breeding objective；
8) progress national region test in the 80th to ten year.
2. the method for potato according to claim 1 rapidly and efficiently breeding, which is characterized in that in the step 1)
Breeding goal refer to the kind of breeding precocious, high yield type and processing type.
3. the method for potato according to claim 1 rapidly and efficiently breeding, which is characterized in that in the step 1)
There is the parent of target property to refer to precocity, high yield, high-quality, resistance kind.
4. the method for potato according to claim 1 rapidly and efficiently breeding, which is characterized in that the step 2) has
The potato that grows directly from seeds of good characteristic refers to that face shaping rule, yield is high, stolon is short, knot potato is concentrated, the potato that grows directly from seeds of anti-shot hole.
5. the method for potato according to claim 1 rapidly and efficiently breeding, which is characterized in that in the step 3)
Autumn delay are as follows: late August sowing.
6. the method for potato according to claim 1 rapidly and efficiently breeding, which is characterized in that in the step 3)
First time screening refer to screening have good stem tuber appearance kind.
7. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 7) comparative test refer to tuber's characters,
Tree characteristics, yield and disease resistance carry out evaluation comparison.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110122320A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-16 | 洛阳农林科学院 | A kind of breeding method of two Ji Zuoqu potato |
| CN111528025A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-14 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | Method for shortening breeding years of potatoes |
| CN114946647A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | Ecological shuttle breeding method for potatoes |
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| CN107155869A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of breeding method rich in anthocyanidin black potato |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107155869A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of breeding method rich in anthocyanidin black potato |
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| 杨青等: "秋延迟马铃薯栽培技术", 《山东蔬菜》 * |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110122320A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-16 | 洛阳农林科学院 | A kind of breeding method of two Ji Zuoqu potato |
| CN111528025A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-14 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | Method for shortening breeding years of potatoes |
| CN111528025B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-28 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | Method for shortening breeding years of potatoes |
| CN114946647A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | Ecological shuttle breeding method for potatoes |
| CN114946647B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-08-22 | 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 | Ecological shuttle breeding method for potatoes |
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Application publication date: 20190329 |