CN107258511A - Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method and Quercus acutissima method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method and Quercus acutissima method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258511A CN107258511A CN201710514481.1A CN201710514481A CN107258511A CN 107258511 A CN107258511 A CN 107258511A CN 201710514481 A CN201710514481 A CN 201710514481A CN 107258511 A CN107258511 A CN 107258511A
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- quercus acutissima
- river sand
- bud
- seed
- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method, comprise the following steps：（1）The seed of the full no disease and pests harm of big grain is screened, liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection is used, clear water rinsed clean is then used；（2）Seed is sprinkling upon on river sand, cover the river sand of 3cm thickness again, is irrigated with clear water, and river sand humidity is that river sand temperature is 20 25 DEG C before 60% or so, March 20, afterwards until before grafting mid-April temperature be 25 30 DEG C；（3）The Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling that constantly covering of heap sand has been unearthed after at the beginning of 4 months, makes Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling unearthed time be coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time.Also disclose a kind of Quercus acutissima method for culturing seedlings.
Description
Technical field
Educated the present invention relates to a kind of Quercus acutissima implantation methods, more particularly to a kind of Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method and a kind of Quercus acutissima
Seedling-growing method.
Background technology
Quercus acutissima is one of preferred seeds of China " 12 " biomass energy, and simply natural production is not high, it is necessary to send out energetically
Open up artificial growth.But, the artificial growth of Quercus acutissima is difficult a lot, does not most importantly find a kind of feasible method for culturing seedlings,
Survival rate is not high.
A kind of convenient, fast and effective Quercus acutissima breeding propagation method is searched out, is always to perplex our forestry science and technology works
The a difficult problem of author.The existing propagation method of Quercus acutissima mainly has two kinds：（1）Quercus acutissima true seed field seedling raising and container bag are educated
Seedling.The deficiency of this method is mainly：The offspring that true seed is cultivated easily produces trait differentiation, it is impossible to effectively preserve female parent
Merit, is unfavorable for cultivating fine individual plant, therefore, this method is not much value to Quercus acutissima fine-variety breeding；（2）General fiber crops
Oak graft seedling growth：The one year seedling cultivated using Quercus acutissima true seed makees stock, selects excellent Quercus acutissima elite stand middle and upper part branch to make
Scion, the conventional method such as connects using cut-grafting, bud and carries out nursery.The deficiency of this method is mainly：Seedling raise period is long, and cost is high,
Meanwhile, Quercus acutissima adult elite stand is mostly high megaphanerophyte, and collection scion difficulty is big；Also Quercus acutissima scion is mostly very thin, with grafting anvil
Wood is mismatched, and graft survival rate is not high, is unfavorable for cultivating Quercus acutissima grafting.
Applicant once attempt use bud stock grafting propagation method, but never succeed, graft survival rate less than
50%, practicality is not strong.By long-term carefully contrastive analysis, it is found that its reason is：Under nature, Quercus acutissima bud anvil is unearthed
Time is difficult to coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time, and some are that Quercus acutissima bud anvil unearthed time is too early, and Quercus acutissima is given birth to then
The non-lignifying of branch；Some are that Quercus acutissima bud anvil unearthed time is too late, and Quercus acutissima current-year branch eye has been sprouted.And indivedual Quercus acutissima buds
Anvil unearthed time coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time, then graft survival rate is higher, up to 90%.
It has been found that to solve the technical problem of the artificial growth of Quercus acutissima, it is necessary to find a kind of Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling and cultivate
Method, makes Quercus acutissima bud anvil unearthed time be coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method, make Quercus acutissima bud anvil unearthed time
It is coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time.On this basis, a kind of Quercus acutissima method for culturing seedlings is also provided, to solve Quercus acutissima people
Work post plants the not high technical problem of survival rate.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method of the invention comprises the following steps：
（1）The seed of the full no disease and pests harm of big grain is screened, liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection is used, clear water rinsed clean is then used；
（2）Seed is sprinkling upon on river sand, cover the river sand of 3cm thickness again, is irrigated with clear water, and river sand humidity is 60% or so, March 20
A few days ago river sand temperature be 20-25 DEG C, afterwards until before grafting mid-April temperature be 25-30 DEG C；
（3）The Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling that constantly covering of heap sand has been unearthed later at the beginning of 4 months, makes Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling unearthed time and Quercus acutissima then
The raw branch lignifying time coincide.
The seed diameter is 1-1.5cm.
The liquor potassic permanganate concentration is 0.5%, soaks half an hour.
The Quercus acutissima method for culturing seedlings that the present invention is provided comprises the following steps：
（1）Cultivate bud anvil seedling：The seed of the full no disease and pests harm of big grain is screened, liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection is used, then with clear
Water rinsed clean；Seed is sprinkling upon on river sand, cover the river sand of 3cm thickness again, is irrigated with clear water, and river sand humidity is 60% or so, 3
River sand temperature is 20-25 DEG C before months 20 days, afterwards until before grafting mid-April temperature be 25-30 DEG C；Continuous heap after at the beginning of 4 months
The unearthed Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling of sand covering, makes Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling unearthed time be coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time；
（2）Adopt fringe：When Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying and axillary bud are not sprouted, collection Quercus acutissima current-year branch is as scion；
（3）Grafting：By step（1）Seedling before lamina is made stock by the unearthed of cultivation, with step（2）The fiber crops raw then of collection
Oak choiceness branch makees scion, cleft grafting, and grafting time is between mid-April-mid-May；
（4）Greenhouse is cultivated after grafting.
Start within 20 days or so after grafting healing, then water once within regular 15 days, after January and with 0.1% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium, 0.2% urea mixed solution combination disease-prevention and insecticide carry out foliage dressing, and with rear enclosed greenhouse plastic film, relative humidity is in canopy
85-90%；Mid or late June nursery stock starts to take out the tip, then makees foliage spray with above mixed liquor；After 30 days, film two is opened, is made
It is ventilated, progressively remove film.
Using the Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method of the present invention, the Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling of health can be cultivated, fiber crops can be realized
Oak bud anvil unearthed time coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time, so as to ensure in follow-up bud anvil seedling grafting procedures
Reach preferable graft survival rate.The key of the technical scheme is the control of time, humidity and the temperature of indoor sand storage seed,
To adjust seed growth progress, and how to ensure that bud anvil seedling is not unearthed, is unearthed when needing.Using the Quercus acutissima of the present invention
Method for culturing seedlings, can overcome the defect of prior art, can solve the problem that the not high technology of prior art Quercus acutissima artificial growth survival rate
Problem.
By practice, using the method for the present invention, Quercus acutissima seedling graft survival rate is up to 91.6%, and this method is simply square
Just, quickness and high efficiency, is conveniently promoted the use of.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail：
The method concrete operation step of the present invention can be as follows：
1st, the selection of stock seed and damp sand vernalization
After Quercus acutissima fruit picks, stacking 3-4 days is placed on the draft chamber in, allows its after-ripening to dry in the shade, it is thick with 1.0-1.5cm diameters
Sieve, screens the seed of the big full no disease and pests harm of grain, 1.5cm diameters it is best, disappeared with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate immersion half an hour
Poison, then uses clear water rinsed clean, is got up with river sand with planting sublayering storage, is specially：The 10cm on pad on flat terrace
Sand, above-mentioned seed is uniformly sprinkling upon above, seed, which is tried one's best, to be avoided overlapping, then is covered the river sand of 3cm thickness, is poured with clear water
Thoroughly.The 10-15 days water sprays in general interval once, are preferably spaced 13 days water sprays once, sand is kept moistening.Wet sand is urged
Bud, strict temperature control：Temperature control is at 20-25 DEG C before March 20, preferably 25 DEG C；Afterwards until temperature liter before grafting mid-April
To 25-30 DEG C, preferably 30 DEG C；Strict control humidity：River sand humidity requirement is maintained at 60% water content or so, and water content is best
It is 60%, to adjust seed growth progress；The unearthed Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling of continuous heap sand covering is required after at the beginning of 4 months, to ensure bud
Anvil seedling is not unearthed.It can ensure that Quercus acutissima bud anvil unearthed time coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time by this method.
2nd, prepare to garden
Select to garden：Quercus acutissima likes acid soil, preferably selects to garden deep fertile, loose thin, the well-drained sandy loam of soil layer with making garden, week
Enclose ideal close to water source.First winter in year digs（Turn）Dig earth, careful site preparation before the Second Year spring transplants, the tap drain in seedling field is less than
3-4 cuns of ditch is enclosed, ditch is enclosed and is less than 5-6 cuns of bed surface, with sharp draining.Every mu is applied the dung polluted water or paulownia is withered, cake-shaped rape seed dregs 5 is carried on a shoulder pole, farmyard manure 20 of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Load makees base manure.Then the wide beds of 1-1.2m are made into.Lid film shed, the upper high 2.3m of face frame shade are set with bamboo shelf on nursery stock
Canopy, light transmittance is suitable.
3rd, the preparation before grafting
Get out toothpaste, cut out growth × wide 3.0cm × 0.8cm, and bend into tubular, also single-edge blade, towel, basin,
Plank etc., while having trained grafting hand, plant person.
4th, the collection and storage of scion
Fringe is adopted preferably with adopting with connecing, adopts best with the cloudy day, branch is adopted preferably typically before at 10 points in the morning or after at 5 points in afternoon, it is cloudy
Rainy day can whole day adopt fringe, branch can not be such as taken on the spot, moisture will be suctioned with absorbent cotton through long-distance transport, by branch base portion
Bandage, humectation is noted in way.Preservation and freshness：Branch transport is returned, and is placed in sweet potato cellar for storing things, or in basement or bomb shelter,
The thickness 10cm of ground heap one fresh wet river sand, 50 or 100 a branch of, 1/3rd branches from branch base portion are bundled into by branch
In section embedment river sand, it can continue and use 15-20 days.Points for attention：It is required that Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying and axillary bud is not sprouted
When gather.
5th, grafting
Play anvil：It is the most suitable when bud anvil has just exposed the native non-lamina of table, gently dug with hand, be put into water rinse well it is standby.
Cut anvil：2-3cm is cut off on seed petiole, and a knife is cut to quasi-middle shaft.Cut fringe：Choose full armpit, terminal bud, the 0.5cm under leaf
The lower knife in place, two sides is whittled into horse ear shape（Wedge）, bevel length appropriateness（About 0.5-0.8cm）, 0.3-0.5cm is cut on bud.It is nested
Tie up：In the seedling anvil that the scion insertion cut has been cut, to good forming layer, it is caught in and is clutched with toothpaste, do not dropped with portable fringe
Get off.Plant：The nursery stock connected is put into the basin that wet towel is covered with, it is to avoid sunlight irradiates, and distinguishes choiceness product
Name, special messenger is responsible for transport plant, and seeding row spacing is suitable, irrigates a root water after cultivation, the appropriate depth of cultivation, notices that root system must be with
Soil close proximity.The mark of clone number is carried out, film is then covered, surrounding compresses sealing.Points for attention：（1）During grafting
Between be strict controlled between mid-April-mid-May,（2）Quercus acutissima sprout stock takes out best when just having exposed the table non-lamina of soil.
6th, the management work after grafting
Start within 20 days or so after grafting healing, water once within regular 15 days, after January and with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2%
Urea mixed solution combination disease-prevention and insecticide carries out foliage dressing, continues thereafter with closing plastic foil, when temperature is gradually increasing, is presented in canopy
Relative humidity is up to 85-90% in the steaming state of a piece of steam, canopy, and mid or late June nursery stock starts to take out the tip, then with mixed above
Liquid makees foliage spray.After 30 days, film two is opened, is allowed to ventilated, then progressively removes film.Remove cool canopy, White Dew
After section, temperature is slightly lower, and transpiration is reduced, and cool canopy can be removed, and now nursery stock is amenable to direct sunlight, photosynthesis enhancing, root system
Grow vigorous, favourable nursery stock normal growth.Points for attention：Take off film and the dismounting cool canopy time selects cloudy day operation best.
Above is in the situation of the regional concrete operations of Chenzhou, Hunan Province, in the ground Quercus acutissima vitellarium such as other areas of Hunan and Jiangxi
Experiment, it is as a result essentially identical, illustrate that this method can be widely used in Quercus acutissima vitellarium.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Quercus acutissima bud anvil seeding cultivating method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）The seed of the full no disease and pests harm of big grain is screened, liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection is used, clear water rinsed clean is then used；
（2）Seed is sprinkling upon on river sand, cover the river sand of 3cm thickness again, is irrigated with clear water, and river sand humidity is 60% or so, March 20
A few days ago river sand temperature be 20-25 DEG C, afterwards until before grafting mid-April temperature be 25-30 DEG C；
（3）The Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling that constantly covering of heap sand has been unearthed later at the beginning of 4 months, makes Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling unearthed time and Quercus acutissima then
The raw branch lignifying time coincide.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The seed diameter is 1-1.5cm.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The liquor potassic permanganate concentration is 0.5%, soaks half an hour.
4. a kind of Quercus acutissima method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Cultivate bud anvil seedling：The seed of the full no disease and pests harm of big grain is screened, liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection is used, then with clear
Water rinsed clean；Seed is sprinkling upon on river sand, cover the river sand of 3cm thickness again, is irrigated with clear water, and river sand humidity is 60% or so, 3
River sand temperature is 20-25 DEG C before months 20 days, afterwards until before grafting mid-April temperature be 25-30 DEG C；Continuous heap after at the beginning of 4 months
The unearthed Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling of sand covering, makes Quercus acutissima bud anvil seedling unearthed time be coincide with the Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying time；
（2）Adopt fringe：When Quercus acutissima current-year branch lignifying and axillary bud are not sprouted, collection Quercus acutissima current-year branch is as scion；
（3）Grafting：By step（1）Seedling before lamina is made stock by the unearthed of cultivation, with step（2）The fiber crops raw then of collection
Oak choiceness branch makees scion, cleft grafting, and grafting time is between mid-April-mid-May；
（4）Greenhouse is cultivated after grafting.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Start within 20 days or so after grafting healing, then regular 15 days
Water once, foliage dressing is carried out after January and with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% urea mixed solution combination disease-prevention and insecticide, with
Relative humidity is 85-90% in rear enclosed greenhouse plastic film, canopy；Mid or late June nursery stock starts to take out the tip, then is made with above mixed liquor
Foliage spray；After 30 days, film two is opened, is allowed to ventilated, progressively removes film.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112492994A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-16 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | Method for budding quercus acutissima and quercus variabilis |
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