CN103039278B - Bud-stock grafting method for camellia oleifera abel green branch with leaves - Google Patents
Bud-stock grafting method for camellia oleifera abel green branch with leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bud-stock grafting method for a camellia oleifera abel green branch with leaves. According to the method, a half-lignified green branch which is selected as a scion is grafted onto a nutritional bag stock seedling. A method for raising the green branch seedling with leaves through bud-stock grafting comprises the following steps of: seeding in a sand bed, bedding out at the seedling stage, and transplanting a nutrient cultivation stock seedling, wherein a stock is a camellia oleifera abel seedling, so that the root system is developed, and the capacity of absorbing inorganic nutrients and water is strong; the lignification degree of the scion is low, and tissue cells are active, so that a callus is formed quickly; and the reserved leaves can perform photosynthesis to generate organic nutrients for healing a graft union, so that the grafting survival rate is high, and the survival rate of forestation on mountains is higher than that of bud-stock grafted seedlings. Therefore, by adopting a novel technology of clonal reproduction for grafting the half-lignified green branch with the leaves, the grafting survival rate is more than 90 percent, the height of an annual grafted seedling is higher than 40cm, the ground diameter of the annual grafted seedling is 0.4cm, the root system is developed, the survival rate of the afforestation on the mountains is high, and stock seedlings of all seedling ages can be grafted all the year round as long as the stock seedlings have half-lignified green branches. The bud-stock grafting method for the camellia oleifera abel green branch with the leaves is suitable for large-scale industrial seedling raising application and the like. By adopting the novel bud-stock grafting method, the technical problem of low survival rate of forestation planting by using the bud-stock grafted seedlings is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural science and technology, the green branch band of especially a kind of oil tea leaf seedling stock grafting method.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abe1), belong to the evergreen dungarunga of Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (Camellia L), China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, it and olive, oil palm, coconut and be called the large traditional oil tree in the world four, with Chinese tallow tree, tung oil tree and walnut and be called the large traditional oil tree of China four.Tea oil look clear taste perfume (or spice), nutritious, storage tolerance, is the edible health-care oil of high-quality, also can make lubricating oil, antirust oil is made iundustrial oil.Seedling forestation needs 8～10 years can result, and grafting bears fruit for 3～4 years, bears fruit ahead of time 5～6 years.Stiff wood grafting, wooden crisp hard, be difficult to grafting survival.Grafting is all to adopt bud stock grafting to cultivate, that bud stock grafting seedling growth is slow, root system is weak, grafting mouth is low, field planting root system buries is shallow, the afforestation of going up a hill is planted seedlings, and survival rate is low, and grafting requires very strict to stock, stock seedling age is large, nutrient consumption in the high cotyledon of wooden degree is many, and graft survival rate is low; Stock seedling age is little, organize young Tender getting anvil, wash anvil, easily damage young shoot and the cotyledon petiole that fractures affect graft survival rate in the process such as grafting, cultivation seedling.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the green branch band of a kind of oil tea leaf seedling stock grafting method is provided, it has improved graft survival rate, seedling quality, survival rate, the reduction cost of forestation of planting seedlings of going up a hill, graft survival rate is not affected by time and stock seedling age, and Zhou Nianjun can grafting, is applicable to large-scale industrialized growing seedlings.
The present invention is achieved in that the green branch band leaf of oil tea seedling stock grafting method, the raw semi-lignified then of the peripheral middle and upper part of clip elite stand tree crown, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm is as fringe bar; The fringe bar of collection is started upwards to cut and get successively from base portion, scion is held between left hand thumb and middle finger, one side is close in forefinger tip, and at the cutter of splaying apart from the 3～4cm of bastem portion place, inclined-plane is at 45 °; The scion of overturning is again flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, the long 2.2cm of bevel, finally above bud point, O.5cm locate oblique partial application, cut off scion, the short fringe of leaf one bud, bevel guarantees smooth, smooth, clean, the scion of cutting is immersed in clear water stand-by, and soak time is no more than 1 hour; Anvil seedling is transported on grafting workbench, and from anvil height of seedling, 10～12cm wipes out top, and clip scabbles with scraper, then from vertical partial application between xylem and cortex, incision length is 2cm, is shorter than scion bevel length 2mm; By having cut the long bevel of stand-by scion, towards stock xylem, insert otch, form layer alignment or one side alignment, with binding strap, spiral tighten is sturdy from bottom to up; Seedling after grafting is moved into the moisturizing of plastic film canopy immediately, and 600 times of liquid of carbendazim that after row's seedling, before epiphragma, spray mass concentration is 40%, after spray build film surrounding soil compaction moisturizing; After grafting 28～35 days, when grafting have 50% for the first time the tip aging after, once topdress, film canopy cover two is opened simultaneously, hardening all removes film after 6～8 days again, then after 10～15 hardening, cool canopy is removed, when grafting take out 2～3 tips aging after, height of seedling reaches 40cm when above, can go out the garden field planting of going up a hill.
It after grafting, about 20 days, is the critical period of Survival rate of nursery stock.If chance high temperature and drought, easily causes nursery stock to burn, should increase covering and reduce light transmittance.Long-term overcast and rainy, subterranean water level promotion, easily causes root rot, should strengthen ventilation wet down, film two can be opened, and is beneficial to ventilatedly, and ditch cleaning drains the water away simultaneously.After grafting about 30 days. grafting is healed substantially, and stock can grow rudiment simultaneously, and rudiment should be erased in time, otherwise can affect the sprout growth of graft survival rate and scion.Under hot and humid condition, weed growth is fast, should pull out in time, in order to avoid affect seedling growth to weeds.Weeding and except sprout can be in conjunction with carrying out.When except preemergence herbicidal, often to open a film and all will spray 600 times of liquid of 1 40% carbendazim, spray value is determined according to seedbed humidity.
Cultivation process for the anvil seedling of grafting is, will remove exocarp for the seed of cultivating stock, is dipped in running water approximately 24 hours, removes the seed of swimming, then waterlogging goes out all the other seeds and be placed in ventilation and dry, and after planting shell surface dry, carries out sand Tibetan; Husky hide sowing and carry out simultaneously, husky bedside 1 m, gesture and determine longways, spreads river sand 15cm thick in bed; Husky seed sprouting hole to be lain against to husky bed while hiding sowing upper, but do not contact with each other, and broadcasts that rear with river sand, to cover 4～6cm thick, then with film, covers, and keeps husky Tibetan of husky bed insulation humectation; To the mid-April of the 2nd year open film water 1 time permeable, the bonnet that waters returns film, with backsight weather condition and a husky bed water regime, water, to keep the moistening vernalization of husky bed (be generally 10 to sow to November then, gather in the crops Seed of Camellia oleifera then just sow); Next year after planting (probably in April to May), work as seed sprouting, and bud is while growing to 5～8cm, full seedling continuous cropping root is dug out, and dislocation, in nutritious bag, calculates by weight, Nutrition Soil comprises 5 parts of topsoil soil, 2 parts of yellow soils, 2 parts of decomposed cow dungs and 2 parts of decomposed oil cake; Earth, by seed drowning, by after soil pressure reality, irrigates normal root water, nutritious bag is placed in to seedbed management simultaneously; After transplanted seedling survives, often take out a tip and impose once-combined fertilizer, and keep soil gentle, through taking out for the first time the tip, can carry out grafting after aging.During transplanting, should, with rising with planting, can not put for a long time, can not hinder root, damage cotyledon.
The fringe bar gathering is put into immediately clear water and is soaked, and after drying water, packs into immediately in moisture-keeping container, is positioned over frescade and preserves, and in 24h, complete grafting.Adopt fringe bar and be preferably in and carry out early morning, branch and leaf contain more moisture, favourable to grafting survival.
The same day, exhaustless fringe bar, was inserted in its base portion on indoor thin wet river sand, covered after plastic film, and surrounding compacting is preserved; Used time taking-up is rinsed river sand well with clear water; Or exhaustless same day fringe bar is spread to shady and cool place with plastic bag sealing, being taken out every day breathes freely and put in cooling water soaks cooling 4～5 minutes, after drying water, puts into sealed plastic bag moisturizing again; Remote allocation and transportation, must gather fringe bar in the shady and cool time, every 40～5O bar one is bundled in base portion and tightens, and wraps up base portion with wet cotton, and base portion down, pack plastic sack into or in other, be covered with in the case, frame of plastic film, after blade face water spray is moistening, film surrounding is banded to sealing, moisturizing, transport to behind grafting ground, take out immediately and put into cooling water immersion cooling, after drying water, be inserted on indoor river sand and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
Nursery stock moves into neat discharge in moisturizing film canopy, and blade is not contacted with shed film, and after row's seedling, 600 times of liquid of spray 40% carbendazim before epiphragma, after spray build film surrounding soil compaction moisturizing.
The concrete mode of scion colligation is, pinches stock and scion with left hand thumb and forefinger, and the right hand is taken binding strap first in the middle of stock and scion intersect, to tie up two circles and fixed scion, more spiral colligation from bottom to up, after colligation, with pointing, gently proposes scion, can not come off; The nursery stock connecting is placed on cool place and sentences standby row, and builds with wet cloth, avoids solar radiation.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention selects the green branch of half lignify to do the rootstock seedling phase grafting of growing directly from seeds of scion and nutritious bag, green branch band leaf seedling anvil graft seedling growth is with the husky sowing in bed kind of seed Seedling Stage, to transplant seedlings to plant into nutrition to cultivate rootstock seedling, because stock is oil tea seedling, well developed root system, absorbs inorganic nutrients and moisture ability strong; The degree of lignification of scion is low, and histocyte is active, forms callus fast, and the blade of reservation can carry out photosynthesis and manufacture the healing of organic nutrient supply grafting mouth, so graft survival rate is high, the survival rate of going up a hill is than bud stock grafting height of seedling; Therefore, adopt the innovative technology of the clonal reproduction of the green branch of semi-lignified with leaf grafting, graft survival rate is up to more than 90%, more than annual grafting height of seedling can reach 40cm, leading thread reaches 0.4cm, no matter well developed root system, the survival rate of going up a hill are high, grafting stock seedling age size, as long as there is the green branch of half lignify, throughout the year all can grafting, be suitable for the large-scale industrialized advantages such as application of growing seedlings.The application of this innovative approach, has solved the bud stock grafting seedling afforestation low technical barrier of survival rate that plants seedlings.The present invention is simple, with low cost, and result of use is good.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention: the green branch band of oil tea leaf seedling stock grafting method:
To remove exocarp for the seed of cultivating stock, be dipped in running water approximately 24 hours, remove the seed of swimming, then waterlogging goes out all the other seeds and be placed in ventilation and dry, to planting, carry out sand after shell surface dry and hide; Husky hide sowing and carry out simultaneously, husky bedside 1 m, gesture and determine longways, spreads river sand 15cm thick in bed; Husky seed sprouting hole to be lain against to husky bed while hiding sowing upper, but do not contact with each other, and broadcasts that rear with river sand, to cover 4～6cm thick, then with film, covers, and keeps husky Tibetan of husky bed insulation humectation; To the mid-April of the 2nd year open film water 1 time permeable, the bonnet that waters returns film, waters, to keep the moistening vernalization of husky bed with backsight weather condition and a husky bed water regime; Next year after planting, work as seed sprouting, and bud is while growing to 5～8cm, and full seedling continuous cropping root is dug out, and dislocation, in nutritious bag, calculates by weight, and Nutrition Soil comprises 5 parts of topsoil soil, 2 parts of yellow soils, 2 parts of decomposed cow dungs and 2 parts of decomposed oil cake; Earth, by seed drowning, by after soil pressure reality, irrigates normal root water, nutritious bag is placed in to seedbed management simultaneously; After transplanted seedling survives, often take out a tip and impose once-combined fertilizer, and keep soil gentle, through taking out for the first time the tip, can carry out grafting after aging.
Sterilize wholely: weed a garden, stone riprap and root stubble, quicklime 750kg for per hectare, worm spirit 30kg be spread on soil table, then with rotovator, plough dark 25cm and mix medicine and bury, carry out the processing of soil insect-killing sterilizing; Seedbed makes: the wide 100cm of bed surface, long determines height of bed 10cm, furrow width 50cm because of physical features.Get long 200cm, the bamboo chip of wide 2cm, interval 60cm a slice, curves arch across two, insertion seedbed, bed surface two ends, covers plastic film, and row's seedling rear film surrounding is obturaged with soil compaction.Set up cool canopy: before grafting, put up cool canopy, the shading screen of the high 1.8～2.0m upper cover of cool canopy obscurity 70%, surrounding is enclosed tight sturdy with shading screen, also can make shade material with things such as Chinese fir twig, straw screen or mat.Utensil article are prepared: before grafting, first will be ready to the apparatus such as grafting workbench, the binding strap (long 10cm, wide 1cm) of wrapping up use, grafting knife, secateurs, towel, basin.
The raw semi-lignified then of the peripheral middle and upper part of clip elite stand tree crown, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm is as fringe bar, the fringe bar gathering is put into immediately clear water and is soaked, after drying water, pack into immediately in moisture-keeping container, be positioned over frescade and preserve, and in 24h, complete grafting; The fringe bar of collection is started upwards to cut and get successively from base portion, scion is held between left hand thumb and middle finger, one side is close in forefinger tip, and at the cutter of splaying apart from the 3～4cm of bastem portion place, inclined-plane is at 45 °; The scion of overturning is again flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, the long 2.2cm of bevel, finally above bud point, O.5cm locate oblique partial application, cut off scion, the short fringe of leaf one bud, bevel guarantees smooth, smooth, clean, the scion of cutting is immersed in clear water stand-by, and soak time is no more than 1 hour; Anvil seedling is transported on grafting workbench, and from anvil height of seedling, 10～12cm wipes out top, and clip scabbles with scraper, then from vertical partial application between xylem and cortex, incision length is 2cm, is shorter than scion bevel length 2mm; By having cut the long bevel of stand-by scion, towards stock xylem, insert otch, form layer alignment or one side alignment, with binding strap, spiral tighten is sturdy from bottom to up, the concrete mode of scion colligation is, pinch stock and scion with left hand thumb and forefinger, the right hand takes binding strap first in the middle of stock and scion intersect, to tie up the fixing scion of two circles, spiral colligation from bottom to up again, gently proposes scion with finger after colligation, can not come off; The nursery stock connecting is placed on cool place and sentences standby row, and builds with wet cloth, avoids solar radiation; Seedling after grafting is moved into the moisturizing of plastic film canopy immediately, nursery stock moves into neat discharge in moisturizing film canopy, blade is not contacted with shed film, avoid the film blade of burning to affect graft survival rate, 600 times of liquid of carbendazim that after row's seedling, before epiphragma, spray mass concentration is 40%, after spray build film surrounding soil compaction moisturizing; After grafting 28～35 days, when grafting have 50% for the first time the tip aging after, once topdress, film canopy cover two is opened simultaneously, hardening all removes film after 6～8 days again, then after 10～15 hardening, cool canopy is removed, when grafting take out 2～3 tips aging after, height of seedling reaches 40cm when above, can go out the garden field planting of going up a hill.
The same day, exhaustless fringe bar, was inserted in its base portion on indoor thin wet river sand, covered after plastic film, and surrounding compacting is preserved; Used time taking-up is rinsed river sand well with clear water; Or exhaustless same day fringe bar is spread to shady and cool place with plastic bag sealing, being taken out every day breathes freely and put in cooling water soaks cooling 4～5 minutes, after drying water, puts into sealed plastic bag moisturizing again; Remote allocation and transportation, must gather fringe bar in the shady and cool time, every 40～5O bar one is bundled in base portion and tightens, and wraps up base portion with wet cotton, and base portion down, pack plastic sack into or in other, be covered with in the case, frame of plastic film, after blade face water spray is moistening, film surrounding is banded to sealing, moisturizing, transport to behind grafting ground, take out immediately and put into cooling water immersion cooling, after drying water, be inserted on indoor river sand and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
Claims (5)
1. the green branch band leaf of an oil tea seedling stock grafting method, is characterized in that: the raw semi-lignified then of the peripheral middle and upper part of clip elite stand tree crown, grow enrich, healthy and strong, axillalry bud is full, the branch on the sunny side of anosis worm is as fringe bar; The fringe bar of collection is started upwards to cut and get successively from base portion, scion is held between left hand thumb and middle finger, one side is close in forefinger tip, and at the cutter of splaying apart from the 3～4cm of bastem portion place, inclined-plane is at 45 °; The scion of overturning is again flat cuts a cutter, deeply reaches xylem, the long 2.2cm of bevel, finally above bud point, O.5cm locate oblique partial application, cut off scion, the short fringe of leaf one bud, bevel guarantees smooth, smooth, clean, the scion of cutting is immersed in clear water stand-by, and soak time is no more than 1 hour; Anvil seedling is transported on grafting workbench, and from anvil height of seedling, 10～12cm wipes out top, and clip scabbles with scraper, then from vertical partial application between xylem and cortex, incision length is 2cm, is shorter than scion bevel length 2mm; By having cut the long bevel of stand-by scion, towards stock xylem, insert otch, form layer alignment or one side alignment, with binding strap, spiral tighten is sturdy from bottom to up; Seedling after grafting is moved into the moisturizing of plastic film canopy immediately, and 600 times of liquid of carbendazim that after row's seedling, before epiphragma, spray mass concentration is 40%, after spray build film surrounding soil compaction moisturizing; After grafting 28～35 days, when grafting have 50% for the first time the tip aging after, once topdress, film canopy cover two is opened simultaneously, hardening all removes film after 6～8 days again, then after 10～15 hardening, cool canopy is removed, when grafting take out 2～3 tips aging after, height of seedling reaches 40cm when above, can go out the garden field planting of going up a hill; Cultivation process for the anvil seedling of grafting is, will remove exocarp for the seed of cultivating stock, is dipped in running water approximately 24 hours, removes the seed of swimming, then waterlogging goes out all the other seeds and be placed in ventilation and dry, and after planting shell surface dry, carries out sand Tibetan; Husky hide sowing and carry out simultaneously, husky bedside 1 m, gesture and determine longways, spreads river sand 15cm thick in bed; Husky seed sprouting hole to be lain against to husky bed while hiding sowing upper, but do not contact with each other, and broadcasts that rear with river sand, to cover 4～6cm thick, then with film, covers, and keeps husky Tibetan of husky bed insulation humectation; To the mid-April of the 2nd year open film water 1 time permeable, the bonnet that waters returns film, waters, to keep the moistening vernalization of husky bed with backsight weather condition and a husky bed water regime; Next year after planting, work as seed sprouting, and bud is while growing to 5～8cm, and full seedling continuous cropping root is dug out, and dislocation, in nutritious bag, calculates by weight, and Nutrition Soil comprises 5 parts of topsoil soil, 2 parts of yellow soils, 2 parts of decomposed cow dungs and 2 parts of decomposed oil cake; Earth, by seed drowning, by after soil pressure reality, irrigates normal root water, nutritious bag is placed in to seedbed management simultaneously; After transplanted seedling survives, often take out a tip and impose once-combined fertilizer, and keep soil gentle, through taking out for the first time the tip, can carry out grafting after aging.
2. the green branch band of oil tea according to claim 1 leaf seedling stock grafting method, is characterized in that: the fringe bar of collection is put into immediately clear water and soaked, and after drying water, packs into immediately in moisture-keeping container, is positioned over frescade and preserves, and in 24h, complete grafting.
3. the green branch band leaf of oil tea according to claim 1 seedling stock grafting method, is characterized in that: the same day exhaustless fringe bar, its base portion is inserted on indoor thin wet river sand, cover after plastic film, surrounding compacting is preserved; Used time taking-up is rinsed river sand well with clear water; Or exhaustless same day fringe bar is spread to shady and cool place with plastic bag sealing, being taken out every day breathes freely and put in cooling water soaks cooling 4～5 minutes, after drying water, puts into sealed plastic bag moisturizing again; Remote allocation and transportation, must gather fringe bar in the shady and cool time, every 40～5O bar one is bundled in base portion and tightens, and wraps up base portion with wet cotton, and base portion down, pack plastic sack into or in other, be covered with in the case, frame of plastic film, after blade face water spray is moistening, film surrounding is banded to sealing, moisturizing, transport to behind grafting ground, take out immediately and put into cooling water immersion cooling, after drying water, be inserted on indoor river sand and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
4. the green branch band of oil tea according to claim 1 leaf seedling stock grafting method, it is characterized in that: nursery stock moves into neat discharge in moisturizing film canopy, blade is not contacted with shed film, and after row's seedling, 600 times of liquid of spray 40% carbendazim before epiphragma, after spray build film surrounding soil compaction moisturizing.
5. the green branch band of oil tea according to claim 1 leaf seedling stock grafting method, it is characterized in that: the concrete mode of scion colligation is, pinch stock and scion with left hand thumb and forefinger, the right hand takes binding strap first in the middle of stock and scion intersect, to tie up the fixing scion of two circles, spiral colligation from bottom to up again, after colligation, with finger, gently propose scion, can not come off; The nursery stock connecting is placed on cool place and sentences standby row, and builds with wet cloth, avoids solar radiation.
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| CN108040733A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-18 | 湖北瑞晟生物有限责任公司 | A kind of technology for the grafting success rate for improving Camellia nitidissima |
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