CN110612882B - Grafting breeding method for Bikstan cotton - Google Patents
Grafting breeding method for Bikstan cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN110612882B CN110612882B CN201911086376.8A CN201911086376A CN110612882B CN 110612882 B CN110612882 B CN 110612882B CN 201911086376 A CN201911086376 A CN 201911086376A CN 110612882 B CN110612882 B CN 110612882B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation, and particularly relates to a patent application of a method for breeding Bikstan cotton. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of stock pretreatment, scion pretreatment, grafting, management and the like. In the conventional cotton breeding process, seeds are mainly used for breeding, grafting operation is occasionally performed, cotton seedlings in 2-3 main leaf periods are also mainly used as stocks for grafting, and the growing characteristics of the Bickia cotton are improved by using the cotton plants with the age of more than two months as the stocks. Preliminary experiment results show that the growth and development period of the Bickian cotton is greatly shortened by selecting and improving the rootstock and optimizing related management measures, for example, the flowering time after grafting can be shortened by half, the time from flowering to seed maturation can be shortened by one to two weeks, and growth and development indexes such as biomass, stem length, fruit branch number, leaf size, boll number and the like are also obviously improved, so that the method has important technical value and application significance for accelerating related breeding progress.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of cotton cultivation, and particularly relates to a patent application of a method for breeding Bikstan cotton.
Background
Cotton of Bike (B) Gosspium bickii) Is a diploid wild cotton species native to continental australia having: the plant has the characteristic of pigment glands containing gossypol but no glands and hairy epidermis, and has the advantages of strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, high seed kernel oil and protein yield and strong applicability, so the plant is widely regarded. The plants have glandsThe special character of the seeds without glands provides a new target with development potential for molecular breeding of cotton, and has high research and application values.
However, in actual cultivation and genetic breeding, the peck cotton is far away from the genetic relationship with the existing cultivated cotton, the hybridization is difficult, especially the growth characteristics of slow growth and low boll-forming rate, and serious restriction is caused for transferring the excellent growth characteristic gene of the peck cotton into the genome of the cultivated cotton, so that certain improvement on the breeding method of the peck cotton is necessary, and a certain technical basis is laid for related breeding work.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a grafting breeding method of the Bikstan cotton, so that a certain technical foundation is laid for improving the growth and breeding characteristics of the Bikstan cotton.
The technical solution adopted in the present application is detailed as follows.
A grafting and breeding method of cotton bick comprises the following operation steps:
(1) stock pretreatment
Using cotton which is robust and is more than two months old as a stock, transversely cutting to remove 1-2 cm of top end of the stock or side end of the stock, and longitudinally cutting to 1-2 cm of depth along the direction of the stem in the middle of the remaining non-lignified end section;
under the preferable operation condition, a rope belt is further used for making two loose joints around a circle at a position 0.5cm below the interface cross section, wherein the two split pieces are longitudinally cut and split, so that the later fixing is realized;
the cotton is preferably selected from sea island cotton, and further specifically selected from the sea island cotton 7124;
it should be explained that the preferred choice of the sea island cotton as the rootstock is because the sea island cotton can further improve the stress resistance, disease resistance and yield of the cotton; theoretically, because cotton has the habit of unlimited growth, when any cotton variety is used as a stock, the grafted seedling can survive as long as the grafted part is not lignified and is normally cultured;
(2) scion pretreatment
Taking 5-10 cm of top end of terminal bud or side bud of the Bikstan cotton as a scion; directly grafting or soaking in clear water for moisture preservation;
before grafting operation, beveling the two sides of the cut end of the scion one way respectively to form a V-shaped interface with the length of 1-2 cm;
it should be noted that the "V" shaped interface of the scion should also ensure no lignification;
(3) grafting and management
Inserting the V-shaped interface of the scion in the step (2) into the longitudinal cut of the stock in the step (1), ensuring that at least one phloem on one side of the interface of the stock and the scion is aligned, and fixing the scion (specifically, for example, the scion is tightly bound by a rope, and in actual operation, the scion can be scattered and bound for a plurality of times at the interface part so as to ensure that the scions of the stock and the scion are fully contacted);
further, a sleeve bag (paper bag or plastic bag) is used for sealing the top end of the scion to the joint so as to preserve heat and moisture (in actual operation, in order to ensure the temperature and humidity in the sleeve bag, moist tissues can be put into the sleeve bag to increase the humidity in cooperation with sealing and binding of the two ends of the sleeve bag);
after 5-8 days, removing the sleeve bag after callus grows out at the interface of the stock and the scion;
and after further 5-8 days, after the whole length of the position of the scion interface of the stock is good, further removing the fixture for fixing the scion and the stock in the grafting operation, and then continuing normal cultivation.
Furthermore, the Bikstan cotton is grafted on other cotton varieties, and can play a certain role in breeding new cotton varieties.
It should be noted that, in the conventional cotton breeding process, seeds are generally mainly used for breeding, grafting is occasionally performed, cotton seedlings in 2-3 main leaf periods are also mainly used as stocks (the seedlings grow vigorously and are easy to survive after grafting), and cotton plants with the age of more than two months are selected as stocks in the application (the growth vigor of the plants in the age period begins to weaken, and generally speaking, the grafting survival rate is low), so that the growth characteristics of the cotton bikki are improved.
Preliminary experiment results show that the growth and development period of the Bickian cotton is greatly shortened by selecting and improving the rootstock and optimizing related management measures, for example, the flowering time after grafting can be shortened by half, the time from flowering to seed maturation can be shortened by one to two weeks, and growth and development indexes such as biomass, stem length, fruit branch number, leaf size, boll number and the like are also obviously improved, so that the method has important technical value and application significance for accelerating related breeding progress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the grafting of a senior rootstock;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of grafting of a seedling stock;
FIG. 3 shows the graft moisturizing of the aged stocks.
Detailed Description
The present application is further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples. Before further describing the specific operations related to the examples, a brief description of several experimental backgrounds in the following examples is provided.
The seeds of the island cotton 7124 and the birk cotton are from the national cotton seed garden (cotton research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences), and are publicly available seed resources;
the planting of cotton material is carried out in greenhouse of key laboratory of cotton biology country of Henan university, and the culture conditions are as follows: temperature 28 ℃, humidity: 50 to 80 percent.
Example 1
The grafting and breeding method of the Bikstan cotton, provided by the application, comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of stock pretreatment, scion pretreatment, grafting, cultivation and the like, and the specific steps are briefly introduced as follows.
(I) rootstock selection
It should be noted that, in the process of selecting the rootstock, the inventor uses upland cotton TM-1 as the rootstock in the earlier stage and performs grafting operation on Ke's cotton, but the biomass comparison result shows that the biomass statistics after grafting by using the upland cotton TM-1 as the rootstock is not as good as that of island cotton, and the island cotton can improve the stress resistance of cotton and increase the disease resistance of cotton, so in the actual experimental process, the inventor mainly uses the island cotton 7124 as the rootstock to perform grafting experiments.
In the further grafting experiment process, in order to determine the appropriate age of the stock material of the island cotton 7124, the inventor uses island cotton seedlings (2-3 true leaf periods) and two-month-old island cotton 7124 as stocks respectively; and after 1-2 cm of the top end of the rootstock material terminal bud or the side bud is removed, longitudinally cutting the middle of the remained non-lignified terminal section along the direction of the stem to 1-2 cm of depth for later use.
It should be explained that, when sea island cotton is selected as the stock for grafting, theoretically, there is no great limit to the age of the stock, and as long as the grafted part is not lignified, the subsequent grafted seedling can survive, but from the practical operation point of view, under the condition of considering the influence of growth speed, biomass and the like of the grafted seedling, it is necessary to carry out actual experimental optimization on the age of the stock.
(II) scion pretreatment
Taking 5-10 cm of the top end of the terminal bud or the side bud of the Bikstan cotton as a scion (if the scion cannot be grafted in time, the cut is soaked in clear water for moisture preservation), and beveling the two sides of the cut end of the scion one way respectively to form a V-shaped interface with the length of 1-2 cm for later use.
(III) grafting and cultivating
Inserting the scion in the step (2) into the stock small opening in the step (1), and binding and fixing after the phloem on at least one side is aligned; then the plastic bag with the moist tissue is sleeved on the grafting position, and the two ends are sealed to ensure the moisture preservation of the grafting position.
After grafting operation, the adaptability of the growth environment should be ensured, and the culture conditions are set as follows: temperature: 28 ℃, humidity: 50-70%;
after about 7 days, removing the plastic bag after the callus grows out at the interface of the stock and the scion; and after 7 days, removing the binding rope belts after the joint is complete, and then continuing normal cultivation.
It should be noted that when the method is adopted for grafting, no specific time limit is imposed on the grafting time, and grafting operation can be carried out as long as the scion is tender and grows vigorously and the stock is not lignified; the statistical result shows that the grafting survival rate can be more than 98% when the grafting is carried out at the temperature of 28 ℃ and the humidity of 50-80%.
Wherein the real object diagram of the part after the grafting operation of the old rootstocks is shown in figure 1, the real object diagram of the part after the grafting operation of the seedlings is shown in figure 2, and the real object diagram of the part in the bagging cultivation process is shown in figure 3.
Results of the experiment
(1) Age related to rootstock
The life cycle and cultivation result statistics show that:
in terms of flowering time: the normal cotton bikes seedlings without grafting operation need 6 months from seed germination to flowering; when the seedling stock is used for grafting the Bikstan cotton, 70-90 days are required from grafting to blooming; the bikstan cotton grafted on the old rootstock only needs 25-35 days from grafting to flowering;
for seed maturation time: about 45 days are needed from the flowering to the seed maturation of the seedling of the cotton bikes (normal non-grafted operation), while about 40 days are needed from the flowering to the seed maturation when the seedling stock is grafted with the cotton bikes, and the process of grafting the cotton plants on the old stock only needs 32 days.
As can be seen from the growth cycle, the growth cycle of the Bicky cotton can be better shortened under the condition of adopting the grafting mode.
(2) Relating to biomass
In the experimental process, the biomass is directly reflected as the cultivation effect after grafting operation, the inventor respectively carries out statistics on the conditions of fruit branch quantity, leaf size, main stem diameter and the like 80 days after seedling stock grafting and old stock grafting, and the results are shown in tables 1-4 below.
TABLE 1 fruit branch number table for 80 days of seedling stock grafting and old stock grafting growth (data in table are measured data of grafted plants of different experimental groups, and related data are measured average values)
TABLE 2 leaf size table for 80 days of grafted seedling stock and aged stock (data in table are measured for grafted plants of different experimental groups, and relevant data are average values)
TABLE 3 diameter table of 80 days old stock graft and seedling stock graft (data in the table are measured for different experimental groups of graft plants, and the relevant data are the average value of measurement)
TABLE 4 Bell bearing number table for 80 days of grafted seedling stock and aged stock (data in the table are measured data of grafted plants of different experimental groups, and relevant data are average values)
As can be seen from the data in the table above:
in terms of fruit branch number: the average number of fruit branches of the seedling stock grafted biksia cotton plants is 11.3 (the average value is calculated after the data of each experimental group are added), and the average number of fruit branches of the old stock grafted (namely the seedling grafting in the table) biksia cotton is 18.3; the advantages of the old rootstocks are obvious;
for the leaf size index (leaf size: two grafted cottons each select five leaves at the same growing position, and average the measured length and width): the average length (average value after adding data of each experimental group) of grafting the Bikh leaves on the seedling stock is 9.78cm, and the average width is 6.08 cm. The average length of the grafting Bike's leaves of the old stocks is 12.8cm, and the average width is 8.28 cm;
in terms of main stem length (main stem length: measurement starting point is graft site, and end point is main stem tip growth site): the average main stem length (the average value after the data of each experimental group are added) of the cotton seedlings grafted on the seedling stock is 57.3cm, and the average main stem length of the cotton seedlings grafted on the old stock is 115cm which is about twice of the length of the cotton seedlings grafted on the old stock.
Further statistics is carried out on the number of cotton bolls (5 grafted seedlings are randomly selected and the number of the cotton bolls of each grafted seedling is counted), and the result shows that: the average boll number of the peck cotton grafted on the old rootstock (the average value is calculated after the data of each experimental group are added) is 69.2, and the average boll number of the peck cotton grafted on the seedling rootstock is 13.6; the boll number of the old rootstock grafted bikhaki cotton is about 5 times of that of the seedling rootstock grafted bikhaki cotton.
In general, the grafting method provided by the application has strong operability, high survival rate and high propagation speed, is particularly suitable for a wild cotton variety-Bikstan cotton which grows slowly, greatly shortens the growth and development period, increases the biomass, accelerates the breeding speed of the wild cotton, and has great significance for efficiently utilizing the Kekstan cotton seed quality resources.
Claims (2)
1. The grafting breeding method of the cotton bick is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) stock pretreatment
Taking the strongly growing non-bikeh cotton as a stock, removing 1-2 cm of top end of the stock terminal bud or side bud, and longitudinally cutting the middle of the remaining non-lignified terminal section along the direction of the stem to 1-2 cm deep to serve as the stock for later use;
the non-Bikstan cotton is sea island cotton;
the sea island cotton is 7124 of more than two months old;
(2) scion pretreatment
Taking 5-10 cm of top end of terminal bud or side bud of the Bikstan cotton as a scion; before grafting operation, beveling the two sides of the cut end of the scion one way respectively to form a V-shaped interface with the length of 1-2 cm;
(3) grafting and management
Inserting the V-shaped interface of the scion in the step (2) into the longitudinal cut of the stock in the step (1), ensuring that at least one phloem on one side of the interface of the stock and the scion is aligned, and fixing;
after the whole length of the scion interface of the stock and the scion is good, further removing the fixture for fixing the scion and the stock in the grafting operation, and then continuing normal cultivation;
after the grafting operation, the cotton cultivation conditions are as follows: the temperature is 28 ℃ and the humidity is 50-80%.
2. The grafting breeding method of cotton bick's according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after the grafting operation, the top end of the scion is covered to the interface by a bag for heat preservation and moisture preservation; and after 5-8 days, removing the sleeve bag after the callus grows out at the joint of the stock and the scion.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101707960A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-19 | 河南省农业科学院 | Cotton continuous cropping high yield cultivation method |
| CN105265192A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-27 | 北京农学院 | High-survival-rate cotton grafting method |
| CN105265184A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-27 | 闵建华 | Cotton grafting splice grafting method |
| CN107509535A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-26 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch |
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2019
- 2019-11-08 CN CN201911086376.8A patent/CN110612882B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101707960A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-19 | 河南省农业科学院 | Cotton continuous cropping high yield cultivation method |
| CN105265184A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-27 | 闵建华 | Cotton grafting splice grafting method |
| CN105265192A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-27 | 北京农学院 | High-survival-rate cotton grafting method |
| CN107509535A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-26 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Dicotyledon seedling and the efficient cleft grafting method of edible tender branch |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 不同植物嫁接体系的建立及嫁接诱导变异机制的初步研究;赵智勇;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库农业科技辑》;中国学术期刊（光盘版）电子杂志社;20140315(第3期);第13，16，61-62页 * |
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