JP3023675B1 - Cultivation method of salamander tree - Google Patents

Abstract

[Summary] Even if the collected salamander seeds exceed the required dormancy time, they are kept at low temperature for a long period of time, and the demand amount is predicted from the dormant seeds. It can be grown into a young tree with grain by simple hydroponic cultivation in a greenhouse suitable for germination one by one, and can be constantly provided to consumers over the anniversary. SOLUTION: While materials and tools for cultivating salamander trees are kept in a clean and sterile state, collected seeds are mixed into a high humidity plant holding material such as vermiculite to forcibly for a long period of low temperature dormancy. From among them, the seeds of the quantity corresponding to the demand are stopped dormant sequentially at a fixed interval,
Thereafter, the culture solution for hydroponics is stored in a multi-stage shelf frame in a greenhouse at a temperature of 5 ° C. to 30 ° C., while the seeds are sown in a pot filled with a plant supporting material such as vermiculite, and the lower part of the pot is placed in the culture solution. The seedlings can be immersed in the seedlings and germinated and the seedlings can be provided directly to a restaurant or the like at all times over the anniversary.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a young leaf bud (tree bud).
Cultivation method of sansho trees that can always provide consumers with young and young germinated sansho trees over the anniversary, especially after artificially diapausing seeds and satisfying the required diapause time The seedlings are germinated and grown in a high-temperature room suitable for growth at intervals in time with a partial response quantity corresponding to market demand from all the dormant seeds after dormancy time elapses by taking over dormancy, and young trees in an aseptic state over the anniversary And a method for cultivating a salamander tree that can be provided directly to a home or restaurant room.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Salamander trees are deciduous shrubs of the citrus family, and their leaves, fruits and stems are collected and used as excellent spices that require strong aroma and spiciness. It is susceptible to frost and snow damage, harmful fungi and pests, and is particularly delicate before the rooting of seedling cultivation. If the conditions are not met, it will die without growing. In winter, leaves fall due to low temperatures and dormant,
The dormancy was broken around the month, the sprouted tree buds were picked and added to each dish, and the fruits were used for various pickles and boiled dishes, but the ripe fruits were valuable as sansho powder. On the other hand, fin salamanders growing in subtropical regions of the Southwest Islands (Ishigaki Island, Miyako Island, etc.) and salamanders growing natively in Wakayama Prefecture do not fall even if they have a potentially mild dormant period. ,
The thick leaves are not edible and are planted exclusively for appreciation as evergreen trees.

[0003] Conventionally, when cultivating a salamander tree in a seedling, it is naturally dormant under the same conditions as citrus fruits and grapes of the same genus and then cultivated in a field. The rate is very low. Then, the grown seedlings were transplanted and grown in another field in order to increase their viability, and the picked shoots could provide a small amount to nearby local markets as seasonal products.

[0004] Recently, a method of forcing and suppressing the growth of buds of a salamander tree composed of young leaves and young vegetables has been made, and this can be distributed to the market over the anniversary. That is, in forcing cultivation,
The seeds of native or cultivated mother trees are collected every year in the middle of August,
Seed in fields mixed with sand and organic fertilizer. At the time of sowing, it can be kept in a container and sowed directly in autumn, or stored in a cool dark room and sowed in late February of the following year. The seedlings of seedlings that have been sown and grown in this way are planted sequentially at intervals (or every half month) in a vinyl chloride tunnel or a house indoor field from the deciduous dormancy period in early November of that year. . At that time, the inside of the house was heated to 20 ° C. during the day by electric heating or oil heater, and 1 hour at night.
A temperature of about 0 ° C. is maintained. This is a cultivation method in which leaf buds that have sprouted about 40 days after planting are sequentially leaf-foliated and shipped according to the order of the planting date.

[0005] In the suppression cultivation, the sowing seedlings that have been germinated in the following year are sown in a low-temperature room at about 2 ° C to 5 ° C. deep. The dormant salamander seedlings are planted on a nursery bed of another house at about 20 ° C. in order, 20 to 30 days before the planned shipping date, and 20 to 30 days have elapsed. This is a cultivation method in which the sprout of a sprouted tree is picked and shipped to a market.

Further, recently, the seeds of the salamander collected in the middle of August every year are stored in a cool and dark place, and the seeds which have naturally hibernated in winter are sown in a field in March of the following year. After about 1 to 2 years have passed in the field,
When grown to a height of 0 cm, it is stored in a low temperature room at about 5 ° C for about one year. In the meantime, when the temperature is low in winter, the product is naturally hibernated to keep the manufacturing cost low. Then, from the storage period of 2 to 3 months before the shipping date of the tree buds, cut off a part of the root and about 5 to 15 cm of the stem of the aerial part, plant it in a synthetic resin pot containing soil and sand, Room temperature 15 ℃ ～ 2 except summer
This cultivation method is cultivated in a greenhouse at 5 ° C. and shipped from February to March and a half after shoots of young leaves and young leaves sprout from the elongated shoots.

[0007]

In the conventional bud cultivation of the above-mentioned salamander tree, seeds collected in the summer are also used in forcing or suppression cultivation and in cultivation in which young trees are distributed by planting in potted soil and distributing young trees. To be naturally hibernated in the winter,
Since the plant is replanted three or three times, shipment to the market requires not only long-term cultivation for two to three years, but also requires a great deal of trouble and results in a high selling price.

The field where sow seeds are sown is terrain,
The rate of germination and rooting is extremely low due to harmful bacteria and harmful insects as well as the environment. Even when germinated to produce seedlings, the mortality is high due to frost and snow damage and wind and flood damage, and the growth rate is about 10% of the seeds sown. It is low.

[0009] Cultivation of salamander in the open field and in the field is 5 to
It is necessary to rotate the crops at intervals of six years, and also needs to replant and replant two or three times. However, it is not suitable for mechanized cultivation, and small-scale cultivation for manual labor is required. There is a problem that requires a vast field space.

[0010] In the forcing or restraining cultivation for shipping tree buds, the height of a salamander tree laid down or settled in a field in a house is as high as about 50 to 60 cm, so that a multi-stage shelf frame filled with soil is provided. There is a difficulty in the maintenance work such as water supply and fertilization. Moreover, the power and oil energy required to make the salamander tree dormant at a set low temperature or grow at a high temperature is surprisingly expensive compared to the amount of tree buds produced. Furthermore, the buds of young leaves and young leaves that have been shipped tend to wither during transportation to the market, which makes them unsuitable for cooking dishes.

[0011] Further, when sprouts with buds of a tree planted in a pot containing the above-described soil are supplied and arranged in a cooking room of a home or a cooking room of a kappo restaurant, the food is contaminated by harmful bacteria and pests in the soil. There is a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional salamander tree cultivation method. The purpose is to mix the salamander seeds into the plant holding material at a desired low temperature and make them dormant, and set the desired quantity corresponding to the demand from the seeds that have passed the dormancy required time at planned day-time intervals. The dormancy is sequentially terminated, and the dormant seeds are sown and planted on a plant supporting material instead of soil at a high temperature suitable for growth, and subjected to simple hydroponic cultivation for about three months. Then, the grown young tree can be provided to the customer at all times over the anniversary. It is another object of the present invention to provide a cultivation method in which the period from the collection of the seed to the shipment of the product is extremely reduced.

[0013] In order to improve the growth after sowing and planting, sorting and discarding of peeled and unsatisfactory seeds before peeling treatment are performed before
An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method in which germination is promoted by peeling off a wax layer and absorbing a growth adjusting solution. This makes it possible to obtain a product having a higher germination and rooting rate at a higher rate than the number of seeds sowed and planted. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cultivation method which can be supplied directly to a kitchen of a home or a restaurant, because the sterilization treatment is performed as much as possible, such as a plant support material or an instrument for replacing the soil, so that the mortality is extremely small.

[0014]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, in the method of cultivating a salamander tree according to the present invention, the main harvest is carried out in late August every year when the fruit of the salamander mother tree is ripe. The ripe seeds are collected supplementally until the end of the month and cultivated as seeds for growing. The germination rate of immature fruits after planting is extremely low because the embryo is underdeveloped. Collecting seeds from the mother tree is a manual operation. In the case of large-scale cultivation, the collected seeds are temporarily stored in a cool and dark place, and the germination promoting treatment described above is performed before the dormancy treatment.

In the germination promoting treatment, the seed peel is peeled off,
Thereafter, the unsatisfactory seeds floating by immersion in the salt water whose salt concentration is adjusted are discarded, and only the sunk solid seeds are used. After the wax layer is separated from the seeds, the seeds are immersed in an aqueous solution of a growth regulator to allow the seeds to penetrate into the seeds so as to impart germination. Thus, when sowing and planting are performed after the end of dormancy, the salamander seed has a high germination and rooting rate.

The seeds which have been subjected to the germination promotion treatment as described above are seeded and planted after the dormancy treatment of the next step. The low-temperature room and the high-temperature room used for this purpose are washed with water in advance and then treated with an aqueous solution of a chemical harmless to plants. Clean and keep sterile. Further, the cloth bag, container, tray and the like for storing seeds are sterilized by boiling with hot water. Further, the plant holding material and the supporting material are subjected to high-pressure steam sterilization or normal-pressure heat sterilization using an autoclave.

The seeds which have been subjected to the germination promotion treatment as described above are mixed and coated in a plant holding material such as sterilized granular vermiculite or peat moss and distributed and stored in a cloth bag or a plurality of air-permeable containers. Unlike plant soil, the plant holding material has good ventilation, drainage and water retention, and is usually 50% to 8%.
If the humidity is kept at about 0%, active seeds do not die. The container in which the seeds are stored in this manner is left still in a low-temperature room for dormancy. Low temperature room is 30% ~ 50
% Air is circulated, and the low temperature room is provided with an air conditioner which is set to a temperature in the range of 3 ° C. to 5.5 ° C. and automatically maintains the set temperature. In the case of small-scale cultivation, a small refrigerator may be used in order to reduce dormancy processing costs. The temperature range of the cold room under the conditions as described here is slightly lower than the reference temperature at which the seeds of the salamander become dormant, and those that maintain the state stably and do not have a risk of secondary dormancy It is.

According to the present invention, it is possible to cultivate seedlings throughout the year by making the salamander seeds dormant for a long time. Naturally, dormancy is a condition in which the growth of a plant is temporarily suppressed, and the plant cannot move to the next growth cycle unless it is kept under high temperature or low temperature for a certain period during the life cycle of the plant. is there. In the case of salamander trees and seeds, it depends on the cultivar,
Unless the required amount of required low temperature of 00 hours to 4000 hours has elapsed, germination and growth cannot be achieved even at a high temperature suitable for growth. This is called spontaneous dormancy. However, if the forced low-temperature dormancy is continued under the same conditions even after the required amount of spontaneous dormancy elapses, this is regarded as another sleep state due to an external factor. In addition, it has been argued that the onset dormancy is not an original dormancy but merely a cold storage. However, in the southern temperate region of the mainland of Japan and the heavy snowfall region of the north, even the same type of sunshaw adapts to that region, and the dormancy period is different, and when the northern sunshaw is sown or transplanted into the temperate region, it germinates in the first year, The growth rate decreases, but gradually adapts to normal growth. Furthermore, it has also been confirmed that when a plant growth regulator is added within a period earlier than the normal diapause period, diapause is broken early to grow. Thus, the temperature required for dormancy of the salamander tree and its seeds is flexible and adaptable. Furthermore, when the required amount of spontaneous diapause elapses, the germination and growth rate is extremely insignificantly reduced when the plants are forced to sleep under the same conditions for a long time under the same conditions and then sowed and planted in a suitable growth temperature room. In cultivation, it is possible to produce cultivation smoothly without being particularly hit. Therefore, in the description of the present invention, the description will be made in terms of sleep processing without distinction between spontaneous and non-spontaneous.

The sleep processing time is generally from about 500 hours (less than one month) to 8000 hours (more than 11 months). Thereby, a cultivation product can be always provided to a customer over an anniversary. By the way, when the dormant treatment time exceeds 6000 hours, harmful bacteria invading from the outside may be generated and the inside of the seed may rot. In order to prevent this, the collected seeds are peeled off the pericarp, and the unsatisfactory seeds are removed by the salt water solution method, but the seeds are put to sleep without performing the subsequent germination promotion treatment, and after the end of the sleep period. Before the planting, a germination promoting treatment for removing the wax layer and absorbing the aqueous solution of the growth regulator is performed. Then, the planting is performed in a high temperature room suitable for growth.

The seeds taken out after the low-temperature dormancy are separated from the plant holding material. Then, a small pot or pot is filled with a sterile and harmless plant support material having air permeability, drainage, and water retention. Several seeds are sowed and planted. On the other hand, the planting pot is placed on a multi-stage shelf provided in a high-temperature room such as a vinyl chloride house. The room temperature is about 15 ° C. to 30 ° C., and the growth is delayed at 15 ° C. or less. 25 ° C or higher 30
Although it may be about ℃, the cost of heating will be high,
Frequent supply of culture solution and irrigation is not preferable because labor cost increases.

The plant supporting material is aseptic granular vermiculite, rock wool, peat moss or the like. These have breathability, drainage, and water retention. A simple hydroponic cultivation means for applying a hydroponic culture solution to the plant support material is employed. This is extremely low in mortality because there is no complexity in operation and germination of salamander is fast. In this regard, ordinary soil cultivation may be used, but there is a problem that the soil hardens and the growth is delayed, and aseptic treatment becomes complicated and expensive. Since the nutrient content of the plant supporting material is considered to be zero in the culture solution, it is selected from those prescribed by each horticultural experimental station and adopted. By planting the above-mentioned salamander seeds and adding or absorbing the culture solution for hydroponics from the lower part, after two and a half to three and a half months elapse, the roots will germinate and will be shipped when the tree height is about 15 cm. Things.

[0022]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples. Every year in the middle of August, ripe fruits are collected as seeds from the parent tree of Sansha, and supplementally ripe fruits are collected even in September and October. Seeds whose dormancy required amount is about 500 hours depending on the species of mother tree, 4000
Separate into about 5000 hours and temporarily store in a cool, dark place. This is also because after dormancy, the dormancy is usually terminated every 500 hours, and even when the cultivation tools are improved, the manual work is mostly performed to cope with a large amount of large-scale cultivation. The separated and stored seeds are subjected to a germination promoting treatment according to the separated seeds as quickly as possible.

In the above germination promoting treatment, the seeds are peeled off, and the seeds vary depending on the type of salamander tree.
The seeds are immersed in a specific concentration of saline in the range of 10% to 10%. Remove immature and poor seeds as they emerge,
Only full seeds are used. Next, the wax layer is peeled off, and the operation is performed by, for example, mixing with quartz sand in a vinyl chloride bag and rubbing it by rubbing from the outside, or manually putting it in a mortar and rubbing lightly. Physically removes and removes the wax layer. Usually, this operation is sufficient, but in order to remove the residual wax slightly, the residual wax layer is chemically removed by immersing in a 1% aqueous sodium carbonate solution for 15 minutes and stirring, followed by washing with water. . In addition, gibberellin (GA
Stirring) while immersing in a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of the agent for 24 hours. This allows the agent to penetrate and absorb the seeds and enhance the physiological action and germinability when planted. The seeds having the required dormancy time of 500 hours among the seeds thus subjected to the germination promotion treatment are sorted dormant seeds. After dormancy, dormancy is sequentially terminated for 4000 to 5000 hours and planted. . Sleep request time 400
The seeds that have been separated and dormant for 0 to 5000 hours are subjected to a dormancy process for a longer time, and will be described later. Further, the seed dormancy termination quantity for one batch is to terminate the dormancy by the planned quantity while forecasting the demand and plant the seeds.

The seeds subjected to the germination promotion treatment are artificially forcibly subjected to a dormant treatment at a low temperature. For this purpose, a low-temperature room with light shielding curtains or indoor wall
An air conditioner set at a temperature of ° C. and ventilating at a humidity of 30% is provided. In the case of small-scale cultivation, a refrigerator having the above conditions is used. The seeds stored and kept in the low-temperature room are mixed in advance with a plant holding material in which granular vermiculite, mospite, rock wool, and the like are adjusted to a water content of 50 to 70% with a 1500-fold aqueous solution of benate (a fungicide). Place in the refrigerator. For this arrangement, the seed mixed with the plant holding material is stored in a cloth bag or an air-permeable container and put to sleep, but this container contains the type of salamander seed, the starting date of dormancy, the number of seeds, and the plan. The scheduled end date of dormancy (this can be changed according to demand) is described, and those separated into a large number of containers are arranged neatly in the low-temperature room, and no errors are made sequentially at scheduled date and time intervals The dormant is taken out to end the dormancy.

The seeds having a dormancy time of more than 5,000 to 6000 hours are peeled off the pericarp during the germination promoting treatment and are made dormant only by a salt water precipitation treatment. After the dormancy is completed, the above-mentioned physical and chemical peeling of the wax layer is performed. Operate and then immerse in a 1000 ppm GA solution, which is an aqueous solution of a plant growth regulator, and stir for 24 hours. Seeds thus subjected to the germination promotion treatment are planted in a high-temperature room.

The high-temperature room is cold-extracted to make the sunshine controllable and clean, and the room is provided with an automatically controlled air conditioner which keeps the humidity of 30% to 40%.
The temperature is kept within the range of ° C, preferably at 25 ° C. However, the temperature may be lowered to about 15 ° C. at night. Further, the high temperature chamber is provided with four to five stages of shelf frames. on the other hand,
The pot-shaped pot for sowing salmon seeds is made of vinyl chloride having a perforated bottom wall and a diameter of 6 to 7 cm and a height of 7 to 8 cm. The pot is filled with a plant support material such as granular vermiculite, mospite, and rock wool that has been autoclaved and autoclaved. Three to five salamander seeds are sowed and planted in the plant support material. The pots in which the seeds are sown are arranged in parallel on the shelf steps in the high-temperature room, and are grown while adding a culture solution for hydroponics. However, usually a shallow and long tray is placed on the shelf, this tray is filled with a culture solution for hydroponics, and a large number of pots in which seeds are sown are arranged in parallel. The present invention employs simple hydroponic cultivation means in which seeds absorb nutrients and water through the plant supporting material that has absorbed the solution and grow.

The culture solution used for the simple hydroponic culture is, for example, fertilization with a solution containing all nutrients for germination and growth as used in the hydroponic culture of radish radish. In Japan, there is a garden test formulation announced by the Okitsu Branch of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Horticultural Experiment Station. As an example of a culture solution according to an embodiment of the present invention, the composition to be mixed per liter of water is 0.808 g of potassium nitrate, 0.944 g of ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.492 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 2 parts of phosphoric acid. Ammonium hydrogen 152 mg, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-iron 226.2 mg, boric acid 2.
86 mg, manganese sulfate tetrahydrate 2.13 mg, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.22 mg... Copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.0
8mg, Sodium molybdate dihydrate 0.025m
g. It is a matter of course that a known chemical substance is added to the main formulation comprising the culture solution for hydroponics according to the type of salamander seed. Further, this reference solution is used by diluting it with 2 to 4 times water in accordance with actual growth of salmon seeds.

As described above, by simple hydroponics, 1
A relatively high concentration of the culture solution is supplied at the time when the germination and rooting have occurred in about two months and two leaves and two true leaves have emerged. In this way, it is shipped as a young tree having a height of about 15 cm and having 4 to 10 buds of a roller tree that has passed two and a half months. However, instead of this hydroponic cultivation, a long planter is immersed and arranged in a tray solution, seeds are sown in this, and rooting,
Even if germinated, the rate of growth to a young tree is about 80%, and a method may be adopted in which the grown young tree is replaced with a plant support material in a pot and shipped.

[0029]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

Since it is difficult to properly sterilize and wash soil in a field suitable for growing salamander trees, neither the plant holding material during the dormant treatment nor the plant supporting material during proper temperature growth uses the soil. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate and produce the mother tree area for seed collection, the place of artificial dormancy treatment, and the high temperature growing area in completely separate areas. In particular, in the high-temperature growing area where transportation costs to the mainland are low, house cultivation without artificial heating means in the southwestern subtropical area is also possible.

By performing the low-temperature dormant treatment at the seed stage, which leads to a high germination growth rate of the salamander, an extremely large amount can be stored compactly in a small low-temperature room or a refrigerator, and the dormant treatment cost is low. Alternatively, the cultivation process is simple and can be shortened, and the germination rate can be drastically increased even if the diapause temperature and humidity can be set well and long-term low-temperature diapause occurs. By cultivating at high temperatures, it has become possible to ship young trees having buds, which are products, to the market at all times over the anniversary.

In the method for cultivating a salamander tree of the present invention, the low-temperature room, the high-temperature room, and the tools used for the cultivation are kept clean so as to be aseptic, and the plant holding material and supporting material different from soil containing organic matter are harmless to plants. Since it is mixed with fungicides and sterilized, it can stably increase the germination growth rate and is not infected with foods, dishes or fungi even when placed directly in a cooking room or kitchen. It has become possible to provide a young tree having tree buds suitable as a safe and clean spice.

The cultivation method of the present invention is different from conventional cultivation and suppression cultivation, which is different from cultivation in which the temperature is low or warm in addition to spontaneous or natural cultivation in the field. By using artificial and supporting materials, artificial and forced low-temperature dormancy to break spontaneous dormancy, do other dormancy, and then forcibly adopt a suitable temperature cultivation that is not affected by the season, so that frost damage and The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method which is safe and avoids sudden natural disasters such as heavy rains, allows germination to grow at a particularly high rate, and is suitable for profitability in industrial business.

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method of germinating seeds collected from a salamander mother tree .
When forming the advance process both the cultivation equipment and materials treated in a sterile condition, then the seeds are mixed in the water content of 50% to 70% of a plant holding material housed in a plurality of containers with a breathable, container the humidity of 30% to 50%, placed in a cold room or refrigerator with adjustable ventilation to a temperature 3 ° C. to 5.5 ° C., said seed
Even after the elapse of the spontaneous sleep request time,
The dormant state is continued, and the dormancy is sequentially terminated with a time interval while predicting the demand quantity from the dormant seeds satisfying the spontaneous dormancy request time amount.After that, the dormant seeds are transferred to the plant support material packed in the pot. Sow and temperature from 15 ° C to 3
The lower part of the pot is immersed in a culture solution for hydroponics stored in a greenhouse adjusted to a temperature range of 0 ° C., and germinated and rooted, and after two and a half to three months, a young tree with a bud after a year has passed. A method for cultivating a salamander tree, wherein the method is provided to a customer at all times. 2. The plant holding material is selected from granular vermiculite, rock wool and peat moss.
Is intended to use the optimum two or more, the plant support material using vermiculite particulate, peat moss, rock wool, more than one type or two types of urethane sponge and river sand
The method for cultivating a salamander tree according to claim 1, wherein: 3. Spontaneous dormancy and forcing in said salmon seeds.
End dormancy within a period of no more than 6000 hours
For those that are to be completed, peel the peel and sort
Peel off the tux layer and absorb the growth regulator to promote germination.
Process and contain an aqueous solution of the fungicide in solution
2. The method for cultivating a salamander tree according to claim 1 , wherein seeds are mixed with the plant holding material and the dormant plants are allowed to sleep in a low-temperature room . 4. A spontaneous dormancy and a forced rest in the salamander seeds.
End dormancy after sleep processing exceeds 6000 hours
The planned one is the same except for the peeling operation of the wax layer.
After the germination promotion treatment, do the dormancy treatment, and end the dormancy treatment.
And then peel off the wax layer.
The method for cultivating a salamander tree according to claim 1, wherein the plant is planted on a plant support and cultivated in a greenhouse .