CN114097460B - Method for controlling excessive growth of bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedlings by using growth retardant - Google Patents
Method for controlling excessive growth of bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedlings by using growth retardant Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling excessive growth of bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedlings by using a growth retardant, which comprises the following steps: A. selecting rootstocks; B. arranging a seeding period; C. treatment before sowing: the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds need to be shelled, and the embryo and the embryonic axis do not need to be damaged; scalding the scion seeds for 15min by warm water at 55 ℃, and soaking the seeds for 4h by warm water at 25-30 ℃; scalding the stock seeds with warm water at 55 ℃ for 15min, and soaking the stock seeds in 0.33g/L0.02% chlorin molten iron solution at 25-30 ℃ for 4h; D. accelerating germination; E. sowing; F. seedling stage management; G. grafting; H. and (5) managing after grafting. By using 0.02% chlorin iron solution with a certain concentration as a growth retardant for seed soaking or spraying, reasonable growth of stock seedlings and grafted seedlings can be effectively controlled, root systems of the stock seedlings and the grafted seedlings are developed, the stock seedlings and the grafted seedlings grow strongly, the yield of the bitter gourds is improved, and meanwhile, no pesticide residue exists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for controlling excessive growth of bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedlings by using a growth retardant.
Background
In the balsam pear industrialized seedling process, due to highly intensive production, the balsam pear industrialized seedling method is easy to meet the greenhouse environment with poor illumination in spring and high temperature in autumn, and high humidity formed by unfavorable climate is added, so that the grafted seedlings easily grow in vain, the seedlings can die in batches when serious, the phenomena of slow seedling recovery, low survival rate, low fruit setting rate, low yield and the like can also occur after reluctant planting, and the yield is reduced greatly for farmers.
At present, the research on strong seedling cultivation technology of melon vegetables is more, but the basic research on the regulation and control of excessive growth of watermelon vegetables such as watermelon, melon and cucumber by paclobutrazol is mainly focused, and the paclobutrazol is usually selected to solve the problems. The methods have the common characteristics of inhibiting the biosynthesis of endogenous GAs, inhibiting the cell elongation in a stem tip elongation area, shortening internodes to achieve the dwarfing effect, and having certain effects of controlling plant height and adjusting flowering phase. Application research aiming at industrial seedling raising of the bitter gourds is lacked, the concentrations of the growth retardants used under different environmental conditions are different, the bitter gourd seedlings are very sensitive to the concentrations, and the situation of over-inhibition of the seedlings is easy to occur when the dosage is too high; paclobutrazol is required to be 'undetected' in the production process of exported vegetables, and pesticide residue is easy to exceed the standard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling excessive growth of heterogenous grafting seedlings of bitter gourds by using a growth retardant so as to solve the technical problem of yield reduction caused by unreasonable growth of heterogenous grafting seedlings of bitter gourds.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for controlling excessive growth of bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedlings by using a growth retardant comprises the following steps:
A. selecting the rootstock: selecting a luffa acutangula variety as a stock screening material, and carrying out a stock variety screening test, a grafting affinity test and a grafted seedling cultivation test; through measuring various indexes such as strong seedling index, leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), developed degree of root system and the like as screening standards, the Luffa acutangula variety RN02 which is not easy to overgrow in seedling stage, thick in hypocotyl, yellowing-resistant and high in affinity is screened as the stock for grafting.
B. And (3) scheduling a seeding period: the stock is sowed firstly and then the scion is sowed; when seedlings are raised in early spring in winter, the rootstock is sowed 7-10 days earlier than the scion; in summer seedling raising, the rootstock is sowed 5-7 days earlier than the scion; and arranging the scion to be sowed in the cotyledon flattening period of the rootstock.
C. Treatment before sowing: the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds need to break shells, and germs and embryonic axis do not need to be damaged; scalding the scion seeds for 15min by warm water at 55 ℃, and soaking the seeds for 4h by warm water at 25-30 ℃; the stock seeds are firstly blanched for 15min by warm water at 55 ℃ and then soaked for 4h.
D. Accelerating germination: wrapping with sterilized wet towel, placing in 28-30 deg.C dark room type artificial climate box for accelerating germination, and sowing after exposure to white.
E. Sowing: the stock seeds are sowed in 50-hole trays, the scion seeds are sowed in 72-hole trays, and the sowing depth is 1.0-1.5cm; all the hilum faces to the same direction, the cotyledon direction is neat after seedling emergence, the grafting operation efficiency is high, and the survival rate after grafting is high; after sowing, covering vermiculite with the thickness of about 1cm, and spraying a proper amount of water, wherein the water is preferably dripped from the bottom hole of the plug tray.
F. Seedling stage management: removing the seed coats of the capped seedlings in time after seedling emergence, and performing uncapping treatment; controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, wherein the temperature is below 25 ℃ in the daytime; the watering principle was dry and not wet and the seedbed was not allowed to wet overnight.
G. Grafting: before grafting, stock seedlings are combined, and plant diseases and insect pests are prevented for 1 time in the seedling stage; sterilizing grafting tools such as grafting knife, blade, grafting clip, seedling tray rack, etc. with 75% alcohol spray or ultraviolet lamp irradiation for more than 15 min; the grafting adopts a single-leaf approach grafting method, the rootstock takes the complete expansion of the first true leaf as the optimal grafting period, the scion takes the complete expansion of the first and second true leaves as the best grafting period, and the scion is transferred into a healing room in time after grafting.
H. And (3) management after grafting: after grafting, special management needs to be carried out in a healing room for 7-9d, the moisture and light are kept highly and shielded at the beginning, the air humidity is gradually reduced after 72h, the illumination time and the illumination intensity are increased, and finally, normal illumination and humidity management is carried out.
Preferably, the stock seed in the step C is soaked for 4h, and the solution is a growth retardant at 25-30 ℃.
Preferably, the growth retardant is 0.02% chlorin iron solution, and the concentration is 0.33g/L.
Preferably, the stock seed in the step C is soaked for 4h, and the solution is warm water at 25-30 ℃.
Preferably, the step F further comprises the operation of spraying 0.02% chlorin iron serving as a growth retardant to the rootstock seedlings when cotyledons of the rootstock seedlings are spread.
Preferably, the concentration of the 0.02% chlorin iron solution used for spraying treatment is 0.20g/L.
The invention has the following advantages:
by using 0.02% chlorin iron solution with a certain concentration as a growth retardant for seed soaking or spraying, reasonable growth of stock seedlings and grafted seedlings can be effectively controlled, root systems of the stock seedlings and the grafted seedlings are developed, the stock seedlings and the grafted seedlings grow strongly, the yield of the bitter gourds is improved, and meanwhile, no pesticide residue exists.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the comparison of different groups of stock seedlings growing before the seed soaking treatment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the comparison of the growth of grafted seedlings of different groups after seed soaking and grafting;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the growth of a stock seedling before grafting by spraying a growth retardant group;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the growth of the stock seedlings before grafting in the control group;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of growth of grafted seedlings of different groups after spraying treatment and grafting.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the objects, technical means and effects of the present invention, the following embodiment is further detailed to describe a method for controlling the overgrowth of allogenic grafted seedlings of Momordica charantia by using growth retardant.
Example one
The invention provides a method for controlling excessive growth of a bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedling by using a growth retardant, which comprises the following steps:
A. selecting rootstocks: 4 kinds of luffa with arris are selected as materials for screening the rootstock, and a rootstock variety screening test, a grafting affinity test and a grafting seedling cultivation test are carried out. The indexes such as the strong seedling index, the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of leaves, the developed degree of root systems and the like are measured as screening standards, the measurement results of the indexes are shown in table 1, and the data in the table show that the Luffa cylindrica stock variety RN02 is not easy to overgrow in seedling stage, thick in hypocotyl, yellowing-resistant and high in affinity. After the grafted seedlings of the stock variety are planted, the growth vigor of the stock variety is better in early spring cultivation, and the stock variety is not easy to senilism after being irrigated; the heat resistance of the plant is strong, and the blight rate after grafting is obviously reduced. And (4) screening the Luffa cylindrica RN02 as a grafted stock variety by integrating various indexes.
TABLE 1 selection of different varieties of towel gourd stocks in seedling stage
B. And (3) scheduling a seeding period: the stock is sowed first and then the scion is sowed for seedling culture. When seedling is raised in early spring in winter, the rootstock is sowed 7-10 days earlier than the scion; in summer seedling raising, the rootstock is sowed 5-7 days earlier than the scion; usually, the scion is arranged to be sown at the cotyledon flattening stage of the rootstock.
C. Pre-sowing treatment: the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds need to break shells, and germs and embryonic axes do not need to be damaged. Scalding the scion seeds for 15min by warm water at 55 ℃, and soaking the seeds for 4h by warm water at 25-30 ℃; the stock seeds are first blanched for 15min at the temperature of 55 ℃ and then soaked for 4h at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ by using a growth retardant solution.
3 growth retardants were selected: 0.02% chlorin iron, wetting leaves, withering green, and soaking rootstock seeds, wherein 3 concentrations of each growth retardant are set, and the specific treatment concentration (g/L) is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 treatment concentrations of growth retardants
D. Accelerating germination: wrapping with sterilized wet towel, placing in 28-30 deg.C dark room type artificial climate box for accelerating germination, and sowing after exposure to white.
E. Sowing: the stock seeds are sowed in 50-hole trays, the scion seeds are sowed in 72-hole trays, and the sowing depth is 1.0-1.5cm. All the hilum faces to the same direction, the cotyledon direction is neat after seedling emergence, the grafting operation efficiency is high, and the survival rate after grafting is high. After sowing, covering vermiculite with the thickness of about 1cm, and spraying a proper amount of water, wherein the water is preferably dripped from the bottom hole of the plug tray. In early spring, the seedlings are grown by laying an electric heating hotbed, covering a mulching film and a small arched shed for heat preservation and moisture preservation; covering with film in summer.
F. Seedling stage management: after emergence, the seed coats of the capped seedlings are removed in time, and uncapping treatment is carried out; controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, wherein the temperature is below 25 ℃ in the daytime; the watering principle was to dry and not wet and not to wet the seedbed overnight.
G. Grafting: before grafting, stock seedlings are combined, and plant diseases and insect pests are prevented for 1 time in the seedling stage. The grafting clip adopts a plastic round-mouth grafting clip and an iron round spring, and the width of a clamping jaw is 9mm-10mm. Preparing grafting tools such as a grafting knife, a blade, a grafting clip, a seedling tray rack and the like, and sterilizing for more than 15min by using 75% alcohol spray or ultraviolet lamp irradiation; when no one is present, the grafting table, the seedling tray rack and the like can be sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation.
The grafting adopts a single-leaf approach grafting method, when the first true leaf of the stock is completely unfolded to be in the optimal grafting period, the first true leaf and the second true leaf of the scion are completely unfolded to be preferred. And (5) removing true leaves of the rootstock 1-2 days before grafting, and keeping the matrix to have sufficient moisture. The growing point of the stock and a cotyledon are obliquely cut downwards from the base of the leaf, the obliquely cut scion is connected to the top end cut of the stock, the hypocotyl of the stock is tightly matched with the scion, and the connecting opening is clamped by a grafting clamp. The grafting needs to shade and replenish moisture in sunny days, and the grafted seedling is timely moved into a healing room.
H. And (3) management after grafting: after grafting, special management of 7-9 days is needed in a healing room, the general principle is that high moisture preservation and shading are carried out at the beginning, air humidity is gradually reduced after 72 hours, illumination time and illumination intensity are increased, and finally normal illumination and humidity management is carried out.
In order to examine the effect of different concentrations of seed soaking treatment of each growth retardant on the growth of the stock seedlings, clear water seed soaking is used as a control, before grafting (the first true leaves are completely unfolded), the data of strong seedling indexes, SPAD and the like of the stock seedlings are measured, and the data measurement results are shown in Table 3. In order to eliminate the possible influence of other factors, the spraying treatment of other agents is not carried out in the seedling stage. As can be seen from the data in the table and the physical contrast diagram (figure 1), the AT2 treated rootstock seedlings have developed root systems, the longest main root length reaches 155.69mm, and the result shows that 0.33g/L0.02% chlorin iron solution serving as a growth retardant can effectively influence the growth of the rootstock seedlings through seed soaking treatment, so that the rootstock seedlings have developed root systems and robust growth.
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatment concentrations of growth retardants on stock seedling growth and strong seedling conditions
In order to further investigate and analyze the influence of different concentrations of seed soaking treatment of each growth retardant on the growth of the balsam pear heterogeneously grafted seedling. After grafting, when the grafted seedling grows to 3-4 true leaves (about 15 days after grafting), washing the root with clear water, wiping off the water on the surface of the plant, and measuring. Measuring morphological indexes such as seedling height, stem thickness, total fresh weight of the seedlings, root fresh weight, dry weight of overground parts, dry weight of roots, root-crown ratio and the like, and calculating a strong seedling index; the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of the leaves was measured by a chlorophyll meter, and the data measurement results are shown in Table 4. The strong seedling index is calculated by (stem thickness/plant height + dry root weight/dry overground part weight) × dry whole plant weight. As can be seen from the data in the table and the physical contrast diagram (figure 2), the grafted seedlings of the AT2 treatment group have developed root systems, the maximum strong seedling index reaches 0.041, and the result shows that the growth of the grafted seedlings can be effectively influenced by the seed soaking treatment by using 0.33g/L0.02% chlorin iron solution as a growth retardant, so that the grafted seedlings have developed root systems and grow robustly.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatment concentrations of growth retardants on the growth and the strong seedling status of grafted seedlings
The data and analysis show that the spindly growth of the heterogenous grafted seedlings can be effectively controlled by taking 0.33g/L0.02% chlorin iron solution as a growth retardant through stock seed soaking treatment, so that the heterogenous grafted seedlings have developed root systems and grow robustly.
Example two
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in two steps, and the other steps are the same as the first embodiment. Two different steps from the first embodiment are as follows:
C. pre-sowing treatment: the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds need to break shells, and germs and embryonic axes do not need to be damaged. Scalding the scion seeds for 15min by using warm water at 55 ℃, and then soaking the seeds for 4h by using warm water at 25-30 ℃; the stock seeds are firstly blanched for 15min by warm water at 55 ℃ and then soaked for 4h by warm water at 25-30 ℃.
F. Seedling stage management: after emergence, the seed coats of the capped seedlings are removed in time, and uncapping treatment is carried out; controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, wherein the temperature is below 25 ℃ in the daytime; the watering principle was to dry and not wet and not to wet the seedbed overnight.
When the cotyledon of the stock seedling is flat, 3 growth retardants are selected: 0.02% chlorin iron, leaf wetting, green and strong are sprayed on rootstock seedlings, 3 concentrations of each growth retardant are set, and the specific spraying concentration (g/L) is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 spray concentration of growth retardants
In order to examine the effect of spraying treatment of different concentrations of each growth retardant on the growth of the stock seedlings, the clear water spraying is used as a control, the data such as the strong seedling index and the SPAD of the stock seedlings are measured before grafting (the first true leaves are completely unfolded), and the data measurement results are shown in Table 6. In order to eliminate the possible influence of other factors, the spraying treatment of other agents is not carried out in the seedling stage. As can be seen from the data in the table and the physical graphs (figure 3 and figure 4), the BT2 spraying group stock seedlings have developed root systems, heavier fresh weight of the whole plant and thick hypocotyls, and the result shows that 0.20 g/L0.02% chlorin iron solution serving as a growth retardant can effectively influence the growth of the stock seedlings through spraying treatment, so that the stock seedlings have developed root systems and grow robustly.
TABLE 6 influence of different spraying concentrations of growth retardant on growth and strong seedling of stock seedling
In order to further investigate and analyze the influence of spraying treatment of different concentrations of each growth retardant on the growth of the balsam pear heterogeneously grafted seedling. After grafting, when the grafted seedling grows to 3-4 true leaves (about 15 days after grafting), washing the root with clear water, wiping off the water on the surface of the plant, and measuring. Measuring morphological indexes such as seedling height, stem thickness, total fresh weight of the seedlings, root fresh weight, dry weight of overground parts, dry weight of roots, root-crown ratio and the like, and calculating a strong seedling index; the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of the leaves was measured by a chlorophyll meter, and the data measurement results are shown in Table 7. The strong seedling index is calculated by multiplying the dry weight of the whole plant by the dry weight of the stem/plant height + the dry weight of the root/the dry weight of the overground part. As can be seen from the data in the table and the physical contrast diagram (FIG. 5), the grafted seedlings of the BT2 treatment group have developed root systems, and the strong seedling index reaches 0.075 maximally, which indicates that the growth of the grafted seedlings can be effectively influenced by spraying and using 0.20 g/L0.02% chlorin iron solution as a growth retardant, so that the grafted seedlings have developed root systems and grow robustly.
TABLE 7 Effect of different spraying concentrations of growth retardants on the growth and strong seedling condition of grafted seedlings
The data and analysis show that the spindly growth of the heterogenous grafted seedlings can be effectively controlled by spraying the rootstock with 0.20 g/L0.02% chlorin iron solution as a growth retardant, so that the heterogenous grafted seedlings have developed root systems and grow robustly.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
by using 0.02% chlorin iron solution with a certain concentration as a growth retardant for seed soaking or spraying, reasonable growth of stock seedlings and grafted seedlings can be effectively controlled, root systems of the stock seedlings and the grafted seedlings are developed, the stock seedlings and the grafted seedlings grow strongly, the yield of the bitter gourds is improved, and meanwhile, no agricultural residue exists.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for controlling excessive growth of bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedlings by using a growth retardant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. selecting rootstocks: selecting a luffa acutangula variety as a stock screening material, and carrying out a stock variety screening test, a grafting affinity test and a grafted seedling cultivation test; selecting a luffa acutangula variety RN02 which is not easy to overgrow in seedling stage, thick in hypocotyl, yellowing-resistant and high in affinity as a stock for grafting by measuring indexes of strong seedling index, leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and developed degree of root system as screening standards;
B. and (3) sowing period arrangement: the stock is sowed firstly and then the scion is sowed; when seedling is raised in early spring in winter, the rootstock is sowed 7-10 days earlier than the scion; in summer seedling raising, the rootstock is sowed 5-7 days earlier than the scion; in the cotyledon flattening period of the rootstock, arranging scion sowing;
C. treatment before sowing: the rootstock seeds and the scion seeds need to be shelled, and the embryo and the embryonic axis do not need to be damaged; scalding the scion seeds for 15min by warm water at 55 ℃, and soaking the seeds for 4h by warm water at 25-30 ℃; scalding the stock seeds for 15min by warm water at 55 ℃, and then soaking the seeds for 4h;
D. accelerating germination: wrapping with sterilized wet towel, placing in dark room type artificial climate box at 28-30 deg.C for accelerating germination, and sowing after exposure to white;
E. sowing: the stock seeds are sowed in 50-hole trays, the scion seeds are sowed in 72-hole trays, and the sowing depth is 1.0-1.5cm; all the hilum points to the same direction, the cotyledon direction is neat after the seedling emergence, the grafting operation efficiency is high, and the survival rate after grafting is high; covering vermiculite with the thickness of about 1cm after sowing, and spraying proper amount of water, wherein the water drips out from the bottom hole of the plug;
F. seedling stage management: removing the seed coats of the capped seedlings in time after seedling emergence, and performing uncapping treatment; controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, wherein the temperature is below 25 ℃ in the daytime; the watering principle is that the seedbed is not wet and is not wet overnight;
G. grafting: before grafting, stock seedlings are subjected to disc combination, and diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage are prevented for 1 time; sterilizing grafting knife, blade, grafting clip, and grafting tool of seedling tray rack by spraying 75% alcohol or irradiating with ultraviolet lamp for more than 15 min; the grafting adopts a single-leaf approach grafting method, the stock takes the first true leaf to be completely unfolded as the grafting period, the scion takes the first and second true leaves to be completely unfolded as the grafting period, and the scion is timely moved into a healing chamber after grafting;
H. and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, special management for 7-9 days is needed in a healing room, the room is highly moisturized and shielded from light at the beginning, the air humidity is gradually reduced after 72 hours, the illumination time and the illumination intensity are increased, and finally normal illumination and humidity management is carried out;
c, soaking the rootstock seeds for 4 hours in a solution of a growth retardant at 25-30 ℃;
the growth retardant is 0.02% chlorin iron solution, and the concentration is 0.33g/L;
and F, when the cotyledon of the stock seedling is unfolded, spraying the stock seedling by using 0.02% chlorin iron as a growth retardant.
2. The method for controlling the excessive growth of the allogenic grafted balsam pear seedlings by using the growth retardant in the claim 1, wherein the rootstock seed is treated by soaking for 4h in the solution of warm water at 25-30 ℃ in the step C.
3. The method for controlling the spindling of the allogenic grafted seedlings of momordica charantia by using the growth retardant according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the 0.02% chlorin iron solution used for the spraying treatment is 0.20g/L.
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