CN112930899A - Grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks - Google Patents
Grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks, which comprises the following steps: soaking melon stock seeds, accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours, and broadcasting the seeds into a flat disc according to 120 plants/disc when radicles are exposed to white; soaking the seeds of the melon scions in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; accelerating germination for 24h at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, and broadcasting into a flat plate according to 120 strains/plate when radicles are exposed to white; when the 1 st main leaf of the stock is completely flattened and the 1 st main leaf of the scion is slightly exposed, the zero sub-leaves of the stock are adopted for grafting, and a single stock is uniformly divided into two sections from a traditional section for use; and management of the grafting healing period is carried out after grafting, so that one-section use of the stock is changed into two-section use under the condition of not influencing the quality of the seedlings, the utilization rate is doubled, and the cost investment of the stock seeds of the grafted seedlings is effectively reduced. Aiming at the overgrown pumpkin rootstocks, the quality of seedlings can be improved after the rootstocks are used in two sections.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling culture, and particularly relates to a grafting seedling culture method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks.
Background
At present, the grafting technology is often used for solving agricultural production problems such as soil diseases and insect pests, continuous cropping obstacles, stress resistance increase and the like. With the rapid development of the facility gardening industry in recent years, the demand of people for grafted seedlings is also increasing year by year. And a large part of the production cost of the grafted seedlings comes from the seed cost of the rootstocks and the scions, so that the investment of the seed cost of the rootstocks is reduced, the production cost of the grafted seedlings can be greatly reduced, and the development of the grafted seedling industry is facilitated.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing grafting seedling raising cost is high, the lower embryonic axis of the pumpkin stock which is generally adopted by melons is relatively long and easy to grow excessively, so that the seedling quality is poor, in addition, only one grafted seedling can be cultivated by a single seed, and the stock utilization rate is not high.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the technology adopts pumpkin commonly used by melons, watermelons and cucumbers as the stock, the growing point of the stock is removed when the 1 st main leaf of the stock is completely unfolded, the stock is uniformly divided into two sections for use, and the problems that the seedling quality is poor due to excessive growth of the stock in the traditional method, and the utilization efficiency is low due to the use of one section of the stock are solved.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the lower embryonic axis of the pumpkin rootstock is longer, the pumpkin rootstock is suitable for two-section use, after a single rootstock is changed into two-section use, the cost of the rootstock seeds of single-plant grafted seedlings is reduced by half, and the popularization and the application of the grafted seedlings of the melon crops are facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks.
The grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing the melon stocks is realized in the way, and comprises the following steps:
the melon stocks are efficiently utilized for grafting seedling by stock seedling culture, scion seedling culture, zero cotyledon grafting of the stocks, one-section-to-two-section use of a single stock and management in a grafting healing period.
Further, the grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing the melon stocks comprises the following steps:
soaking seeds of a melon stock, accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours, and broadcasting the seeds into a flat disc according to 120 plants/disc when radicles are exposed to white;
step two, soaking the seeds of the melon scions in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; accelerating germination for 24h at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, and broadcasting into a flat plate according to 120 strains/plate when radicles are exposed to white;
thirdly, adopting the zero leaves of the rootstock for grafting when the 1 st true leaf of the rootstock is completely flattened and the 1 st true leaf of the scion is slightly exposed; and management of the grafting healing period is carried out after grafting.
Further, the seed soaking treatment comprises: soaking seeds in warm soup at 55 deg.C for 20min, and soaking at room temperature for 6-8 h.
Further, the grafting of the rootstock and the zero cotyledon comprises the following steps:
taking a stock seedling, removing a root system, processing scions, grafting the scions and two sections of stocks respectively, clamping grafting clamps, and planting in 50 holes of a plug tray filled with a wet matrix.
Further, the processing the scion comprises: the grafting blade is obliquely cut at an angle of about 45 degrees upwards at a position 0.5cm-1.0cm away from the base part of the cotyledon, and the section is 0.5 cm.
Further, the step of dividing the scion and the single stock into two sections for use comprises the following steps:
upper-segment rootstock: obliquely cutting the basal part of the cotyledon at an angle of 45 degrees, removing all cotyledon and true leaves, transversely cutting the middle position of the hypocotyl of the stock, and removing half of the hypocotyl; the 45-degree oblique plane is a grafting site;
stock at the lower segment: taking the lower half hypocotyl cut off from the upper-segment rootstock, obliquely cutting the upper-segment position of ecology by 45 degrees, and taking the lower half hypocotyl as a grafting site of the lower-segment rootstock for grafting.
Further, in step three, the management of the graft healing period comprises:
temperature management: 28-25 ℃ in the daytime and 22-18 ℃ at night;
humidity management: the humidity of the grafted product is kept above 95% in the 3d period;
gradually ventilating 4d-10d after grafting, wherein the ventilation time is preferably no wilting of the cotyledon of the scion;
after 10d, opening the film, and entering normal management;
illumination management: and 3d before grafting, keeping the grafting dark in the dark, keeping the weak light for 8h every day after 3d-7d, and entering normal illumination management after 7 d.
Further, when the 1 st true leaf of the stock is completely flattened and the 1 st true leaf of the scion is slightly exposed, the grafting of the 1 st true leaf of the stock needs to be carried out before the zero-leaf grafting of the stock:
sterilizing the blade and the grafting clip by using 75% medical alcohol, and naturally drying; and the matrix is watered thoroughly 1d before grafting.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention provides a grafting seedling raising technology for efficiently utilizing melon stocks, which can double the utilization rate of the stocks under the condition of not influencing the quality of seedlings and effectively reduce the cost investment of the stocks.
Technical effect or experimental effect of comparison. Compared with the traditional method, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings after 14d has no obvious difference, and the seedling quality is equivalent.
Survival rate of grafted seedlings and quality evaluation of seedlings after 14d grafting by using traditional method and method provided by invention
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon stocks provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional method and a treatment method of the grafted rootstock according to the present invention.
Wherein: FIG. 2(a) conventional method; FIG. 2(b) is a method for treating the grafted rootstock of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the conventional method and the growth of the seedling after the grafting for 14d according to the present invention.
Wherein: FIG. 3(a) conventional method; FIG. 3(b) the upper stock of the seedling after the 14d grafting of the invention; FIG. 3(c) shows the lower section of the stock after the 14d grafting of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a grafting seedling method for efficiently utilizing melon stocks, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon stocks provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
the melon stocks are efficiently utilized for grafting seedling by stock seedling culture, scion seedling culture, zero cotyledon grafting of the stocks, change of one section of a single stock into two sections for use and management in a grafting healing period.
As shown in fig. 1, the grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon stocks provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, soaking the melon stock seeds in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, soaking at room temperature for 6-8h, accelerating germination at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24h, and broadcasting the rootstocks in flat trays according to 120 plants/tray when the radicles are exposed to white;
s102, soaking seeds of the melon scions in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; accelerating germination for 24h at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, and broadcasting into a flat plate according to 120 strains/plate when radicles are exposed to white;
s103, when the 1 st true leaf of the stock is completely flattened and the 1 st true leaf of the scion is slightly exposed, adopting zero cotyledon of the stock, utilizing two sections of the stock, and carrying out grafting; and management of the grafting healing period is carried out after grafting.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the rootstock with zero cotyledon, the rootstock is utilized in two sections, and the grafting comprises the following steps:
taking a stock seedling, removing a root system, processing scions, grafting the scions and two sections of stocks respectively, clamping grafting clamps, and planting in 50 holes of a plug tray filled with a wet matrix.
The processing of the scion provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the grafting blade is obliquely cut at an angle of about 45 degrees upwards at a position 0.5cm-1.0cm away from the base part of the cotyledon, and the section is 0.5 cm.
The grafting of the scion and the two segments of rootstocks respectively provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
upper-segment rootstock: obliquely cutting the basal part of the cotyledon at an angle of 45 degrees, removing all cotyledon and true leaves, transversely cutting the middle position of the hypocotyl of the stock, and removing half of the hypocotyl; the 45-degree oblique plane is a grafting site;
stock at the lower segment: taking the lower half hypocotyl cut off from the upper-segment rootstock, obliquely cutting the upper-segment position of ecology by 45 degrees, and taking the lower half hypocotyl as a grafting site of the lower-segment rootstock for grafting.
The management of the grafting healing period provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
temperature management: 28-25 ℃ in the daytime and 22-18 ℃ at night;
humidity management: the humidity of the grafted product is kept above 95% in the 3d period;
gradually ventilating 4d-10d after grafting, wherein the ventilation time is preferably no wilting of the cotyledon of the scion;
after 10d, opening the film, and entering normal management;
illumination management: and 3d before grafting, keeping the grafting dark in the dark, keeping the weak light for 8h every day after 3d-7d, and entering normal illumination management after 7 d.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention is also needed before the grafting of the 1 st main leaf of the rootstock by adopting the zero main leaf of the rootstock when the 1 st main leaf of the scion is completely flattened and the 1 st main leaf of the scion is slightly exposed:
sterilizing the blade and the grafting clip by using 75% medical alcohol, and naturally drying; and the matrix is watered thoroughly 1d before grafting.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
grafting seedling raising technology for efficiently utilizing melon stocks
(1) Stock seedling culture: soaking the muskmelon stock seeds in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; then accelerating germination at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24h, and broadcasting the radicles into flat discs 120 strains/disc when the radicles are exposed to white; and (3) grafting the 1 st true leaf in a fully-unfolded state.
(2) Scion seedling culture: soaking the seeds of the melon scions in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; then accelerating germination at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24h, and broadcasting the radicles in flat trays when the radicles are exposed to white, wherein the number of the radicles per tray is 120; grafting when the 1 st true leaf is slightly exposed.
(3) And (3) grafting period: stock: 1, completely flattening true leaves, and grafting: the No. 1 true leaf is slightly exposed.
(4) Grafting operation: adopts the rootstock zero cotyledon, the two sections of the rootstock are utilized and grafted,
treating the rootstock: taking a stock seedling, removing a root system,
two-stage grafting-upper-stage stock: obliquely cutting the basal part of the cotyledon at an angle of 45 degrees, removing all cotyledon and true leaves, and then transversely cutting the middle position of the hypocotyl of the stock to remove half of the hypocotyl; the 45-degree oblique plane is a grafting site;
two-stage grafting-lower-stage rootstock: taking the lower half hypocotyl cut off from the upper-segment rootstock, obliquely cutting the upper-segment position of ecology by 45 degrees to form a lower-end rootstock grafting site for two-segment grafting;
scion treatment: the grafting blade is obliquely cut at an angle of about 45 degrees upwards at a position 0.5cm-1.0cm away from the base part of the cotyledon, and the section is about 0.5 cm;
grafting: grafting the scion and the two sections of stocks respectively, clamping a grafting clamp, and planting in 50 holes of a plug tray filled with a wet matrix.
(6) Managing the grafting healing period:
the temperature is controlled at 28-25 ℃ in the daytime and 22-18 ℃ at night. Humidity management: the humidity of the grafted stem is kept above 95% in the 3d period. May be covered with a plastic film. Ventilating gradually for 4-10 days after grafting, wherein the ventilation time is preferably no wilting of the cotyledon of the scion. And 10d, opening the film, and entering normal management. Illumination management: and 3d before grafting, keeping the grafting dark in the dark, keeping the weak light for 8h every day after 3d-7d, and entering normal illumination management after 7 d.
The blade and the grafting clip used in the invention (4) are sterilized in advance by 75% medical alcohol and are used after being naturally dried.
According to the invention, the matrix is watered thoroughly 1d before grafting.
Example 2:
grafting seedling raising technology for efficiently utilizing melon stocks
(1) Selecting stock and scion varieties: selecting stock varieties with good compatibility with the scions, strong stress resistance and excellent scion quality. In the scheme, the pumpkin of 'Qingyou stock I' is selected as the stock variety, and the melon scion is 'Akkochia'.
(2) Stock seedling culture: soaking the muskmelon stock seeds in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; then accelerating germination at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24h, and broadcasting the radicles into flat discs 120 strains/disc when the radicles are exposed to white; and (3) grafting the 1 st true leaf in a fully-unfolded state.
(3) Scion seedling culture: soaking the seeds of the melon scions in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; then accelerating germination at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24h, and broadcasting the radicles in flat trays when the radicles are exposed to white, wherein the number of the radicles per tray is 120; grafting when the 1 st true leaf is slightly exposed.
(4) Preparation work before grafting: the method comprises the following steps of (1) completely pouring matrixes of a stock and a scion one day before grafting; preparing a hole tray required for field planting during grafting, cleaning, disinfecting, filling a matrix, and watering thoroughly.
(5) Grafting: adopts the rootstock zero cotyledon, the two sections of the rootstock are utilized and grafted,
treating the rootstock: taking a stock seedling, removing a root system,
two-stage grafting-upper-stage stock: obliquely cutting the basal part of the cotyledon at an angle of 45 degrees, removing all cotyledon and true leaves, and then transversely cutting the middle position of the hypocotyl of the stock to remove half of the hypocotyl; the 45-degree oblique plane is a grafting site;
two-stage grafting-lower-stage rootstock: taking the lower half hypocotyl cut off from the upper-segment rootstock, obliquely cutting the upper-segment position of ecology by 45 degrees to form a lower-end rootstock grafting site for two-segment grafting;
scion treatment: the grafting blade is obliquely cut at an angle of about 45 degrees upwards at a position 0.5cm-1.0cm away from the base part of the cotyledon, and the section is about 0.5 cm;
grafting: grafting the scion and the two sections of stocks respectively, clamping a grafting clamp, and planting in 50 holes of a plug tray filled with a wet matrix.
(6) Managing the grafting healing period:
the temperature is controlled at 28-25 ℃ in the daytime and 22-18 ℃ at night. Humidity management: the humidity is kept above 95% 3 days before grafting. May be covered with a plastic film. Ventilating gradually for 4-10 days after grafting, wherein the ventilation time is preferably no wilting of the cotyledon of the scion. And 10d, opening the film, and entering normal management. Illumination management: and 3d before grafting, keeping the grafting dark in the dark, keeping the weak light for 8h every day after 3d-7d, and entering normal illumination management after 7 d.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the experimental effects.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional method and a treatment method of the grafted rootstock according to the present invention.
Wherein: FIG. 2(a) conventional method; FIG. 2(b) is a method for treating the grafted rootstock of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the conventional method and the growth of the seedling after the grafting for 14d according to the present invention. Wherein: FIG. 3(a) conventional method; FIG. 3(b) the upper stock of the seedling after the 14d grafting of the invention; FIG. 3(c) shows the lower section of the stock after the 14d grafting of the invention.
Survival rate of grafted seedlings and quality evaluation of seedlings after 14d grafting by using traditional method and method provided by invention
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon stocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the melon stocks are efficiently utilized for grafting seedling by stock seedling, scion seedling, zero cotyledon grafting of the stocks, two-section utilization of each stock and management in the grafting healing period.
2. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of the melon rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein the grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of the melon rootstocks comprises the following steps:
soaking seeds of a melon stock, accelerating germination at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours, and broadcasting the seeds into a flat disc according to 120 plants/disc when radicles are exposed to white;
step two, soaking the seeds of the melon scions in warm soup at 55 ℃ for 20min, and soaking for 6-8h at room temperature; accelerating germination for 24h at the constant temperature of 30 ℃, and broadcasting into a flat plate according to 120 strains/plate when radicles are exposed to white;
thirdly, when the 1 st main leaf of the stock is completely flattened and the 1 st main leaf of the scion is slightly exposed, adopting the zero sub-leaves of the stock for grafting, and uniformly dividing each stock into two sections for use; and management of the grafting healing period is carried out after grafting.
3. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon rootstocks according to claim 2, wherein the seed soaking treatment comprises the following steps: soaking seeds in warm soup at 55 deg.C for 20min, and soaking at room temperature for 6-8 h.
4. The grafting and seedling raising method for efficient utilization of melon rootstocks according to claim 2, wherein the zero-cotyledon grafting of the rootstocks comprises the following steps:
taking a stock seedling, removing a root system, processing scions, grafting the scions and two sections of stocks respectively, clamping grafting clamps, and planting in 50 holes of a plug tray filled with a wet matrix.
5. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon rootstocks according to claim 4, wherein the step of treating the scions comprises the following steps: the grafting blade is obliquely cut at an angle of about 45 degrees upwards at a position 0.5cm-1.0cm away from the base part of the cotyledon, and the section is 0.5 cm.
6. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon rootstocks according to claim 4, wherein the grafting of the scion and the two segments of rootstocks respectively comprises:
upper-segment rootstock: obliquely cutting the basal part of the cotyledon at an angle of 45 degrees, removing all cotyledon and true leaves, transversely cutting the middle position of the hypocotyl of the stock, and removing half of the hypocotyl; the 45-degree oblique plane is a grafting site;
stock at the lower segment: taking the lower half hypocotyl cut off from the upper-segment rootstock, obliquely cutting the lower half hypocotyl at an angle of 45 degrees at the upper-segment position in ecology, and taking the lower half hypocotyl as a lower-end rootstock grafting site for two-segment grafting of the rootstock.
7. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon rootstocks according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the management of the grafting healing period comprises:
temperature management: day 28-25 deg.c and night 22-18 deg.c.
8. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon rootstocks according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the management of the grafting healing period further comprises: humidity management: the humidity of the grafted product is kept above 95% in the 3d period;
gradually ventilating 4d-10d after grafting, wherein the ventilation time is preferably no wilting of the cotyledon of the scion;
and 10d, opening the film, and entering normal management.
9. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of melon rootstocks according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the management of the grafting healing period further comprises: illumination management: and 3d before grafting, keeping the grafting dark in the dark, keeping the weak light for 8h every day after 3d-7d, and entering normal illumination management after 7 d.
10. The grafting seedling method for efficient utilization of the melon rootstock as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rootstock zero cotyledon is adopted when the 1 st true leaf of the rootstock is completely flattened and the 1 st true leaf of the scion is slightly exposed, the rootstock is used in two sections, and the grafting is performed before the grafting:
sterilizing the blade and the grafting clip by using 75% medical alcohol, and naturally drying; and the matrix is watered thoroughly 1d before grafting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113330932A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-03 | 华中农业大学 | Stem grafting method for cucumber crop stock and ear recognition signal research |
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| CN110915447A (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2020-03-27 | 华中农业大学 | Method for growing seedlings of muskmelon stocks by cotyledon-free grafting |
| CN111066509A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-04-28 | 华中农业大学 | Method for improving quality of watermelon rootstock zero-leaf grafted seedlings |
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2021
- 2021-02-22 CN CN202110197659.0A patent/CN112930899A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103828607A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-04 | 姜立刚 | Osmanthus fragrans rootstock root connection technology |
| CN110036895A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-23 | 海口东山金茂苗木有限公司 | A kind of oil tea grafting seeding cultivating method |
| CN110915447A (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2020-03-27 | 华中农业大学 | Method for growing seedlings of muskmelon stocks by cotyledon-free grafting |
| CN111066509A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-04-28 | 华中农业大学 | Method for improving quality of watermelon rootstock zero-leaf grafted seedlings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113330932A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-03 | 华中农业大学 | Stem grafting method for cucumber crop stock and ear recognition signal research |
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