Dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant seedlings and the cleft grafting method of edible tender branch, and in particular to dicotyledon seedling and young spray
The efficient cleft grafting method of bar, belongs to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Genetic and cell engineering is the important means of current cotton genetic improvement, and cotton tissue culture regeneration plant is to turn base
Because technology is on the basis that cotton genetic improvement is applied, but the transgenosis obtained by somatic embryo regenerates the test tube of cotton plant
The most depauperation of seedling root system, show as no offspring, brown root seedling and lopsided seedling (such as tufted seedling), the normal regeneration plant of root system
Into soil or vermiculite, survival rate is extremely low (generally there was only 10~20%), slow-growing, significantly limit cotton heredity for transplanting
The application of improving technology.
Grafting is a kind of asexual hybridization cultivation technique, generally selects well developed root system, disease-resistant strong sea island cotton as stock, will
Transgenosis regeneration cotton plant is directly grafted onto on eugonic stock, stock is handed over the nutriment in scion body
Change, so as to improve the disease resistance of scion, strengthen its adaptability to external environment, quickening of growing is ripe ahead of time, greatly
Improve its survival rate.
The foundation of grafting system and improving is advantageous to extensive preserve and breeds hereditary segregating population, conventional cotton plant and rare
Germ plasm resource, be advantageous to accelerate extensive use of the modern biotechnology on cotton genetic improvement, greatly speed up transgenic cotton
Colored breeding process.
Transferred according to the relevant information, splice grafting method, cleft graft and cortex grafting method progress cotton is respectively adopted in some researchers
Connect, improve the survival rate of cotton plant to a certain extent.But for regeneration plant grafting:
(1) conventional " cleft graft " plucks head close to cotyledon petiole and removes the heart, and otch can be because of Action of Gravity Field perpendicular to cotyledon petiole, cotyledon
Drooped to both sides, scion insertion is fixed more difficult.Also some researchers stay one section of epicotyl in cotyledon petiole upper end, longitudinal direction
Split, but the method is not easy to the supply scion nutrition of stock blade;
(2) stock that " slotting skin grafting " needs is larger;
(3) " splice grafting method " its forming layer contact surface is less, and stock exchanges less with the nutriment in scion body.
Therefore, the graft technology about cotton still needs to be goed deep into system research, and perfect cotton grafting technical system also has
Wait to establish.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims at provide a kind of dicotyledon seedling easy to operate, that graft survival rate can be effectively improved and
The efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
Dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step1:There is the stock of 1~2 true leaf for growth, only retain 2 cotyledons, cut 2 cotyledon above positions
Cauline leaf;There is the stock of 4~6 true leaves for growth, retain 2 cotyledons of stock and 1~2 true leaf, cut the cauline leaf on top, so
Afterwards since at the 5mm of cotyledon petioles/true leaf petiole lower edge, stalk and petiole lower edge are splitted from middle longitudinal direction along stem axis,
1.5~2cm of long incision;
Step2:Retain 2~4, top of scion tender true leaf and growing point, 3~5cm of length, in scion stalk hypomere
1 knife is respectively cut on both sides, is fined away, and bevel is V-shaped;
Step3:The stem section of scion is inserted perpendicularly into stock otch, the petiole of stock can promote the otch of scion and stock
Combine closely, then scion and stock are fastened with rope;
Step4:Whole basin plant is tightly wrapped up with plastic sheeting, is placed under cool canopy;
Step5:Plant to be grafted tides over seedling-slowing stage, and when scion leaf recovers open and flat and starts growth, gradually will bag
Wrap up in plant plastic film open leak informaton it is ventilative dry, finally take off film, remove fixture, that is, complete grafting.
Foregoing dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch, it is characterised in that preceding in Step1
The kind for stating stock is sea island cotton, black seed pumpkin, giant pumpkin or a kind of edible gourd cucurbit.
Foregoing dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch, it is characterised in that preceding in Step1
State long incision 1.5cm.
Foregoing dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch, it is characterised in that in Step3, from
The joint portion of 2 cotyledon petioles of stock and scion starts to the stem section of stock, and scion and stock are fastened with plastic ties.
Foregoing dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch, it is characterised in that in Step3, use
Grafting clip clamps cutting part, and scion and stock are closely linked.
Foregoing dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch, it is characterised in that in Step4, control
Ambient humidity >=80% processed, control 25~28 DEG C of environment temperature.
The present invention is advantageous in that:
(1) otch of stock, can be very convenient using the fixation of petiole also cross petiole hypomere and the axis of stem
Fixation scion, scion and stock be intimately associated naturally, and the nutriment of leaf photosynthesis can be conveyed into nearby by petiole
In scion, interface is promoted to heal rapidly, whole grafting operation is simple, and grafting speed is fast, and survival rate is high, through statistics, uses
During the method grafting plant of the present invention, survival rate is up to more than 98%;
(2) cleft grafting method of the invention is applicable not only to transgenosis and tissue cultures regeneration cotton plant seedling and edible tender branch
Grafting, apply also for the grafting of other many dicotyledon seedling and edible tender branch, such as cucumber, muskmelon, watermelon and apple
The grafting of seedling etc., application are very extensive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the otch of stock (growth has 1~2 true leaf);
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram in the cutting face of scion;
Fig. 3 is by the schematic diagram of the otch of scion insertion stock;
Fig. 4 is the winding schematic diagram of scion and stock;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the otch of stock (growth has 4~6 true leaves);
Fig. 6 is by the schematic diagram of the otch of scion insertion stock.
Embodiment
Make specific introduce to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1, in growth there is on the sea island cotton of 1~2 true leaf grafting transgenosis regenerate cotton plants
Qiu Mo, winter and spring, greenhouse temperature is more suitable, and in the direct grafting in greenhouse, greenhouse optimum temperature is controlled 28
℃±1℃;Summer and early autumn temperature are higher, the grafting in 50% sunshade.
Stock:The basin of Growth of Potted Cotton cultigen sea island cotton cotton seedling 20, per 5 plants of basin, totally 100 plants, treat that cotyledon is fully deployed, transplant
Into diameter 20cm or so plastic tub, per one plant of basin, as stock.
Scion:Tissue culture germfree transgenic cotton seedling is as scion.
Step1:In grafting the previous day, by the sea island cotton being planted in flowerpot, (growth has 1~2 true leaf and 2 cotyledons are complete
Good cotton seedling) moisture is poured, only retain 2 cotyledons of stock, 2 cotyledon above positions are cut close to cotyledon petiole with sharp blade
Cauline leaf, then since at the 5mm of cotyledon petioles lower edge, stalk and petiole lower edge are splitted from middle longitudinal direction along stem axis,
Otch is agilely smooth, long incision 1.5cm, as shown in Figure 1.
Step2:The root of cotton transgenic regeneration plant is removed and (obtains scion), it is tender to retain 2, scion top
True leaf and growing point, scion length is controlled in 3~5cm, the unnecessary cauline leaf in bottom and root are removed, then under the stalk of scion
1 knife is respectively cut on section both sides, is fined away, bevel is V-shaped, and bevel length is 1.5~2cm, as shown in Figure 2.
Step3:The cutting part of stock is gently twisted with thumb and forefinger so that otch opens, the scion that will have been cut
Stem section insert vertically downward in the otch of stock stem section, otch through petiole and stem section (be different from reported stem section is straight
Connect and rive), as shown in figure 3, petiole has fixation, the otch of scion and stock can be made to combine closely naturally, be easy to restrict
The fixation of son and Grafting clip, and then leaf photosynthesis product can be enable to transport otch nearby, promote wound healing and scion life
It is long, significantly improve survival rate;After scion is plugged, to the stem section of stock since 2 cotyledon petioles of stock and the binding site of scion,
Sideling scion and stock are fastened from bottom to top with plastic ties, then down tangled up and knotted again, as shown in Figure 4.
Step4:2, the iron wire of suitable length is taken, by this 2 iron wire top right-angled intersections, both ends insertion flowerpot edge shape
Into 25~30cm or so small arch, flowerpot and iron wire (wrapping up whole basin plant) are tightly wrapped up with plastic sheeting, periphery is close
Colligation moisturizing, is placed under cool canopy, prevents scion from wilting, and grafting plant enters seedling-slowing stage, controls ambient humidity >=80%, same to time control
28 DEG C ± 1 DEG C of environment temperature processed.
Step5:Plant to be grafted tides over seedling-slowing stage, and scion leaf recovers open and flat and starts to grow, and will gradually wrap up plant
Plastic film open leak informaton it is ventilative dry, be specifically:The 4th~7 day after grafting, a finger thickness is made a call in foil top
Circular hole is ventilated, and mouldy to prevent scion, subsequent scion grows 1~2 young leaves, and film is taken off in the 10th~12 day about after grafting,
The 15th day or so Xie Sheng after grafting, stock heal with scion joint, and grafting cotton plant all survives, survival rate 100%, and one
It can be transplanted after week to crop field or big basin.
The otch of stock can very easily be consolidated also cross petiole hypomere and the axis of stem using the fixation of petiole
Determine scion, scion and stock are intimately associated naturally, and the nutriment of leaf photosynthesis can be conveyed into scion nearby by petiole
In, promote interface to heal rapidly, whole grafting operation is simple, and grafting speed is fast, and survival rate is high.
Through statistics, using the method for the present invention when grafting transgenosis on sea island cotton regenerates cotton plants, survival rate arrives
99.8%.
Embodiment 2, in growth there is on the sea island cotton of 4~6 true leaves grafting transgenosis regenerate cotton plants
Stock:The basin of Growth of Potted Cotton cultigen sea island cotton cotton seedling 20, per 5 plants of basin, totally 100 plants, treat that cotyledon is fully deployed, transplant
Into diameter 20cm or so plastic tub, per one plant of basin, as stock.
Scion:Germfree transgenic cotton seedling is as scion in culturing room's culture medium.
Step1:In grafting the previous day, the sea island cotton being planted in flowerpot (growth has the cotton seedling of 4~6 true leaves) is poured
Moisture, retain 2 cotyledons and 1~2 true leaf of stock, the cauline leaf on top is cut with sharp blade, then from true leaf petiole
Start at the 5mm of lower edge, split stalk and petiole lower edge from middle longitudinal direction along stem axis, otch is agilely smooth, long incision
1.5cm, as shown in Figure 5.
Step2:The root of cotton transgenic regeneration plant is removed, retains the scion tender true leaf in 2, top and growth
Point, scion length is controlled in 3~5cm, remove the unnecessary cauline leaf in bottom and root, then respectively cut on the hypomere both sides of the stalk of scion
1 knife, fine away, bevel is V-shaped, and bevel length is 1.5~2cm, as shown in Figure 2.
Step3:The cutting part of stock is gently twisted with thumb and forefinger so that otch opens, the scion that will have been cut
Stem section insert vertically downward in the otch of stock stem section, otch passes through petiole and stem section, as shown in Figure 6;After scion is plugged, from
The joint portion of stock true leaf petiole and scion starts to the stem section of stock, is sideling from bottom to top twined scion and stock with plastic ties
Around fixation, then down tangled up and knotted again.
Step4:2, the iron wire of suitable length is taken, by this 2 iron wire top right-angled intersections, both ends insertion flowerpot edge shape
Into 25~30cm or so small arch, flowerpot and iron wire (wrapping up whole basin plant) are tightly wrapped up with plastic sheeting, periphery is close
Colligation moisturizing, is placed under cool canopy, prevents scion from wilting, and grafting plant enters seedling-slowing stage, controls ambient humidity >=80%, same to time control
28 DEG C ± 1 DEG C of environment temperature processed.
Step5:Plant to be grafted tides over seedling-slowing stage, and scion leaf recovers open and flat and starts to grow, and will gradually wrap up plant
Plastic film open leak informaton it is ventilative dry, be specifically:The 4th~7 day after grafting, a finger thickness is made a call in foil top
Circular hole is ventilated, and mouldy to prevent scion, subsequent scion grows 1~2 young leaves, and film is taken off in the 10th~12 day about after grafting,
The 15th day or so Xie Sheng after grafting, stock heal with scion joint, and grafting cotton plant all survives, survival rate 100%, and one
It can be transplanted after week to crop field or big basin.
Through statistics, using the method for the present invention when grafting transgenosis on sea island cotton regenerates cotton plants, survival rate arrives
99.5%.
The cotton seedling that growth has the sea island cotton of 1~6 true leaf can do stock, and scion is grows 4~5 true leaves and stem section is thick
During thin uniform tissue-cultured seedling, this phase is the optimal seedling age phase that stock coordinates with scion.Through statistics, using such a combination, transfer
Motility rate is connected into up to 100%.
Embodiment 3, growth have Grafted Cucumber Seedling seedling on the black seed pumpkin of 1~2 true leaf
Early spring, potted plant black seed pumpkin and each 100 basin of cucumber are sowed in nutritive cube respectively, per 2~3 plants of basin, treat son
Leaf is fully deployed, and the more healthy and strong plant of 1 plant of growth is stayed per basin.
Stock:Pumpkin seedling grows 1~2 true leaf, and during the long left and right of the 1st long 1cm of true leaf, you can as stock.
Scion:After sowing 10 days, the flattening of cucumber seedling cotyledon, 1 true leaf and growing point are grown, you can as scion.
Step1:In the previous day of grafting, by the pumpkin seedling being planted in nutritive cube, (growth has 1~2 true leaf and 2 slice, thin pieces
The intact seedling of leaf) moisture is poured, only retain 2 cotyledons of stock, cut more than 2 cotyledons close to cotyledon petiole with sharp blade
The cauline leaf at position, then since at the 5mm of cotyledon petioles lower edge, stalk and petiole lower edge are cutd open from middle longitudinal direction along stem axis
Open, otch is agilely smooth, long incision 1.5cm or so.
Step2:The root of the cucumber seedling of cotyledon flattening is removed and (obtains scion), it is tender true to retain 1, scion top
Leaf and growing point, scion length is controlled in 3cm~5cm, the unnecessary cauline leaf in bottom and root are removed, then in the stalk hypomere of scion
1 knife is respectively cut on both sides, is fined away, and bevel is V-shaped, and bevel length is 1.5cm or so.
Step3:The cutting part of stock is gently twisted with thumb and forefinger so that otch opens, the scion that will have been cut
Stem section insert vertically downward in the otch of stock stem section, otch passes through petiole and stem section;After scion is plugged, from the slice, thin piece of stock 2
The joint portion of petiole and scion starts to the stem section of stock, and sideling scion and stock are fastened from bottom to top with plastic ties,
Then down tangled up and knotted again.
Step4:Spray after water purification, be placed in moisturizing Small plastic shed.95% humidity, day temperature are kept after grafting in 3 days
25~28 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night.Small ventilation after 4 days, can take off film hardening after 8 days.Survival rate 100%, enter within 25 days or so
The heart stage of three leaf one, can be colonized.
Through statistics, using the method for the present invention in Grafted Cucumber Seedling seedling on black seed pumpkin seedling, survival rate to 99.6%.
Embodiment 4, the grafting Muskmelon Seedlings on giant pumpkin
Potted plant giant pumpkin (winter squash) and muskmelon (new Flos Papaveris rhoeadis) each 100 basin are sowed in nutritive cube respectively, per basin 2~3
Strain, is placed in warmhouse booth.Treat that cotyledon is fully deployed, the more healthy and strong plant of 1 plant of growth is stayed per basin.Giant pumpkin carries than muskmelon
Plant within first 1 week.
Stock:Giant pumpkin seedling grows 1~2 true leaf, and 2 cotyledons fully flatten, and the 1st true leaf exhibits (the i.e. broken heart),
6~8cm of height of seedling, the not middle space-time of stem, you can as stock.
Scion:Muskmelon cotyledon flattening rough leaf is appeared after the i.e. broken heart, you can as scion.
Step1:Take rootstock seedling to remove true leaf and growing point, retain 2 intact cotyledons, with scraper from cotyledon petioles lower edge
5mm at start, stalk and petiole lower edge are splitted from middle longitudinal direction along stem axis, otch is agilely smooth, and long incision 1.5cm is left
It is right.
Step2:Scion seedling is taken, down-cutting grows 1~1.5cm, wedge into two-sided wedge shape, wedge seedling at l~1.5cm under cotyledon
Face is vertical with two cotyledon extended lines, so that stock cotyledon can hold scion seedling.
Step3:In the otch of the wedge surface insertion stock of scion, to make the flush of scion and stock, then with advance
Ready Grafting clip clamps interface, junction is combined closely.
Step4:It is placed in moisturizing Small plastic shed, sunshade net shade, gradually increase illumination, ventilated after 3 days, is solved after 7 days
Except bondage fixture, whole day is shown in light.7 days or so before field planting, then temperature hardening is reduced, to adapt to the bar of environment after being colonized
Part.
Through statistics, using the method for the present invention in grafting muskmelon on giant pumpkin seedling (new Flos Papaveris rhoeadis) seedling, survival rate
To 99.7%.
Embodiment 5, the Grafted Watermelon edible tender branch on a kind of edible gourd cucurbit
Potted plant a kind of edible gourd cucurbit and watermelon (summer is precious) each 100 basin are sowed in nutritive cube respectively, per 2~3 plants of basin, it is big to be placed in greenhouse
In canopy.Treat that cotyledon is fully deployed, the more healthy and strong plant of 1 plant of growth is stayed per basin.A kind of edible gourd cucurbit shifts to an earlier date 10 days prior to watermelon and sowed, an a kind of edible gourd
When the true leaf of cucurbit occurs, i.e., terminal bud is extractd, grow 25 DEG C of optimum temperature.
Stock:A kind of edible gourd cucurbit seedling grows 2~3 true leaves, and 2 cotyledons fully flatten, you can as stock.
Scion:Watermelon cotyledon is flattened, and rough leaf is appeared after the i.e. broken heart, you can as scion.
Step1:Take rootstock seedling to remove true leaf and growing point, retain 2 intact cotyledons, with scraper from cotyledon petioles lower edge
5mm at start, stalk and petiole lower edge are splitted from middle longitudinal direction along stem axis, otch is agilely smooth, and long incision 1.5cm is left
The right side, blade wouldn't be pulled out.
Step2:Scion seedling is taken, down-cutting grows 1~1.5cm, wedge into two-sided wedge shape, wedge seedling at l~1.5cm under cotyledon
Face is vertical with two cotyledon extended lines, so that stock cotyledon can hold scion seedling.
Step3:Blade is pulled out, the wedge surface for the scion cut is inserted in the otch of stock immediately, to make scion and stock
Flush, then clamp interface with preprepared Grafting clip, junction is combined closely.
Step4:It is placed in moisturizing Small plastic shed, sunshade net shade, canopy room should be closed, and indoor relative humidity should be maintained at 90%
More than, room temperature is kept for 24~26 DEG C.Gradually increased the time for seeing light by 3~5 days, shading hardening can be removed after 10 days.Transfer
Ventilation is reduced as far as possible within 2~3 days after connecing, need to only take a breath daily 1~2 time (in the morning or at dusk).
Through statistics, using the method for the present invention in Grafted Watermelon on a kind of edible gourd cucurbit seedling (summer is precious) seedling, survival rate arrives
99.5%.
As can be seen here, cleft grafting method of the invention be applicable not only to transgenosis (and tissue cultures) regeneration cotton plant seedling (and
Edible tender branch) grafting, apply also for the grafting of other many dicotyledon seedling and edible tender branch, such as cucumber, muskmelon
It is very extensive with the grafting of watermelon etc., application.
It should be noted that the invention is not limited in any way for above-described embodiment, it is all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent change
The technical scheme that the mode changed is obtained, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.