CN114766224B - Method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds - Google Patents
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- CN114766224B CN114766224B CN202210641057.4A CN202210641057A CN114766224B CN 114766224 B CN114766224 B CN 114766224B CN 202210641057 A CN202210641057 A CN 202210641057A CN 114766224 B CN114766224 B CN 114766224B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds, which comprises the following steps: step 1, scion preparation; step 2, stock preparation; step 3, grafting; step 4, planting grafted seedlings; and 5, flowering and pollination, and harvesting seeds which meet the production requirements of hybrid seeds. The invention takes 2 months plus one growth period time, and the task which can be completed only by 2 growth periods is completed, thus greatly shortening the commercialization process of the scientific research result; the yield and the efficiency are improved, a plurality of new plants with the same genotype can be rapidly copied through stem grafting, and the subsequent test is prevented from being performed after one growth period due to multiple planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding.
Background
In cucumber stock scientific research, the following situations often occur: the homozygous single plant material 20RC008 shows very good performance, 5 ten thousand seeds are needed for arranging production work, but because the single plant material is 105 seeds of the original seed, the seeds are fewer, and at least two generations of propagation are needed to meet the production requirement, in the problem, the prior art does not have a good method for solving the problem, usually, 105 seeds of 20RC008 are sowed and planted, and the seeds are harvested after one period (spring stubble) of planting; then sowing, planting, pollination and harvesting in one period (autumn or spring). By this method, 2 growth cycles (1-2 years) were required to obtain enough seeds to schedule the subsequent trials, and it was seen that the earliest of which was 12 months of current year planting, seeds of sister cross of 20RC008 material were harvested. It can be seen that the breeding speed is seriously affected in two generations, namely 1 year (the generation of cucumber stock is scientific research for arranging spring stubble and autumn stubble for 2 seasons) or even 2 years (1 year and 1 season).
The cucumber stock scientific research work is a work which takes a long time, at least 6 generations (3-6 years) are needed for determining, assembling, separating, screening and purifying a part of materials, the materials are subjected to identification evaluation, assembling and grafting test evaluation after purification, and finally, the materials can be sold after market evaluation, so that the period is long; the new variety is updated quickly in the market, the new variety is layered endlessly, the new variety is pushed out a year earlier, the market is occupied, and the new variety is possibly not yet developed and replaced by other varieties after being pushed out. For conventional scientific research, every link of the scientific research is necessary, the shortening of the breeding period is difficult to realize, and no suitable method is available at present to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical means that: a method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds comprises the following steps:
step 1, scion preparation: according to the production crops for rotation, germination accelerating and seeding are carried out on the materials in 12 months, the seedling stage is normally managed, when the materials are planted in the greenhouse field at the proper age of 1 month in the second year, the materials grow normally, all the lateral branches are reserved after the lateral branches are grown, the main vines and the lateral branches are hung up, the lateral branches are the same as the main vines, the plants grow to have 7-8 lateral branches in 2 months, and when about 10 stem knots grow on each lateral branch, grafting is prepared;
step 2, stock preparation: determining proper cucumber stock varieties and seed quantity according to scion variety types and planned grafting quantity, sowing stock seeds at the beginning of 2 months, and removing growing points and true leaves of the cucumber stock at a position close to 0.5cm of cotyledon axils before grafting;
step 3, grafting: spraying bactericide to the scion and the stock before grafting, watering the stock and the scion thoroughly every night before grafting, properly shading to ensure the low light environment of a grafting place during grafting, and splitting the stem of the stock about 1.5cm downwards at the position where the growth point trace is removed from the stock during grafting; cutting off the stem of the scion, which is 3-4cm away from the end of the growing point, cutting each stem of the lower part of the growing point, cutting off one grafting section, cutting off two sides of each stem of the cut stem section at 0.5cm, beveling one cutter on each side of the stem section to ensure that the stem of the lower part of the scion is about 1cm wedge-shaped, inserting the scion into a prepared stock splitting opening, winding and fixing the scion wedge-shaped stem on one side of the scion to be completely overlapped with the stock splitting opening, winding and fixing the scion by using a film strip with the width of 1.5-2cm after grafting, clamping by using a grafting clip, grafting all the stem sections of the side branch, grafting the last scion growing point, keeping the grafting point for continuous growth, putting the grafted seedling tray on a seedling bed in an integrated manner, building a shed by using a film on the seedling bed to ensure that the air humidity of the hole tray is not permeable, keeping a weak light state after grafting 3 days, keeping a closed state, properly uncovering the film when the light is not strong after 4 days, and gradually removing the film when the film is not strong, and gradually cooling down along with the grafting time, and keeping the same time, and keeping the air-impermeable condition, and gradually increasing the air-permeable condition until the grafting condition is normal;
step 4, planting grafted seedlings: 2 new leaves grow out of the grafted seedling, field planting is carried out when normal growth starts, the clamp and the film wound around the stem are still reserved when field planting, robust grafted seedling field planting is selected, the grafting wound position is exposed on the ground when field planting, and the film and the clamp are cleaned when normal growth is carried out after seedling recovery;
step 5, flowering and pollination: sister cross pollination, 2-3 female flowers are pollinated for each plant, seeds are harvested, and the seeds meet the production requirements of hybrid seeds.
In step 1, all the lateral branches are reserved after the lateral branches are generated, and the main vines and the lateral branches are hung by the same hanging method.
In step 1, the upper side branches and the tender stems of the main vines of the plants are cut off before grafting, put into a plastic bag for low-temperature moisturizing and retrieval, and put at a shading place, and if the side branches are cut off on the same day and grafted on the same day, the plant is required to be preserved in a low-temperature moisturizing mode to prevent wilting.
Further, in the step 2, fertilizer water application is controlled in seedling stage management, so that the stems of the stocks are as thick as possible, and grafting is prepared when the three leaves of the stocks are at the same heart.
Further, in the step 3, grafting is performed in sunny weather in order to increase the survival rate; the grafting tool adopts a blade, a grafting clip and a wood stick, and before grafting, the blade and the grafting clip are sprayed with alcohol for disinfection, an operating table of a hole tray is supported by a plastic basket, and the wood stick is used for supporting in order to prevent grafted seedlings from lodging.
Further, in the step 5, sisters cross pollinate, and the pollination time is 10 am ago.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the total time of adding one growth period is 2 months, the task which can be completed only by 2 growth periods is completed, and the commercialization process of the scientific research result is greatly shortened; the yield and the efficiency are improved, a plurality of new plants with similar genotypes can be rapidly copied through stem grafting, and the subsequent test is prevented from being performed after one growth period due to multiple planting.
Detailed Description
Examples
The material is purified to 20RC008 in the arch shed material field of the Leisha park in 11 late 2020, and has the advantages of developed root system, strong growth, good disease resistance and no premature senility. Hybrid production is planned, but only one selfed fruit is 20RC008, 105 seeds are needed, and the seeds are too few to finish production tasks. If sister cross production of 20RC008 is arranged first, hybridization production is arranged after seeds are harvested, one growth period needs to be delayed, and a proper sowing crop is needed for a hybrid variety test, the crop is missed, and a year is needed again, so that the popularization progress of the product is seriously affected. In order to solve the difficult problem, the hybridization production task is guaranteed to be completed as much as possible, and the product popularization speed is improved.
The grafting method is a very common method for changing roots of plants, is mainly used for producing melons and solanaceous vegetables, aims to improve disease resistance, yield and quality of roots of vegetable varieties, is commonly used for grafting seedlings, the cucumber stock grafting is generally carried out by taking pumpkin as a stock, taking cucumber as a scion, taking the new leaf of the stock as the coin and flattening the cotyledon of the scion, and is suitable for grafting for only 1-2 days, and 1 plant of pumpkin seedling and 1 plant of cucumber seedling are consumed by 1 plant of grafted seedling. The stem grafting method is a method for grafting 50-60 grafting seedlings by taking pumpkin seedlings as stock and taking 45-60-day-old pumpkin plant stems as scions. The required sister cross seeds can be obtained 8 months in 2021, and rapid propagation of the material is realized.
The detailed steps are as follows:
1. scion (20 RC 008) preparation: according to the production crops for rotation, germination accelerating and seeding are carried out on 20RC008 materials on 12 months and 15 days in 2020, the seedling stage is normally managed, after the seedlings are planted in greenhouse fields at proper ages of 1 month and 5 days in 21 years, normal growth is carried out, all the lateral branches are reserved after the lateral branches are grown, the main vines and the lateral branches are hung, the lateral branches are the same as the main vines, the plants grow to about 20 days in 2 months, 7-8 lateral branches are arranged, and about 10 stem knots can be prepared for grafting.
2. Stock preparation: determining proper cucumber stock varieties and seed quantity according to the types of scion varieties and planned grafting quantity, and sowing stock seeds in 2 months and 5 days of 21 years; fertilizer water application is controlled during seedling stage management, so that the stems of the stocks are as thick as possible, and the stocks are ready for grafting when the three leaves of the stocks are at the same heart.
3. Grafting: the stock is best in one leaf and one heart when the conventional grafting method is used for grafting, and the scion is unfolded smoothly for cotyledon (the second day of the general scion emergence), but because the scion to be grafted is 2 months of cucumber stock stem nodes, the stock used for grafting is relatively thick, the growth time of the stock is about 5-8 days longer than that of the conventional grafting stock, and the stock is generally better in 3 leaves and one heart. The grafting is carried out in sunny weather, so that the survival rate is higher; spraying a bactericide to the scion and the stock before grafting, and thoroughly watering the stock and the scion at night before grafting, wherein proper shading is needed during grafting to ensure the low light environment of a grafting place; the grafting tool is mainly a shaving blade, a grafting clip and a fine wood stick. Before grafting, the blade and the grafting clip are sprayed with alcohol for disinfection. An operating platform capable of placing the plug tray is supported by a plastic basket and the like. Stock preparation: removing growing points and true leaves of the pumpkin stock at a position 0.5cm close to axils of cotyledons, and splitting the stem of the stock about 1.5cm downwards at a position perpendicular to cotyledons at a trace of the removed growing points of the stock for later use during grafting; scion preparation: cutting off the upper side branches and the main vines of the 20RC008 plants before grafting, putting the cut upper side branches and the main vines into a plastic bag for low-temperature moisture preservation and retrieval, putting the cut upper side branches and the main vines at a shading place (grafting can not be performed on the day, if grafting can not be performed on the day, low-temperature moisture preservation is needed to prevent wilting) for starting grafting, cutting off the stem of 3-4cm away from the end (lower part) of a growing point of each scion stem node during grafting, cutting off one grafting node at each lower part of the growing point, cutting off one grafting node, beveling two sides of each cut lower part of each stem node at 0.5cm to enable the stems of the lower parts of the scions to be approximately 1cm in a wedge shape, inserting the scions into prepared scion cleavage openings of the stock, winding and fixing the scion one side of the wedge-shaped stems of the scions with a film strip with the width of 1.5-2cm after grafting, clamping the scion stem node with a clamp, and supporting the scion with a stick for preventing the head from being heavy and the seedling lodging. All the stem knots of the lateral branches are grafted, and finally, a scion growing point is formed, about 3 cm to 4cm, and the same grafting is performed, but the upper part of the growing point is reserved for continuous growth. The grafted seedling trays are placed on a seedling raising bed in an integrated manner, a film is used for building a shed on the seedling raising bed, ventilation is guaranteed, so that the aperture tray and the air humidity are guaranteed, a weak light state is kept for 3 days before grafting, a mulching film is kept in a closed state, the film ventilation can be properly uncovered when illumination is not strong in the morning and evening after 4 days, the time length is suitable for preventing scions from wilting, the ventilation time is continuously prolonged along with the increase of days after grafting, the illumination time is gradually increased as well as the ventilation time until the film shed is finally removed, and finally the scions can be normally managed under normal environmental conditions without wilting.
4. Planting grafted seedlings: 2 new leaves grow out of the grafted seedling, normal growth starts, the grafted seedling can be planted, the clamp and the thin film wound around the stem still need to be reserved during planting, robust grafted seedling planting is screened, the grafting wound position needs to be exposed on the ground during planting, and the thin film and the clamp are cleaned off during normal growth after seedling recovery. And (5) normal management of people.
5. Flowering pollination (sister crossing): sister cross pollination is a common method for propagating a homozygous material, and refers to that male flowers of the same material provide pollen for female flowers of the same material to pollinate, and the female flowers can be flowers of the same plant or flowers of other plants in a population. The proper pollination time is before 10 am, each plant pollinates 2-3 female flowers, about 5000 plants of 1.2 ten thousand fruits are harvested in the test, and the harvested seeds meet the production requirements of hybrid seeds.
The time periods of the scions, the stocks, the seedlings and the number of seeds finally obtained are shown in the following table.
This is done: it takes 2 months (the 2 months are winter, the environment temperature is low, the pumpkin can not bloom and fruit normally, but does not affect the growth of plant stem and vine as scion) +one growth cycle time to complete the task which can not be completed by 2 growth cycles, thus greatly shortening the commercialization process of the scientific research result.
While the invention has been described and illustrated in detail in the foregoing description with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it should be noted that various equivalent changes and modifications could be made to the above described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing pumpkin scions: according to the production crops for rotation, germination accelerating and seeding are carried out on 20RC008 materials in 12 months, normal management is carried out in a seedling stage, the seedlings are planted in a greenhouse field for 1 month of proper age in the second year, normal growth is carried out, all side branches are reserved after the side branches are grown, the main vines and the side branches are hung up, the side branches are the same as the main vines, 7-8 side branches are grown in 2 months, and when 10 stem knots are grown on each side branch, grafting is prepared;
step 2, stock preparation: determining proper cucumber stock varieties and seed quantity according to scion variety types and planned grafting quantity, sowing stock seeds at the beginning of 2 months, and removing growing points and true leaves of the cucumber stock at a position close to 0.5cm of cotyledon axils before grafting;
step 3, grafting: spraying bactericide to the scion and the stock before grafting, watering the stock and the scion thoroughly every night before grafting, properly shading to ensure the low light environment of a grafting place during grafting, and splitting the stem of the stock for 1.5cm downwards at the position where the growth point trace is removed from the stock during grafting; cutting off stalks of 3-4cm away from the end of a growing point, cutting off one grafting node, cutting off each stalk node at the lower part of the growing point, cutting off one grafting node, obliquely cutting two sides of each stalk node at 0.5cm of the lower part of the cut stalk node to enable the stalk at the lower part of the scion to be 1cm wedge-shaped, inserting the scion into a prepared stock splitting opening, properly uncovering the film when one side of the wedge-shaped stalk of the scion is completely overlapped with the splitting opening of the stock, winding and fixing the scion by using a film strip with the width of 1.5-2cm after grafting, clamping by using a grafting clip, grafting all the stalk nodes of the side branch, grafting the last scion growing point, keeping the grafting point for continuous growth, putting the grafted seedling disc on a seedling raising bed uniformly, building a shed by using a film on the seedling bed, guaranteeing the air impermeability, guaranteeing the air humidity of the plug disc, keeping the weak light state after grafting, keeping the sealing state, properly uncovering the film when the light is not strong after 4 days, properly uncovering the film when the scion the time length is not collapsed, and the scion the premise that the film is not consumed in the time is increased, and the air permeability is not increased until the film is not normally consumed after the grafting time is increased, and the air permeability is increased, and the air is also normally kept under the conditions;
step 4, planting grafted seedlings: 2 new leaves grow out of the grafted seedling, field planting is carried out when normal growth starts, the clamp and the film wound around the stem are still reserved when field planting, robust grafted seedling field planting is selected, the grafting wound position is exposed on the ground when field planting, and the film and the clamp are cleaned when normal growth is carried out after seedling recovery;
step 5, flowering and pollination: sister cross pollination, 2-3 female flowers are pollinated for each plant, seeds are harvested, and the seeds meet the production requirements of hybrid seeds.
2. A method for rapid propagation of cucumber rootstock material seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, all the side branches are reserved after the side branches are generated, and the main vines and the side branches are hung by the same hanging method.
3. A method for rapid propagation of cucumber rootstock material seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the upper side branches and the main tender stems of the plants are cut off before grafting, put into a plastic bag for low-temperature moisture preservation and retrieval, and are put at a shading place, and if the side branches cut on the same day are not grafted on the same day, the plant needs to be preserved at low temperature for moisture preservation to prevent wilting.
4. A method for rapid propagation of cucumber rootstock material seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, fertilizer water application is controlled in seedling stage management, so that the stems of the stocks are as thick as possible, and grafting is prepared when the three leaves of the stocks are at the same heart.
5. A method for rapid propagation of cucumber rootstock material seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, grafting is performed in sunny weather in order to improve the survival rate; the grafting tool adopts a blade, a grafting clip and a wood stick, and before grafting, the blade and the grafting clip are sprayed with alcohol for disinfection, an operating table of a hole tray is supported by a plastic basket, and the wood stick is used for supporting in order to prevent grafted seedlings from lodging.
6. A method for rapid propagation of cucumber rootstock material seeds as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5, sisters cross pollinate, and the pollination time is 10 am ago.
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| CN107509535A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-26 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch |
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2022
- 2022-06-07 CN CN202210641057.4A patent/CN114766224B/en active Active
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| JPH09121677A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-13 | Natl Fedelation Of Agricult Coop Assoc | Seedling for cucumber and its production |
| CN101578947A (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2009-11-18 | 云南省澂江县经作站 | Method for grafting lateral bud of high-yield cucumber |
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