JP4133521B2 - Method for producing artificial lightweight soil - Google Patents
Method for producing artificial lightweight soil Download PDFInfo
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- JP4133521B2 JP4133521B2 JP2003102877A JP2003102877A JP4133521B2 JP 4133521 B2 JP4133521 B2 JP 4133521B2 JP 2003102877 A JP2003102877 A JP 2003102877A JP 2003102877 A JP2003102877 A JP 2003102877A JP 4133521 B2 JP4133521 B2 JP 4133521B2
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
- artificial lightweight
- lightweight soil
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、植物の生育環境に適した性能を有し、しかも環境負荷の少ない人工軽量土壌の製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
人工軽量土壌は、ガーデニングでの植物栽培用資材或いは法面などの緑化用基材として種々開発されており、例えば、特開平５ー２７１６５５号公報には、独立気泡を有する熱可塑性樹脂発泡体の被粉砕物の少なくとも一部が形状を残すように摩擦熱により減容化され、表面に凹凸部を有し、且つ独立気泡が残存したものからなる土壌改良材が、特開平６ー３０６５６号公報には、熱可塑性プラスチックの連続気泡体を親水化した植物培地用土壌がそれぞれ開示されている。
【０００３】
また、特開２００２ー５１６３７号公報には、感温吸排水性樹脂粒子を含有した連続気泡型多孔体または繊維圧縮成型体からなる植生資材が、特開２００２ー２３３２３８号公報には、酸変性ポリオレフィン樹脂の発泡体を含有してなる人工軽量土壌がそれぞれ開示されている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記のような従来の人工軽量土壌は、その殆どが樹脂を主成分とする構成のものであるから、栽培した植物を収穫した後、或いは植生した植物が枯れた後でも、前記樹脂発泡体は腐らずにそのまま残ることになる。したがって、人工軽量土壌を繰り返して使用する場合はあまり問題はないが、例えば、この人工軽量土壌を鉢或いは木箱などの容器に入れて使用する場合には、枯れた植物を除去して新しい植物に植え替える時或いは模様替えのために新しい鉢植えと交換する時に、土として使用したこの人工軽量土壌も一緒に廃棄する場合が多い。しかし、廃棄する場合にこれを土の中に埋めても腐らないので、産業廃棄物となり、地球環境の負荷になるといった問題点がある。
【０００５】
本発明は上記のような従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、植物生育に適した保水性，透水性，通気性などに優れ、しかも植物生育に適するＰＨを有する土壌であって、且つ地球環境への負荷が少ないこと、更には、ダイオキシンの発生源として焼却が禁止されていて処理に困ってる間伐材，樹皮，木屑等の木質廃材を有効活用できる人工軽量土壌の製造方法を提供することを目的としたものである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するため、本願の請求項１に係る発明は、木質系チップ材を、蒸気温度１７０〜１９０℃，蒸気圧力１０〜１３気圧，時間１〜３時間、高温高圧蒸気処理を施すことを特徴とする人工軽量土壌の製造方法である。この構成により、軽量で且つ植物の生育に求められる根の固定性能，保水性能，透水性能などを十分に満たしており、ＰＨ値も植物の発芽，生育に支障のないものが得られるとゝもに、廃棄時にも植物生育に適した土壌改良用の資材となり、環境負荷が少ない。しかも、木質系チップ材には高温高圧蒸気処理が施されているため改めて消毒，殺菌処理等を改めて施す必要がないとゝもに、剪定枝，流木，木屑，樹皮，間伐材，木の葉などの木質廃材をも有効利用することができる。
【０００７】
更に上記の目的を達成するため、本願の請求項２に係る発明は、前記請求項１記載の発明にあって、前記高温高圧蒸気処理を、コンクリートパイル製造用のオートクレーブを使用することを特徴とする。この構成により、既存の設備をそのまま使用でき、新たな設備投資が不要であるとゝもに、高温高圧蒸気処理及び加熱処理は前記通常のコンクリートパイル製造用のオートクレーブにおいて設定できる範囲のものであり、作業が容易である。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明すると、木質系材料を切断又はチッピングし、この木質系チップ材に高温高圧蒸気処理を施す。木質系チップ材としては、伐採現場や製材所等から排出される間伐材，剪定枝，木屑，樹皮，木の葉，流木等の天然木材を使用する。その大きさは約１〜２００ｍｍ程度の範囲内が好ましい。
【０００９】
さらに、本発明では、前記木質系チップ材に高温高圧蒸気処理を施すが、この処理には通常のコンクリートパイル製造用のオートクレーブを転用し、既存設備の有効利用を図っている。この高温高圧蒸気処理の条件は、好ましくは約１７０〜１９０℃，１０〜１３気圧，１〜３時間とする。この条件で前記木質系チップ材を処理した場合、約１８０℃といった比較的低温領域で炭素の繊維を主体とした処理済みチップ材、すなわち、本発明に係る人工軽量土壌が得られる。
【００１０】
上記の処理済みチップ材は、高温高圧蒸気処理自体およびこのときの熱分解によって生成される木酢液により殺菌，消毒が施された状態のものとなるので、事後の殺菌，消毒処理が不要となる。したがって、植物を病原菌から保護し、良好な植物生育環境を維持することが出来るとゝもに、製造が簡単であるため廉価に製造することが出来る。
【００１１】
また、この種の人工土壌には、草木類の植物を植生，繁茂させるに適正なものであることが要求される。すなわち、土壌に求められる性能として、保水性，透水性，ＰＨなどが挙げられるが、本発明に係る人工軽量土壌は、主に軟化した植物の繊維質からなるものであるから、適度な透水性を具備しているとゝもに、測定結果から、保水性は約７５％，ＰＨ値は約５．７〜６％の値が得られた。したがって、人工土壌に求められる上記の諸要求性能を十分にみたしており、植物の発芽，育成に何らの支障もない。
【００１２】
しかも、本発明に係る人工軽量土壌の見かけ比重は約０．３であり、軽量ポーラスコンクリートの場合は２．０程度、従来の人工軽量土壌の場合でも０．５程度であるので、これらのものと比較しても格段に軽量である。したがって、建築物の構造設計上、設置重量には一定の制約がある屋上緑化用土壌として格段に有利に使用することができる。
【００１３】
また、使用終了後に廃棄する場合に、これを地表に敷設すればマルチング材となり、土と混合することにより良質の腐葉土と同様の性能を発揮する。したがって、環境負荷が少ないばかりか、むしろ土壌改良に寄与することとなる。
【００１４】
本発明に係る人工軽量土壌の使用方法は、現場で土の代わりに使用したり、紙または木の箱に入れて或いはメッシュの袋に入れて使用する。また、土を全く使用せず、この人工軽量土壌のみをベッドに充填し、上方から養液を点滴する養液栽培に使用することもできるが、この場合には、高温高圧蒸気処理自体およびこのときの熱分解によって生成される木酢液により殺菌，消毒が施された状態のものとなるので、事後の殺菌，消毒処理が不要となる。
【００１５】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記のような構成であるから、処理に困ってる剪定枝，流木，木屑，樹皮，間伐材，木の葉などの木質廃材を有効利用できるとゝもに、廃棄する場合にも、地球環境の負荷とならないばかりか良質の土壌改良材として機能する。また、本発明の製造には既存のコンクリートパイル製造用オートクレーブをそのまま転用することができるため新たな設備投資を要することがないとゝもに、その処理はこのオートクレーブの機能の範囲内であるため、作業が容易であるといった諸効果がある。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing artificial lightweight soil having performance suitable for a plant growth environment and low environmental load.
[0002]
Artificial lightweight soil has been developed in various ways as a planting material in gardening or as a base material for greening such as a slope. For example, JP-A-5-271655 discloses a thermoplastic resin foam having closed cells. A soil conditioner made of a material that has been reduced in volume by frictional heat so that at least a part of the object to be crushed remains, has a concavo-convex portion on the surface, and closed cells remain, is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-30656. Discloses a plant medium soil obtained by hydrophilizing an open-cell body of a thermoplastic plastic.
[0003]
JP-A-2002-51637 discloses a vegetation material comprising an open-cell porous body or a fiber compression-molded body containing temperature-sensitive water-absorbing and draining resin particles, and JP-A-2002-233238 discloses acid-modified. Artificial lightweight soils each containing a polyolefin resin foam are disclosed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since most of the conventional artificial light soils as described above are composed of resin as a main component, the resin foam is produced even after harvesting the cultivated plant or after the vegetated plant withered. The body will remain intact. Therefore, there is not much problem when using artificial lightweight soil repeatedly. For example, when this artificial lightweight soil is used in a container such as a pot or a wooden box, a withered plant is removed and a new plant is removed. In many cases, this artificial lightweight soil used as soil is also discarded when replanting or replacing with a new potted plant for remodeling. However, when it is discarded, it does not rot even if it is buried in the soil, so that there is a problem that it becomes an industrial waste and a burden on the global environment.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and is a soil having excellent water retention, water permeability, air permeability, etc. suitable for plant growth, and having PH suitable for plant growth, and Providing a method for producing artificial lightweight soil that can effectively utilize wood waste such as thinned wood, bark, and wood chips, which have a low impact on the global environment, and are incinerated as a source of dioxins and are in trouble with processing. It is for the purpose.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present application performs a high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment on a wood chip material at a steam temperature of 170 to 190 ° C., a steam pressure of 10 to 13 atm, and a time of 1 to 3 hours. It is the manufacturing method of the artificial lightweight soil characterized by this. With this configuration, it is lightweight and sufficiently satisfies the root fixing performance, water retention performance, water permeability performance, etc. required for plant growth, and the PH value can be obtained that does not hinder plant germination and growth. In addition, when it is discarded, it becomes a material for soil improvement suitable for plant growth and has a low environmental impact. Moreover, wood chips are treated with high-temperature and high-pressure steam, so there is no need to re-sterilize or sterilize them. In addition, pruned branches, driftwood, wood chips, bark, thinned wood, leaves, etc. Wood waste can also be used effectively.
[0007]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 2 of the present application is the invention according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment uses an autoclave for producing concrete piles. To do. With this configuration, existing equipment can be used as it is, and no new capital investment is required, but high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment and heat treatment are within the range that can be set in the above-mentioned ordinary autoclave for concrete pile production. Easy to work.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. A wood-based material is cut or chipped, and the wood-based chip material is subjected to a high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment. Natural wood such as thinned wood, pruned branches, wood chips, bark, leaves, driftwood, etc. discharged from logging sites and sawmills, etc. is used as the wood chip material. The size is preferably within a range of about 1 to 200 mm.
[0009]
Further, in the present invention, the wood chip material is subjected to a high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment. In this treatment, an ordinary autoclave for producing concrete piles is diverted to make effective use of existing equipment. The conditions for this high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment are preferably about 170 to 190 ° C., 10 to 13 atm, and 1 to 3 hours. When the wood-based chip material is treated under these conditions, a treated chip material mainly composed of carbon fibers in a relatively low temperature region of about 180 ° C., that is, an artificial lightweight soil according to the present invention is obtained.
[0010]
The above treated chip material is in a state of being sterilized and disinfected by the high-temperature and high-pressure steam process itself and the pyroligneous acid produced by the thermal decomposition at this time, so that the subsequent sterilization and disinfection process becomes unnecessary. . Therefore, if the plant can be protected from pathogenic bacteria and a good plant growth environment can be maintained, it can be manufactured at low cost because it is easy to manufacture.
[0011]
In addition, this type of artificial soil is required to be suitable for vegetation and vegetation. That is, the performance required for the soil includes water retention, water permeability, PH and the like, but the artificial lightweight soil according to the present invention is mainly composed of softened plant fibers, and therefore has an appropriate water permeability. From the measurement results, the water retention was about 75%, and the PH value was about 5.7-6%. Therefore, the above-mentioned required performances required for artificial soil are fully observed, and there is no hindrance to plant germination and growth.
[0012]
Moreover, the apparent specific gravity of the artificial lightweight soil according to the present invention is about 0.3, about 2.0 in the case of lightweight porous concrete, and about 0.5 even in the case of conventional artificial lightweight soil. It is much lighter than that. Therefore, it can be remarkably advantageously used as a roof-top greening soil in which the installation weight has certain restrictions on the structural design of the building.
[0013]
Moreover, when it is discarded after the end of use, if it is laid on the ground surface, it becomes a mulching material, and when mixed with soil, it exhibits the same performance as high quality humus. Therefore, it not only has a small environmental load, but rather contributes to soil improvement.
[0014]
The method for using the artificial lightweight soil according to the present invention is used in place of soil at the site, put in paper or a wooden box, or put in a mesh bag. In addition, the soil can be used for nourishment cultivation in which only the artificial lightweight soil is filled into the bed and the nutrient solution is instilled from above without using any soil. Since the sterilization and disinfection are performed with the pyroligneous acid produced by the thermal decomposition, the subsequent sterilization and disinfection are not necessary.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to effectively use wood waste such as pruned branches, driftwood, wood chips, bark, thinned wood, and leaves of trees that are in trouble with processing. Not only does it become a burden on the soil, but also functions as a good soil conditioner Moreover, since the existing autoclave for concrete pile production can be diverted as it is for the production of the present invention, there is no need for new equipment investment, and the processing is within the range of the function of this autoclave. There are various effects such as easy work.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003102877A JP4133521B2 (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2003-04-07 | Method for producing artificial lightweight soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003102877A JP4133521B2 (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2003-04-07 | Method for producing artificial lightweight soil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004305085A JP2004305085A (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| JP4133521B2 true JP4133521B2 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003102877A Expired - Fee Related JP4133521B2 (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2003-04-07 | Method for producing artificial lightweight soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4133521B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4110157B2 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2008-07-02 | 寿雄 福山 | Variable space effective utilization type cultivation method |
| CN104942937A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-30 | 阜南佳利工艺品有限公司 | Mulberry bark treatment method |
| JP6995386B2 (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2022-01-14 | 宮崎みどり製薬株式会社 | Manufacturing method and soil improvement method for soil improvement materials made from wood-based materials |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5841810B2 (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1983-09-14 | キッコーマン株式会社 | Plant growing method |
| JPS5699724A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1981-08-11 | Kikkoman Shoyu Co Ltd | Production of horticultural substitute soil |
| JPH02289481A (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1990-11-29 | Hitoyoshi Nama Concrete Kk | Method for blasting cryptomeria bark, cypress bark or the like and its blasted material |
| JP3057561B2 (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 2000-06-26 | 竹内木材工業合資会社 | Method of manufacturing wood heat-treated products and use of wood heat-treated products |
| JP3023675B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-21 | いし本食品工業株式会社 | Cultivation method of salamander tree |
| JP2001197830A (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2001-07-24 | Ishimoto Shokuhin Kogyo Kk | Method of year-round culture shoot-bearing tree body of japanese pepper by grafting |
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| JP2004305085A (en) | 2004-11-04 |
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