CN111887092B - Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes - Google Patents
Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111887092B CN111887092B CN202010818938.XA CN202010818938A CN111887092B CN 111887092 B CN111887092 B CN 111887092B CN 202010818938 A CN202010818938 A CN 202010818938A CN 111887092 B CN111887092 B CN 111887092B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- fertilizer
- flowering
- year
- flower
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding method of grapes, in particular to a breeding method of grapes for two years of breeding in one year, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a variety with strong flower bud differentiation capacity as a female parent variety, and cultivating in a greenhouse; s2, setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of the greenhouse by using a double-cropping cultivation technology in one year and aiming at two-time flower formation according to the time required by the full maturation of the secondary fruit of the specific female parent variety, and arranging cultivation management of germination acceleration, flower promotion, fruit preservation and secondary flower formation promotion in the greenhouse; s3, bagging part of the flower spikes 1 week before the first flowering and the second flowering, and manually removing the male parts 3 days before the flowering; and (3) taking the bagged inflorescence as a reference, and artificially dibbling pollen when the inflorescence enters the initial blooming stage, wherein the pollination time is in the morning and the temperature is 18-28 ℃. The invention changes one-year-one-breeding into two-year-two-breeding, greatly improves the breeding efficiency and has very important significance for breeding. Pollination hybridization among a large number of parents can be carried out, more hybridization samples are obtained, and an ideal hybrid variety can be found quickly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grape breeding technology, in particular to a grape breeding method capable of realizing two-year-old breeding of grapes.
Background
Grapes have been one of the most important fruits in the world, and the yield and area of grapes are in the front in fruits in the world. The breeding of high-quality early-maturing, local climate and soil adaptation, storage tolerance and fragrant varieties is always the breeding direction of grapes. Grape breeding is a long-period work. Since the juvenile period of the hybrid seedling is long, the time from sowing to the first flowering and fruiting is generally 3-5 years, and the time for breeding a new variety is generally 10-15 years. Moreover, grapes are the same as other woody fruit trees propagated asexually, the genetic heterozygosis degree is high, the separation amplitude of hybrid progeny is large, the frequency of appearance of required characters is low, great difficulty is brought to breeding work, and long time and great manpower, material resources and financial resources are needed.
The grape breeding method mainly comprises crossbreeding, biotechnology breeding, mutation breeding, molecular biology assisted breeding and the like, but in practical application, crossbreeding is mainly used, and currently, only 1 crossbreeding can be carried out in one grape growth period, so that the breeding efficiency is limited, and the method is not beneficial to quickly breeding an ideal crossbreed variety. Parents in different flowering periods are difficult to pollinate and hybridize, and the matching range of the parents is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method for two-time breeding of grapes in one year, which can perform two-time cross breeding in one year, greatly improves the breeding efficiency, can perform cross breeding by using pollen in the same year for grape parents with different flowering periods, not only ensures the pollen quality, but also saves the cost of pollen long-term storage, and expands the matching combination range of the parents.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a breeding method for two-year-old grape breeding, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a variety with strong flower bud differentiation capacity as a female parent variety, and cultivating in a greenhouse;
s2, setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of a greenhouse by using a double-cropping cultivation technology, namely setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of the greenhouse according to the time required by the full maturation of the secondary fruit of a specific female parent variety, and arranging cultivation management of germination acceleration, flower promotion, fruit preservation and secondary flower promotion in the greenhouse;
the method is characterized by setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of the greenhouse, and arranging cultivation management of germination accelerating, flower promoting, fruit preserving and secondary flower formation in the greenhouse, and specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) regulating and controlling humidity by adopting a humidifier or a dehumidifier;
(2) accelerating germination: immediately cleaning a garden and sterilizing after fruits are harvested in winter in the previous year, trimming in winter, selecting branch thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm as fruiting mother branches, performing short-tip trimming on the fruiting mother branches, and immediately accelerating germination by using lime nitrogen after trimming;
(3) promoting flower growth: picking buds, fixing tips and binding tendrils after germination, and pinching 6 leaves in front of a new tip inflorescence before blooming, wherein 1-2 leaves are left on auxiliary tips on the new tip for repeated pinching; after fruit setting, each young sprout is reserved with 1 inflorescence, the temperature in the flowering period is controlled to be about 25 +/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-80%, so as to be beneficial to pollination and fruit setting;
(4) fruit preservation: after fruit setting, top dressing is started, high nitrogen type is mainly used in the early stage of young fruit, balanced fertilizer is used in the middle stage, high potassium fertilizer is used in the later stage, medium trace element fertilizer is applied simultaneously, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times; watering once about 5 days to keep the soil moist; when the fruit begins to change color, additional fertilizer is applied, high potassium fertilizer is mainly used, nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, and calcium magnesium fertilizer is supplemented; spraying a leaf fertilizer for 1-2 times; controlling water during fruit retention period to facilitate the quality of grapes;
(5) promoting secondary flower formation: in late 7 th month, remaining 6-8 buds of bearing branches for pruning, cutting off 2 leaves at the top end and completely reserving the rest leaves, wherein the distance between the cut ends and the buds is 2 cm; applying dormancy-breaking agent, wherein the dormancy-breaking agent is 50% of 25 times of solution of the Rong sprout; the smearing method comprises the following steps: 2 buds at the top end are smeared, including internodes and cut openings, so that winter bud germination is promoted; watering immediately after the dormancy breaking agent is coated, and completely watering; covering half of the shed, fully sealing the ventilation opening of the shed film, keeping the temperature at 35-39 ℃ and the relative humidity above 95%, wherein the high-temperature and high-humidity environment is favorable for breaking dormancy; after sprouting, greatly ventilating to reduce the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves for 1 time in 4 days; the second flower blooming after about 30 days of germination; before flowering, 3 leaf pinching parts are left on the inflorescence; completely removing the secondary tips or winter bud secondary tips germinated after pinching; pinching when the upper leaves of the inflorescence reach the size of the nail; after fruit setting, continuing to grow for 2 times of germination of winter buds until top pinching of the shelf surface is reached; the temperature in the flowering period is controlled to be 30 +/-5 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 60-80% so as to be beneficial to pollination and fruit setting;
s3, bagging part of the flower spikes 1 week before the first flowering and the second flowering, and manually removing the male parts 3 days before the flowering; when the inflorescence enters the initial stage of pollination with respect to the non-bagged inflorescence, the pollination time is 18-28 deg.C (preferably 25 + -1 deg.C) in the morning, and the pollen is artificially spotted.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the initial stage is 5% open of the inflorescence.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pollen for pollination is current year pollen or stored previous year pollen.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pollination time is chosen such that artificial pollination is performed at the time of emergence of honeydew on the stigma of the inflorescence, each pollination being repeated at least 3 times.
According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the breeding method for two-year-old grape cultivation specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection:
selecting a variety which is resistant to weak light, easy to form flower buds, strong in growth potential, low in cold requirement, strong in adaptability to facility cultivation, strong in successive year high yield capacity, disease-resistant and stress-resistant, good in quality and high in economic value; such as honey light, treasure light, spring light, summer black, giant rose, giant peak, moonlight seedless, etc.
(2) The cultivation conditions are as follows: adopting a small shed frame horizontal leaf curtain, wherein the plant spacing is 60cm, and the row spacing is 4 m; y-shaped frame inclined blade screen: the plant spacing is 60cm, and the row spacing is 250 cm.
(3) Primary fruit management: cleaning a garden and sterilizing immediately after fruits are harvested in the previous year in winter, trimming in winter, selecting branch thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm as fruiting mother branches, carrying out short-tip trimming on the fruiting mother branches, accelerating germination immediately after trimming, picking up bud and fixing tip after germination, binding vines, pinching 6 leaves before flowering in the front of a new-tip inflorescence before flowering, and repeatedly pinching 1-2 leaves on auxiliary tips on the new tips; after fruit setting, 1 fruit ear is left at each new shoot, and the fruit ripens from late 6 to late 7 months.
(4) And (3) secondary fruit management: cleaning the garden immediately after the first fruit harvesting, clearing the growth points of the young tips and the auxiliary tips in summer in the last ten days of 7 months, and trimming by using the overlength tips; in late 7 months, 6-8 buds are left for pruning, the distance between the cut opening and the bud is 2cm, and the length of the cut is about 60 cm. Typically after 3 pm. The top 2 leaves were removed and the remaining leaves were all retained.
(5) Promoting germination of winter buds. Applying 50% 25 times of Rongya liquid (dormancy-breaking agent). The smearing method comprises the following steps: wear gloves and paint 2 buds at the top, including internodes and snips. Specifically, the gloves can be firstly provided with rubber gloves and then provided with cotton gloves, the gloves are soaked by the liquid medicine, and 2 buds at the top end are smeared. Watering immediately after the dormancy-breaking agent is coated, and completely watering, including planting and all ground surfaces in a greenhouse, and keeping high humidity. Drip irrigation cannot be used; otherwise, the sprouts are uneven and withered.
Wherein, the dormancy breaking agent must be coated immediately after pruning, and then watering is carried out immediately. The dormancy breaking agent is preferably applied after 4 pm, so that volatilization of the dormancy breaking agent is reduced.
After sprouting, performing large ventilation, and opening an upper ventilation opening, a lower ventilation opening and a rear window; reduce the temperature and humidity in the shed. Generally, 2 buds at the top end germinate, and 1 fruit cluster is selected from 2 new germinated shoots. Before flowering, 3 leaves are left on the inflorescence for pinching. And (4) completely removing the secondary tips or winter bud secondary tips germinated after pinching. The leaf on the inflorescence can be plucked when reaching the size of the nail, and the earlier the plucking is, the larger the later the leaf is; after fruit setting, the plant is continued to grow for 2 times of germination of winter buds until the top of the surface of the rack is picked. After germination, the leaves are sprayed with amino acid foliar fertilizer for 1 time in 4 days. Because the leaves are tender and thin, nutrition needs to be enhanced.
The fertilizer and water management in each period is as follows:
and (3) in the sprouting stage: after pruning and accelerating germination, applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a main material and using phosphorus potassium fertilizer in combination, and paying attention to irrigation to lay a foundation for flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruit setting.
And (3) flowering period: topdressing before flowering, mainly using phosphate fertilizer, applying nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, if branches are too strong, controlling the nitrogen fertilizer, and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time before and after flowering; air moisture preservation is needed in the flowering period of the primary fruits and the secondary fruits, so that pollination is facilitated, and the fruit setting rate is improved.
Fruit expansion period: after fruit setting, top dressing is started, high nitrogen type is used as the main fertilizer in the early stage of young fruit, balanced fertilizer is used in the middle stage, high potassium fertilizer is used in the later stage, and medium trace element fertilizer is applied in a matched manner, so that foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. Watering once about 5 days to keep the soil moist.
Fruit color transition period: the fruits begin to turn color, and the additional fertilizer is noticed, the high potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled and the calcium magnesium fertilizer is supplemented. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. During this period, water control is noted to facilitate the development of grape quality.
After fruit harvest: and after secondary fruit harvesting, applying a base fertilizer for the primary fruit of the next year 20-30 days before pruning, applying a base fertilizer for the secondary fruit 7-14 days after primary fruit harvesting, and spraying a foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times before leaf falling after fruit harvesting. During this period, water control is taken care to facilitate nutrient storage.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the female parent variety is Chuangguang or Miguang.
(III) advantageous effects
(1) Can improve the cross breeding efficiency: the one-year-one-breeding is changed into the two-year-one-breeding, so that the breeding efficiency is greatly improved, and the method has very important significance for breeding. Pollination hybridization among a large number of parents can be carried out, more hybridization samples are obtained, and an ideal hybrid variety can be found quickly.
(2) Is beneficial to the matching of parents: the two-time breeding in one year can enlarge the matching range of parents, and the varieties in different flowering phases can be crossbred by utilizing the interval between the primary flowers and the secondary flowers. The variety with certain difference in flowering period can also be used, the pollen quality is ensured, and the cost for storing the pollen for a long time can be saved.
(3) The cost is reduced, and the breeding quality is improved. The method for solving the problem of different florescence of the parents by crossbreeding is mainly overcome by picking and storing pollen in different places; the breeding method of two-time breeding in one year can realize local pollination by using the fresh pollen in the same year, thereby reducing the pollen collecting cost, improving the pollen quality and ensuring the breeding requirement.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The breeding method for two-year grape cultivation comprises the following specific operations:
(1) preparation of pollinated pollen: pollen of the current year or stored pollen can be collected.
(2) Preparing female parent varieties: the variety is suitable for weak light resistance, easy flower bud formation, strong growth potential, low cold requirement, strong adaptability to facility cultivation, strong yield capacity in successive years, disease resistance, stress resistance, good quality and high economic value. For example, honey light, treasure light, spring light, summer black, giant rose, giant peak, etc.
(3) The female parent variety is cultivated in a double cropping greenhouse: by utilizing a double-cropping cultivation technology in one year, according to the time required by the full maturation of the secondary fruit of the female parent variety, the temperature rise curve of a greenhouse is controlled, and the cultivation management of accelerating germination, promoting flower growth, preserving fruit and promoting secondary flower formation is carried out manually. The cultivation management includes regulation and control of temperature, air humidity, fertilizer, soil humidity and the like.
(4) The pollination method comprises the following steps: bagging the flower spikes 1 week before flowering, and manually removing the male buds 3 days before flowering; when the inflorescence is in the initial stage (i.e. 5% of inflorescence is open) for pollination by taking the non-bagged inflorescence as a reference, the pollination time is around 25 ℃ in the morning (preferably 9-11 hours), and the stigma is preferably honey dew, the pollen is artificially spotted, and the pollination is generally repeated for 3 times.
The method comprises the steps of setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of a greenhouse by utilizing a double-cropping cultivation technology in one year, setting the temperature rise speed of the greenhouse and arranging cultivation management of germination acceleration, flower promotion, fruit preservation and secondary flower promotion in the greenhouse according to the time required by full maturation of secondary fruits of a specific female parent variety.
Wherein the germination accelerating means comprises: immediately cleaning a garden and sterilizing after fruits are harvested in winter in the previous year, trimming in winter, selecting branch thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm as fruiting mother branches, performing short-tip trimming on the fruiting mother branches, and immediately accelerating germination by using lime nitrogen after trimming.
Wherein the flower promoting means comprises: picking buds, fixing tips and binding tendrils after germination, and pinching 6 leaves in front of a new tip inflorescence before blooming, wherein 1-2 leaves are left on auxiliary tips on the new tip for repeated pinching; after fruit setting, 1 inflorescence is reserved in each young sprout, the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃ in the flowering period, and the relative humidity is controlled at about 60% -80%, so that pollination and fruit setting are facilitated.
Wherein the fruit retention means comprises: after fruit setting, top dressing is started, high nitrogen type is used as the main fertilizer in the early stage of young fruit, balanced fertilizer is used in the middle stage, high potassium fertilizer is used in the later stage, and medium trace element fertilizer is applied in a matched manner, so that foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. Watering once about 5 days to keep the soil moist. The fruits begin to turn color, and the additional fertilizer is noticed, the high potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled and the calcium magnesium fertilizer is supplemented. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. During this period, water control is noted to facilitate the development of grape quality.
Wherein the secondary flower formation promoting means comprises: in late 7 months, 6-8 buds of bearing branches are left for pruning, the distance between the cut ends and the buds is 2cm, 2 leaves at the top end are removed, and the rest leaves are all reserved. Applying 50% of a dormancy-breaking agent, namely 25 times of the sprout, on the surface of the water. Wear gloves and paint 2 buds on top, including internode and cut, promote winter bud to germinate. Watering immediately after the dormancy-breaking agent is coated, and completely watering, including planting and all ground surfaces in a greenhouse, and keeping high humidity. The greenhouse is covered by a half, ventilation openings of the greenhouse film are totally closed (an upper ventilation opening, a lower ventilation opening and a rear window), high temperature (35-39 ℃) and high humidity (more than 95%) are kept, and the high temperature and high humidity are beneficial to breaking dormancy. Care was taken to monitor temperature and humidity. Generally, the seeds germinate for about 7 to 10 days; after sprouting, performing large ventilation, and opening an upper ventilation opening, a lower ventilation opening and a rear window; the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse are reduced; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves for 1 time in 4 days. Because the leaves are tender and thin, nutrition needs to be enhanced. The flower is opened twice in about 30 days.
The following are specific examples of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a two-year-raising technique is described by taking a female parent variety "nectar" grape as an example, and the cultivation method of this embodiment includes the following operations:
1. accelerating germination: immediately cleaning a garden and sterilizing after fruits are harvested in winter in the previous year, trimming in winter, selecting branch thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm as fruiting mother branches, performing short-tip trimming on the fruiting mother branches, and immediately accelerating germination by using lime nitrogen after trimming.
2. Promoting flower growth: picking buds, fixing tips and binding tendrils after germination, and pinching 6 leaves in front of a new tip inflorescence before blooming, wherein 1-2 leaves are left on auxiliary tips on the new tip for repeated pinching; after fruit setting, 1 inflorescence is reserved in each young sprout, the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃ in the flowering period, and the relative humidity is controlled at about 60% -80%, so that pollination and fruit setting are facilitated.
3. Fruit preservation: after fruit setting, top dressing is started, high nitrogen type is used as the main fertilizer in the early stage of young fruit, balanced fertilizer is used in the middle stage, high potassium fertilizer is used in the later stage, and medium trace element fertilizer is applied in a matched manner, so that foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. Watering once about 5 days to keep the soil moist. The fruits begin to turn color, and the additional fertilizer is noticed, the high potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled and the calcium magnesium fertilizer is supplemented. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. During this period, water control is noted to facilitate the development of grape quality.
4. Promoting secondary flower formation: in late 7 months, 6-8 buds of bearing branches are left for pruning, the distance between the cut ends and the buds is 2cm, 2 leaves at the top end are removed, and the rest leaves are all reserved. Applying 50% of a dormancy-breaking agent, namely 25 times of the sprout, on the surface of the water. Wear gloves and paint 2 buds on top, including internode and cut, promote winter bud to germinate. Watering immediately after the dormancy-breaking agent is coated, and completely watering, including planting and all ground surfaces in a greenhouse, and keeping high humidity. The greenhouse is covered by a half, ventilation openings of the greenhouse film are totally closed (an upper ventilation opening, a lower ventilation opening and a rear window), high temperature (35-39 ℃) and high humidity (more than 95%) are kept, and the high temperature and high humidity are beneficial to breaking dormancy. Care was taken to monitor temperature and humidity. Generally, the seeds germinate for about 7 to 10 days; after sprouting, performing large ventilation, and opening an upper ventilation opening, a lower ventilation opening and a rear window; the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse are reduced; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves for 1 time in 4 days. Because the leaves are tender and thin, nutrition needs to be enhanced. The flower is opened twice in about 30 days.
5. And (3) cross pollination: before flowering, 3 leaves are left on the inflorescence for pinching. And (4) completely removing the secondary tips or winter bud secondary tips germinated after pinching. The leaf on the inflorescence can be plucked when reaching the size of the nail, and the earlier the plucking is, the larger the later the leaf is; after fruit setting, the plant is continued to grow for 2 times of germination of winter buds until the top of the surface of the rack is picked. In the flowering period, the temperature is controlled to be about 30 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 60-80% so as to be beneficial to pollination and fruit setting. The pollen is stored pollen. The pollination process is as follows: emasculation is carried out 3 days before flowering, and bagging is carried out; and (3) taking the bagged inflorescence as a control, performing hybrid pollination when 5% of flowers are open, wherein the pollination is generally performed in the morning or afternoon, the temperature is preferably 20-25 ℃, and the pollination is generally continuously performed for 3 days, so that the fruit setting rate is improved. Bagging and marking after pollination.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the two-year-culturing technique is described as follows by taking the female parent grape variety "spring light" as an example, and the culturing method of this embodiment includes the following operations:
1. accelerating germination: immediately cleaning a garden and sterilizing after fruits are harvested in winter in the previous year, pruning in winter to select branch thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm as fruiting mother branches, carrying out short-tip pruning on the fruiting mother branches, immediately accelerating germination by using lime nitrogen after pruning,
2. promoting flower growth: picking buds, fixing tips and binding tendrils after germination, and pinching 6 leaves in front of a new tip inflorescence before blooming, wherein 1-2 leaves are left on auxiliary tips on the new tip for repeated pinching; after fruit setting, 1 inflorescence is reserved in each young sprout, the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃ in the flowering period, and the relative humidity is controlled at about 60% -80%, so that pollination and fruit setting are facilitated.
3. Fruit preservation: after fruit setting, top dressing is started, high nitrogen type is used as the main fertilizer in the early stage of young fruit, balanced fertilizer is used in the middle stage, high potassium fertilizer is used in the later stage, and medium trace element fertilizer is applied in a matched manner, so that foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. Watering once about 5 days to keep the soil moist. The fruits begin to turn color, and the additional fertilizer is noticed, the high potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled and the calcium magnesium fertilizer is supplemented. The foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times. During this period, water control is noted to facilitate the development of grape quality.
4. Promoting secondary flower formation: in late 7 months, 6-8 buds of bearing branches are left for pruning, the distance between the cut ends and the buds is 2cm, 2 leaves at the top end are removed, and the rest leaves are all reserved. Applying 50% of a dormancy-breaking agent, namely 25 times of the sprout, on the surface of the water. Wear gloves and paint 2 buds on top, including internode and cut, promote winter bud to germinate. Watering immediately after the dormancy-breaking agent is coated, and completely watering, including planting and all ground surfaces in a greenhouse, and keeping high humidity. The greenhouse is covered by a half, ventilation openings of the greenhouse film are totally closed (an upper ventilation opening, a lower ventilation opening and a rear window), high temperature (35-39 ℃) and high humidity (more than 95%) are kept, and the high temperature and high humidity are beneficial to breaking dormancy. Care was taken to monitor temperature and humidity. Generally, the seeds germinate for about 7 to 10 days; after sprouting, performing large ventilation, and opening an upper ventilation opening, a lower ventilation opening and a rear window; the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse are reduced; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves for 1 time in 4 days. Because the leaves are tender and thin, nutrition needs to be enhanced. The flower is opened twice in about 30 days.
5. And (3) cross pollination: before flowering, 3 leaves are left on the inflorescence for pinching. And (4) completely removing the secondary tips or winter bud secondary tips germinated after pinching. The leaf on the inflorescence can be plucked when reaching the size of the nail, and the earlier the plucking is, the larger the later the leaf is; after fruit setting, the plant is continued to grow for 2 times of germination of winter buds until the top of the surface of the rack is picked. In the flowering period, the temperature is controlled to be about 30 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 60-80% so as to be beneficial to pollination and fruit setting. The pollen is stored pollen. The pollination process is as follows: emasculation and bagging are carried out 3 days before flowering; and (3) taking the bagged inflorescence as a control, performing hybrid pollination when 5% of flowers are open, wherein the pollination is generally performed in the morning or afternoon, the temperature is preferably 20-25 ℃, and the pollination is generally continuously performed for 3 days, so that the fruit setting rate is improved. Bagging and marking after pollination.
As shown in FIG. 1, the scheme of the present invention is applied to the successful examples of the light series common varieties. The fruit ripening time of the first winter bud is 6 months and 10 days, and the fruit is pruned and broken to sleep after 7 months and 20 days; and (4) carrying out winter bud twice in the last 9 th month, and maturing the grapes again in the last 12 th month-Yuan Dan period.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method for two-year grape cultivation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a variety with strong flower bud differentiation capacity as a female parent variety, and cultivating in a greenhouse;
s2, setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of a greenhouse by using a double-cropping cultivation technology, namely setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of the greenhouse according to the time required by the full maturation of the secondary fruit of a specific female parent variety, and arranging cultivation management of germination acceleration, flower promotion, fruit preservation and secondary flower promotion in the greenhouse;
the method is characterized by setting and controlling the temperature rise speed of the greenhouse, and arranging cultivation management of germination accelerating, flower promoting, fruit preserving and secondary flower formation in the greenhouse, and specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) regulating and controlling humidity by adopting a humidifier or a dehumidifier;
(2) accelerating germination: immediately cleaning a garden and sterilizing after fruits are harvested in winter in the previous year, trimming in winter, selecting branch thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm as fruiting mother branches, performing short-tip trimming on the fruiting mother branches, and immediately accelerating germination by using lime nitrogen after trimming;
(3) promoting flower growth: picking buds, fixing tips and binding tendrils after germination, and pinching 6 leaves in front of a new tip inflorescence before blooming, wherein 1-2 leaves are left on auxiliary tips on the new tip for repeated pinching; after fruit setting, each young sprout is reserved with 1 inflorescence, the temperature in the flowering period is controlled at 25 +/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 60-80%, so as to be beneficial to pollination and fruit setting;
(4) fruit preservation: after fruit setting, top dressing is started, high nitrogen type is mainly used in the early stage of young fruit, balanced fertilizer is used in the middle stage, high potassium fertilizer is used in the later stage, medium trace element fertilizer is applied simultaneously, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times; watering once about 5 days to keep the soil moist; when the fruit begins to change color, additional fertilizer is applied, high potassium fertilizer is mainly used, nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, and calcium magnesium fertilizer is supplemented; spraying a leaf fertilizer for 1-2 times; controlling water during fruit retention period to facilitate the quality of grapes;
(5) promoting secondary flower formation: in late 7 th month, remaining 6-8 buds of bearing branches for pruning, cutting off 2 leaves at the top end and completely reserving the rest leaves, wherein the distance between the cut ends and the buds is 2 cm; applying dormancy-breaking agent, wherein the dormancy-breaking agent is 50% of 25 times of solution of the Rong sprout; the smearing method comprises the following steps: 2 buds at the top end are smeared, including internodes and cut openings, so that winter bud germination is promoted; watering immediately after the dormancy breaking agent is coated, and completely watering; covering half of the shed, fully sealing the ventilation opening of the shed film, keeping the temperature at 35-39 ℃ and the relative humidity above 95%, wherein the high-temperature and high-humidity environment is favorable for breaking dormancy; after sprouting, greatly ventilating to reduce the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves for 1 time in 4 days; the second flower blooming after about 30 days of germination; before flowering, 3 leaf pinching parts are left on the inflorescence; completely removing the secondary tips or winter bud secondary tips germinated after pinching; pinching when the upper leaves of the inflorescence reach the size of the nail; after fruit setting, continuing to grow for 2 times of germination of winter buds until top pinching of the shelf surface is reached; the temperature in the flowering period is controlled to be 30 +/-5 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 60-80% so as to be beneficial to pollination and fruit setting;
s3, bagging part of the flower spikes 1 week before the first flowering and the second flowering, and manually removing the male parts 3 days before the flowering; and (3) taking the bagged inflorescence as a reference, and artificially dibbling pollen when the inflorescence enters the initial blooming stage, wherein the pollination time is in the morning and the temperature is 18-28 ℃.
2. A breeding method for grape two-year-old breeding according to claim 1, wherein the initial flowering stage is 5% in inflorescence.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pollinating pollen is current-year pollen or stored previous-year pollen.
4. A breeding method for grape two-year-old breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that the pollination time is selected from artificial pollination when the stigma of the inflorescence shows honeydew, and each pollination is repeated at least 3 times.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection:
selecting a variety which is resistant to weak light, easy to form flower buds, strong in growth potential, low in cold requirement, strong in adaptability to facility cultivation, strong in successive year high yield capacity, disease-resistant and stress-resistant, good in quality and high in economic value;
(2) the cultivation conditions are as follows: adopting a small shed frame horizontal leaf curtain, wherein the plant spacing is 60cm, and the row spacing is 4 m; y-shaped frame inclined blade screen: the plant spacing is 60cm, and the row spacing is 250 cm;
(3) primary fruit management: cleaning a garden and sterilizing immediately after fruits are harvested in the previous year in winter, trimming in winter, selecting branch thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm as fruiting mother branches, carrying out short-tip trimming on the fruiting mother branches, accelerating germination immediately after trimming, picking up bud and fixing tip after germination, binding vines, pinching 6 leaves before flowering in the front of a new-tip inflorescence before flowering, and repeatedly pinching 1-2 leaves on auxiliary tips on the new tips; after fruit setting, 1 fruit ear is left at each new shoot, and the fruit ripens from late 6 months to early 7 months;
(4) and (3) secondary fruit management: cleaning the garden immediately after the first fruit harvesting, clearing the growth points of the young tips and the auxiliary tips in summer in the last ten days of 7 months, and trimming by using the overlength tips; in late 7 months, 6-8 buds are left for pruning, the distance between the cut opening and the bud is 2cm, and the length of the cut opening is 50-65 cm; removing 2 leaves at the top end, and completely reserving the rest leaves;
(5) promoting germination of winter buds: applying a dormancy breaking agent which is a liquid with 50 percent of 25 times of the sprout, wherein the application method comprises the following steps: 2 buds at the top end are smeared, including internodes and cut openings, so that winter bud germination is promoted; watering immediately after the dormancy breaking agent is coated, and completely watering;
after sprouting, greatly ventilating to reduce the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse; selecting and reserving 1 good fruit cluster from the new germinated tips; before flowering, 3 leaf pinching parts are left before inflorescence; completely removing the secondary tips or winter bud secondary tips germinated after pinching; after fruit setting, continuing to grow for 2 times of germination of winter buds until top pinching of the shelf surface is reached; after sprouting, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves for 1 time in 4 days;
(6) fertilizer and water management, comprising:
and (3) in the sprouting stage: after pruning and accelerating germination, applying quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer as a main material, using phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a matching manner, irrigating water, and laying a foundation for flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruit setting;
and (3) flowering period: topdressing before flowering, mainly using phosphate fertilizer and applying nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer; if the branches are too vigorous, the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, and the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1 time before and after flowering; the flowering period of the primary fruit and the secondary fruit needs air moisture preservation, thus being beneficial to pollination and improving the fruit setting rate;
fruit expansion period: after fruit setting, top dressing is started, high nitrogen type is mainly used in the early stage of young fruit, balanced fertilizer is used in the middle stage, high potassium fertilizer is used in the later stage, and medium trace element fertilizer is applied in a matched manner, so that foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times; watering once about 5 days to keep the soil moist;
fruit color transition period: the fruit begins to change color and topdressing, mainly uses high potassium fertilizer, controls nitrogen fertilizer and supplements calcium magnesium fertilizer; the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed for 1-2 times, and water is controlled in the period so as to be beneficial to the formation of the quality of the grapes;
after fruit harvest: after secondary fruit harvesting, applying a base fertilizer for the primary fruit of the next year 20-30 days before pruning, after primary fruit harvesting, applying the base fertilizer for the secondary fruit 7-14 days before pruning, and spraying a foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times before leaf falling after fruit harvesting; the water is controlled in the period to be beneficial to nutrient storage.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the female parent variety is Miguang or Chuguang.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010818938.XA CN111887092B (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010818938.XA CN111887092B (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111887092A CN111887092A (en) | 2020-11-06 |
| CN111887092B true CN111887092B (en) | 2021-11-23 |
Family
ID=73229060
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010818938.XA Active CN111887092B (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111887092B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112586265A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-02 | 扬州大学 | Water-saving irrigation and fruit quality improvement method for grapes |
| CN113197011A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-03 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for planting grapes in two cropping seasons |
| CN113575413A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-02 | 棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司 | Breeding method of new variety of michelia figo |
| CN115152519A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-10-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes |
| CN115316189A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-11 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Breeding method of disease-resistant grape with hard meat flavor |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5497233A (en) * | 1978-01-10 | 1979-08-01 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kk | Cultivation of fruit plant by pollination |
| CN102812901A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2012-12-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving pollination efficiency of bisexual flower grape |
| CN103210764A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-07-24 | 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所 | Double-cropping greenhouse cultivation method for xiangfei grapes |
| CN103636454A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-19 | 任学平 | Double-cropping cultivation method of grapes |
| CN106386379A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-02-15 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | Method for double-cropping efficient cultivation of north facility grapes |
| CN106982702A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-07-28 | 王焕明 | Warmhouse booth grape two crops a year Spring Festival listing technology |
| CN107455227A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2017-12-12 | 陈育财 | A kind of grape inoculation method |
| CN108718893A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out 1 year two high yield cultivating method received of grape using base portion sublateral shoot |
| CN109089717A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-28 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | A kind of cultural method improving the grape abloom rate to yield two crops a year |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004427B (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-08-13 | 白先进 | Cultivation method for delaying one-year two-season harvest of Kyoho grapes |
| CN103688820B (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-03-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | The cultivation method that a kind of south grape 1 year two is received |
| KR20160000026A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-01-04 | 주식회사 네스코 | Composition for promoting an artificial pollination of plants |
| CN104160912B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-05-25 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of double-cropped grape cultivation method |
| CN108157002B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-12-11 | 吉安市园艺场 | Method for cultivating third batch of fruiting in south fresh-eating grape year |
| CN109089870A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-28 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of greenhouse and Chinese flowering crabapple pollinating method of Chinese flowering crabapple pollination |
| CN109197206B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for shortening mango breeding cycle |
| CN110352781A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-22 | 襄阳金美科林农业开发有限公司 | A kind of grape cultivation method of two crops a year |
-
2020
- 2020-08-14 CN CN202010818938.XA patent/CN111887092B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5497233A (en) * | 1978-01-10 | 1979-08-01 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kk | Cultivation of fruit plant by pollination |
| CN102812901A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2012-12-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving pollination efficiency of bisexual flower grape |
| CN103210764A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-07-24 | 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所 | Double-cropping greenhouse cultivation method for xiangfei grapes |
| CN103636454A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-19 | 任学平 | Double-cropping cultivation method of grapes |
| CN106386379A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-02-15 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | Method for double-cropping efficient cultivation of north facility grapes |
| CN106982702A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-07-28 | 王焕明 | Warmhouse booth grape two crops a year Spring Festival listing technology |
| CN107455227A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2017-12-12 | 陈育财 | A kind of grape inoculation method |
| CN108718893A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | It is a kind of to carry out 1 year two high yield cultivating method received of grape using base portion sublateral shoot |
| CN109089717A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-28 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | A kind of cultural method improving the grape abloom rate to yield two crops a year |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 省工葡萄新品种蜜光在广西南宁的引种表现及一年两收栽培技术;韩佳宇;《省工葡萄新品种蜜光在广西南宁的引种表现及一年两收栽培技术》;20200520;全文 * |
| 设施葡萄一年两熟栽培技术简介;韩淑英;《设施葡萄一年两熟栽培技术简介》;20180910;全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111887092A (en) | 2020-11-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN111887092B (en) | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes | |
| CN104521579A (en) | Cherry dense and dwarf planting method | |
| CN107996272B (en) | Stable-yield cultivation method for close planting vineyard thin planting transformation | |
| CN110679380B (en) | Grape cultivation management method | |
| CN101663987B (en) | Method for cutting and propagating chamelaucium plant | |
| CN111279969B (en) | Pruning method suitable for labor-saving and early-yielding of northern rose grapes in northeast China | |
| CN114431014B (en) | Low-carbon light simplified grafting type grafting method independent of high-humidity healing | |
| Kim et al. | Optimal management of tomato leaf pruning in rockwool culture | |
| CN112042459B (en) | Annual double-cropping cultivation method for greenhouse grapes | |
| CN108541577A (en) | A kind of selection of nectarine precocity new varieties | |
| CN114698514A (en) | Cultivation method suitable for thin-skin muskmelon with vine climbing first and vine hanging later | |
| CN110959397B (en) | Grafting method of taxus chinensis var mairei and construction method of hybrid seed garden of taxus chinensis var mairei | |
| CN108718746B (en) | Tree-shaped culture method for kiwifruit canker | |
| CN109566403B (en) | Method for producing seeds by hybridizing pumpkins in two seasons in one year | |
| CN113317099A (en) | Cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation | |
| CN112166928A (en) | Method for adjusting custard apple producing period | |
| CN111296262A (en) | Method for annually producing tomatoes in modern greenhouse | |
| CN111656978A (en) | Cutting propagation method of distant hybrid summer wintersweet | |
| CN111869520A (en) | Early-maturing high-yield cultivation method for enabling muskmelon to bear fruits on main vines | |
| CN106613690B (en) | Management method of walnut tree after grafting | |
| CN111165255A (en) | Method for increasing yield of peach trees by wrong fruiting | |
| CN114766224B (en) | Method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds | |
| CN113303181B (en) | Efficient planting method for promoting early ripening of strawberries in spring | |
| CN115152445B (en) | Method for artificial hybridization breeding by utilizing Yang Shuxi short flowering branches | |
| CN110447483B (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for interplanting small fruit type watermelons and bitter gourds in early spring |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |