CN110036895A - A kind of oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036895A CN110036895A CN201910313678.8A CN201910313678A CN110036895A CN 110036895 A CN110036895 A CN 110036895A CN 201910313678 A CN201910313678 A CN 201910313678A CN 110036895 A CN110036895 A CN 110036895A
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- oil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention belongs to oil tea Cultivating techniques fields, disclose a kind of oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method, using Nurse seed grafting method for culturing seedlings, the oil-tea sprout cultivated in sand bed is exactly used to be cut into several sections as stock, then fringe bar is whittled into double inclined plane wedge shape from two sides below petiole with single-edge blade, diclinic section is intersected in middle medulla.Again being opened from stock middle vertical cut, scion is aligned insertion stock, clutches graft union with aluminium foil, scion of being subject to is not fallen off.After graft union is held tightly, grafting is entered bag immediately it is discharged on seedbed to carry out disinfection and close.Multilayer seedbed of the present invention seedling-raising technique can improve intensive seedling production degree and shorten seedling raise period.Sprout multistage utilization technology, can improve the utilization rate of sprout.Sprout stock and the accurate knife incision technology of scion, can accelerate interface healing time.The closing of seedbed film and segmentation membrane removal hardening technology, can improve survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil tea Cultivating techniques fields more particularly to a kind of oil tea to graft seeding cultivating method.
Background technique
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel), belong to Theaceae, be China mainly and distinctive woody oleiferous plants tree.Oil
The tea tree service life is long, adaptable, and hills, mountainous region, limes marginis, roadside can be grown, and does not strive ground with grain, cotton.Oil tea can not only afforest
Deserted mountain conserves water and soil, and sand-proof ability is strong, while being that the smooth energy of a kind of broad-leaved evergreen, Ye Houge matter, and trunk plays fire prevention work
Therefore and the fine tree species of fire forest belt with.Oil tea start bearing age because modes of reproduction difference due to it is different, grow directly from seeds oil tea 6-8
Just start in year solid, 10 years into the best fruiting period；Start as a result, the 4th year goes into operation within grafting 3 years, 7-8 enters the best fruiting period.Oil
For tea under good management condition, the best fruiting period can maintain 25-40.Its seed can extract oil (tea oil) it is edible, the clear taste of tea oil color
Perfume (or spice), full of nutrition, storage tolerance are high-end edible vegetable oil；Also industrial lubricating oil, antirust oil be can be used as.Tea cake can be made into
Pesticide and fertilizer, and extractable saponin and albumen.Pericarp is the raw material for obtaining through refining tannin extract, may be made as active carbon.According to state, the U.S.
Family doctor beast center experiment confirms: tea oil has certain effect to cholesterol and anticancer is reduced, and is claimed " long life oil " in the world.Mesh
Preceding country oil tea oil per kilogram price about 120-300 member, Hainan oil tea oil price lattice per kilogram are up to 500 yuan or more.China
It is the source area of oil tea, has cultivation in more than 2000 years and using history, with olive, oil palm, coconut and the referred to as big wood in the world four
This oilseed plant, with Chinese tallow tree, tung oil tree and walnut and the referred to as big traditional oil tree in China four.Since the 21th century, China's oil
Tea industry development is very fast, and construction of base gradually expands, and oil tea product deep process technology is continuously improved with technique.Central and local governments' political affairs
Camellia oleiferaindustry development is sufficiently paid attention at mansion, puts into effect multinomial preferential, support policy, has greatly transferred each side and has developed oil tea production
The enthusiasm of industry, camellia oleiferaindustry welcomes the new opportunity of development best in history, into Rapid development stage.In national recent years
In the case of pushing oil tea plantation energetically, camellia oleifera lam is increased newly area and is increased with annual millions of mu of speed.Currently, China is oily
Tea area produces 450000 tons of tea oil, 39,000,000,000 yuan of the output value or more per year there are about more than 5,500 ten thousand mu, about 3,850,000 hectares.It is concentrated mainly on lake
The ground such as south, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, only Hunan yield just accounts for national oil
The tea-oil tree yield in 40% or more tea yield, Hunan and Jiangxi, which adds up, accounts for the whole nation 70%；Hainan oil tea, which shows cultivated area, to be had more than 50,000
Mu, plans to be expanded to 800,000 mu (5.4 ten thousand hectares) or more in 4 years.Woody oleiferous plants as vegetable oil material important type and can be again
Production-goods source is the important sources of healthy high-quality edible plant oil, and the strategic materials that country is important, is sent out in countries in the world oil plant
It is paid high attention to and is paid attention in exhibition strategy.Currently, China's edible oil degree of self-sufficiency less than 40%, is lower than world security warning line
(50%), it largely relies on import, and import volume is in rising year by year trend, seeks new vegetable oil production growth point and carved not allowing
It is slow.By China's cultivated area limited, grain and oil strive etc. factors restrict, it is simple to be difficult to solve by developing traditional draft oil crops
Certainly edible oil imbalance between supply and demand, edible oil materials woodyization have become the important channel for solving edible oil wretched insufficiency and development trend.
Woody oleiferous plants tree, which has, comforts that pipe is extensive, production cost is low, unit area oil production is high, oil quality is good, does not strive with traditional agriculture
The advantages such as ground, the market demand be big and profitable on ecology.Woody oleiferous plants industry is greatly developed, is conducive to excavate forest land resource potentiality,
To the adjustment structure of rural undertaking, peasant employment is promoted to increase income and local economy all-round social development, alleviation edible vegetable oil supply
Pressure, and improve living environment, ecological dominance is activated, boosting green emerges, and maintenance ecology and grain and oil all have safely very
Important meaning.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is: low output becomes the existing portion of bottleneck problem of China oil tea development
Dividing camellia oleifera lam is all old residual woods of growing directly from seeds mostly, and yearly rate-oil production is low, seriously reduces the enthusiasm of peasant planting.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of oil teas to graft seeding cultivating method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of oil tea grafts seeding cultivating method, the oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method is used
Nurse seed grafting method for culturing seedlings exactly uses the oil-tea sprout cultivated in sand bed to be cut into several sections as stock, then uses single side
Fringe bar is whittled into double inclined plane wedge shape from two sides below petiole by blade, and diclinic section is intersected in middle medulla.Again from stock just
Intermediate vertical cut is opened, and scion is aligned insertion stock, clutches graft union with aluminium foil, scion of being subject to is not fallen off.After graft union is held tightly,
It grafting is entered bag is immediately discharged on seedbed to carry out disinfection and close.
Further, the oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method specifically includes:
The first step was cleaned up Seed of Camellia oleifera with clear water, then with potassium permanganate dehydration disinfection about 15 minutes；Sanitized
Afterwards, then with clear water ten hours are impregnated；With three layers of river sand point, stock length to 20-25cm grafting after seed immersion is full；
Second step builds Simple pergola with 85% shading net in nursery；First with carbendazim solution to nursery earth bag
After carrying out disinfection, then sprout stock seedling planted in the nursery earth bag of 7 × 11cm, and is watered with root water；
Third step, every row pouch plants the sealing of sprout stock Miao Houyong transparent plastic film covering 60 days in cool canopy；It is small in film
Seedling graft union healing in 15 days under aqueous vapor, temperature action；
4th step, after the healing of seedling grafting mouth, seedling bud point is longer, film continuous 6 days experienced seedlings is opened from both ends, after the 7th day
It watered film is fully open, is applied fertilizer, removes shady seedling, weeds management again；
5th step is opened after film in the management process, it is found that insect pest or disease laxative should be handled in time；The nursery stock 30cm that grows tall goes out
Garden plant.
Further, with river sand point three layers of first layer 30cm, second layer 20cm, third after the first step seed immersion is full
Layer 20cm.
Further, 1.2 × 15m of every row pouch specification in the third step cool canopy.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows: percentage of seedgermination of the invention is up to 95% or more；Multilayer sand bed cultivates anvil
Wood, average every sprout are cut into 2 sections, and intensive seedling production degree improves 2 times or more；Artificial grafting ability, for each person every day up to 3000
Strain, every plant of cost are lower than 0.1 yuan；Plant percent is up to 85% or more；Cost savings are than other 30% or more method for culturing seedlings；5. year
800,000 plants of nursery ability, excellent oil tea can be provided and plant 10,000 mu.Economic indicator: cultivation nursery stock economic value is up to 2,800,000 yuan, benefit
Moisten 1,200,000 yuan.
Multilayer seedbed of the present invention seedling-raising technique can improve intensive seedling production degree and shorten seedling raise period.Sprout multistage benefit
With technology, the utilization rate of sprout can be improved.Sprout stock and the accurate knife incision technology of scion, can accelerate interface healing time.Seedbed is thin
Film closing and segmentation membrane removal hardening technology, can improve survival rate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Application principle of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, oil tea provided in an embodiment of the present invention grafting seeding cultivating method the following steps are included:
S101: first being cleaned up Seed of Camellia oleifera with clear water, then with potassium permanganate dehydration disinfection about 15 minutes；Sanitized
Afterwards, then with clear water ten hours are impregnated；With river sand point three layers of (first layer 30cm, second layer 20cm, third after seed immersion is full
Layer 20cm) vernalization (about two months) are covered, stock length to 20-25cm can be grafted；
S102: a Simple pergola is built with 85% shading net in nursery；First with carbendazim solution to nursery soil
After bag carries out disinfection, then sprout stock seedling planted in the nursery earth bag of 7 × 11cm, and is watered with root water；
S103: every row pouch (1.2 × 15m of specification) plants the sealing covering of sprout stock Miao Houyong transparent plastic film in cool canopy
60 days；Seedling about 15 days graft unions under aqueous vapor, temperature action slowly heal in film；
S104: after the healing of seedling grafting mouth, seedling bud point slowly grows, and about 85% seedling bud grows 10cm or so, from both ends
Film continuous 6 days experienced seedlings are opened, again by the fully open management such as watered, apply fertilizer, remove shady seedling, weeds of film after the 7th day；
S105: opening after film in the management process, and nursery stock is mainly puted prevention first it is noted that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, find insect pest or
Disease laxative should be handled in time；Nursery stock grows tall 30cm or so can transplanting (afforestation).
Oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method provided in an embodiment of the present invention uses Nurse seed grafting method for culturing seedlings, exactly uses sand bed
On the oil-tea sprout that cultivates be cut into several sections as stock, then fringe bar is whittled into from two sides below petiole with single-edge blade double
Inclined-plane wedge shape, diclinic section is intersected in middle medulla.Again opening from stock middle vertical cut, scion is aligned insertion stock,
Graft union is clutched with aluminium foil, scion of being subject to is not fallen off.After graft union is held tightly, grafting is entered bag immediately, and to be discharged into seedbed enterprising
Row disinfection and closing.
Application principle of the invention is further described combined with specific embodiments below.
(1) enforcement place
Project implementation place is in " Haikou Dongshan Jin Mao nursery stock Co., Ltd " Dongshan nursery, 60 mu of existing area of nursery bed.Its
2 mu of middle stock breeding ground, 20 mu of grafting nursery, 5 mu of nursery of cuttage seeding (oil tea), and 16 mu of oil tea cutting orchard, other oil
17 mu of tea pilot forest.
(2) implement scale: year cultivates excellent 800,000 plants of oil tea grafting, 10,000 mu of popularizing planting.
(3) equipment source " Haikou Dongshan Jin Mao nursery stock Co., Ltd " Dongshan nursery possesses perfect culture facility, including
Stock breeding ground, grafting nursery, oil tea cutting orchard, grafting and cuttage seeding nursery etc., mating power supply system, for water system
Every basic facilities such as system and air supply system are complete.
(4) materials such as sunshade net, river sand, film, fertilizer, pesticide, secateurs, giver that the material source project implementation needs
It can be bought from local market；Scion is acquired from own elite stand garden；Seed, lightweight nutrient bag can be bought from Guangxi and other places.Organic fertilizer
It is bought from neighbouring Pig-raising field, chicken house, organic fertilizer is added after microbial bacteria sufficiently ferments after buying back and uses, or from local market
Wrapped organic fertilizer is directly bought to use.Must not buy untreated municipal refuse and chemical plant, industrial and mining enterprises it is discarded
Object.The project implementation process does not have three waste discharge, meets environmental requirement.
(5) power fuel oil (gasoline, diesel oil etc.) can be bought on local market.
Oil tea oil is rare xylophyta oil, has higher unsaturated lipid than the herbaceous plant oil such as peanut oil, soybean oil
Fat acid content (unsaturated fatty acid content of tea oil is up to 90%) is easy to be absorbed by the body, while can also promote people after edible
Absorption of the body to the microelements such as fat-soluble fiber and calcium, iron, zinc.The unsaturated fatty acid of rich content can make gallbladder in blood solid
The concentration of alcohol reduces, and can prevent artery sclerosis, inhibits and prevent the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension.Unsaturated lipid
Fat acid has the title of " beauty acid ", and the unsaturated fatty acid content of tea oil is that content is highest in current edible oil.Medical evidence:
Daily intaking enough unsaturated fatty acids has important role to moist skin and pitch-black hair.
Tea oil, which is free of, can cause the substance of human carcinogen, be eaten for a long time to diseases such as hypertension, heart diseases have it is certain pre-
It is edible to be particularly suitable for the middle-aged and the old for anti-effect.10000 mu of oil tea seedling growth are able to drive and provided by the project implementation, are
Peasant household brings direct economic benefit.Maintenance is played simultaneously or is increase soil fertility, and ecology is prevented erosion, protects and improve
The effect of environment, therefore, this project not only have higher economic benefit, also make the life better, and improve physical fitness, protection
The social benefits such as ecological environment and ecological benefits.
Oil tea is a kind of economic tree that comprehensive utilization value is high, and major product is tea oil, and byproduct includes tea seed cake, tea
Shell and tea seed cake.Byproduct tea seed cake can extract Residual oil, Tea Saponin through deep processing；Tea shell is extracted can be used for making furfural, xylitol,
Tannin extract, active carbon and culture medium etc..Currently, oil tea at home and abroad suffers from wide market, development potentiality is very big.With population
Increase, the decrease of cultivated land, Devoting Major Efforts To Developing woody oleiferous plants have become the main channel that the world today solves mankind's edible oil wretched insufficiency.
The whole world has more than 40 country using olive oil as main edible oil, and especially Mediterranean country has been carried out edible oil materials
Woodyization.The states such as Spain and Greece woody edible oil material also accounts for the 80%~90% of national edible oil.Oil tea is that China obtains
Its only thick plant resources and the currently the only woody edible oil material that can be matched in excellence or beauty with olive oil.The oil that tea seed squeezes out
It is real fully natural green edible oil.Through detecting: oil tea oil unsaturated fatty acid is up to 90%, oleic acid up to 80%~83%,
Linoleic acid up to 7%~13%, and be rich in protein and vitamin A, B, D, E etc., especially it also contain it is abundant needed by human and
The linolenic acid that cannot be synthesized again.Scientific verification: oil tea oil no matter nutritional ingredient or to hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease,
In the control efficiency of some common diseases such as diabetes, it is superior to olive oil.In recent years, as the improvement of people's living standards, it is oily
Tea oil increasingly has been favored by people.Exploitation woody oleiferous plants resource has become the new effective way of volume increase edible oil,
It is the development trend that the world today solves edible oil wretched insufficiency.Greek olive oils yield has accounted for state's edible oil total amount
93%, Spain is also up to 48%.China is that woody oleiferous plants crop develops earliest, the maximum country of cultivated area in the world, is produced per year
Amount is far from satisfying the market demand up to 1.6 hundred million kilograms.People from Hainan is accustomed to edible oil tea oil, is required every year from Guangxi etc.
Tea seed processing oil expression is bought on ground, is just able to satisfy people's needs, and price is higher.Therefore, excellent camellia oleifera cultivar is cultivated to promote
It is smaller to plant the market risk.The grafting nursery stock that this project is cultivated, can be directly in Hainan popularizing planting.And it is cheap,
Peasant is easier to receive.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of oil tea grafts seeding cultivating method, which is characterized in that the oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method uses Nurse seed grafting
Method for culturing seedlings uses the oil-tea sprout cultivated in sand bed to be cut into several sections as stock, then with single-edge blade fringe bar from leaf
Two sides are whittled into double inclined plane wedge shape below handle, and diclinic section is intersected in middle medulla；Again being opened from stock middle vertical cut, will connect
Fringe alignment insertion stock, clutches graft union with aluminium foil, scion of being subject to is not fallen off；After graft union is held tightly, grafting is entered bag row
It is put on seedbed and carries out disinfection and close.
2. oil tea as described in claim 1 grafts seeding cultivating method, which is characterized in that the oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method tool
Body includes:
The first step was cleaned up Seed of Camellia oleifera with clear water, then with potassium permanganate dehydration disinfection about 15 minutes；After sanitized,
Ten hours are impregnated with clear water again；With three layers of river sand point, stock length to 20-25cm grafting after seed immersion is full；
Second step builds Simple pergola with 85% shading net in nursery；First nursery earth bag is carried out with carbendazim solution
After disinfection, then sprout stock seedling planted in the nursery earth bag of 7 × 11cm, and is watered with root water；
Third step, every row pouch plants the sealing of sprout stock Miao Houyong transparent plastic film covering 60 days in cool canopy；Seedling exists in film
The lower 15 days graft unions healing of aqueous vapor, temperature action；
4th step, after the healing of seedling grafting mouth, seedling bud point is longer, opens film continuous 6 days experienced seedlings from both ends, again will after the 7th day
Film is fully open to be watered, is applied fertilizer, removing shady seedling, weeds management；
5th step is opened after film in the management process, it is found that insect pest or disease laxative should be handled in time；The nursery stock 30cm that grows tall is out of the garden cultivation
It plants.
3. oil tea as claimed in claim 2 grafts seeding cultivating method, which is characterized in that after the first step seed immersion is full
With river sand point three layers of first layer 30cm, second layer 20cm, third layer 20cm.
4. oil tea as claimed in claim 2 grafts seeding cultivating method, which is characterized in that every row pouch in the third step cool canopy
1.2 × 15m of specification.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112930899A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-11 | 华中农业大学 | Grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks |
| CN113575161A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-02 | 湖南新自然农林科技有限公司 | Soapberry grafting seedling method |
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| CN105594540A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-25 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Camellia pubipetala grafting and seedling cultivating method |
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| CN101803538A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-08-18 | 沙玉铸 | Camellia semiserrata germ rootstock grafting propagation method |
| CN103039278A (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-04-17 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Bud-stock grafting method for camellia oleifera abel green branch with leaves |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112930899A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-11 | 华中农业大学 | Grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks |
| CN113575161A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-02 | 湖南新自然农林科技有限公司 | Soapberry grafting seedling method |
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