CN106069141A - A kind of method of oriental cherry cutting propagation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for growing seedlings by cutting cherry blossoms. It includes the following steps: step 1, nursery and seedbed preparation, nursery ground selection ditches complete flat land or slope less than 20 ° hilly land, seedbed equipped with gap spray equipment; step 2, cuttings preparation; including cuttings collection and cuttings Step 3, cutting and post-planting management, choose twig cuttings, pay attention to post-planting management, including water management, light management, nutrient management, etc.; step 4, transplant seedling cultivation, pay attention to transplanting time and method; step 5, field Management, including soil and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning of seedlings, and pest control; Step 6, seedlings out of the nursery, including seedling raising, grading, packaging, transportation and quarantine. The method can improve the survival rate of cutting seedlings, increase the supply of cherry blossom seedlings, reduce the cost of seedling cultivation, selectively cultivate cherry blossom seedlings according to the purpose of seedling cultivation, and provide a feasible solution for mass application in cherry blossom seedling production.

Description

A kind of method for cherry blossom cutting seedling raising

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling raising methods, in particular to a method for cherry blossom cutting seedling raising.

technical background

Cherry blossom (Prunus serrulata) belongs to Rosaceae (Rosaceae) and belongs to the genus Cerasus. It is a large deciduous tree or shrub. It is native to the temperate Himalayas region of the northern hemisphere and is cultivated all over the world. The flowers are in umbels, mostly white and pink, and open from March to April every year. The flowers are fragrant and gorgeous, and are often used for garden viewing.

The breeding of Prunus plants has traditionally had the saying that "cherry trees are delicious and difficult to plant". When using sexual reproduction, the seeds must be treated with various measures to partially break the deep dormancy, the germination rate is not high, and the traits are not stable. Grafting and ramet propagation using asexual reproduction are easy to succeed, but the reproduction coefficient is too small, which is not convenient for mass promotion and application. Cherry blossom is a tree species that is difficult to root from cuttings. Conventional seedlings are mainly grafted and propagated. In order to speed up the process of seedlings, we explore the technology of seedlings raised from young shoots, which reduces the cost of seedlings and improves the reproduction coefficient. The root system of seedlings is developed and the survival rate is high.

According to the relevant literature, there is no technical standard for cherry blossom cutting and seedling cultivation. Therefore, formulating the technical regulations for cherry blossom cutting and seedling cultivation can promote the cultivation and utilization of cherry blossom viewing and deep processing, increase farmers' income, increase agricultural efficiency, and promote the construction of a beautiful China.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a simple and practical method for asexual directional propagation and seedling cultivation of cherry blossom cuttings.

Realize the technical scheme of the present invention is:

(1) Seedbed

Seedbed requirements: container seedlings should generally be carried out in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, because it is convenient to control temperature and humidity, can create better growth conditions for seedlings, promote the accelerated growth of seedlings, and shorten the time of seedlings.

Seedbed establishment: remove weeds and stones in the nursery, level the land, and use bricks or stones to build seedbeds and trails. The height of the seedbed is 30cm-40cm, the width is 1.0cm-1.2m, and the length is preferably 20m-25m. Build a 40cm wide walkway on both sides of the seedbed, and excavate drainage ditches. Spread 10cm thick cinder on the bottom of the bed, and 30cm thick perlite matrix on the top, spray and disinfect with 0.3% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and pour water thoroughly, and the seedbed is equipped with gap spraying equipment.

(2) Cherry blossom cutting seedlings adopt twig cuttings.

Cutting preparation: From the middle and late June to the first ten days of August every year, select the initially lignified branches of the current year from young mother trees that grow vigorously and have no pests and diseases, and cut them into cuttings with a length of 10cm to 15cm. Keep the top 2 to 3 leaves, and remove the remaining leaves together with the petioles. Cut the cuttings at 1 cm away from the joints, and make a slight slope along the lower joints. Cuttings should be collected and cut with a sharp blade to ensure that the cuts are smooth.

Treatment of cuttings: Straighten out the collected cuttings according to the base and tip, and bundle them, 50 pieces per bundle, put them in a cool place, soak them in 600mg/L carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes, and fully disinfect them. The base of the bar is about 3cm to 4cm inserted in the ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution with a concentration of 50mg/L, and the soaking time should be 5h to 8h. If the rooting powder concentration is 100mg/L, the soaking time should be 2h to 4h. Cuttings are started after the bundle ends are left to dry for half an hour.

Cutting time: In the morning and evening of spring and summer or on cloudy days, cut off the branches and leaves of the cuttings before cutting into the soil.

Cutting method: cut the cuttings in the cutting bed according to the distance between the plants and the row distance of 5 cm. When cutting, first punch holes with a short wood drill slightly thicker than the cuttings, and then put the cuttings into the holes and compact them to make the matrix around the cuttings In close contact with the cuttings, the cutting depth is 4cm to 5cm.

(3) Management after insertion

Immediately water the cuttings thoroughly, turn on the gap spray system, and keep the relative humidity above 95%. The spray gaps are shorter at the beginning of the cuttings, and gradually increase the spray gaps later. Keep the temperature of the seedbed at about 30°C. If it exceeds 35°C, sprinkle water to cool down. About 15 days after cutting, the cuttings start to take root. Generally, after about 25 days, when the cutting roots are 3cm-5cm long and each cutting has 3-5 roots, it can be transplanted.

(4) Transplantation and cultivation

Transplanting time: spring transplanting is generally selected from the first ten days of March to early April, autumn transplanting should be carried out in the middle and late October, and transplanting should be carried out on cloudy days or in the evening.

Transplanting method: Select cutting seedlings that grow vigorously, have no pests and diseases, and have well-developed root systems. According to the goal of seedling cultivation, choose the appropriate spacing between plants and rows. Generally, the spacing between plants is 1.5m~2m, and the row spacing is 2m~3m. quick. About a week before transplanting, reduce water spray and harden seedlings. Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly and cover with sunshade nets for 5-7 days to prevent exposure to the sun.

(5) Field management

Shaping and pruning: After the seedlings are planted, they should be dried at a distance of 100cm to 120cm from the ground, and the target tree shape should be gradually cultivated according to the cultivation requirements. Combined with plastic surgery, cut off withered branches, elongated branches, overlapping branches and diseased and insect branches. Pruning during the growth period is from early May to late August, and pruning during the dormant period is from early December to early March of the following year.

Soil and fertilizer management: Nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used in the early and middle stages of rapid growth of seedlings, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used in the later stages. 2 to 4 times a year, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer applied per mu should be controlled at 50kg to 80kg. Timely watering should be done in dry season to keep the nursery moist; timely drainage should be done in rainy season to prevent stagnant water. Loosen the soil and weed in time to keep the soil loose and free of weeds.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: The main pests of cherry blossom seedlings are: American white moth, apple palm moth, spider mites, aphids, etc. The main disease is crown gall. Prevention and control methods: To control the American white moth and scorpion moth, the net curtain can be cut off at the 1st to 3rd instar larvae stage and concentrated incineration, spraying 1500 times of 26% Avi diflubenzuron or 1000 to 1200 times of Bt insecticide liquid; during the adult eclosion period, hang insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adults; during the pupation period, manually dig the pupae. To control spider mites, during the dormant period, spray 3-5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur mixture; from mid-to-late April to early May, apply phoxim granules to the roots and pour enough water; during the period of major occurrence, spray 10% combined phenthrin EC 3000 times. To control aphids, spray 1500 times liquid of 20% fruit aphid. For the infected seedlings, the method of pulling out is generally adopted, and at the same time, attention should be paid to disinfecting the surrounding soil.

(6) Seedlings out of the nursery

Seedling raising: The cutting seedlings are as high as 35cm; the grafted seedlings can be out of the nursery when the height is more than 50cm. Seedlings can generally be carried out from December to March of the next year. Before the seedlings are raised, water them in an appropriate amount to keep the soil moist. During long-distance transportation, the root system should be muddled.

Seedlings grade: see the grade table 1 of cherry blossom seedlings

Grading table of cherry blossom seedlings 1

Seedlings packaging: Seedlings are bundled in bundles of 50 or 100 plants according to their grades, wrapped in straw bags, woven bags or plastic films; labels are hung to indicate the grade, variety, place of origin, and seeding time of the seedlings.

Seedling transport: When transporting seedlings, cover them with tarpaulins to protect them from sun and wind.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the remarkable advantages of:

1. The present invention improves the seedbed, branch selection, cutting treatment, and post-planting management of cherry blossom cutting seedlings, effectively improves the survival rate of cutting seedlings, increases the supply of cherry blossom seedlings, and reduces the cost of seedling cultivation;

2. The present invention uses the twigs of cherry blossoms as cuttings, and inserts about 3 cm to 4 cm of the base of the cuttings in the ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution with a concentration of 50 mg/L. Under the control of temperature and humidity, the callus is opened for a certain period of time until it takes root to form an independent seedling;

3. The method provides technical support for the cutting propagation and seedling cultivation of cherry blossoms, and can selectively cultivate cherry blossom seedlings according to the purpose of cultivating seedlings, and can provide a feasible solution for a large number of applications in the production of cherry blossom seedlings.

detailed description

In order to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be specifically described below through specific examples.

Example

(1) Seedbed

Seedbed requirements: container seedlings should generally be carried out in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, because it is convenient to control temperature and humidity, can create better growth conditions for seedlings, promote the accelerated growth of seedlings, and shorten the time of seedlings.

Seedbed establishment: remove weeds and stones in the nursery, level the land, and use bricks or stones to build seedbeds and trails. The height of the seedbed is 30cm-40cm, the width is 1.0cm-1.2m, and the length is preferably 20m-25m. Build a 40cm wide walkway on both sides of the seedbed, and excavate drainage ditches. Spread 10cm thick cinder on the bottom of the bed, and 30cm thick perlite matrix on the top, spray and disinfect with 0.3% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and pour water thoroughly, and the seedbed is equipped with gap spraying equipment.

(2) Cherry blossom cutting seedlings adopt twig cuttings.

Cutting preparation: From the middle and late June to the first ten days of August every year, select the initially lignified branches of the current year from young mother trees that grow vigorously and have no pests and diseases, and cut them into cuttings with a length of 10cm to 15cm. Keep the top 2 to 3 leaves, and remove the remaining leaves together with the petioles. Cut the cuttings at 1 cm away from the joints, and make a slight slope along the lower joints. Cuttings should be collected and cut with a sharp blade to ensure that the cuts are smooth.

Treatment of cuttings: Straighten out the collected cuttings according to the base and tip, and bundle them, 50 pieces per bundle, put them in a cool place, soak them in 600mg/L carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes, and fully disinfect them. The base of the bar is about 3cm to 4cm inserted in the ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution with a concentration of 50mg/L, and the soaking time should be 5h to 8h. If the rooting powder concentration is 100mg/L, the soaking time should be 2h to 4h. Cuttings are started after the bundle ends are left to dry for half an hour.

Cutting time: In the morning and evening of spring and summer or on cloudy days, cut off the branches and leaves of the cuttings before cutting into the soil.

Cutting method: cut the cuttings in the cutting bed according to the distance between the plants and the row distance of 5 cm. When cutting, first punch holes with a short wood drill slightly thicker than the cuttings, and then put the cuttings into the holes and compact them to make the matrix around the cuttings In close contact with the cuttings, the cutting depth is 4cm to 5cm.

(3) Management after insertion

Immediately water the cuttings thoroughly, turn on the gap spray system, and keep the relative humidity above 95%. The spray gaps are shorter at the beginning of the cuttings, and gradually increase the spray gaps later. Keep the temperature of the seedbed at about 30°C. If it exceeds 35°C, sprinkle water to cool down. About 15 days after cutting, the cuttings start to take root. Generally, after about 25 days, when the cutting roots are 3cm-5cm long and each cutting has 3-5 roots, it can be transplanted.

(4) Transplantation and cultivation

Transplanting time: spring transplanting is generally selected from the first ten days of March to early April, autumn transplanting should be carried out in the middle and late October, and transplanting should be carried out on cloudy days or in the evening.

Transplanting method: choose cutting seedlings with strong growth, no pests and diseases, and well-developed root system or grafted seedlings 1 to 2 years old. According to the goal of seedling cultivation, choose the appropriate spacing between plants and rows. Generally, the spacing between plants is 1.5m~2m, and the row spacing is 2m~3m. quick. About a week before transplanting, reduce water spray and harden seedlings. Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly, and the cuttings should be covered with sunshade nets for 5-7 days to prevent exposure to the sun.

(5) Field management

Shaping and pruning: After the seedlings are planted, they should be dried at a distance of 100cm to 120cm from the ground, and the target tree shape should be gradually cultivated according to the cultivation requirements. Combined with plastic surgery, cut off withered branches, elongated branches, overlapping branches and diseased and insect branches. Pruning during the growth period is from early May to late August, and pruning during the dormant period is from early December to early March of the following year.

Soil and fertilizer management: Nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used in the early and middle stages of rapid growth of seedlings, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used in the later stages. 2 to 4 times a year, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer applied per mu should be controlled at 50kg to 80kg. Timely watering should be done in dry season to keep the nursery moist; timely drainage should be done in rainy season to prevent stagnant water. Loosen the soil and weed in time to keep the soil loose and free of weeds.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: The main pests of cherry blossom seedlings are: American white moth, apple palm moth, spider mites, aphids, etc. The main disease is crown gall. Prevention and control methods: To control the American white moth and scorpion moth, the net curtain can be cut off at the 1st to 3rd instar larvae stage and concentrated incineration, spraying 1500 times of 26% Avi diflubenzuron or 1000 to 1200 times of Bt insecticide liquid; during the adult eclosion period, hang insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adults; during the pupation period, manually dig the pupae. To control spider mites, during the dormant period, spray 3-5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur mixture; from mid-to-late April to early May, apply phoxim granules to the roots and pour enough water; during the period of major occurrence, spray 10% combined phenthrin EC 3000 times. To control aphids, spray 1500 times liquid of 20% fruit aphid. For the infected seedlings, the method of pulling out is generally adopted, and at the same time, attention should be paid to disinfecting the surrounding soil.

(6) Seedlings out of the nursery

Seedling raising: The cutting seedlings are as high as 35cm; the grafted seedlings can be out of the nursery when the height is more than 50cm. Seedlings can generally be carried out from December to March of the next year. Before the seedlings are raised, water them in an appropriate amount to keep the soil moist. During long-distance transportation, the root system should be muddled.

Seedlings grade: see the grade table 1 of cherry blossom seedlings

Grading table of cherry blossom seedlings 1

Seedlings packaging: Seedlings are bundled in bundles of 50 or 100 plants according to their grades, wrapped in straw bags, woven bags or plastic films; labels are hung to indicate the grade, variety, place of origin, and seeding time of the seedlings.

Seedling transport: When transporting seedlings, cover them with tarpaulins to protect them from sun and wind.

Effect description:

The present invention uses the twigs of cherry blossoms as cuttings, straightens the collected cuttings according to the base and tip, puts them into 600mg/L carbendazim solution and soaks them for 5min to 10min, fully sterilizes them, and makes the base of the cuttings about 3cm~ Insert 4cm into the ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution with a concentration of 50mg/L. The soaking time should be 5h~8h. If the concentration of rooting powder is 100mg/L, the soaking time should be 2h~4h. After drying for half an hour, start cuttings. Immediately water the cuttings thoroughly, turn on the gap spray system, and keep the relative humidity above 95%. The spray gaps are shorter at the beginning of the cuttings, and gradually increase the spray gaps later. Keep the temperature of the seedbed at about 30°C. If it exceeds 35°C, sprinkle water to cool down. About 15 days after cutting, the cuttings start to take root. Generally, after about 25 days, when the cutting roots are 3cm-5cm long and each cutting has 3-5 roots, it can be transplanted.

Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. a method for growing seedlings by cuttings of cherry blossoms, characterized in that it may further comprise the steps: (1) Nursery and seedbed preparation, For the nursery, choose a flat land with complete ditches and good soil properties or a hilly plot with a slope of less than 20°. The seedbed is 30cm-40cm high, 1.0cm-1.2m wide, and 20m-25m long. Drainage ditch, the bottom of the seedbed is covered with 10cm thick cinder, and the upper layer is covered with 30cm thick perlite substrate, sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, watered thoroughly and equipped with gap spray equipment; (2) cuttings collection and cuttings processing, Cuttings are selected from the branches of the young mother tree of cherry blossoms that are initially lignified in the current year. The length of the cuttings is 10cm to 15cm, and the top 2 to 3 leaves are reserved on each branch. Slightly slope along the bottom of the node, and the incision is flat; straighten the collected cuttings according to the base and tip, soak in 600mg/L carbendazim solution for 5min-10min, fully disinfect, insert the base of the cuttings in the rooting powder Soak in the solution, and after soaking, let the tip of the whole bundle face down to dry for half an hour before cutting; (3) Cutting and post-planting management, Put the cuttings in the cutting bed according to the plant spacing of 3cm and the row spacing of 5cm, and the cutting depth is 4cm to 5cm; water the cuttings immediately after cutting, and keep the relative humidity above 95%; (4) Transplant seedling cultivation, When the roots of the cuttings are 3cm to 5cm long, each cutting can be transplanted when there are 3 to 5 roots. The cutting spacing is 1.5m to 2m, and the row spacing is 2m to 3m; (5) Field management, including soil and fertilizer management, pruning of seedlings and pest control, The shaping and pruning of seedlings should be done at a distance of 100cm to 120cm from the ground after planting, and the target tree shape should be gradually cultivated according to the cultivation requirements; pruning during the growth period is from early May to late August, and pruning during the dormant period is from early December to the next year. carried out in the first ten days of the month; For soil and fertilizer management, nitrogen fertilizers should be used in the early and mid-term, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used in the later stage, 2 to 4 times a year, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers per mu should be 50kg to 80kg; (6) Seedlings out of the nursery, including seedling raising, grading, packaging, transportation and quarantine; From December to March of the next year, the cutting seedlings can be as high as 35cm, and the grafted seedlings can be out of the nursery when the height of the grafted seedlings is more than 50cm. Before raising the seedlings, water them properly and keep the soil moist. . 2. the method for cherry blossom cutting seedling cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), rooting powder is ABT rooting powder No. 1, and cutting base is inserted in the ABT rooting powder that concentration is 50mg/L Soak in No. 1 solution for 5h to 8h, or insert it in ABT rooting powder No. 1 solution with a concentration of 100mg/L and soak for 2h to 4h. 3. The method for raising seedlings by cuttings of cherry blossoms according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (4), the transplanted seedlings are selected to grow robustly, have no damage by diseases and insect pests, and have well-developed root systems, and cover them with sunshade nets for 5 to 7 days . 4. the method for cherry blossom cutting seedling raising according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the insect pest of disease and insect pest control described in the described step (5) has American white moth, apple palm moth, spider mite, aphid, and disease is crown gall disease.