CN107711125B - A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method, this method include selection, sowing, grafting, managing after grafting, site preparation and fertilization, field planting and the double scion graftings of pollinated variety plant, field management and harvesting.Its innovative point is the kind for selecting blade to have yellow to mark for strain of pollinating, by aspermous watermelon and pollination strain grafting on the same stock, form double scion plant, retain the watermelon branches and tendrils of aspermous watermelon and yellow label when training simultaneously, florescence selection blade has the male flower on yellow label branches and tendrils to pollinate to aspermous watermelon.The invention solves the problems, such as that aspermous watermelon production has to individually plant a certain proportion of diploid pollination strain, and double scion grafting plants are able to satisfy aspermous watermelon pollination, while can produce aspermous watermelon, significantly improve seedless watermelon yield.There are the pollination branches and tendrils of yellow label convenient for differentiating simultaneously, substantial saved work amount in pollination, training reason climing and fruit thinning phase, improve working efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to economic plants planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation side
Method.
Background technique
TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER is of fine quality with its, convenient, disease-resistant, waterlogging, storage tolerance and the welcome by consumer, and
Cultivated area constantly expands.
Aspermous watermelon female flower, male flower all height infertility, it is therefore necessary to plant a certain proportion of pollinated variety to aspermous watermelon
Pollination could be as a result, be all at present individually to plant diploid Watermelon in production, aspermous watermelon and Watermelon plant
Ratio is different according to mode is planted.Field planting is concentrated, pollination strain plants the lower about 6-10:1 of ratio, facilitates acquisition pollen,
It will not obscure, but artificial pollination can only be used；Dispersion plants, and Watermelon plant plants the higher about 3-4:1 of ratio, reduces single
The yield of plane product aspermous watermelon, can be used insect pollination, artificial pollination can also be used, but because no matter what kind melon seedling branches and leaves is close
Seemingly, artificial pollination will make manual identification to Watermelon seedling, increase farming amount.Either definite value is concentrated still to disperse definite value, most
Always there is a certain proportion of Watermelon in field when harvest eventually, thus Watermelon and seedless watermelon fruit is required to have apparent area
Not, reputation is sold to prevent confounding effect.Always there is the generation of 9%-25% Watermelon in aspermous watermelon production, has also seriously affected plantation
The economic benefit of peasant household.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation methods, train in field
Plant the double scion graftings of Watermelon of 25% or so aspermous watermelon and yellowing leaf, when training remains with yellow label simultaneously
Watermelon and aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils, take male flower to give aspermous watermelon pollination from the branches and tendrils that blade has yellow to mark, without single
Pollination strain solely is planted, and can clearly differentiate pollination branches and tendrils, this method not only solves the problems, such as that pollination difficulty is distinguished, and can make whole
A greenhouse all produces aspermous watermelon, greatly improves the yield of aspermous watermelon, improves the benefit of plantation economic plants.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method, including selection bottle gourd or pumpkin do graft stock, with three
Times body aspermous watermelon is cooked scion, is cultivated without seed list scion grafting；There are yellow label and Huang with TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER and blade
The diploid Watermelon for changing stable heredity does scion, cultivates double scion graftings；No seed list scion grafting is transferred with double scion
Seedlings picking is colonized in 3:1 ratio；It is given using the male pollen that artificial pollination or insect vector acquire Watermelon on double scion graftings
The female flower pollination of aspermous watermelon on the female flower of no seed list scion grafting and double scion graftings；It removes on Watermelon branches and tendrils
Watermelon fruit.Remaining includes stock sowing, scion sowing, grafting, grafting management, site preparation and fertilization, field planting, field management, harvesting
Such as routine techniques.
Diploid Watermelon variety selection blade of the present invention has yellow label and the kind of heredity is stablized in yellow, such as
The Su Meng of the applicant's breeding yellow No. 1 or Soviet Union's wound Huang 1.The kind is since seed sprouting, cotyledon and growth course middle period
Piece and pericarp, whole plant yellow, blade incise depth, and blade is small, hence it is evident that distinguish over common variety of watermelon, also differ significantly from general
Logical vein yellow kind, select the kind blade have yellow label and yellow can stablize heredity, when facilitating artificial pollination
Pollen is quickly identified and taken at the florescence, also facilitates and is operated when pruning climing reason, fruit thinning, more effectively prevent staying for pseudo- aspermous watermelon
It deposits, it is ensured that melon canopy full dose is harvested without seed melon；And plant branch is more, stem is thin, and plant male flower quantity is more, and pollen amount is big and can be with nothing
Seed watermelon flower synchronization disease-resistant resistance is good.
Su Menghuang 1 or Soviet Union create yellow No. 1 selection the following steps are included:
(1) after 3 points of every afternoon, male flower is removed petal, is placed on by the Watermelon male flower that acquisition next day will open
In drying basin, next day is brushed pollen to test tube case rapidly with brush, dry cryo-conservation；It is penetrated with 10~100 angstroms of wavelength of soft X
Line carries out radiation treatment to it, and dose of radiation is 200~300Gy, and the male pollen after radiation is stained with when the morning 8~11 with writing brush
Brush carries out artificial pollination, obtains seed 1, seed 1 is sowed on the same day open female chapiter, and selfing harvest seed 2 is being planted
After planting, seedling stage finds that the single plant of cotyledon yellow mutation makees female parent P to son 21；
(2) by P1As female parent, with male parent P2PI 386015 hybridizes, and harvests seed F1；
(3) by F1With seed water melon P3Hybridization, obtains filial generation F1P3, seed water melon P3Characteristic requirements branches and tendrils are more, and stem is thinner,
Male flower is more；
(4) F1P3Sowing cultivates mixed pollination and harvests seed F2；
(5) F2Individual plant selfing pollination is cultivated in sowing, nursery selection yellowing leaf plant, selects that blade is small, male flower after bearing fruit
It is more, fruit is small, the single plant more than plant base portion branch reserves seed for planting and harvests F3；
(6) F3It carries out selfing four generations of purifying, individual plant selfing pollination is cultivated in every generation sowing, is selected in four generations without character
It selects, carries out strain comparison after purification, selection meets objective trait requirement, inheritance stability yellowing leaf watermelon plant harvest.
Wherein step (6) sowing is cultivated is cultivated using flowerpot, and flowerpot is side by side, 17 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 1 meter of line-spacing, first under flowerpot
Layer of non-woven fabric, non-woven fabrics upper berth thin film are spread, film makes a call to a round, and each hole communicates with flowerpot hole, protects after growth of watermelon
It is moist to demonstrate,prove non-woven fabrics, flowerpot top does not moisturize irrigation；Growing season management, flowerpot humidity does not occur to wilt with blade noon is
Standard, when early spring cultivates, night covers Small plastic shed, straw screen or mat insulation quilt, and nocturnal temperature cannot be below 12 DEG C in Small plastic shed, daytime,
Insulation quilt is opened, when temperature is more than 35 DEG C in Small plastic shed, then opens Small plastic shed, greenhouse is only at fine day noon, and temperature in greenhouse
When degree is more than 35 DEG C, appropriate ventilation reduces temperature, seedling stage attention control aphid, green worm.The change induced by flowerpot solid cultivation
Different group's seed, seedling stage start water stress, and plant can bear fruit when 60 centimetres long, can harvest seed within 20 days after pollination, plant
Son is put into flowerpot, after a week seed sprouting, can carry out mutant leaf color investigation.
The present invention is further improved scheme, starts to graft, before grafting after the flattening of scion cotyledon to one Ye Yixin of stock
One day, stock is watered with water, and spray 1500 times to kill to obtain 3000 solution, no seed list scion grafting grafting process: first, it will
Stock removes a piece of cotyledon and growing point from apical growing point, along the downward 45 degree of angles of cotyledon direction of extension, and long incision 1cm is left
It is right；Second, by the place 1cm or so under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion, along cotyledon direction of extension, downward 45 degree of angles beveling one
Knife, cutting, long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；Third, then the scion cut is amplexiformed on stock notch, connect stock interface with scion
Tone is closed, and is then clamped with Grafting clip；
Double scion graftings graft process: on the basis of no seed list scion grafting, first cutting Watermelon scion
Two knives, the first knife is under scion cotyledon at 1cm, and along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles is cut off, and the edge of a knife is long
1.5cm or so, the second knife, the place 1.5cm or so under scion cotyledon, perpendicular to the 45 degree of oblique partial applications downwards of the first knife notch,
Cutting, long incision 1cm or so；Secondly under the side cotyledon base portion of the single scion aspermous watermelon stock removal cotyledon grafted
0.5 cm or so place, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl of steel label, depth 1cm or so, other side table is not worn out at steel label tip
Skin, steel label tip of maying be seen indistinctly are advisable；Finally extract steel label, rapidly by the Watermelon scion cut be inserted into, cotyledon direction and
Stock cotyledon intersecting vertical.
This grafting high graft survival rate, sprout tillers is few, reduces the amount of labour, saves seedling Pu cost and recruitment cost.
The further improvement project of the present invention is to cultivate with climbing, and no seed list scion grafting plant uses three climing trainings, is stayed
One main stem and two healthy and strong lateral bines, double scion grafting plant respectively stay one using aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils, Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils
Main stem and side stalwartness lateral bine, growth period arrange branches and tendrils in time；Or hanging tendril cultivation, without seed list scion grafting when training reason is climing
Plant is using single climing training, and double scion grafting plant are using double climing trainings, aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils and Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils
A main stem is respectively stayed, manages climing hanging tendril in time, side shoot is extractd in time.
The further improvement project of the present invention be cultivate with climbing reason it is climing when, sit melon common grafting aspermous watermelon main stem and
Double scion grafting aspermous watermelon main stems and Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils are arranged to the same side.
It is operated convenient for pollination of manually picking flowers, fruit thinning, reduces field work amount, improve production efficiency.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having following obvious advantage:
One, traditional aspermous watermelon cultivation pollination strain, which plants, either concentrates field planting, or dispersion definite value, Watermelon are equal
Occupy certain proportion, is distinguished in the present invention using aspermous watermelon and the double scion Grafted Watermelon Seedlings branches and tendrils of yellow diploid watermelon bright
Aobvious, not only Pollination Modes are flexible, can artificial pollination, can also insect pollination；And double scion graftings can not only use two times
The male flower of body branches and tendrils, can also be to western without seed with the triploid on plant to all TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER female flower pollinations planted
Melon female flower pollination harvest aspermous watermelon, while the blade of diploid watermelon can manufacture nutriment to the aspermous watermelon of homophyletic,
So that aspermous watermelon quantity and yield when identical cultivated area is increased by 9%~25%, is added significantly to the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant household.
Two, in the present invention double scion watermelon seeds diploid watermelon yellowing leaf, it is not affected by environment, something lost can be stablized
It passes, it is significantly different with aspermous watermelon, it can quickly be identified by chrysanthemum blade in pollination period and take pollen, both guarantee that pollination is accurate
Property, it can also save pollination recruitment.Resonable climing, the fruit thinning phase is also convenient for identifying simultaneously, reduces and differentiates work amount, removes on chrysanthemum branches and tendrils
Whole Watermelon fruits, prevent the generation of pseudo- aspermous watermelon.
Three, double scion engrafting methods for using in the present invention do not need to be completely cured like inarching method, also not like method of plant propagation with cutting generation compared with
More sprout tillers alleviate the later period a large amount of amount of labour, save recruitment cost.
Four, the double scion graftings of the present invention are the effect for having undertaken pollination strain, without individually educating diploid watermelon grafting,
Save seedling cost.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. variety selection
Pollination strain variety selection blade has yellow label and yellow can stablize hereditary diploid watermelon kind Soviet Union wound Huang 1
Number, facilitate and quickly identify and take pollen at the florescence when artificial pollination, aspermous watermelon selection Soviet Union wound is good with cold resistance without seed 1
Cucurbit as stock.
2. the disinfection of stock seed, sowing and vernalization
2.1 disinfection
30min is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water before stock sowing, is then cleaned with clear water, with gauze package 30
DEG C incubator vernalization 24 hours.
The selection of 2.2 stock sowing medias
Matrix selects the dedicated seedling medium of vegetables.Appropriate watering, matrix is stirred, and matrix is dispensed into 50 holes before sowing
In hole tray.
2.3 sowings and vernalization
The seed that do not sprout is multicast in 50 hole standard seedling culture hole plates, when sowing, seed requires to lay flat, and direction one
It causes, the stock sowing time shifts to an earlier date 5-7 days than scion.It is after planting placed in germinating cabinet and cultivates, kept for 25 DEG C -35 DEG C before emerging,
And mulch water conservation is covered, it does not water before emergence, after most of seed top soil, moves on in greenhouse, temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, removably
Film, watering, sprays 50% carbendazim solution.
2.4 stocks after planting manage
It is after planting placed in heating greenhouse and cultivates, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emerging, and covers mulch water conservation, before emergence not
Watering, warm room temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, removes mulch, watering, 50% carbendazim solution.
3. the sowing of scion and after planting managing
The disinfection of 3.1 variety of watermelon and sowing
30min is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water before watermelon seed sowing, is then cleaned with clear water,
3.2 scion sowing medias
Matrix selects Seedling growing matrix special for melons or the dedicated seedling medium of vegetables.Appropriate watering, matrix is stirred before sowing,
And matrix is dispensed into the disk of square position.
3.3 are seeded into seed in square position, after planting cover vermiculite, are placed in heating greenhouse and grow.
3.4 scion after planting manage
Mulch film moisture-keeping is after planting covered, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emerging, and warm room temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, goes
Except mulch, spray 50% carbendazim solution, in time water, see it is dry see it is wet.
4. grafting
Start to graft after the flattening of scion cotyledon to one Ye Yixin of stock, grafting the previous day, is watered with water, and spray 1500 times
Solution can be killed to obtain.
4.1 without seed list scion grafting grafting process: first, by stock from apical growing point, along cotyledon stretching, extension side
A piece of cotyledon and growing point, long incision 1cm or so are removed to downward 45 degree of angles；Second, it will be under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion
The place 1cm or so, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 45 degree of angles, cutting, long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；Third, then will cut
Good scion is amplexiformed on stock notch, so that stock interface and scion interface is coincide, is then clamped with Grafting clip.
4.2 pairs of scion graftings graft process: on the basis of no seed list scion grafting, first by Watermelon scion
Two knives are cut, the first knife is under scion cotyledon at 1cm, and along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles is cut off, the edge of a knife
Long 1.5cm or so, the second knife, the place 1.5cm or so under scion cotyledon, perpendicular to the 45 degree of bevelings one downwards of the first knife notch
Knife, cutting, long incision 1cm or so；Secondly in the side cotyledon base portion of the single scion aspermous watermelon stock removal cotyledon grafted
Lower 0.5 cm or so place, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl of steel label, depth 1cm or so, the other side is not worn out at steel label tip
Epidermis, steel label tip of maying be seen indistinctly are advisable；Steel label are finally extracted, are rapidly inserted into the Watermelon scion cut, cotyledon direction
With stock cotyledon intersecting vertical.
5. grafting manages
5.1 grafting temperature managements
After grafting in 3 days, on 26-28 DEG C of daytime, 20-25 DEG C of evening, temperature wants aeration-cooling when being higher than 32 DEG C, warm after three days
15 DEG C of degree or more, grafting normal management after 7 days.
5.2 grafting moisture managements
After grafting in three days humidity require 95% or more, if here blade withers, can appropriate spray water, to guarantee humidity.Three days
Afterwards and spray 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% it is general make every effort to overcome aqua, after 7 days normal management water.
5.3 grafting illumination managements
It wants sunshade net to cover within three days after grafting, after three days, is covered in fine day noon sunshade net, restore normal pipe after seven days
Reason.
5.4 graftings sprout evil management
A small amount of sprout tillers is removed after seven days, in time to prevent grafting shoot survival percent decline.
5.5 grafting fertilizer managements
Yi Gao Meishi organic water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed within 10 days after grafting, promotes grafting nutrient growth, sprays weekly later
Once.
6. site preparation does furrow
Abundant decomposed manure 1000kg~1500kg, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg~60kg are applied to every 667m2,
Urea 10kg~15kg.Bedding is turned over after fertilising, is cultivated with climbing, wide 2.7m of furrow face or so, the wide 40cm of furrow ditch；The high 15cm of furrow face~
20cm, the wide 30cm~40cm of furrow ditch install drip irrigation zone, cover Silver Grey Mulching Film.
7. field planting and double scion plant plant
It when 3 blades of grafting or so, can be colonized, good double scion plant be configured, to pollinate, every 3 plants without seed list
Scion grafting will be colonized 1 plant of double scion grafting.It is colonized 1 row among furrow face, is colonized spacing in the rows 35cm~45cm, every 667m2
600 plants~650 plants of field planting；Field planting depth is advisable with not crossing the seedling matrix that sticks together, and pours root water.
8. field management
8.1 temperature rich water, pest management: after field planting in 1 week, closed greenhouse improves temperature, promotes slow seedling；After slow seedling
Start normal management, stretch the climing phase, daytime controls 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night；Bear fruit the phase, control 28 DEG C~32 on daytime
DEG C, 18 DEG C~22 DEG C of night；Fruit expanding period, daytime control 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night.It is every with trickle irrigation to stretch the climing phase
Mu imposes the instant fertilizer 5kg~10kg of 40% or more high nitrogen.Bear fruit phase strict control rich water, is generally not required to fertilising and pours water.5d after bearing fruit
~7d imposes the 45% high instant fertilizer 5kg~10kg of potassium per acre with trickle irrigation, imposes once every 5d, totally 2 times~3 times.Seedling stage pays attention to
It is anti-to eliminate aphis, green worm；Growth period attention control powdery mildew, anthracnose.
8.2 training reasons are climing: Su Chuanwu seed 1 uses three climing trainings, stays a main stem and two healthy and strong lateral bines；Double scion plant
Using four climing trainings, No. 1 watermelon of Su Chuanwu seed and Soviet Union create and respectively stay a main stem on yellow No. 1 watermelon (blade has yellow label) branches and tendrils
With a lateral bine, growth period arranges branches and tendrils in time, and the Soviet Union for sitting melon creates No. 1 aspermous watermelon main stem and double scion graftings Soviet Union No. 1 nothing of wound
Seed watermelon main stem and Soviet Union create yellow No. 1 branches and tendrils and arrange to the same side, and extra side shoot is extractd in time, after watermelon sits fruit, stop whole
Branch.
8.3 pollinations, fruit thinning: the florescence selects the same day on the diploid branches and tendrils that blade has yellow to mark in double scion plant open
Male flower created without the Soviet Union of seed 1 and oneself homophyletic without No. 1 watermelon third of seed or the 4th female flower in morning 7:00~11:00 to Soviet Union's wound
Pollination is thinning out the melon that section is uncomfortable, scar is not rectified, had to fruit shape.All melons being thinning out on the diploid branches and tendrils of yellow label
Fruit.
9. harvesting: harvesting within 30~32 days after pollination.
Spring in 2016 is tested in Jiangsu Province, academy of agricultural sciences, Huai'an vinyl house, the Elemental characters of soil are as follows: organic
Matter 24.6 g/kg, full nitrogen 0.54g/kg, 9.5 mg/kg of rapid available phosphorus, available potassium 28.8mg/kg, pH value 7.1；Test process
Are as follows: for the step of using the present embodiment 1 cultivation Soviet Union's wound without seed 1, diploid scion uses Soviet Union wound Huang 1 of the blade with yellow label
Number watermelon；Control is conventionally cultivated, and it is 3:1 that Su Chuanwu seed 1, which is created No. 4 casting skin watermelon field planting ratios with Soviet Union,；It weighs three times
Multiple, plot area 36.4m2 is sowed, harvesting on May 22 on 2 20th, 2016, and field management measure is identical；Inspection target
Are as follows: seedless watermelon yield (is converted into per mu yield).Test result shows: Soviet Union's wound of the present embodiment 1 increases without No. 1 yield increased of seed
Add 24.5%, see Table 1 for details.
Embodiment 2
1. variety selection
Pollination strain variety selection blade has yellow label and yellow can stablize hereditary diploid watermelon kind Su Meng Huang 1
Number, facilitate and quickly identify and take pollen at the florescence when artificial pollination, aspermous watermelon selects Su Meng 1, with the good south of cold resistance
Melon is as stock.
2. the disinfection of stock seed, sowing and vernalization
2.1 disinfection
30min is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water before stock sowing, is then cleaned with clear water, with gauze package 30
DEG C incubator vernalization 24 hours.
The selection of 2.2 stock sowing medias
Matrix selects the dedicated seedling medium of vegetables.Appropriate watering, matrix is stirred, and matrix is dispensed into 50 holes before sowing
In hole tray.
2.3 sowings and vernalization
The seed that do not sprout is multicast in 50 hole standard seedling culture hole plates, when sowing, seed requires to lay flat, and direction one
It causes, the stock sowing time shifts to an earlier date 5-7 days than scion.It is after planting placed in germinating cabinet and cultivates, kept for 25 DEG C -35 DEG C before emerging,
And mulch water conservation is covered, it does not water before emergence, after most of seed top soil, moves on in greenhouse, temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, removably
Film, watering, sprays 50% carbendazim solution.
2.4 stocks after planting manage
It is after planting placed in heating greenhouse and cultivates, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emerging, and covers mulch water conservation, before emergence not
Watering, warm room temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, removes mulch, watering, 50% carbendazim solution.
3. the sowing of scion and after planting managing
The disinfection of 3.1 variety of watermelon and sowing
30min is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water before watermelon seed sowing, is then cleaned with clear water,
3.2 scion sowing medias
Matrix selects Seedling growing matrix special for melons or the dedicated seedling medium of vegetables.Appropriate watering, matrix is stirred before sowing,
And matrix is dispensed into the disk of square position.
3.3 are seeded into seed in square position, after planting cover vermiculite, are placed in heating greenhouse and grow.
3.4 scion after planting manage
Mulch film moisture-keeping is after planting covered, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emerging, and warm room temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, goes
Except mulch, spray 50% carbendazim solution, in time water, see it is dry see it is wet.
4. grafting
Start to graft after the flattening of scion cotyledon to one Ye Yixin of stock, grafting the previous day, is watered with water, and spray 1500 times
3000 aqueous solutions can be killed to obtain.
4.1 without seed list scion grafting grafting process: first, by stock from apical growing point, along cotyledon stretching, extension side
A piece of cotyledon and growing point, long incision 1cm or so are removed to downward 45 degree of angles；Second, it will be under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion
The place 1cm or so, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 45 degree of angles, cutting, long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；Third, then will cut
Good scion is amplexiformed on stock notch, so that stock interface and scion interface is coincide, is then clamped with Grafting clip.
4.2 pairs of scion graftings graft process: on the basis of no seed list scion grafting, first by Watermelon scion
Two knives are cut, the first knife is under scion cotyledon at 1cm, and along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles is cut off, the edge of a knife
Long 1.5cm or so, the second knife, the place 1.5cm or so under scion cotyledon, perpendicular to the 45 degree of bevelings one downwards of the first knife notch
Knife, cutting, long incision 1cm or so；Secondly in the side cotyledon base portion of the single scion aspermous watermelon stock removal cotyledon grafted
Lower 0.5 cm or so place, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl of steel label, depth 1cm or so, the other side is not worn out at steel label tip
Epidermis, steel label tip of maying be seen indistinctly are advisable；Steel label are finally extracted, are rapidly inserted into the Watermelon scion cut, cotyledon direction
With stock cotyledon intersecting vertical.
5. grafting manages
5.1 grafting temperature managements
After grafting in 3 days, on 26-28 DEG C of daytime, 20-25 DEG C of evening, temperature wants aeration-cooling when being higher than 32 DEG C, warm after three days
15 DEG C of degree or more, grafting normal management after 7 days.
5.2 grafting moisture managements
After grafting in three days humidity require 95% or more, if here blade withers, can appropriate spray water, to guarantee humidity.Three days
Afterwards and spray 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% it is general make every effort to overcome aqua, after 7 days normal management water.
5.3 grafting illumination managements
It wants sunshade net to cover within three days after grafting, after three days, is covered in fine day noon sunshade net, restore normal pipe after seven days
Reason.
5.4 graftings sprout evil management
A small amount of sprout tillers is removed after seven days, in time to prevent grafting shoot survival percent decline.
5.5 grafting fertilizer managements
Yi Gao Meishi organic water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed within 10 days after grafting, promotes grafting nutrient growth, sprays weekly later
Once.
6. site preparation does furrow
Abundant decomposed manure 1000kg~1500kg, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg~60kg are applied to every 667m2,
Urea 10kg~15kg.Bedding is turned over after fertilising, is cultivated using hanging tendril, and the wide 1.2m of furrow face, the high 15cm~20cm of furrow face, furrow ditch is wide
30cm~40cm installs drip irrigation zone, covers Silver Grey Mulching Film.
7. field planting and double scion plant plant
It when 3 blades of grafting or so, can be colonized, good double scion plant be configured, to pollinate, every 3 plants without seed list
Scion grafting will be colonized 1 plant of double scion grafting.Every furrow are colonized 2 rows, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, every 667m2 field planting 2400
Strain~2600 plants；Field planting depth is advisable with not crossing the seedling matrix that sticks together, and pours root water.
8. field management
8.1 temperature rich water, pest management: after field planting in 1 week, closed greenhouse improves temperature, promotes slow seedling；After slow seedling
Start normal management, stretch the climing phase, daytime controls 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night；Bear fruit the phase, control 28 DEG C~32 on daytime
DEG C, 18 DEG C~22 DEG C of night；Fruit expanding period, daytime control 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night.It is every with trickle irrigation to stretch the climing phase
Mu imposes the instant fertilizer 5kg~10kg of 40% or more high nitrogen.Bear fruit phase strict control rich water, is generally not required to fertilising and pours water.5d after bearing fruit
~7d imposes the 45% high instant fertilizer 5kg~10kg of potassium per acre with trickle irrigation, imposes once every 5d, totally 2 times~3 times.Seedling stage pays attention to
It is anti-to eliminate aphis, green worm；Growth period attention control powdery mildew, anthracnose.
8.2 training reasons are climing: Su Meng 1, using single climing training, is stayed a main stem；Su Meng 1 and Su Menghuang 1 double scion plant
Using double climing trainings, a main stem, growth period are respectively stayed on No. 1 watermelon of Su Meng and Su Menghuang 1 (blade has yellow label) branches and tendrils
Branches and tendrils are arranged in time, and extra side shoot is extractd in time, stays 10 leaves~15 leaves topping after sitting melon.
8.3 pollinations, fruit thinning: the florescence utilizes honeybee pollination, and the watermelon for staying third or the 4th female flower to be formed is thinning out section not
The melon and fruit on the melon and all diploid branches and tendrils for having yellow to mark of scar is not rectified, had to suitable, fruit shape.
9. harvesting: harvesting within 28~30 days after pollination.
Spring in 2016 is tested in Jiangsu Province, academy of agricultural sciences, Huai'an vinyl house, the Elemental characters of soil are as follows: organic
Matter 23.9 g/kg, full nitrogen 0.52g/kg, 9.4 mg/kg of rapid available phosphorus, available potassium 28.2mg/kg, pH value 7.1；Test process
Are as follows: the step of using the present embodiment 2 cultivates Su Meng 1, and diploid scion is No. 1 yellow using the Su Meng that blade has yellow to mark；It is right
According to conventionally cultivating, pollination strain is done with No. 3 casting skin watermelons of Su Meng, Su Meng 1 is colonized ratio with No. 3 casting skin watermelons of Su Meng
For 3:1；Plot area is 40m2, is repeated three times, is sowed on 2 20th, 2016, harvesting on May 20, field management measure phase
Together；Inspection target are as follows: seedless watermelon yield (is converted into per mu yield).Test result shows: No. 1 yield of Su Meng of the present embodiment 1
Increase by 25.2% than control, see Table 1 for details.
| Processing | Yield (kg/667m2) | Aspermous watermelon is than control volume increase (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 3183.4 | 24.5 |
| Control 1 | 2557.1 | |
| Embodiment 2 | 6384.6 | 25.2 |
| Control 2 | 5099.4 |
Basic principle of the invention, main feature, major advantage and method has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel above-described embodiment and only illustrate described in illustrating it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments
The principle of invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention without departing from the scope of the present invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention, the claimed scope of the invention is by attached claims and its waits
Jljl is defined.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method, which is characterized in that grafted including selection bottle gourd or pumpkin
Stock does scion with TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER, cultivates without seed list scion grafting；There is yellow with TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER and blade
The diploid Watermelon that heredity is stablized in label and yellow does scion, cultivates double scion graftings；Without seed list scion grafting with
Double scion graftings are colonized in 3:1 ratio；Watermelon on double scion graftings is acquired using artificial pollination or insect vector
Male pollen is pollinated to the female flower of aspermous watermelon on the female flower of no seed list scion grafting and double scion graftings；Remove Watermelon
Watermelon fruit on branches and tendrils；
Blade have yellow label and yellow stablize heredity diploid Watermelon scion selection the following steps are included:
(1) after 3 points of every afternoon, male flower is removed petal, is placed on drying by the Watermelon male flower that acquisition next day will open
In ware, next day is brushed pollen to test tube case rapidly with brush, dry cryo-conservation；With 10~100 angstroms of grenz ray pair of wavelength
It carries out radiation treatment, and dose of radiation is 200~300Gy, and the male pollen after radiation is stained with brush with writing brush and exists when the morning 8~11
On the same day open female chapiter, artificial pollination is carried out, seed 1 is obtained, seed 1 is sowed, selfing harvest seed 2 is broadcast in seed 2
After kind, seedling stage finds that the single plant of cotyledon yellow mutation makees female parent P1；
(2) by P1As female parent, with male parent P2PI 386015 hybridizes, and harvests seed F1；
(3) by F1With seed water melon P3Hybridization, obtains filial generation F1P3, seed water melon P3Characteristic requirements branches and tendrils are more, and stem is thinner, male flower
It is more；
(4) F1P3Sowing cultivates mixed pollination and harvests seed F2；
(5) F2Individual plant selfing pollination is cultivated in sowing, and nursery selection yellowing leaf plant, selection blade is small after bearing fruit, male flower is more, fruit
Real small, more than plant base portion branch single plant, which is reserved seed for planting, harvests F3；
(6) F3It carries out selfing four generations of purifying, individual plant selfing pollination is cultivated in every generation sowing, pure without character determination in four generations
Strain comparison is carried out after change, selection meets objective trait requirement, inheritance stability yellowing leaf watermelon plant harvest.
2. a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to stock one
Leaf wholeheartedly, after the flattening of scion cotyledon, starts to graft, and stock is watered with water, and spray 1500 times to kill to obtain 3000 water by grafting the previous day
Solution, no seed list scion grafting grafting process: first, it is downward along cotyledon direction of extension by stock from apical growing point
45 degree of angles remove a piece of cotyledon and growing point, long incision 1cm or so；Second, by 1cm or so under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion
Place, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 45 degree of angles, cutting, long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；Third, then the scion that will have been cut
It amplexiforms on stock notch, so that stock interface and scion interface is coincide, then clamped with Grafting clip；
Double scion graftings graft process: on the basis of no seed list scion grafting, two knives are cut into Watermelon scion first,
First knife is under scion cotyledon at 1cm, and along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles is cut off, the long 1.5cm of the edge of a knife
Left and right, the second knife, the place 1.5cm or so under scion cotyledon are cut off perpendicular to the 45 degree of oblique partial applications downwards of the first knife notch,
Long incision 1cm or so；Secondly 0.5cm is left under the side cotyledon base portion of the single scion aspermous watermelon stock removal cotyledon grafted
Right place, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl of steel label, depth 1cm or so, steel label tip does not wear out other side epidermis, indistinctly may be used
See that steel label tip is advisable；Steel label are finally extracted, are rapidly inserted into the Watermelon scion cut, cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon are handed over
Fork is vertical.
3. a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: plant with climbing
Training, no seed list scion grafting plant use three climing trainings, stay a main stem and two healthy and strong lateral bines, and double scion grafting plant are adopted
A main stem and side stalwartness lateral bine are respectively stayed with aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils, Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils, growth period arranges branches and tendrils in time；
Or hanging tendril cultivation, without seed list scion grafting plant using single climing training when training reason is climing, double scion grafting plant are using double
Climing training, aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils and Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils respectively stay a main stem, manage climing hanging tendril in time, side shoot is extractd in time.
4. a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: plant with climbing
When training reason is climing, the common grafting aspermous watermelon main stem and double scion for sitting melon graft aspermous watermelon main stem and Watermelon yellow
Branches and tendrils are arranged to the same side.
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| CN110122091A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of method that Cd content reduces Cd Pollution in Soil simultaneously in reduction Watermelon Fruit |
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| CN101731089A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-06-16 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Method for producing seedless watermelon seedlings |
| CN106922404A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-07 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method |
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| CN106973682A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-25 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of aspermous watermelon manpower-free pollination cultural method |
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| CN101731089A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-06-16 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Method for producing seedless watermelon seedlings |
| CN106922404A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-07 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method |
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