CN107996272B - Stable-yield cultivation method for close planting vineyard thin planting transformation - Google Patents
Stable-yield cultivation method for close planting vineyard thin planting transformation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and discloses a stable yield cultivation method for improving the sparse planting of a close-planted vineyard, wherein the improvement of the vineyard comprises the steps of interplanting grapes, cutting trees in batches, culturing four arms and culturing double-bird leaf curtains, wherein the interplanting grapes comprises ridging among rows, controlling tips of old trees, culturing main vines and culturing fruiting mother branches, young grapevines are interplanted among the old grapevines, and the old grapevines are cut off in batches and planted to form the double-bird leaf curtains finally, so that the improvement of the vineyard is completed; the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the dense planting of the vineyard with the multi-span greenhouse is improved, high and stable yield is realized, continuous cropping obstacles are light, the improved vineyard is good in ventilation and light transmission, the tree vigor is balanced, the new tips are bound and are not easy to break, the flower bud differentiation of the grapevine is good, the yield is stable, the fruit quality is improved, the directions of the tips and the flowers and fruits are consistent, and the method is attractive and is convenient to operate and manage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a stable-yield cultivation method for close planting vineyard sparse planting transformation.
Background
The grapes are perennial deciduous vines, the growth potential is strong, and the annual growth amount can reach several meters. The method is characterized in that a dense planting mode is mostly adopted for Zhejiang grapes for many years in consideration of early-stage early production factors, the row spacing is 2.5-2.8m, the planting area of a multi-span greenhouse accounts for 61.2% of the area of facility grapes, V-shaped frame or flat-shed star-shaped cultivation is mostly adopted, 2 rows of grapes are planted in a single greenhouse, 240 plus 267 plants are planted per mu, the new tips of the grapes cultivated in the V-shaped frame grow excessively upwards, the tree vigor is difficult to control, fruit setting of European and American grapes is affected, flower bud differentiation of European and Asian grapes is affected, multiple times of core picking and tip control are needed, more labor is used, chemical binding is needed for middle and long tips during winter pruning, the bud amount is increased for years, the bud picking workload is increased next, and nutrients are wasted. The star-shaped flat shed frame causes the fruiting part to move outwards easily, which causes the waste of space near the trunk, the branch and the tip are easy to cross and shade, the insufficient illumination of the fruit cluster part influences the coloring, and the commodity is difficult to improve. The binding and the coring of the young shoots require the operation of moving a stool or a ladder, and the management takes a lot of labor. Generally, the improvement and the renewal of the orchard of the fruit grower are carried out by digging out old trees and planting again, and because of the influence of soil continuous cropping obstacles, the yield is not high in the first year, and the yield is low in the second year, so that the economic benefit is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a stable-yield cultivation method for close planting vineyard thin planting reconstruction, aiming at the defects of the existing frame type and reconstruction and re-planting.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
a stable-yield cultivation method for sparse planting reformation of a close-planting vineyard comprises the following steps:
(1) grape interplanting:
ridging among rows: 12 months, planting 1 row of young grape trees in the middle of every 2 rows of old grape trees in a close-planting vineyard, wherein the ridge width is 50cm, the soil layer pile height is 40cm, the planting distance between adjacent young grape trees is 4m, and 30-40 grape trees are planted per mu;
controlling the tip of the old tree: pruning treetops of old grapevines which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the saplings and are close to the middle of the greenhouse, and reserving 1600-2000 treetops per acre of the old grapevines; the old grapevine trees at the left and right sides of the young grapevine tree are not or less provided with bearing branches by the middle side of the shed, so that the purpose of ensuring sufficient illumination of the young grapevine trees in the middle is achieved, and the growth of the young grapevine trees is promoted.
Culturing a main vine: in the first year, pinching when the trunk of a young grape tree grows to a position 110cm away from the top of a ridge, pinching an extracted auxiliary tip at a pinching position as a top auxiliary tip, reserving 2 top auxiliary tips, enabling the top auxiliary tips to grow obliquely upwards, enabling the projection of the top auxiliary tips to be perpendicular to the ridge, respectively binding each top auxiliary tip on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, pinching and cultivating the 2 top auxiliary tips for 3 times to form a main vine, pressing the tips by using the steel wires 160cm away from the ground when the main vine grows to an old grape tree planting position, and enabling the end part of the main vine to grow obliquely downwards under the action of the steel wires; by pinching, a large amount of nutrients required by the growth of new shoots can be saved, the thickening of leaves, the plump flower buds and the filling of branches are promoted, and the method is very important for the yield and the quality of grapes in the next year. The steel wire tip pressing and top secondary tip is used for reducing the height of four arms for subsequent cultivation and promoting secondary tip growth to cultivate strong fruiting mother branches.
Culturing the resultant mother branches: in the same year, when the 4 th blade growing on the newly growing secondary tip after the main vine is cored is unfolded, the pinching treatment of reserving 3 blades is carried out on the secondary tip, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded again, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, the secondary tip is cultured into a fruiting mother branch with the thickness of more than 0.8cm, and the middle and short tips are pruned in combination in winter; the pinching method of 3-2-2 can promote the secondary tips to be thick and solid and can also promote the formation of flower buds.
(2) And (3) cutting trees in batches:
first batch: in the first year, digging 6 old grape trees around each young grape tree after harvesting grapes on the old grape trees, accumulating soil at the old grape trees below the young grape trees, applying base fertilizer to the young grape trees and turning over the soil in autumn, wherein the ridge width of the young grape trees in the middle row is 1.5-2m, the ridge height is 50cm, and the rest old grape trees are reserved for bearing fruits in the next year; the autumn applied base fertilizer is used for storing enough nutrition for normal physiological activities of grape trees such as safe overwintering, sprouting, growth and flowering in the next year, improving the soil aggregate structure and loosening the soil, mainly takes organic fertilizer with long fertilizer efficiency, and properly adds phosphate fertilizer to promote rooting, reduce soil fixation and prevent the phenomena of soil phosphorus deficiency in early spring sprouting and flowering.
And (2) second batch: in the second year, the rest old grape trees continue to bear 600-700kg of fruits, are dug out after being harvested, and soil at the old grape trees is accumulated under the young grape trees; when the young grape trees grow to bear fruits, a few old grape trees still remain to bear fruits, which is beneficial to stabilizing economic benefit and does not influence the growth of the young grape trees.
(3) Four arms were cultured: in the second year, winter buds on fruiting mother branches on main vines are extracted to form first fruiting branches, a string of fruits is reserved on each fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 500 plus 600kg, 2 branches on the outermost side of each main vine do not retain flower sequences and are used for culturing four arms, each arm is parallel to the extending direction of a ridge and grows obliquely upwards, when 6 blades are unfolded on each arm, the four arms are bound on a steel wire at a position of 160cm and 5 blades are reserved for pinching treatment, the four arms continue to grow forwards after pinching, pinching is carried out twice until vine branches of adjacent grape saplings are connected, 2 blades are reserved on secondary tips on the first fruiting branches after pinching, half of the first fruiting branches on the main vines are cut after picking fruits, and all the secondary tips on the four arms are cut in winter; cutting off half of the fruit branches on the main vines after picking the fruits so as to fully supply nutrients to four culture arms; the four-arm pinching is processed by a method of 5-4-4, the pinching processing of the last two times is that new 5 leaves grow on the four arms, when the leaves are unfolded, pinching processing of remaining 4 leaves is carried out on the leaves, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forward, new 5 leaves grow out, when the leaves are unfolded, pinching processing of remaining 4 leaves is carried out on the leaves, and after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forward until vines of adjacent young grape trees are connected.
(4) Culturing double-bird leaf curtain shape: in the third year, the sprouts germinated on the 2 main vines are completely removed, second fruiting branches grow on the sprouts on the four arms, the second fruiting branches grow obliquely upwards, the projection of the second fruiting branches is perpendicular to the ridges, each second fruiting branch is bound on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, when the second fruiting branch grows to 100cm, the second fruiting branch is pressed by the steel wires which are parallel to the extending direction of the ridges at the position 10cm below the surface of the frame, a string of fruits is left on each second fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 1300kg, and 2-3 sprouts are reserved on each second fruiting branch for pruning in winter. The double-bird leaf curtain-shaped new shoots are bound and are not easy to break, the steel wires press the shoots to control the vegetative growth, the fruit quality is improved, the winter buds at the base parts of the new shoots are promoted to be differentiated into flower buds, the labor-saving pruning of 2-3 buds is realized, flowers appear in the next year, and the yield is ensured.
Preferably, the variety of the grape is made of astronomical black jade, sun rose, Xinya and red. The selected grapes are all of strong-growth-potential varieties and have the advantages of strong growth potential, fast growth of young trees, good branch maturity, disease resistance and strong adaptability.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: the improved multi-span greenhouse vineyard realizes high yield and stable yield when densely planted, the influence of soil continuous cropping obstacles is light, the improved vineyard has good ventilation and light transmission, the tree vigor is balanced, new shoots are bound and are not easy to break, grape flower buds are excellent in differentiation, short shoots are labor-saving to trim and save labor, the yield is stable, the fruit quality is high, the directions of branches, shoots and flowers and fruits are consistent, and the improved multi-span greenhouse vineyard is attractive and is convenient to operate and manage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grape vine planted in different periods.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-bird leaf curtain shape.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
A stable-yield cultivation method for sparse planting reformation of a close-planting vineyard is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises the following steps: (1) grape interplanting:
ridging among rows: 12 months, planting 1 row of Tian Gong Mao Yu grape saplings in the middle of every 2 rows of Tian Gong Mao Yu grape old trees, wherein the ridge width is 50cm, the soil layer pile height is 40cm, the plant distance of adjacent grape saplings is 4m, and 30 plants are planted per mu;
controlling the tip of the old tree: pruning treetops of old grapevines which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the saplings and are close to the middle of the greenhouse, and reserving 2000 treetops of the old grapevines per mu;
culturing a main vine: in the first year, pinching when the trunk of a young grape tree grows to a position 110cm away from the top of a ridge, pinching an extracted auxiliary tip at a pinching position as a top auxiliary tip, reserving 2 top auxiliary tips, enabling the top auxiliary tips to grow obliquely upwards, enabling the projection of the top auxiliary tips to be perpendicular to the ridge, respectively binding each top auxiliary tip on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, pinching and cultivating the 2 top auxiliary tips for 3 times to form a main vine, pressing the tips by using the steel wires 160cm away from the ground when the main vine grows to an old grape tree planting position, and enabling the end part of the main vine to grow obliquely downwards under the action of the steel wires;
culturing the resultant mother branches: in the same year, when the 4 th blade growing on the newly growing secondary tip after the main vine is cored is unfolded, the pinching treatment of reserving 3 blades is carried out on the secondary tip, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded again, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, the secondary tip is cultured into a fruiting mother branch with the thickness of more than 0.8cm, and the middle and short tips are pruned in combination in winter;
(2) and (3) cutting trees in batches:
first batch: in the first year, digging 6 old grape trees around each young grape tree after harvesting grapes on the old grape trees, accumulating soil at the old grape trees below the young grape trees, applying base fertilizer to the young grape trees and turning over the soil in autumn, wherein the ridge width of the young grape trees in the middle row is 1.5-2m, the ridge height is 50cm, and the rest old grape trees are reserved for bearing fruits in the next year;
and (2) second batch: in the second year, the rest old grape vines continue to bear 700kg of fruits, are dug out after being harvested, and soil at the old grape vines is accumulated under young grape vines;
(3) four arms were cultured: in the second year, winter buds on fruiting mother branches on main vines are extracted to generate first fruiting branches, a bunch of fruits is reserved on each fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 600kg, 2 branches on the outermost side of each main vine are not reserved with inflorescences and are used for culturing four arms, each arm grows in parallel to the extending direction of ridges and obliquely upwards, when 6 blades are unfolded on each arm, the four arms are tied on a steel wire at a position of 160cm and are reserved with 5 blades for pinching treatment, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards, 5 new blades are grown, when the blades are unfolded, pinching treatment of 4 blades is performed on the blades, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards until vines of adjacent grape young trees are connected, 2 auxiliary tips on the first fruiting branches are reserved with dead tips, cutting half of the first fruiting branch on the main vine after picking fruits, and completely cutting off the auxiliary tips on the four arms until winter;
(4) culturing double-bird leaf curtain shape: in the third year, the sprouts germinated on the 2 main vines are completely removed, second fruiting branches grow on the sprouts on the four arms, the second fruiting branches grow obliquely upwards, the projection of the second fruiting branches is perpendicular to the ridges, each second fruiting branch is bound on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, when the second fruiting branch grows to 100cm, the second fruiting branch is pressed by the steel wires which are parallel to the extending direction of the ridges at the position 10cm below the surface of the frame, a string of fruits is left on each second fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 1300kg, and 3 sprouts are left on each second fruiting branch for pruning in winter.
The variety of the grapes is made of astronomical black jade.
Example 2
A stable-yield cultivation method for sparse planting reformation of a close-planting vineyard is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises the following steps: (1) grape interplanting:
ridging among rows: 12 months, planting 1 row of Tian Gong Mao Yu grape saplings in the middle of every 2 rows of Tian Gong Mao Yu grape old trees, wherein the ridge width is 50cm, the soil layer pile height is 40cm, the plant distance of adjacent grape saplings is 4m, and 30 plants are planted per mu;
controlling the tip of the old tree: pruning treetops of old grapevines which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the saplings and are close to the middle of the greenhouse, and reserving 1600 treetops of the old grapevines per mu;
culturing a main vine: in the first year, pinching when the trunk of a young grape tree grows to a position 110cm away from the top of a ridge, pinching an extracted auxiliary tip at a pinching position as a top auxiliary tip, reserving 2 top auxiliary tips, enabling the top auxiliary tips to grow obliquely upwards, enabling the projection of the top auxiliary tips to be perpendicular to the ridge, respectively binding each top auxiliary tip on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, pinching and cultivating the 2 top auxiliary tips for 3 times to form a main vine, pressing the tips by using the steel wires 160cm away from the ground when the main vine grows to an old grape tree planting position, and enabling the end part of the main vine to grow obliquely downwards under the action of the steel wires;
culturing the resultant mother branches: in the same year, when the 4 th blade growing on the newly growing secondary tip after the main vine is cored is unfolded, the pinching treatment of reserving 3 blades is carried out on the secondary tip, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded again, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, the secondary tip is cultured into a fruiting mother branch with the thickness of more than 0.8cm, and the middle and short tips are pruned in combination in winter;
(2) and (3) cutting trees in batches:
first batch: in the first year, digging 6 old grape trees around each young grape tree after harvesting grapes on the old grape trees, accumulating soil at the old grape trees below the young grape trees, applying base fertilizer to the young grape trees and turning over the soil in autumn, wherein the ridge width of the young grape trees in the middle row is 2m, the ridge height is 50cm, and the rest old grape trees are reserved for fruit hanging in the next year;
and (2) second batch: in the second year, the rest old grape vines continue to bear 600kg of fruits, are dug out after being harvested, and soil at the old grape vines is accumulated under young grape vines;
(3) four arms were cultured: in the second year, winter buds on fruiting mother branches on main vines are extracted to generate first fruiting branches, a bunch of fruits are reserved on each fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 500kg, 2 branches on the outermost side of each main vine are not reserved with inflorescences and are used for culturing four arms, each arm grows in parallel to the extending direction of ridges and obliquely upwards, when 6 blades are unfolded on each arm, the four arms are bound on a steel wire at a position of 160cm and are reserved with 5 blades for pinching treatment, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards, 5 new blades are grown, when the blades are unfolded, pinching treatment of 4 blades is performed on the blades, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards, until vines of adjacent young grape trees are connected, 2 blades on an auxiliary tip on the first fruiting branch are reserved and are pinched, cutting half of the first fruiting branch on the main vine after picking fruits, and completely cutting off the auxiliary tips on the four arms until winter;
(4) culturing double-bird leaf curtain shape: in the third year, the sprouts germinated on the 2 main vines are completely removed, second fruiting branches grow on the sprouts on the four arms, the second fruiting branches grow obliquely upwards, the projection of the second fruiting branches is perpendicular to the ridges, each second fruiting branch is bound on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, when the second fruiting branch grows to 100cm, the second fruiting branch is pressed by the steel wires which are parallel to the extending direction of the ridges at the position 10cm below the surface of the frame, a string of fruits is left on each second fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 1200kg, and 2 sprouts are left on each second fruiting branch for pruning in winter.
The variety of the grapes is made of astronomical black jade.
Example 3
A stable-yield cultivation method for sparse planting reformation of a close-planting vineyard is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises the following steps: (1) grape interplanting:
ridging among rows: 12 months, planting 1 row of Tian Gong Mao Yu grape saplings in the middle of every 2 rows of Tian Gong Mao Yu grape old trees, wherein the ridge width is 50cm, the soil layer pile height is 40cm, the plant distance of adjacent grape saplings is 4m, and 35 plants are planted per mu;
controlling the tip of the old tree: pruning treetops of old grapevines which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the saplings and are close to the middle of the greenhouse, and leaving 1800 grapevine treetops per mu;
culturing a main vine: in the first year, pinching when the trunk of a young grape tree grows to a position 110cm away from the top of a ridge, pinching an extracted auxiliary tip at a pinching position as a top auxiliary tip, reserving 2 top auxiliary tips, enabling the top auxiliary tips to grow obliquely upwards, enabling the projection of the top auxiliary tips to be perpendicular to the ridge, respectively binding each top auxiliary tip on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, pinching and cultivating the 2 top auxiliary tips for 3 times to form a main vine, pressing the tips by using the steel wires 160cm away from the ground when the main vine grows to an old grape tree planting position, and enabling the end part of the main vine to grow obliquely downwards under the action of the steel wires;
culturing the resultant mother branches: in the same year, when the 4 th blade growing on the newly growing secondary tip after the main vine is cored is unfolded, the pinching treatment of reserving 3 blades is carried out on the secondary tip, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded again, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, the secondary tip is cultured into a fruiting mother branch with the thickness of more than 0.8cm, and the middle and short tips are pruned in combination in winter;
(2) and (3) cutting trees in batches:
first batch: in the first year, digging 6 old grape trees around each young grape tree after harvesting grapes on the old grape trees, accumulating soil at the old grape trees below the young grape trees, applying base fertilizer to the young grape trees and turning over the soil in autumn, wherein the ridge width of the young grape trees in the middle row is 1.8m, the ridge height is 50cm, and the rest old grape trees are reserved for bearing fruits in the next year;
and (2) second batch: in the second year, the residual old grape vines continue to bear 650kg of fruits, are dug out after being harvested, and soil at the old grape vines is accumulated under young grape vines;
(3) four arms were cultured: in the second year, winter buds on fruiting mother branches on main vines are extracted to generate first fruiting branches, a bunch of fruits is reserved on each fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 550kg, 2 branches on the outermost side of each main vine are not reserved with inflorescences and are used for culturing four arms, each arm grows in parallel to the extending direction of ridges and obliquely upwards, when 6 blades are unfolded on each arm, the four arms are bound on a steel wire at a position of 160cm and are reserved with 5 blades for pinching treatment, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards to grow 5 new blades, when the blades are unfolded, pinching treatment of the 4 blades is carried out on the blades, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards until vines of adjacent young grape trees are connected, after 2 blades are reserved on the first fruiting branch, pinching is stopped, cutting half of the first fruiting branch on the main vine after picking fruits, and completely cutting off the auxiliary tips on the four arms until winter;
(4) culturing double-bird leaf curtain shape: in the third year, the sprouts germinated on the 2 main vines are completely removed, second fruiting branches grow on the sprouts on the four arms, the second fruiting branches grow obliquely upwards, the projection of the second fruiting branches is perpendicular to the ridges, each second fruiting branch is bound on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, when the second fruiting branch grows to 100cm, the second fruiting branch is pressed by the steel wires which are parallel to the extending direction of the ridges at the position 10cm below the surface of the frame, a string of fruits is left on each second fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 1250kg, and 2 sprouts are left on each second fruiting branch for pruning in winter.
The variety of the grapes is made of astronomical black jade.
Example 4
A stable-yield cultivation method for sparse planting reformation of a close-planting vineyard is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises the following steps: (1) grape interplanting:
ridging among rows: 12 months, planting 1 row of young plants of the sunshine rose in the middle of each 2 rows of old plants of the sunshine rose grapes in a close planting vineyard of the sunshine rose, wherein the ridge width is 50cm, the soil layer pile height is 40cm, the plant distance between adjacent young plants of the grapes is 4m, and 35 plants are planted per mu;
controlling the tip of the old tree: pruning treetops of old grapevines which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the saplings and are close to the middle of the greenhouse, and leaving 1800 grapevine treetops per mu;
culturing a main vine: in the first year, pinching when the trunk of a young grape tree grows to a position 110cm away from the top of a ridge, pinching an extracted auxiliary tip at a pinching position as a top auxiliary tip, reserving 2 top auxiliary tips, enabling the top auxiliary tips to grow obliquely upwards, enabling the projection of the top auxiliary tips to be perpendicular to the ridge, respectively binding each top auxiliary tip on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, pinching and cultivating the 2 top auxiliary tips for 3 times to form a main vine, pressing the tips by using the steel wires 160cm away from the ground when the main vine grows to an old grape tree planting position, and enabling the end part of the main vine to grow obliquely downwards under the action of the steel wires;
culturing the resultant mother branches: in the same year, when the 4 th blade growing on the newly growing secondary tip after the main vine is cored is unfolded, the pinching treatment of reserving 3 blades is carried out on the secondary tip, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded again, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, the secondary tip is cultured into a fruiting mother branch with the thickness of more than 0.8cm, and the middle and short tips are pruned in combination in winter;
(2) and (3) cutting trees in batches:
first batch: in the first year, digging 6 old grape trees around each young grape tree after harvesting grapes on the old grape trees, accumulating soil at the old grape trees below the young grape trees, applying base fertilizer to the young grape trees and turning over the soil in autumn, wherein the ridge width of the young grape trees in the middle row is 1.8m, the ridge height is 50cm, and the rest old grape trees are reserved for bearing fruits in the next year;
and (2) second batch: in the second year, the residual old grape vines continue to bear 650kg of fruits, are dug out after being harvested, and soil at the old grape vines is accumulated under young grape vines;
(3) four arms were cultured: in the second year, winter buds on fruiting mother branches on main vines are extracted to generate first fruiting branches, a bunch of fruits is reserved on each fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 550kg, 2 branches on the outermost side of each main vine are not reserved with inflorescences and are used for culturing four arms, each arm grows in parallel to the extending direction of ridges and obliquely upwards, when 6 blades are unfolded on each arm, the four arms are bound on a steel wire at a position of 160cm and are reserved with 5 blades for pinching treatment, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards to grow 5 new blades, when the blades are unfolded, pinching treatment of the 4 blades is carried out on the blades, after pinching, the four arms continue to grow forwards until vines of adjacent young grape trees are connected, after 2 blades are reserved on the first fruiting branch, pinching is stopped, cutting half of the first fruiting branch on the main vine after picking fruits, and completely cutting off the auxiliary tips on the four arms until winter;
(4) culturing double-bird leaf curtain shape: in the third year, the sprouts germinated on the 2 main vines are completely removed, second fruiting branches grow on the sprouts on the four arms, the second fruiting branches grow obliquely upwards, the projection of the second fruiting branches is perpendicular to the ridges, each second fruiting branch is bound on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, when the second fruiting branch grows to 100cm, the second fruiting branch is pressed by the steel wires which are parallel to the extending direction of the ridges at the position 10cm below the surface of the frame, a string of fruits is left on each second fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 1250kg, and 2 sprouts are left on each second fruiting branch for pruning in winter.
The variety of the grape is sunshine rose.
Example 5
A stable yield cultivation method for sparse planting reformation of a close-planting vineyard is characterized in that a variety selected by grapes is novel and elegant, and the cultivation steps are the same as those in example 4.
Example 6
A stable yield cultivation method for sparse planting and transformation of a close-planting vineyard is characterized in that a variety selected from grapes is red, and the cultivation steps are the same as those in embodiment 4.
In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A stable-yield cultivation method for sparse planting reformation of a close-planting vineyard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) grape interplanting:
ridging among rows: 12 months, planting 1 row of young grape trees in the middle of every 2 rows of old grape trees in a close-planting vineyard, wherein the ridge width is 50cm, the soil layer pile height is 40cm, the planting distance between adjacent young grape trees is 4m, and 30-40 grape trees are planted per mu;
controlling the tip of the old tree: pruning treetops of old grapevines which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the saplings and are close to the middle of the greenhouse, and reserving 1600-2000 treetops per acre of the old grapevines;
culturing a main vine: in the first year, pinching when the trunk of a young grape tree grows to a position 110cm away from the top of a ridge, pinching an extracted auxiliary tip at a pinching position as a top auxiliary tip, reserving 2 top auxiliary tips, enabling the top auxiliary tips to grow obliquely upwards, enabling the projection of the top auxiliary tips to be perpendicular to the ridge, respectively binding each top auxiliary tip on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, pinching and cultivating the 2 top auxiliary tips for 3 times to form a main vine, pressing the tips by using the steel wires 160cm away from the ground when the main vine grows to an old grape tree planting position, and enabling the end part of the main vine to grow obliquely downwards under the action of the steel wires;
culturing the resultant mother branches: in the same year, when the 4 th blade growing on the newly growing secondary tip after the main vine is cored is unfolded, the pinching treatment of reserving 3 blades is carried out on the secondary tip, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, when the 3 rd blade growing from the secondary tip sprouting from the pinching part is unfolded again, the pinching treatment is carried out by reserving 2 blades, the secondary tip is cultured into a fruiting mother branch with the thickness of more than 0.8cm, and the middle and short tips are pruned in combination in winter;
(2) and (3) cutting trees in batches:
first batch: in the first year, digging 6 old grape trees around each young grape tree after harvesting grapes on the old grape trees, accumulating soil at the old grape trees below the young grape trees, applying base fertilizer to the young grape trees and turning over the soil in autumn, wherein the ridge width of the young grape trees in the middle row is 1.5-2m, the ridge height is 50cm, and the rest old grape trees are reserved for bearing fruits in the next year;
and (2) second batch: in the second year, the rest old grape trees continue to bear 600-700kg of fruits, are dug out after being harvested, and soil at the old grape trees is accumulated under the young grape trees;
(3) four arms were cultured: in the second year, winter buds on fruiting mother branches on main vines are extracted to form first fruiting branches, a string of fruits is reserved on each fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 500 plus 600kg, 2 branches on the outermost side of each main vine do not retain flower sequences and are used for culturing four arms, each arm is parallel to the extending direction of a ridge and grows obliquely upwards, when 6 blades are spread on each arm, the four arms are bound on a steel wire at a position of 160cm and 5 blades are reserved for pinching treatment, the four arms continue to grow forwards after pinching, pinching is carried out for 2 times until vine branches of adjacent grape saplings are connected, 2 blades on secondary tips on the first fruiting branches are completely pinched after fruit picking, half of the first fruiting branches on the main vines are cut after fruit picking, and all the secondary tips on the four arms are cut in winter;
(4) culturing double-bird leaf curtain shape: in the third year, the sprouts germinated on the 2 main vines are completely removed, second fruiting branches grow on the sprouts on the four arms, the second fruiting branches grow obliquely upwards, the projection of the second fruiting branches is perpendicular to the ridges, each second fruiting branch is bound on 4 steel wires with the height being 180cm away from the ground, when the second fruiting branch grows to 100cm, the second fruiting branch is pressed by the steel wires which are parallel to the extending direction of the ridges at the position 10cm below the surface of the frame, a string of fruits is left on each second fruiting branch, the yield is controlled to be 1300kg, and 2-3 sprouts are reserved on each second fruiting branch for pruning in winter.
2. The stable yield cultivation method for the sparse planting reformation of the close planting vineyard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grape is selected from Tiangong black jade, sunshine rose, Xinya, red.
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| CN112136596B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-03-21 | 锦州佳润农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of high-quality grapes |
| CN113079934B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-10-11 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Grape planting method and management method capable of harvesting fruits and leaves |
| CN113179850A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-30 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Improved ridge type shed frame for harvesting fruits and leaves and application and cultivation method thereof |
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