CN106489646A - A kind of Kiwi berry is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of Kiwi berry is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106489646A CN106489646A CN201610936883.6A CN201610936883A CN106489646A CN 106489646 A CN106489646 A CN 106489646A CN 201610936883 A CN201610936883 A CN 201610936883A CN 106489646 A CN106489646 A CN 106489646A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agriculture seedling breeding technical field, discloses a kind of Kiwi berry cuttage from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, comprises the following steps：1）Select a proterties excellent and can be with the base anvil of mass cutting survival（G anvils）；2）An intermediate stock M anvil good with other kind Kiwi berry compatibilities is found for G anvils；3）Based on " G anvil+M anvils ", secondary grafting is carried out with a large amount of new varieties Kiwi berrys, so as to obtain the Kiwifruit Cultivars nursery stock of mass.The method is to be found that a kind of cuttage survival rate is high, the base anvil that sprout tillers well developed root system and waterlogging cold tolerance are strong（G anvils）, by intermediate stock（M anvils）As " bridge ", the compatibility of G anvils and more improved seeds graftings is improved well so that on the basis of unified " G anvil+M anvils ", the productive and economic characters uniformity of mass, specificity, the Kiwifruit Cultivars nursery stock having good stability become reality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture seedling breeding technical field, be related to a kind of new quality product kind of Kiwi berry from root anvil seedling-wood breeding
Method.
Background technology
Currently, Kiwi berry seedling-wood breeding, generally uses with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis seedling as stock, excellent by grafting
Kind carrys out manufacturer product nursery stock.Due to the individual inheritance trait differentiation of wild seed, cause with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis seedling from seed
Inconsistent, the different shortcoming of anvil fringe compatibility of growing is there is for the Kiwifruit Cultivars nursery stock that stock grafting is bred, it is impossible to
Ensure uniformity, specificity and the stability of Kiwi berry new varieties economic characters.Be difficult to obtain in produce reality mass healthy and strong,
Neatly, excellent kind nursery stock.Overcome the Kiwi berry tradition seedling raising mannerses that wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis seedling is base anvil, realize uniform one
Cause the mass of high-quality from root anvil seedling-wood breeding, technically there are 3 difficult points：First, filtering out can be with mass cutting survival
Stock, and this stock requires the well developed root system of sprouting, resistance（Drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant, cold-resistant）By force, anvil fringe is affine good, excellent
Optimum shape is stable；Two is the good Stockscion combination of compatibility or intermediate stock；Three is cuttage grafting nursery stock raising technology.Exactly by
In the restriction of above three big technological difficulties, it is difficult to apply to Kiwi berry production practices from root anvil cuttage seeding.
Content of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art and defect, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Kiwi berry is from root
Anvil seedling-wood breeding method, the method has that nursery stock is neat, survival rate is high, seedling is fast, technology is simple, be easy to mass produce excellent
Point, is the technical quantum jump of Kiwi berry seedling breeding, Kiwi berry rapid scale nursery is of great immediate significance.
Realize foregoing invention purpose technical scheme be a kind of Kiwi berry from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, specifically include following step
Suddenly：
1）Select a proterties excellent and can be with the cuttage base anvil of mass cutting survival（G anvils）；
2）For cuttage base anvil（G anvils）Find a good intermediate stock of compatibility（M anvils）；
3）In " cuttage base anvil（G anvils）+ intermediate stock（M anvils）" on the basis of, secondary grafting uniformity, specificity, have good stability
Kiwi berry from root anvil nursery stock.
Described cuttage base anvil（G anvils）It is to gather the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis germplasm materials from Qinling North-Mountain mountain area, with cuttage
The characteristics of survival rate height, sprout tillers well developed root system, waterlogging and cold-resistant.
The intermediate stock（M anvils）It is " No. meter Liang Yi ", with the characteristics of with G anvils and other improved seeds compatibilities good.
The Kiwi berry of the present invention is to be respectively provided with good parent using a kind of with G anvils and kind scion from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method
Centre with property（M）Anvil carries out transition as " bridge ", improves the compatibility of excellent stock G anvils and scion well so that
It is cuttage raise seedling technique being applied to for reality in Kiwi berry nursery production from root anvil with G anvils, greatly shortens Mi
The production cycle of monkey peach commercial seedling, simplify raising technology.Meanwhile, the method has that nursery stock is neat, survival rate is high, seedling is fast,
Technology is simple, be easy to the advantage that mass produces, is the technical quantum jump of Kiwi berry seedling breeding, to Kiwi berry new varieties
Quick, propagation in scale be significant.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment be given below by way of inventor is further illustrating beneficial effects of the present invention.
A kind of 1 Kiwi berry of embodiment is comprised the following steps from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method：
1）Select a proterties excellent and can be with the cuttage base anvil of mass cutting survival；
2）A good intermediate stock of compatibility is found for cuttage base anvil；
3）On the basis of " cuttage base anvil+intermediate stock ", grafting uniformity, specificity, the Kiwi berry having good stability are from root anvil
Nursery stock.
Through the preliminary screening of magnanimity, finally have chosen including G anvils（Pueraria lobota jujube）Carry out in the Kiwi berry of 15 interior kinds
Cuttage is tested, and 15 Kiwi berry kind cuttages survive situation and are shown in Table 1；
Its root volume, shoot length and position of taking root compare, and refer to table 2；
Compared with the data of table 2 by table 1, it is found that in cuttage test, date-plum persimmon and Pueraria lobota jujube（G anvils）Two Kiwi berry kinds
Germination rate, lamina rate, survival rate and four item data of rooting rate be significantly better than that other kinds, root system and shoot length are also all bright
Aobvious is higher than other kind of Kiwi berry.
Additionally, making discovery from observation, in external environment out of office, G anvils material is usually grown near streams, is grown which is met
While period needs water requirement in a large number, the root system that can adapt to waterlogging environment is also evolved, with excellent waterlogging-resistant ability, this
And G anvils material can be used as the one of base anvil big advantage.
In order to further select suitable stock material between date-plum persimmon and Pueraria lobota jujube, we are survived with cuttage respectively
Date-plum persimmon and Pueraria lobota jujube seedling as stock, the scion of 8 common cultivars of grafting, paired observation its compatibility, which survives situation
With growing state as shown in table 3, table 4.
After 3 data display of table, silvervine and 8 kind graftings, it with rice grain No. 1 show particularly pertinent affine
Property, germination rate can be bred as No. 1 grafting mass of base anvil and rice grain up to 97.8%, rooting rate 96.5%, silvervine.But
It is general with compatibility after other 7 kind graftings, germination rate is respectively less than 40%, it is impossible to for mass production.
1 15 Kiwi berry kind cuttages of table survive situation
After 4 data display of table, tara vine and 8 conventional variety graftings, germination rate is respectively less than 40%, and compatibility is poor, uncomfortable
Preferably adopt as base anvil.
1,2,3,4 result of table shows that not only cuttage survival rate is high for silvervine（94.6%）, and it is transferred for No. 1 with rice grain
It is connected to prominent compatibility（Grafting germination rate 97.8%）, but general with other kind compatibilities.For this purpose, design is with Pueraria lobota jujube macaque
Peach cuttage is base anvil, and rice grain 1 is intermediate stock, and secondary grafting is bred other 6 kinds, as a result obtains ideal effect
Really.
2 15 Kiwi berry kind cuttage seedling root systems of table and young sprout growing state
Table 3 is with Pueraria lobota jujube（G anvils）Survive and growing state as 8 kind Kiwi berrys of stock grafting
Table 4 is survived and growing state using date-plum persimmon as 8 kind Kiwi berrys of stock grafting
2）Filter out the intermediate stock for having good affinity with base anvil and kind scion（M anvils）Material
Find from the test of table 3, with G anvils as base anvil, the Stockscion combination that grafting rice is good No., survival rate, germination rate, rooting rate and
The data such as increment are combined far above other, show good compatibility.For further checking the compatibility of intermediate stock,
On the basis of " G anvil+M anvils " is unified, the common production Kiwifruit Cultivars of secondary grafting 6 carry out viewing test, draw examination
Test data as shown in table 5：
The 6 kind Kiwi berrys of secondary grafting on the basis of " G anvil+M anvils " of table 5 are survived and growing state
By after table 5 and 3 Data Comparison of table it is found that on the basis of " G anvil+M anvils ", the common production kind of secondary grafting 6,
The indexs such as its survival rate, germination rate, rooting rate and increment are greatly improved, and are shown than " G anvils+common cultivar "
More preferable compatibility is combined, it is a kind of intermediate stock being very suitable for thus to also demonstrate No. meter Liang Yi（M anvils）Material, by centre
Anvil（M anvils）This bridge beam action so that cuttage has very big from root anvil nursery stock and the compatibility of common cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars
Improvement so that cuttage becomes possibility from root anvil seedling-wood breeding.
2）Seedling-wood breeding technology based on " G anvil+M anvils "
1. base anvil（G anvils）The selection and storage of material
Intercepting material should select the age of tree consistent, tree body health, the good 3-5 life G anvil elite stands of upgrowth situation.Using winter pruning
The stalwartness cut is enriched, the 2-3 life branches that no disease and pests harm, axillary bud are obvious and full, and rugosity is advisable with 0.8cm-1.0cm, is cut
Take branch length to be advisable with 50-60cm, after being easy to, storage is preserved.
Can be preserved using wet sand after adopting and Cord blood two ways is preserved.When being preserved using wet sand, will first insert
Fringe is bundled into wisp by kind, is then embedded in the wet sand that sieves and sterilize through carbendazim, and often stirs and sprinkle water, keep sand
Moistening and ventilation, in case cuttings is withered and rotten.During using Cord blood, cuttings is bundled into wisp according to kind equally,
Then cuttings plastic sheeting parcel is tightened and is put in the preservation of 0 DEG C-Cool Room 4 DEG C.
2. base anvil（G anvils）Before cuttage, the preparation in seedbed prepares cuttage seedbed is carried out in intelligent greenhouse, first with rotary tillage
Machine carries out deep ploughing to seedbed in greenhouse and digs.Plough deeply depth first to select to be advisable in 40cm, and according to 2:1 ratio is being ploughed deeply
During apply matrix and fertilizer, improve and the sponginess of soil and build up fertility.After ploughing deeply one week first, again seedbed is entered
Row is ploughed deeply, and is ploughed deeply depth and is similarly 40cm, while spreading fertilizer over the fields disinfectant to disinfecting soil sterilization during ploughing deeply, kills root
Tie lines worm and other harmful levels of pathogens.After the completion of deep ploughing is digged, need to carry out smooth and ridging to seedbed.When smooth, seedbed entirety
The discrepancy in elevation is less than 5cm, it is ensured that the planarization in seedbed, prevents from forming local dent, forms ponding, cause waterlogging when watering.Smooth
After the completion of, ridging on seedbed, row spacing are advisable with 50-60cm, and ridge height is advisable with 15-20cm, fully ensures that the gas permeability of soil
And water penetration.
3. before cuttage the cutting of G anvils and M anvil scion process.
G anvils cuttage and M anvil scion grafting time select the March after the beginning of spring.Before cuttage, by the cutting material of G anvils
The scion material of material and M anvils is taken out from freezer or wet sand, opens plastic sheeting parcel, removes deadwood and sick branch, by G anvil materials
It is cut into and is about 15cm, and have 3-4 sections, the cutting of 2-3 full bud, M anvil materials is cut into and is about 5cm, with a full bud
Scion, then the material for shearing is respectively put in the carbendazim solution of 400ppm immersion 15min carries out sterilization, soaking sterilization
Dry after finishing standby.
After sterilization is finished, cutting be sheared, the lower clip of cutting is tiltedly cut near section position, clip is about inclined upwardly 45
Degree, upper clip after shearing is finished, clip under the cutting for shearing are tied down and are placed in 2-3 centimetre of the top of bud straight snips
30min is soaked in the ABT rooting powder solutions of 200ml/L, promote Rapid Rooting after its cuttage.
4. the cuttage of G anvils and the grafting of M anvils.M anvil scion after by sterilization is grafted at rooting powder solution using tongue grafting
In the G anvil cuttings that has managed, after grafting is finished, you can carry out cuttage.During cuttage, the right hand holds cuttings, lower end inclined-plane towards oneself,
Make cuttings with slotting machine plane in 15 degree of angles, slowly to seedbed interpolation, the 2/3 of insertion training cuttings, cuttings spacing is 5cm.
After cuttings has been inserted, equably sprayed water on seedbed with watering pot, should be irrigated when watering for the 1st time, until ridge side has water to ooze out.
5. from secondary grafting difference Kiwifruit Cultivars on the basis of root anvil nursery stock " G anvil+M anvils ".
When from the different Kiwifruit Cultivars of secondary grafting on the basis of root anvil " G anvil+M anvils ", annual " G should be selected
Anvil+M anvils " should reach more than 0.8cm from root anvil nursery stock, the rugosity of its M anvil, to fully ensure that its survival rate.Secondary grafting
March of the selection of time in next year, the process of grafting scion are identical with M anvils, equally adopt tongue grafting grafting, intermediate stock M anvil length
It is retained in 10-15cm or so.
6. the management after cuttage and points for attention.
To pay special attention to control soil, air humidity, temperature and note sheltering from heat or light in good time and pinching after Kiwi berry cuttage.
Cuttage early stage, cuttings are not yet sprouted, and temperature is not high, and water consumption is few, supply water unsuitable too many, pour once within general 5-8 days permeable；
After tip lamina is taken out in rudiment, water consumption increases sharply, and slotting machine output also accordingly increases；After taking out the tip, fine day watered one every 1-2 days
Secondary.If temperature is high, spray water everyday, preferably with intermittent spraying.Seeing, whether soil moisture is suitable, plugging soil can be clutched with hand, if
Agglomerating and tactile slightly dissipating shows that humidity is suitable.While plugging soil proper moisture is kept, relative air humidity in bed to be improved, with
Reduce the evaporation capacity on blade face.General plastic covering film on slotting machine and spraying water spray, keep humidity in bed.
Before cuttings healing, temperature control is controlled at 19 DEG C -20 DEG C, after healing at 21 DEG C -25 DEG C.After inserting, first quarter moon or so starts
Take root, after most of cuttage rooting, can stop heating.
At the cuttage initial stage, in the non-rudiment of cuttings, solar exposure is avoided with the shade of the materials such as sunshade net, bamboo curtain splint；In cuttage
In the later stage, need to shade during fine day sunlight strong, especially at noon；Other times need to suitably increase illumination, to promote blade
Photosynthesis.Cuttage branch typically must shade when the morning 10 is up to afternoon 4, and overcast and rainy and evening will then shelter from heat or light equipment removal.
Cuttage, the rudiment of cuttings general elder generation are taken root after taking out the tip.Tip desired nutritional material is taken out in early stage rudiment, is all by cuttings
The nutrient of interior storage is provided, it is therefore desirable to is controlled young sprout growth, is such as controlled not in time, cuttings nutrient consumption is excessive, will affect
Take root, in the case of without new root, the substantial amounts of moisture transpiration of young sprout can cause cuttings water shortage to wilt, or even cuttings is withered.Cause
After this cuttings sprouts branch, timely pinching is answered, retain 2-4 piece leaves, wipe out other blades.Such as find that cuttings is taken out in the tip and has bud, should be with
When bud is extractd, being conducive to taking root survives.The fallen leaves of the young sprout and bed surface extractd, go rotten cuttings and weeds etc. are removed in time,
To keep cleaning, disease infection is reduced.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Kiwi berry is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Select a proterties excellent and can be with the cuttage base anvil of mass cutting survival；
2）A good intermediate stock of compatibility is found for cuttage base anvil；
3）On the basis of " cuttage base anvil+intermediate stock ", grafting uniformity, specificity, the Kiwi berry having good stability are from root anvil
Nursery stock.
2. Kiwi berry according to claim 1 is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, it is characterised in that：Described cuttage base anvil is
Pick up from the wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis germplasm materials in Qinling North-Mountain mountain area, with cuttage survival rate height, sprout tillers well developed root system, Xi Shui, waterlogging,
The characteristic of cold-resistant.
3. Kiwi berry according to claim 1 or claim 2 is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, it is characterised in that：Described cuttage base anvil
Material is a kind of silvervine.
4. Kiwi berry according to claim 1 is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, it is characterised in that：Described intermediate stock material
It is " No. meter Liang Yi ".
5. the Kiwi berry according to claim 1,2 or 4 is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method, it is characterised in that：Described macaque
Peach is from any one that root anvil nursery stock is in " navel is red ", " Jin Long 2 ", " Xu Xiang ", " emerald green fragrant " and " Hayward " Kiwifruit Cultivars.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107223461A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-03 | 贵州省湄潭县金太阳果蔬专业合作社 | Kiwi berry secondary grafting method |
| CN108293566A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-20 | 盐城市盐香猕猴桃开发有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry fruit tree frostbite restorative procedure |
| CN108811830A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-16 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | The dual grafting-cuttage seedling establishment method of a Wen Quince, Ha Daili, yuluxiang pear |
| CN109089581A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-28 | 凯里市养龙宝种养殖专业合作社 | The engrafting method and preventing control method of the red kiwi fruit of Canker-Resistance |
| CN112042410A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings |
| CN113057032A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-02 | 大连金谷园林绿化工程有限公司 | Cross-family/cross-genus/cross-species grafting method for dicotyledonous plants |
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| CN101223854A (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-07-23 | 胡锦 | Cultivating method of kiwi grafted with base anvil |
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| CN101223854A (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-07-23 | 胡锦 | Cultivating method of kiwi grafted with base anvil |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107223461A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-03 | 贵州省湄潭县金太阳果蔬专业合作社 | Kiwi berry secondary grafting method |
| CN108293566A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-20 | 盐城市盐香猕猴桃开发有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry fruit tree frostbite restorative procedure |
| CN108293566B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-07-14 | 盐城市盐香猕猴桃开发有限公司 | Kiwi fruit tree frostbite repair method |
| CN108811830A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-16 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | The dual grafting-cuttage seedling establishment method of a Wen Quince, Ha Daili, yuluxiang pear |
| CN109089581A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-28 | 凯里市养龙宝种养殖专业合作社 | The engrafting method and preventing control method of the red kiwi fruit of Canker-Resistance |
| CN112042410A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Rapid breeding method of kiwi fruit grafted seedlings |
| CN113057032A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-02 | 大连金谷园林绿化工程有限公司 | Cross-family/cross-genus/cross-species grafting method for dicotyledonous plants |
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