CN110859067A - Keep-alive method for prolonging service life of salix mongolica seeds - Google Patents
Keep-alive method for prolonging service life of salix mongolica seeds Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
Abstract
The invention discloses a keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds, and relates to a keep-alive method for salix mongolica seeds. The method solves the problems that the prior salix mongolica seeds are difficult to collect, short in storage period and easy to inactivate, and the prior seed storage technology is complex in process, complex in method and not beneficial to large-scale seed storage. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds; secondly, controlling the water content; and thirdly, sealing and storing in a dark place to finish the life-keeping method for prolonging the service life of the salix mongolica seeds. The method is used for prolonging the life of the salix mongolica seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a keep-alive method of salix mongolica seeds.
Background
Willow (Salix) is a generic name of Salicaceae (Salicaceae) Salix, deciduous tree or shrub, is a native tree species in China, and is one of the earliest described plants artificially cultivated and distributed in the widest range. The willow species have various varieties and wide distribution, have extremely high humanity and ornamental value, and have very important position in afforestation and greening in various parts of China. Willow has wide adaptability to environment, is loving light, dampness and cold, has some species with drought tolerance and salt and alkali tolerance, can grow in places with severe ecological conditions, and grows better in plain and wild fields with superior conditions in field. However, willow seeds have short service life, the viability of the willow seeds is easy to lose, the willow seeds are easy to be affected by temperature, moisture and plant diseases and insect pests after being sown, the emergence rate is low, although mature seed storage technologies exist, the process is complicated, the method is complex, and large-scale seed storage is not facilitated, so that people continue to cultivate willows in an asexual propagation mode for a long time, cutting propagation is mainly used, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed in the cutting planting process, the planting cost is high, and the progeny genetic variation of the willow seeds is small, so that good new varieties are difficult to screen, and the viability of the willows is gradually weakened. Therefore, there is a need for a method for storing willow seeds, which can prolong the activity of willow seeds and solve the problem of how to store willow seeds safely and reliably.
The Mongolian willow is deciduous shrub or small arbor of Salix of Salicaceae, and is a typical heterotrophic plant. The flowering period is 4-5 months, and the seeds fly away along with the white fluff at the end of 5 months. The Mongolian willow is heliophilous, resistant to yin, cold, drought and salt and alkali, can endure a habitat with a pH value of more than 10, is one of only a few woody plants growing on the saline-alkali land of the tender plain, is a good tree species for wind prevention, sand fixation and landscaping, is a precious wild plant resource for saline-alkali land improvement, can improve the pH value of saline-alkali soil, and has a great application prospect.
However, the salix mongolica can produce a large amount of seeds every year, but because the seeds are small, capsules crack when the seeds are mature, fly out along with catkins, are blown away by wind, and are difficult to collect. The salix mongolica is a short-lived seed, the seed maturation period of the salix mongolica is just before the 5 month to 6 month period, the salix mongolica is difficult to germinate when the seed is mature and naturally falls to the ground when the local weather is heavy rain and dry, and the seed loses vigor when the rainy season comes. Therefore, the research on the storage characteristics of the salix mongolica seeds is carried out, and the method has important theoretical value and practical significance for the storage of the salix mongolica seeds. At present, the research on prolonging the vitality of the salix mongolica seeds at home and abroad is almost blank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds, and aims to solve the problems that the existing salix mongolica seeds are difficult to collect, short in storage period and easy to inactivate, and the existing seed storage technology is complex in process, complex in method and not beneficial to large-scale seed storage.
A keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds:
at the beginning of 5-6 months, when 85% -90% of the color of capsules on the willow mongolica fruit ears changes from green to yellow, and the tips of the yellow capsules crack but do not boll out or the tips of the yellow capsules do not crack, collecting, putting the willow mongolica fruit ears in an air-permeable mesh bag, placing the ventilating mesh bag in a cool and dry place, turning over and drying the ventilating mesh bag every day until the uncracked capsules crack to obtain shade-dried fruit ears, then rubbing and lightly falling the mesh bag filled with the shade-dried fruit ears to enable the bolls and seeds in the cracked capsules to spit out, sieving the seeds from meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag, collecting and sieving the seeds, and placing the sieved seeds in a paper bag to obtain the collected willow mongolica seeds;
secondly, controlling the water content:
placing the collected salix mongolica seeds in a shade drying place, and drying in the shade until the water content of the salix mongolica seeds is 4.0% -7.0% to obtain salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content;
thirdly, sealing and storing in dark:
sealing Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content by a paper bag, and storing the seeds under the conditions of light protection and temperature of-85 ℃ to-75 ℃, thus completing the survival method for prolonging the service life of the Mongolian willow seeds.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the latest period of seed collection is mastered by observing the color and opening state of the capsule, the maximum seed collection amount is obtained, and the seeds with the best seed unhairing method and the maximum maturity can be obtained by collecting, drying and sieving the seeds in a mesh bag. The seed waste is reduced to the maximum extent, sufficient seeds are provided, the seeds can be kept alive for staggered sowing and seedling raising, the defects brought to species evolution by long-term application of asexual propagation can be overcome, the advantages of seedlings are fully exerted, and more excellent varieties are screened.
The invention utilizes the seed water content and storage temperature regulation and control technology to prolong the vitality and the germination capacity of the salix mongolica seeds. The inside vigorous metabolic process that carries on of seed can be avoided to control water content, reduces seed itself and stores the material consumption, adopts the shade to dry progressively and dewaters and avoid dehydration speed too fiercely or because excessive loss moisture harms seed vitality, and subsequent degree of depth cryogenic storage can not influence seed vigor because the too big inside cell frostbite of seed water content simultaneously. The method is a technology for effectively prolonging the vitality and the germination capacity of the willow seeds, effectively solves the problem that the Mongolian willow seeds are short in service life and not suitable for storage, and lays a foundation for establishing and enriching and perfecting willow seed storage modes.
The method can prolong the storage period and the activity of the seeds and the storage period of the salix mongolica seeds by controlling the water content and the storage temperature of the seeds, saves time, is simple and convenient to operate, has long seed activity retention time, and provides a basis and a solid foundation for the subsequent research of willow seed development and related research.
Compared with the prior art:
1. the service life of the seeds is prolonged, the germination rate is improved to more than 90% after the seeds are stored for 4 months, the germination rate can still reach more than 58% after the seeds are stored for 12 months, thus drought seasons of the mature period of the salix mongolica seeds can be missed, the death of the seeds is avoided, and when the rainy season comes and is suitable for the seeds to germinate, a large amount of seeding and seedling raising are carried out.
2. According to the method, the whole process is carried out in the mesh bag from harvesting of the capsule ears, shade drying of the capsules, cracking of the capsules, flying of villi, light falling, turning and drying until the seeds are screened out, so that the cracking of the capsules and the flying of the seeds along with the catkin are avoided, and the problem that the willow seeds are difficult to collect along with the flying of the catkin is solved. The willow seeds are washed by clear water to remove white hairs, sterilized and disinfected by aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, filtered and drained. The seeds are easy to absorb water and swell through water washing, if the seeds cannot be drained in time, the seeds can germinate, and the seeds lose activity even if the seeds are drained.
3. Because the small seed skin of the salix mongolica seeds is thin, the water content is gradually regulated and controlled through drying in the shade, and the damage of protoplasm of the seeds caused by violent dehydration or excessive dehydration can be avoided. The water content is controlled to be 4.0-7.0%, so that the seeds can be prevented from being frozen and even dead when stored at low temperature deeply. The prior drying is carried out by hot air drying at 40-45 ℃ or sealed storage of sterile river sand roasted at 260-280 ℃, which is troublesome.
4. Compared with other seed storage technologies, the method is simple and feasible, saves time and labor and saves cost. The conventional seeds are stored at low temperature, pretreatment is required, auxiliary materials are required to be mixed, a cryoprotectant is required, the seeds are soaked in a self-made refrigerating fluid, the seeds are firstly frozen and stored at low temperature, the steps are complicated, the method is complex, and the storage temperature is generally in the range of 0 ℃ to-30 ℃. According to the method, the effect of effectively prolonging the service life of the seeds and improving the vitality of the seeds is achieved only by regulating and controlling the water content and the storage temperature of the seeds, so that the salix mongolica seeds can miss the drought season, and can be normally sown and raised in rainy seasons, and the germination rate of the seeds is still over 90%. The method can directly store the dried seeds in an ultra-low temperature freezer at-85 to-75 ℃, and the seeds can absorb water to germinate after being directly taken out and soaked in water during sowing.
5. The service life of the seeds is prolonged, the salix mongolica seeds can be sowed at different times to promote the seedling raising of the salix mongolica seeds, and good varieties with better properties can be obtained. Compared with asexual propagation, the seedling can strengthen the vitality of the seedling, reduce plant diseases and insect pests, prolong the service life of the plant and improve the quality of wood.
6. The method grasps the optimal seed collection period by observing the color and opening state of the capsule, can obtain the maximum seed collection amount (more than 95 percent), and can obtain the optimal seed depilation method and the seeds with the maximum maturity by collecting, drying and sieving the seeds in shade through a mesh bag. The problem that a large amount of seeds are difficult to harvest by manually collecting the fly hairs in the prior art is solved, and the phenomenon that the seeds lose vigor due to secondary germination caused by water washing unhairing is avoided.
The invention relates to a keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a real object of Salix mongolica fruit without timely harvesting, with seeds blown away by wind along with catkins;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a real object of Mongolian willow seed and catkin blown away with wind;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a first step of the example in which 85% -90% of capsules on the fruit ears of the willow mongolica are yellow and the tips are not cracked;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a dry ear obtained in the first step of the example.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of the salix mongolica seeds is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds:
at the beginning of 5-6 months, when 85% -90% of the color of capsules on the willow mongolica fruit ears changes from green to yellow, and the tips of the yellow capsules crack but do not boll out or the tips of the yellow capsules do not crack, collecting, putting the willow mongolica fruit ears in an air-permeable mesh bag, placing the ventilating mesh bag in a cool and dry place, turning over and drying the ventilating mesh bag every day until the uncracked capsules crack to obtain shade-dried fruit ears, then rubbing and lightly falling the mesh bag filled with the shade-dried fruit ears to enable the bolls and seeds in the cracked capsules to spit out, sieving the seeds from meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag, collecting and sieving the seeds, and placing the sieved seeds in a paper bag to obtain the collected willow mongolica seeds;
secondly, controlling the water content:
placing the collected salix mongolica seeds in a shade drying place, and drying in the shade until the water content of the salix mongolica seeds is 4.0% -7.0% to obtain salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content;
thirdly, sealing and storing in dark:
sealing Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content by a paper bag, and storing the seeds under the conditions of light protection and temperature of-85 ℃ to-75 ℃, thus completing the survival method for prolonging the service life of the Mongolian willow seeds.
The paper bags described in steps one and three of the present embodiment are mainly used for ventilation and mold prevention.
In the first step of this embodiment, if the salix mongolica seeds completely enter the mature period, the tips of the capsules spit out catkins along with the opening of the cleft, the seeds fly with the white catkins, and once the catkins fly out of the pods, the seeds are difficult to collect, as shown in fig. 1 and 2. If most capsules on the fruit ears are not yellowed, the seeds in the fruit ears are immature and can not germinate even if collected. Therefore, when 85-90% of the color of the capsules on the willow mongolica fruit ears is changed from green to yellow, and the tips of the yellow capsules are cracked but not flocculated or the tips of the yellow capsules are not cracked, harvesting is started, so that the seeds can be prevented from flying with wind when the fully mature capsules are cracked, meanwhile, the seeds are dried in the shade until the uncracked capsules are cracked, and then the seeds are gently rubbed and beaten, so that the cracked capsules are required to be spit out of catkins and seeds, but the immature seeds in the capsules cannot come out, but the immature capsules can be cracked and the internal immature seeds come out if the force is too large, and the germination rate of the seeds is influenced.
For the Mongolian willow which blossoms in early spring, one inflorescence can be changed into a fruit cluster from the inflorescence as long as pollination is carried out, each floret can be developed into a mature capsule, finally, catkins and seeds are spitted out, and the development of each capsule on one fruit cluster can be basically synchronized. Under normal conditions, the pollination rate of each floret on one inflorescence can reach more than 98 percent, which means that more than 98 percent of florets on the inflorescence can develop into plump and mature capsules, and most of the florets are one hundred percent. The 85% -90% in the embodiment means that 85% -90% of small capsules on the fruit ears have slight yellowing, which means that the seeds are mature, at this time, seed picking can ensure that the capsules to be opened cannot be largely cared away to cause seed loss, and can ensure that the capsules which are not yet yellowed are mature after being dried in the shade, and the seeds in the capsules can be promoted to reach a mature state without influencing seed vitality and germination rate. For synchronously mature capsules, when all capsules are yellow, the capsules are harvested, the seeds of the capsules which are yellow firstly are cracked and blown away by wind, and the seeds are difficult to collect and lose. Therefore, when 85% -90% of capsules have slight yellowing, the timing for harvesting clusters is the best, and even if immature seeds exist, the proportion of the immature seeds is very low and is not more than 2%.
However, there are special cases, such as branches falling down, or being squeezed, or at the air opening, not being easily pollinated by insects, resulting in a small amount of fruit. And the capsule on the same fruit cluster is not developed synchronously, the base part of the fruit cluster is yellowed and cracked, the seeds in the green capsule at the tip are not mature, the germination rate of the mature seeds is low even after the seeds are dried in the shade, and some seeds do not germinate at all. If capsules are harvested in the green stage, the germination rate is low even if seeds are screened out, and even the seeds do not germinate because the seeds are immature.
In the second step of the embodiment, the salix mongolica seeds are dried in the shade at 20-25 ℃ until the water content is 4.0-7.0%. The water content influences the vitality of the seeds, the dry-resistant capacity of the salix mongolica seeds is weaker, the short-lived seeds are in an unstable active state due to the molecular structure of the protein, the metabolism is very vigorous, the newly collected salix mongolica seeds can immediately swell in water to begin to germinate, the germination rate is as high as 99%, water can be quickly lost, and the germination rate after losing vitality is only zero. The excessive violent dehydration speed or excessive water loss can damage the seed activity, and meanwhile, the excessive high water content of the seeds is instantly stored at low temperature to easily cause the freezing injury of cells inside the seeds, so that the activity of the seeds is influenced, and the water content of the seeds is strictly controlled.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
in the embodiment, the latest period of seed collection is mastered by observing the color and the opening state of the capsule, the maximum seed collection amount is obtained, and the optimal seed unhairing method and the seeds with the maximum maturity can be obtained by collecting, drying and sieving the seeds in a mesh bag. The seed waste is reduced to the maximum extent, sufficient seeds are provided, the seeds can be kept alive for staggered sowing and seedling raising, the defects brought to species evolution by long-term application of asexual propagation can be overcome, the advantages of seedlings are fully exerted, and more excellent varieties are screened.
The specific embodiment utilizes a seed water content and storage temperature regulation and control technology to prolong the vitality and the germination capacity of the salix mongolica seeds. The inside vigorous metabolic process that carries on of seed can be avoided to control water content, reduces seed itself and stores the material consumption, adopts the shade to dry progressively and dewaters and avoid dehydration speed too fiercely or because excessive loss moisture harms seed vitality, and subsequent degree of depth cryogenic storage can not influence seed vigor because the too big inside cell frostbite of seed water content simultaneously. The specific embodiment is a technology for effectively prolonging the vitality and the germination capacity of willow seeds, effectively solves the problem that the Mongolian willow seeds are short in service life and not suitable for storage, and lays a foundation for establishing and enriching and perfecting willow seed storage modes.
The specific embodiment can prolong the storage period and the activity of the seeds and the storage period of the salix mongolica seeds by controlling the water content and the storage temperature of the seeds, is time-saving, simple and convenient to operate, has long seed activity retention time, and provides a basis and a solid foundation for the subsequent research of willow seed development and related research.
Compared with the prior art:
1. the service life of the seeds is prolonged, the germination rate is increased to 90% after the seeds are stored for 4 months, the germination rate can still reach more than 58% after the seeds are stored for 12 months, so that the drought season of the mature period of the salix mongolica seeds can be missed, the seeds are prevented from dying, and when the rainy season comes and is suitable for the seeds to germinate, a large amount of seeding and seedling raising are carried out.
2. According to the specific embodiment, the whole process is carried out in the mesh bag from harvesting of the capsule ears, shade drying of the capsules, cracking of the capsules, flying of fluff and slight falling and drying until the seeds are screened out, so that cracking of the capsules and flying of the seeds along with the catkins are avoided, and the problem that the willow seeds are difficult to collect along with flying of the catkins is solved. The willow seeds are washed by clear water to remove white hairs, sterilized and disinfected by aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, filtered and drained. The seeds are easy to absorb water and swell through water washing, if the seeds cannot be drained in time, the seeds can germinate, and the seeds lose activity even if the seeds are drained.
3. Because the small seed skin of the salix mongolica seeds is thin, the water content is gradually regulated and controlled through drying in the shade, and the damage of protoplasm of the seeds caused by violent dehydration or excessive dehydration can be avoided. The water content is controlled to be 4.0-7.0%, so that the seeds can be prevented from being frozen and even dead when stored at low temperature deeply. The prior drying is carried out by hot air drying at 40-45 ℃ or sealed storage of sterile river sand roasted at 260-280 ℃, which is troublesome.
4. Compared with other seed storage technologies, the method is simple and feasible, saves time and labor and saves cost. The conventional seeds are stored at low temperature, pretreatment is required, auxiliary materials are required to be mixed, a cryoprotectant is required, the seeds are soaked in a self-made refrigerating fluid, the seeds are firstly frozen and stored at low temperature, the steps are complicated, the method is complex, and the storage temperature is generally in the range of 0 ℃ to-30 ℃. The specific embodiment only needs to regulate and control the water content and the storage temperature of the seeds, achieves the effect of effectively prolonging the service life of the seeds and improving the vitality of the seeds, enables the salix mongolica seeds to miss the drought season, and enables the salix mongolica seeds to normally sow and grow seedlings in rainy season, so that the germination rate of the seeds is still more than 90%. The specific embodiment can directly store the dried seeds in an ultra-low temperature freezer at-85 to-75 ℃, and the seeds can absorb water and germinate by directly taking out the seeds to soak water during sowing.
5. The service life of the seeds is prolonged, the salix mongolica seeds can be sowed at different times to promote the seedling raising of the salix mongolica seeds, and good varieties with better properties can be obtained. Compared with asexual propagation, the seedling can strengthen the vitality of the seedling, reduce plant diseases and insect pests, prolong the service life of the plant and improve the quality of wood.
6. The method grasps the optimal seed collection period by observing the color and opening state of the capsule, can obtain the maximum seed collection amount (more than 95 percent), and can obtain the optimal seed depilation method and the seeds with the maximum maturity by collecting, drying and sieving the seeds in shade through a mesh bag. The problem that a large amount of seeds are difficult to harvest by manually collecting the fly hairs in the prior art is solved, and the phenomenon that the seeds lose vigor due to secondary germination caused by water washing unhairing is avoided.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the meshes of the breathable net bag in the step one are 16-20 meshes. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: and step two, placing the collected salix mongolica seeds in a shade drying place, and drying in the shade until the water content of the salix mongolica seeds is 5.0% -6.9%, so as to obtain the salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the paper bag in the step one is a kraft paper bag. The others are the same as the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the paper bag in the third step is a kraft paper bag. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and in the third step, the salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content are sealed by paper bags and stored under the conditions of light protection and the temperature of-75 ℃. The rest is the same as in the first or fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and in the third step, the salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content are sealed by paper bags and stored under the conditions of light protection and the temperature of minus 80 ℃. The others are the same as the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and in the third step, the salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content are sealed by paper bags and stored under the conditions of light protection and the temperature of-85 ℃. The rest is the same as the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: in the first step, the salix mongolica clusters are arranged in a breathable mesh bag and placed in a cool and dry place with the temperature of 20-25 ℃. The other points are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and in the second step, the collected salix mongolica seeds are placed in a cool and dry place with the temperature of 20-25 ℃. The other points are the same as those in the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds:
at the beginning of 5-6 months, when 85% -90% of the color of capsules on the willow mongolica fruit ears changes from green to yellow, and the tips of the yellow capsules crack but do not boll out or the tips of the yellow capsules do not crack, collecting, putting the willow mongolica fruit ears in an air-permeable mesh bag, placing the ventilating mesh bag in a cool and dry place at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, turning and drying the ventilating mesh bag every day until the uncracked capsules crack to obtain dried fruit ears in the shade, then rubbing and lightly falling the mesh bag with the dried fruit ears in the shade to discharge the bolls and seeds in the cracked capsules, sieving the seeds from the meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag, collecting and sieving the seeds and placing the sieved seeds in a paper bag to obtain the collected willow mongolica seeds;
secondly, controlling the water content:
placing the collected salix mongolica seeds in a shady and dry place at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and drying in the shade until the water content of the salix mongolica seeds is 5.0-6.9% to obtain salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content;
thirdly, sealing and storing in dark:
sealing Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content by a paper bag, and storing under the conditions of dark and-80 ℃ to finish the life-keeping method for prolonging the service life of the Mongolian willow seeds.
The mesh of the breathable net bag in the step one is 18 meshes.
And step one, collecting the salix mongolica seeds in the Anda saline-alkali experimental base of northeast forestry university.
Comparative experiment: the comparative experiment differs from the first example in that: in the third step, the mixture is stored under the conditions of dark and the temperature of 25 ℃ (normal temperature), 4 ℃ and-20 ℃. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a first step of the example in which 85% -90% of capsules on the fruit ears of the willow mongolica are yellow and the tips are not cracked; as can be seen from the figure, the maturity of capsules arranged on the ears is relatively consistent, and 85-90% of the capsules are in the yellowing stage.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a dry ear taken in the shade according to step one of the embodiment; as can be seen, each capsule arranged on the ear is substantially dehiscent.
The method comprises the steps of selecting 100 Mongolian willow seeds stored under different storage conditions at random regularly, adding distilled water to enable the seeds to be rewetted, putting the rewetted seeds into a paper bed, and carrying out germination experiments in an incubator at the temperature of 25 ℃.
Observing and recording the seed germination condition every day, and calculating the germination rate; germination rate (number of seeds germinated/number of seeds for detection) × 100%.
TABLE 1 germination rates of Salix mongolica seeds at different storage temperatures and different storage times
Experiments prove that the seeds with the water content of 5.0-6.9 percent are stored at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ in a sealed and dark manner, the germination rate reaches 90 percent after the seeds are stored for 4 months, and the germination rate can still reach 58 percent after the seeds are stored for 12 months.
The salix mongolica seeds are very small, the thousand seed weight is 0.3128 +/-0.0028 g, about 33 to 109 capsules are arranged on one fruit cluster, and each capsule contains 5 to 6 seeds, so about 165 to 654 seeds can be produced on one fruit cluster, and more than 95 percent of seeds can be collected by adopting the collection method of the embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. A keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds:
at the beginning of 5-6 months, when 85% -90% of the color of capsules on the willow mongolica fruit ears changes from green to yellow, and the tips of the yellow capsules crack but do not boll out or the tips of the yellow capsules do not crack, collecting, putting the willow mongolica fruit ears in an air-permeable mesh bag, placing the ventilating mesh bag in a cool and dry place, turning over and drying the ventilating mesh bag every day until the uncracked capsules crack to obtain shade-dried fruit ears, then rubbing and lightly falling the mesh bag filled with the shade-dried fruit ears to enable the bolls and seeds in the cracked capsules to spit out, sieving the seeds from meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag, collecting and sieving the seeds, and placing the sieved seeds in a paper bag to obtain the collected willow mongolica seeds;
secondly, controlling the water content:
placing the collected salix mongolica seeds in a shade drying place, and drying in the shade until the water content of the salix mongolica seeds is 4.0% -7.0% to obtain salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content;
thirdly, sealing and storing in dark:
sealing Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content by a paper bag, and storing the seeds under the conditions of light protection and temperature of-85 ℃ to-75 ℃, thus completing the survival method for prolonging the service life of the Mongolian willow seeds.
2. A keep-alive method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag in the first step are 16-20 meshes.
3. A keep-alive method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second step, the collected Mongolian willow seeds are placed in a cool and dry place and dried in the shade until the water content of the Mongolian willow seeds is 5.0% -6.9%, and Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are obtained.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paper bag in step one is kraft paper bag.
5. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the paper bags in step three are kraft paper bags.
6. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are sealed by a paper bag and stored under the conditions of dark and-75 ℃.
7. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are sealed by a paper bag and stored under the conditions of dark and-80 ℃.
8. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are sealed by a paper bag and stored under the conditions of dark and-85 ℃.
9. A keep-alive method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the fruit clusters of Mongolian willow are placed in a breathable mesh bag and placed in a cool and dry place with the temperature of 20-25 ℃.
10. A life-preserving method for prolonging the life of the seeds of the salix mongolica as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collected salix mongolica seeds are placed in a cool and dry place with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the second step.
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