CN107711125A - A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107711125A CN107711125A CN201711225765.5A CN201711225765A CN107711125A CN 107711125 A CN107711125 A CN 107711125A CN 201711225765 A CN201711225765 A CN 201711225765A CN 107711125 A CN107711125 A CN 107711125A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method, the selection, sowing, grafting, managing after grafting, site preparation and fertilization, field planting and double scion graftings of this method including pollinated variety plant, field management and harvesting.Its innovative point is to select blade to have the kind that yellow marks for strain of pollinating, by aspermous watermelon and pollination strain grafting on same stock, form double scion plant, retain the watermelon branches and tendrils of aspermous watermelon and yellow mark during training simultaneously, florescence selection blade has the male flower on yellow mark branches and tendrils to be pollinated to aspermous watermelon.The invention solves the problems, such as that aspermous watermelon production has to individually plant a certain proportion of diploid pollination strain, and double scion grafting plants can meet that aspermous watermelon is pollinated, while can produce aspermous watermelon, significantly improve seedless watermelon yield.The pollination branches and tendrils for having yellow to mark simultaneously are easy to differentiate, and substantial saving in work amount in pollination, training reason climing and fruit thinning phase, improve operating efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to economic plants planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation side
Method.
Background technology
TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER is welcome with its of fine quality, instant, disease-resistant, waterlogging, storage tolerance by consumer, and
Cultivated area constantly expands.
Aspermous watermelon female flower, male flower all height infertility, it is therefore necessary to plant a certain proportion of pollinated variety to aspermous watermelon
Pollination could result, be all at present individually to plant diploid Watermelon in production, aspermous watermelon and Watermelon plant
Ratio is different according to mode is planted.Field planting is concentrated, pollination strain plants the relatively low about 6-10 of ratio:1, it is convenient to gather pollen,
It will not obscure, but artificial pollination can only be used；Scattered to plant, Watermelon plant plants the higher about 3-4 of ratio:1, reduce single
Plane accumulates the yield of aspermous watermelon, can use insect pollination, can also use artificial pollination, but because no matter what kind melon seedling branches and leaves is near
Seemingly, artificial pollination will make manual identification to Watermelon seedling, increase farming amount.Either definite value is concentrated still to disperse definite value, most
Always there is a certain proportion of Watermelon in field during harvest eventually, thus requires that Watermelon and seedless watermelon fruit will have obvious area
Not, reputation is sold to prevent confounding effect.Always there is the generation of 9%-25% Watermelons in aspermous watermelon production, also had a strong impact on plantation
The economic benefit of peasant household.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method, is trained in field
Plant the double scion graftings of Watermelon of 25% or so aspermous watermelon and yellowing leaf, remain with yellow mark simultaneously during training
Watermelon and aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils, from blade have yellow mark branches and tendrils on take male flower give aspermous watermelon pollination, without list
Pollination strain solely is planted, and can clearly differentiate pollination branches and tendrils, this method not only solves pollination difficulty and distinguishes problem, and can make whole
Individual greenhouse all produces aspermous watermelon, greatly improves the yield of aspermous watermelon, improves the benefit of plantation economic plants.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method, including selection bottle gourd or pumpkin do graft stock, use triploid
Aspermous watermelon is cooked scion, cultivates no seed list scion grafting；There is yellow mark with TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER and blade and yellow is steady
The diploid Watermelon of fixed heredity does scion, cultivates double scion graftings；Without seed list scion grafting and double scion graftings
By 3：1 ratio is colonized；Given using the male pollen of Watermelon in artificial pollination or the double scion graftings of insect vector collection without seed
The female flower pollination of aspermous watermelon on the female flower of single scion grafting and double scion graftings；Remove the watermelon on Watermelon branches and tendrils
Fruit.Remaining is as usual including stock sowing, scion sowing, grafting, grafting management, site preparation and fertilization, field planting, field management, harvesting
Rule technology.
Diploid Watermelon variety selection blade of the present invention has the kind of yellow mark and the stable heredity of yellow, such as
The Su Meng of the applicant's seed selection yellow No. 1 or Soviet Union's wound Huang 1.The kind is since seed sprouting, cotyledon and growth course middle period
Piece and pericarp, whole plant yellow, blade incise depth, and blade is small, hence it is evident that distinguish over common variety of watermelon, also differ significantly from general
Logical vein yellow kind, the kind blade is selected to have yellow mark and yellow to stablize heredity, when facilitating artificial pollination
Pollen is quickly identified and taken at the florescence, is also convenient for operating when pruning climing reason, fruit thinning, more effectively prevents staying for pseudo- aspermous watermelon
Deposit, it is ensured that melon canopy full dose harvests without seed melon；And plant branch is more, stem is thin, and plant male flower quantity is more, and pollen amount is big and can be with nothing
Seed watermelon flower synchronization disease-resistant resistance is good.
Su Meng Huangs 1 or yellow No. 1 selection of Soviet Union's wound comprise the following steps：
（1）After 3 points of every afternoon, the Watermelon male flower that will open of collection next day, male flower is removed into petal, is placed on drying
In ware, next day is brushed pollen to test tube case rapidly with brush, dries Cord blood；With 10~100 angstroms of grenz ray pair of wavelength
It carries out radiation treatment, and dose of radiation is 200~300Gy, and the male pollen after radiation is stained with brush when the morning 8~11, with writing brush and existed
The same day is opened on female chapiter, carries out artificial pollination, obtains seed 1, seed 1 is sowed, and selfing harvest seed 2, is broadcast in seed 2
After kind, seedling stage finds that the individual plant of cotyledon yellow mutation makees maternal P1；
（2）By P1As female parent, with male parent P2PI 386015 hybridizes, harvest seed F1；
（3）By F1With seed water melon P3Hybridization, obtains filial generation F1P3, seed water melon P3Characteristic requirements branches and tendrils are more, and stem is thinner, male
Hua Duo；
（4）F1P3Mixed pollination harvest seed F is cultivated in sowing2；
（5）F2Individual plant selfing pollination is cultivated in sowing, and nursery selection yellowing leaf plant, selection blade is small after bearing fruit, male flower is more, fruit
Individual plant more than real small, plant base portion branch, which is reserved seed for planting, harvests F3；
（6）F3Selfing four generations of purifying are carried out, per a generation, individual plant selfing pollination is cultivated in sowing, without character determination in four generations,
Strain comparison is carried out after purification, and selection meets objective trait requirement, inheritance stability yellowing leaf watermelon plant harvest.
Wherein step（6）Sowing cultivate using flowerpot cultivate, flowerpot side by side, 17 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 1 meter of line-spacing, under flowerpot first
Layer of non-woven fabric, non-woven fabrics upper berth thin film are spread, film makes a call to a round, and each hole communicates with flowerpot hole, protected after growth of watermelon
It is moist to demonstrate,prove non-woven fabrics, flowerpot top does not moisturize irrigation；Growing season management, flowerpot humidity using blade noon do not occur wilting as
Standard, when early spring cultivates, night covering Small plastic shed, straw screen or mat insulation quilt, nocturnal temperature cannot be below 12 DEG C in Small plastic shed, daytime,
Open insulation quilt, when temperature is more than 35 DEG C in Small plastic shed, then open Small plastic shed, greenhouse is and warm in greenhouse only at fine day noon
When degree is more than 35 DEG C, appropriate ventilation reduces temperature, seedling stage attention control aphid, blue or green worm.The change induced by flowerpot solid cultivation
Different colony's seed, seedling stage start water stress, and plant can bear fruit when growing 60 centimetres, can harvest seed within 20 days after pollination, plant
Son is put into flowerpot, seed sprouting after one week, you can carries out mutant leaf color investigation.
Further improvement project of the invention is to treat the leaf of stock one wholeheartedly, after the flattening of scion cotyledon, starts grafting, before grafting
One day, stock is poured into water, and spray 1500 times to kill to obtain 3000 solution, no seed list scion grafting grafting flow：First, will
Stock removes a piece of cotyledon and growing point at apical growing point, along the downward 45 degree of angles of cotyledon direction of extension, and long incision 1cm is left
It is right；Second, by 1cm or so places under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion, along cotyledon direction of extension, downward 45 degree of angles beveling one
Knife, cut-out, the long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；3rd, then the scion cut is amplexiformed on stock otch, stock interface is connect with scion
Tone is closed, and is then clamped with Grafting clip；
Double scion grafting grafting flows：On the basis of without seed list scion grafting, two knives are cut into Watermelon scion first,
First knife at 1cm, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles, is cut off, the long 1.5cm of the edge of a knife under scion cotyledon
Left and right, the second knife, 1.5cm or so places under scion cotyledon, perpendicular to the 45 degree of oblique partial applications downwards of the first knife otch, cut off,
Long incision 1cm or so；Secondly 0.5 cm under the side cotyledon base portion of cotyledon is removed in the single scion aspermous watermelon stock grafted
At left and right, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl, depth 1cm or so of steel label, opposite side epidermis is not worn out at steel label tip, indistinctly
It can be seen that steel label tip is advisable；Steel label are finally extracted, rapidly insert the Watermelon scion cut, cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon
Intersecting vertical.
This grafting high graft survival rate, sprout tillers is few, reduces the amount of labour, saves seedling Pu cost and recruitment cost.
Further improvement project of the invention is to cultivate with climbing, and no seed list scion grafting plant uses three climing trainings, stays
One main stem and two healthy and strong lateral bines, double scion grafting plant respectively stay one using aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils, Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils
Bar main stem and side stalwartness lateral bine, growth period arrange branches and tendrils in time；Or climing cultivation is hung, without seed list scion grafting when training reason is climing
Plant is using single climing training, and double scion grafting plant are using double climing trainings, aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils and Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils
Respectively stay a main stem, manage in time it is climing hang climing, side shoot is extractd in time.
Further improvement project of the invention be cultivate with climbing reason it is climing when, sit melon common grafting aspermous watermelon main stem and
Double scion grafting aspermous watermelon main stems and Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils arrange to the same side.
It is easy to manually pick flowers pollination, fruit thinning operation, reduces field work amount, improve production efficiency.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious advantage：
First, traditional aspermous watermelon cultivation pollination strain, which plants, either concentrates field planting, or scattered definite value, Watermelon to occupy
Certain proportion, distinguished substantially, no using aspermous watermelon and the double scion Grafted Watermelon Seedlings branches and tendrils of yellow diploid watermelon in of the invention
But Pollination Modes are flexible, can artificial pollination, also can insect pollination；And double scion graftings can not only use diploid branches and tendrils
The TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER female flowers pollination that plants to all of male flower, can also give with the TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER female flower on plant
Pollination harvest aspermous watermelon, while the blade of diploid watermelon can give the aspermous watermelon manufacture nutriment of homophyletic, make identical
Aspermous watermelon quantity and yield increase by 9%~25% during cultivated area, it is added significantly to the economic well-being of workers and staff of peasant household.
2nd, in the present invention double scion watermelon seeds diploid watermelon yellowing leaf, it is not affected by environment, can stablize and lose
Pass, it is significantly different with aspermous watermelon, it can quickly be identified by chrysanthemum blade in pollination period and take pollen, both ensure that pollination is accurate
Property, it can also save pollination recruitment.Resonable climing, the fruit thinning phase also allows for identifying simultaneously, reduces and differentiates work amount, removes on chrysanthemum branches and tendrils
Whole Watermelon fruits, prevent the generation of pseudo- aspermous watermelon.
3rd, double scion engrafting methods for using in the present invention, be not completely cured like inarching method needs, also not like method of plant propagation with cutting generation compared with
More sprout tillers, the later stage substantial amounts of amount of labour is alleviated, save recruitment cost.
4th, the double scion graftings of the present invention are the effect for having undertaken pollination strain, without individually educating diploid watermelon grafting,
Save seedling cost.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. variety selection
Strain variety selection blade of pollinating has yellow mark and yellow can stablize the diploid watermelon kind Soviet Union wound Huang 1 of heredity,
Facilitate and quickly identify and take pollen during artificial pollination at the florescence, aspermous watermelon selection Soviet Union wound is without seed 1, with the good calabash of cold resistance
Lu Zuowei stocks.
2. the sterilization of stock seed, sowing and vernalization
2.1 sterilization
With 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water sterilization 30min before stock sowing, then cleaned with clear water, with 30 DEG C of temperature of gauze wrapped
Case vernalization 24 hours.
2.2 stock sowing medias select
Matrix selects the special seedling medium of vegetables.Suitably watered before sowing, matrix is stirred, and matrix is dispensed into 50 hole disks
In.
2.3 sowings and vernalization
The seed do not sprouted is multicast in 50 hole standard seedling culture hole plates, during sowing, seed requirement is kept flat, and direction is consistent, anvil
The wooden sowing time shifts to an earlier date 5-7 days than scion.After planting it is placed in germinating cabinet and cultivates, is kept for 25 DEG C -35 DEG C before emerging, and cover
Mulch film water conservation, do not water before emergence, after the soil of most of seed top, move on in greenhouse, temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, removes mulch film, pours
Water, spray 50% carbendazim solution.
2.4 stocks after planting manage
After planting it is placed in heating greenhouse and cultivates, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emergence, and covers mulch film water conservation, is not poured before emergence
Water, warm indoor temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, removes mulch film, watering, 50% carbendazim solution.
3. the sowing of scion and after planting manage
3.1 variety of watermelon sterilize and sowing
With 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water sterilization 30min before watermelon seed sowing, then cleaned with clear water,
3.2 scion sowing medias
Matrix selects Seedling growing matrix special for melons or the special seedling medium of vegetables.Suitably watered before sowing, matrix is stirred, and will
Matrix is dispensed into the disk of square position.
3.3 are seeded into seed in square position, after planting cover vermiculite, are placed in heating greenhouse and grow.
3.4 scion after planting manage
Mulch film moisture-keeping is after planting covered, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emergence, and warm indoor temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, removably
Film, spray 50% carbendazim solution, in time watering, see it is dry see it is wet.
4. grafting
Treat the leaf of stock one wholeheartedly, after the flattening of scion cotyledon, start grafting, grafting the previous day, pour water, and spray 1500 times to kill
Obtain solution.
4.1 without seed list scion grafting grafting flow：First, by stock at apical growing point, along cotyledon stretching, extension side
A piece of cotyledon and growing point, long incision 1cm or so are removed to downward 45 degree of angles；Second, by under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion
1cm or so places, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 45 degree of angles, cut-out, the long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；3rd, then will cut
Good scion is amplexiformed on stock otch, stock interface is coincide with scion interface, is then clamped with Grafting clip.
4.2 pairs of scion grafting grafting flows：On the basis of without seed list scion grafting, first by Watermelon scion
Two knives are cut, the first knife at 1cm, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles, is cut off, the edge of a knife under scion cotyledon
Long 1.5cm or so, the second knife, 1.5cm or so places under scion cotyledon, perpendicular to the 45 degree of bevelings one downwards of the first knife otch
Knife, cut-out, long incision 1cm or so；Secondly the side cotyledon base portion of cotyledon is removed in the single scion aspermous watermelon stock grafted
Lower 0.5 cm or so place, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl, depth 1cm or so of steel label, opposite side is not worn out at steel label tip
Epidermis, steel label tip of maying be seen indistinctly are advisable；Steel label are finally extracted, are rapidly inserted the Watermelon scion cut, cotyledon direction
With stock cotyledon intersecting vertical.
5. grafting manages
5.1 grafting temperature treatments
After grafting in 3 days, 26-28 DEG C of daytime, 20-25 DEG C of evening, aeration-cooling, temperature 15 after three days when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C
More than DEG C, grafting normal management after 7 days.
5.2 grafting moisture managements
Humidity requirement more than 95% in three days after grafting, if here blade withers, can appropriate spray water, to ensure humidity.After three days simultaneously
Spray 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% it is general make every effort to overcome aqua, after 7 days normal management water.
5.3 grafting illumination managements
Want Shading net covering within three days after grafting, after three days, in fine day noon Shading net covering, recover normal management after seven days.
5.4 graftings sprout evil management
A small amount of sprout tillers is removed after seven days in time, is declined to prevent grafting shoot survival percent.
5.5 grafting fertilizer managements
Yi Gao Meishi organic water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed within 10 days after grafting, promotes grafting nutrient growth, sprays weekly once later.
6. site preparation does furrow
Abundant decomposed manure 1000kg~1500kg, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg~60kg, urea are applied per 667m2
10kg~15kg.Bedding is turned over after fertilising, is cultivated with climbing, wide 2.7m of furrow face or so, the wide 40cm of furrow ditch；The high 15cm of furrow face~
20cm, the wide 30cm~40cm of furrow ditch, drip irrigation zone is installed, covers Silver Grey Mulching Film.
7. field planting and double scion plant plant
During 3 blades of grafting or so, you can field planting, good double scion plant are configured, to pollinate, every 3 plants without seed list scion
Grafting will be colonized 1 plant of double scion grafting.1 row is colonized among furrow face, is colonized spacing in the rows 35cm~45cm, is colonized per 667m2
600 plants~650 plants；Field planting depth is advisable with not crossing the seedling matrix that sticks together, and pours root water.
8. field management
8.1 temperature rich water, pest management：After field planting in 1 week, closed greenhouse, temperature is improved, promotes slow seedling；Start after slow seedling
Normal management, stretch the climing phase, daytime controls 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night；To bear fruit the phase, daytime controls 28 DEG C~32 DEG C,
18 DEG C~22 DEG C of night；Fruit expanding period, daytime control 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night.The climing phase is stretched with every mu of drip irrigation
Impose more than the 40% high instant fertile 5kg~10kg of nitrogen.Phase of bearing fruit strictly controls rich water, is typically not required to fertilising and pours water.5d after bearing fruit~
7d, with drip irrigation, every mu imposes the 45% high instant fertile 5kg~10kg of potassium, is imposed once every 5d, totally 2 times~3 times.Seedling stage pays attention to preventing
Eliminate aphis, blue or green worm；Growth period attention control powdery mildew, anthracnose.
8.2 training reasons are climing：Soviet Union's wound stays a main stem and two healthy and strong lateral bines without three climing training of No. 1 use of seed；Double scion plant
Using four climing trainings, Soviet Union's wound is without No. 1 watermelon of seed and yellow No. 1 watermelon of Soviet Union's wound（Blade has yellow mark）A main stem is respectively stayed on branches and tendrils
With a lateral bine, growth period arranges branches and tendrils in time, and the Soviet Union for sitting melon creates No. 1 aspermous watermelon main stem and double scion grafting Soviet Union No. 1 nothing of wound
Seed watermelon main stem and yellow No. 1 branches and tendrils of Soviet Union's wound are arranged to the same side, and unnecessary side shoot is extractd in time, after watermelon sits fruit, is stopped whole
Branch.
8.3 pollinations, fruit thinning：The diploid branches and tendrils upper same day that blade has yellow to mark in the double scion plant of florescence selection is open
Male flower in the morning 7:00~11:00 creates without No. 1 watermelon the 3rd of seed or the 4th female flower to Soviet Union of the wound without seed 1 and oneself homophyletic of Soviet Union
Pollination, it is thinning out the melon that section position is uncomfortable, scar is not rectified, had to fruit shape.All melons being thinning out on the diploid branches and tendrils of yellow mark
Fruit.
9. harvesting：Harvest within 30~32 days after pollination.
Spring in 2016 is tested in Jiangsu Province Huai'an academy of agricultural sciences vinyl house, and the Elemental characters of soil are:It is organic
Matter 24.6 g/kg, full nitrogen 0.54g/kg, the mg/kg of rapid available phosphorus 9.5, available potassium 28.8mg/kg, pH value 7.1；Test process
For：Using cultivation Soviet Union wound the step of the present embodiment 1 without seed 1, diploid scion is using Soviet Union wound Huang 1 of the blade with yellow mark
Number watermelon；Control is conventionally cultivated, and it is 3 that Soviet Union's wound creates No. 4 casting skin watermelon field planting ratios without seed 1 and Soviet Union：1；Weigh three times
Multiple, plot area 36.4m2 is sowed, harvesting on May 22 on 2 20th, 2016, and field management measure is identical；Inspection target
For：Seedless watermelon yield（It is converted into per mu yield）.Result of the test shows：Soviet Union's wound of the present embodiment 1 increases without No. 1 yield increased of seed
Add 24.5%, refer to table 1.
Embodiment 2
1. variety selection
Pollination strain variety selection blade has yellow mark and yellow can stablize the diploid watermelon kind Su Meng Huangs 1 of heredity,
Facilitate and quickly identify and take pollen during artificial pollination at the florescence, aspermous watermelon selection Su Meng 1, made with the good pumpkin of cold resistance
For stock.
2. the sterilization of stock seed, sowing and vernalization
2.1 sterilization
With 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water sterilization 30min before stock sowing, then cleaned with clear water, with 30 DEG C of temperature of gauze wrapped
Case vernalization 24 hours.
2.2 stock sowing medias select
Matrix selects the special seedling medium of vegetables.Suitably watered before sowing, matrix is stirred, and matrix is dispensed into 50 hole disks
In.
2.3 sowings and vernalization
The seed do not sprouted is multicast in 50 hole standard seedling culture hole plates, during sowing, seed requirement is kept flat, and direction is consistent, anvil
The wooden sowing time shifts to an earlier date 5-7 days than scion.After planting it is placed in germinating cabinet and cultivates, is kept for 25 DEG C -35 DEG C before emerging, and cover
Mulch film water conservation, do not water before emergence, after the soil of most of seed top, move on in greenhouse, temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, removes mulch film, pours
Water, spray 50% carbendazim solution.
2.4 stocks after planting manage
After planting it is placed in heating greenhouse and cultivates, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emergence, and covers mulch film water conservation, is not poured before emergence
Water, warm indoor temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, removes mulch film, watering, 50% carbendazim solution.
3. the sowing of scion and after planting manage
3.1 variety of watermelon sterilize and sowing
With 0.5% potassium permanganate, 40 DEG C of warm water sterilization 30min before watermelon seed sowing, then cleaned with clear water,
3.2 scion sowing medias
Matrix selects Seedling growing matrix special for melons or the special seedling medium of vegetables.Suitably watered before sowing, matrix is stirred, and will
Matrix is dispensed into the disk of square position.
3.3 are seeded into seed in square position, after planting cover vermiculite, are placed in heating greenhouse and grow.
3.4 scion after planting manage
Mulch film moisture-keeping is after planting covered, temperature is not less than 20 DEG C before emergence, and warm indoor temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, removably
Film, spray 50% carbendazim solution, in time watering, see it is dry see it is wet.
4. grafting
Treat the leaf of stock one wholeheartedly, after the flattening of scion cotyledon, start grafting, grafting the previous day, pour water, and spray 1500 times to kill
Obtain 3000 aqueous solution.
4.1 without seed list scion grafting grafting flow：First, by stock at apical growing point, along cotyledon stretching, extension side
A piece of cotyledon and growing point, long incision 1cm or so are removed to downward 45 degree of angles；Second, by under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion
1cm or so places, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 45 degree of angles, cut-out, the long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；3rd, then will cut
Good scion is amplexiformed on stock otch, stock interface is coincide with scion interface, is then clamped with Grafting clip.
4.2 pairs of scion grafting grafting flows：On the basis of without seed list scion grafting, first by Watermelon scion
Two knives are cut, the first knife at 1cm, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles, is cut off, the edge of a knife under scion cotyledon
Long 1.5cm or so, the second knife, 1.5cm or so places under scion cotyledon, perpendicular to the 45 degree of bevelings one downwards of the first knife otch
Knife, cut-out, long incision 1cm or so；Secondly the side cotyledon base portion of cotyledon is removed in the single scion aspermous watermelon stock grafted
Lower 0.5 cm or so place, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl, depth 1cm or so of steel label, opposite side is not worn out at steel label tip
Epidermis, steel label tip of maying be seen indistinctly are advisable；Steel label are finally extracted, are rapidly inserted the Watermelon scion cut, cotyledon direction
With stock cotyledon intersecting vertical.
5. grafting manages
5.1 grafting temperature treatments
After grafting in 3 days, 26-28 DEG C of daytime, 20-25 DEG C of evening, aeration-cooling, temperature 15 after three days when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C
More than DEG C, grafting normal management after 7 days.
5.2 grafting moisture managements
Humidity requirement more than 95% in three days after grafting, if here blade withers, can appropriate spray water, to ensure humidity.After three days simultaneously
Spray 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% it is general make every effort to overcome aqua, after 7 days normal management water.
5.3 grafting illumination managements
Want Shading net covering within three days after grafting, after three days, in fine day noon Shading net covering, recover normal management after seven days.
5.4 graftings sprout evil management
A small amount of sprout tillers is removed after seven days in time, is declined to prevent grafting shoot survival percent.
5.5 grafting fertilizer managements
Yi Gao Meishi organic water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed within 10 days after grafting, promotes grafting nutrient growth, sprays weekly once later.
6. site preparation does furrow
Abundant decomposed manure 1000kg~1500kg, 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg~60kg, urea are applied per 667m2
10kg~15kg.Bedding is turned over after fertilising, using hanging climing cultivation, the wide 1.2m of furrow face, the high 15cm~20cm of furrow face, the wide 30cm of furrow ditch
~40cm, drip irrigation zone is installed, covers Silver Grey Mulching Film.
7. field planting and double scion plant plant
During 3 blades of grafting or so, you can field planting, good double scion plant are configured, to pollinate, every 3 plants without seed list scion
Grafting will be colonized 1 plant of double scion grafting.2 rows of field planting per furrow, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, every 2400 plants of 667m2 field planting~
2600 plants；Field planting depth is advisable with not crossing the seedling matrix that sticks together, and pours root water.
8. field management
8.1 temperature rich water, pest management：After field planting in 1 week, closed greenhouse, temperature is improved, promotes slow seedling；Start after slow seedling
Normal management, stretch the climing phase, daytime controls 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night；To bear fruit the phase, daytime controls 28 DEG C~32 DEG C,
18 DEG C~22 DEG C of night；Fruit expanding period, daytime control 25 DEG C~30 DEG C, 15 DEG C~18 DEG C of night.The climing phase is stretched with every mu of drip irrigation
Impose more than the 40% high instant fertile 5kg~10kg of nitrogen.Phase of bearing fruit strictly controls rich water, is typically not required to fertilising and pours water.5d after bearing fruit~
7d, with drip irrigation, every mu imposes the 45% high instant fertile 5kg~10kg of potassium, is imposed once every 5d, totally 2 times~3 times.Seedling stage pays attention to preventing
Eliminate aphis, blue or green worm；Growth period attention control powdery mildew, anthracnose.
8.2 training reasons are climing：Su Meng 1 stays a main stem using single climing training；Yellow No. 1 double scion plant of Su Meng 1 and Su Meng
Using double climing trainings, No. 1 watermelon of Su Meng and Su Meng are yellow No. 1（Blade has yellow mark）A main stem, growth period are respectively stayed on branches and tendrils
Branches and tendrils are arranged in time, and unnecessary side shoot extracts in time, sits after melon and stays the leaf topping of 10 leaves~15.
8.3 pollinations, fruit thinning：Florescence utilizes honeybee pollination, the watermelon for staying the 3rd or the 4th female flower to be formed, and is thinning out section position not
The melon and fruit on the melon and all diploid branches and tendrils for having yellow to mark of scar is not rectified, had to suitable, fruit shape.
9. harvesting：Harvest within 28~30 days after pollination.
Spring in 2016 is tested in Jiangsu Province Huai'an academy of agricultural sciences vinyl house, and the Elemental characters of soil are:It is organic
Matter 23.9 g/kg, full nitrogen 0.52g/kg, the mg/kg of rapid available phosphorus 9.4, available potassium 28.2mg/kg, pH value 7.1；Test process
For：Using Su Meng 1 is cultivated the step of the present embodiment 2, the Su Meng that diploid scion has yellow to mark using blade is yellow No. 1；It is right
According to conventionally cultivating, pollination strain is done with No. 3 casting skin watermelons of Su Meng, Su Meng 1 is colonized ratios with No. 3 casting skin watermelons of Su Meng
For 3：1；Plot area is 40m2, is repeated three times, is sowed within 2 20th, 2016, harvesting on May 20, field management measure phase
Together；Inspection target is：Seedless watermelon yield（It is converted into per mu yield）.Result of the test shows：No. 1 yield of Su Meng of the present embodiment 1
Than control increase by 25.2%, table 1 is referred to.
| Processing | Yield（kg/667m2） | Aspermous watermelon increases production than control（%） |
| Embodiment 1 | 3183.4 | 24.5 |
| Control 1 | 2557.1 | |
| Embodiment 2 | 6384.6 | 25.2 |
| Control 2 | 5099.4 |
General principle, main feature, major advantage and the method for the present invention has been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry
It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the simply explanation present invention of above-described embodiment and the description that is right
Principle, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention, these change and
Improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention, and the claimed scope of the invention is by attached claims and its equivalent
Define.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method, it is characterised in that do grafting including selection bottle gourd or pumpkin
Stock, scion is done with TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER, cultivate no seed list scion grafting；There is yellow with TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER and blade
Mark and the diploid Watermelon of the stable heredity of yellow do scion, the double scion graftings of cultivation；Without seed list scion grafting with
Double scion graftings press 3：1 ratio is colonized；Using Watermelon in artificial pollination or the double scion graftings of insect vector collection
Female flower pollination of the male pollen to aspermous watermelon on the female flower without seed list scion grafting and double scion graftings；Remove Watermelon
Watermelon fruit on branches and tendrils.
A kind of 2. greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Treat stock one
Leaf wholeheartedly, after the flattening of scion cotyledon, starts grafting, grafting the previous day, stock is poured into water, and spray 1500 times to kill to obtain 3000 water
Solution, no seed list scion grafting grafting flow：First, it is downward along cotyledon direction of extension by stock at apical growing point
45 degree of angles remove a piece of cotyledon and growing point, long incision 1cm or so；Second, by 1cm or so under aspermous watermelon scion cotyledon base portion
Place, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 45 degree of angles, cut-out, the long 1cm of the edge of a knife or so；3rd, then the scion that will have been cut
Amplexiform on stock otch, stock interface is coincide with scion interface, then clamped with Grafting clip；
Double scion grafting grafting flows：On the basis of without seed list scion grafting, two knives are cut into Watermelon scion first,
First knife at 1cm, along cotyledon direction of extension, the oblique partial application in downward 30 degree of angles, is cut off, the long 1.5cm of the edge of a knife under scion cotyledon
Left and right, the second knife, 1.5cm or so places under scion cotyledon, perpendicular to the 45 degree of oblique partial applications downwards of the first knife otch, cut off,
Long incision 1cm or so；Secondly it is left that 0.5cm under the side cotyledon base portion of cotyledon is removed in the single scion aspermous watermelon stock grafted
Right place, with the downward 45 degree of insertions stock hypocotyl, depth 1cm or so of steel label, steel label tip is not worn out opposite side epidermis, indistinctly may be used
See that steel label tip is advisable；Steel label are finally extracted, rapidly insert the Watermelon scion cut, cotyledon direction is handed over stock cotyledon
Fork is vertical.
A kind of 3. greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Plant with climbing
Training, no seed list scion grafting plant use three climing trainings, stay a main stem and two healthy and strong lateral bines, and double scion grafting plant are adopted
A main stem and side stalwartness lateral bine are respectively stayed with aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils, Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils, growth period arranges branches and tendrils in time；
Or climing cultivation is hung, without seed list scion grafting plant using single climing training when training reason is climing, double scion grafting plant are using double
Climing training, aspermous watermelon branches and tendrils and Watermelon yellow branches and tendrils respectively stay a main stem, manage in time it is climing hang climing, side shoot is extractd in time.
A kind of 4. greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cultivate with climbing
When managing climing, the common grafting aspermous watermelon main stem and double scion grafting aspermous watermelon main stems and Watermelon yellow branch of melon are sat
It is climing to be arranged to the same side.
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