CN107771602A - A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107771602A CN107771602A CN201710902233.4A CN201710902233A CN107771602A CN 107771602 A CN107771602 A CN 107771602A CN 201710902233 A CN201710902233 A CN 201710902233A CN 107771602 A CN107771602 A CN 107771602A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of efficient, neat apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method, methods described include double whip graft engrafting methods of ' first paragraph ' base anvil and ' second segment ' dwarfing stock, press strip ridging period and management method, ' second segment ' dwarfing stock with the ' the 3rd section ' grafting period and method, the management method of dwarfing own-rooted tree, the harvest time of kind.Using three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method of the present invention, by the cultivation of 2 years, every mu of soil can harvest 5,500 6000, and root system is good, regularity is high, base portion rugosity up to 0.5 0.8 cm, plant height up to 1.2 1.5 m, have the Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stocks of 35 branches.The present invention greatly shortens Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock and breeds the time limit, overcomes irregular, the skimble-scamble defect of grafting time of sub- strain growth after dwarfing rootstock press strip.
Description
Technical field
[it is a kind of to utilize three-stage ' strand hang method ' technology progress Apple Dwarf the invention belongs to the breeding field of apple nursery stock
Change the method for own-rooted tree fast breeding.
Technical background
[apple is perennial woody plant, and its seedling raising manners directly influences the quality, quantity and breeding speed of apple nursery stock
Degree.The main method that apple nursery stock is bred is propagation by grafiting, and stock has vigorous stock, dwarfing interstock wood and Dwarf rootstocks wood
Deng.Wherein vigorous stock treats seedling growth Grafted Variety again to a certain extent mostly using the sowing of the seed such as Malus spectabilis.This is a variety of
The method of seedling grafting, because seed is mostly hybrid, cause seedling growth very different, quality is not generally high, moreover produces
Come for tall anvil fruit tree.Currently, China orchard existing 90% is tall anvil fruit tree, and strain is tall and big, orchard closing, not smooth, illumination of divulging information
Deficiency, management is time-consuming, is not suitable for mechanization production.
Apple dwarf cultivates the trend and direction for being not only world's apple industry, and even more China's modern times Apple Industry is sent out
The mark of exhibition, it is to realize the main path of apple dwarf cultivation that stock, which downgrades nursery,.Apple Dwarf Stocks nursery includes intermediate stock nursery
With from root anvil nursery.The M26 intermediate stocks commonly used in production, nursery stock needs grafting twice, because the length of M26 intermediate stocks is not united
One standard, Dwarf Effect on Dwarf are affected because of the length difference of intermediate stock.In addition, base anvil seedling has genetic diversity in itself,
Also length thickness is uneven for M26 intermediate stocks, so that dwarfing interstock apple seedling regularity is poor.
It the dwarfing stock with good characteristic by vegetative propagation culture is stock that apple dwarf is from root anvil nursery, then
Grafted Variety is trained nursery stock on this stock.Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock is the apple nursery stock promoted mainly in current production, and
The development trend of world's Apple Culture.The modes of reproduction of Dwarf rootstocks has press strip and tissue cultures etc..Press strip（Pressed including level
Bar and vertical press strip）Cycle length be present from root anvil nursery stock in breeding（Typically take 3-4）, be not easy to take root, sub- strain growth is not after press strip
Neatly, the problems such as grafting time disunity.Tissue culture propagating from root anvil nursery stock exist it is higher to technical requirements, by place and
The problems such as limitation of equipment and higher cost.
Three-stage that the present invention uses ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree, can obtain a large amount of Dwarf rootstocks apples in 2 years
Fruit nursery stock, and Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock root system is good, branch is more, regularity is high, overcomes the sub- strain life of dwarfing rootstock mound layering
Long irregular, the skimble-scamble defect of grafting time, this technology are accelerated for establishing apple dwarf from rootstock highly efficient regeneration system
The popularization and application of Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock have important meaning.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to using the quick breeding apple dwarf own-rooted tree of three-stage ' strand hang method ', shorten and downgrade from root
Anvil apple nursery stock breeds the time limit, overcome dwarfing rootstock mound layering sub- strain grow it is irregular, be not easy to take root, grafting time is not united
One the defects of, the price from root anvil nursery stock is reduced, so as to accelerate popularization and application of the apple dwarf from root anvil nursery stock, quickly pushed away
Enter the short anvil dense planting modernization Orchard Construction in China.
A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method, be come by the following technical programs it is real
It is existing：
1）In northern area, the early or mid March in spring, by ' first paragraph ' base anvil of freezer Cord blood（With annual eight rib sea
The seed seedling such as Chinese bush cherry or hupehensis Rehd）Nursery stock and ' second segment ' dwarfing stock（Such as M9T337）Annotinous branch is carried out with ' double tongue methods '
Grafting, meanwhile, tied up with iron wire under the bud of graft union at 1 cm, twist and hang.
' first paragraph ' base anvil, select thickness moderate, typically require base portion rugosity in 0.8 cm or so, the nursery stock with coring,
Then 10 cm place is cut more than nursery stock base portion, the root anvil of the cm stem sections of leave strip 10, with ' second segment ' dwarfing stock（Such as
M9T337 etc.）Annotinous branch carries out grafting with ' double tongue methods '.
The scion of ' second segment ' dwarfing stock need to select to be more or less the same with base anvil thickness, and moisture is abundant, and eye is full, without disease pest
Harmful healthy and strong branch.
Graft union is above base anvil root at 10 cm, the grafting of ' first paragraph ' base anvil and ' second segment ' dwarfing stock during grafting
Position bast alignment, ' second segment ' dwarfing stock retains 1 bud grafting, solid with the mm of thickness 0.015 plastics sheet colligation, connects
One layer of plastic foil of colligation at fringe bud, clip beeswax or is obturaged with grafting plastic foil, to prevent scion dehydration.
Thin wire is tied up under the bud of graft union to two to three circles with pliers at 1 cm, strand is done and hangs processing.
Grafting is uprightly placed on and is covered with the basket of wet cloth or wet newspaper, prevents the root dehydration of base anvil.When carrying grafting,
It is sure not to collide scion, it is ensured that scion and the correct of grafted with base anvil mouth agree with, non-displacement.
2）The nursery stock that ' first paragraph ' base anvil grafts with ' second segment ' dwarfing stock, is transplanted in planting furrow.Will during plant
Handle with care grafting nursery stock, it is ensured that do not shifted at graft union.
The specification of planting furrow is：The cm of depth 40, the cm of width 40,1.5 m are spaced between two planting furrowes.Each plant furrow planting
Plant two rows, the seeding row spacings of two rows is the cm of 15 cm × 30, and the height for transplanting ridging is hung for strand and sentences down 5 cm, during ensureing to water
It is not poured onto graft union.
After ridging, water as early as possible, the mode of watering uses drip irrigation, and first pass water will irrigate, and pours one weekly within first 3 weeks
It is secondary, drip irrigation is carried out according to soil damage caused by a drought later.
3）In 4-5 months, after ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock sprouting of grafting, start bud picking, ' first paragraph ' base anvil of erasing in time
The sprouting of sprouting, promote the sprouting of dwarfing stock sprouting and young sprout growth.
4）Mid-May, treat that ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock shoot growth to 30 cm or so, carries out first time earthing.By soil
1 is pressed with sawdust:1 ratio is well mixed, and is gently sprinkled into planting furrow, and thickness of earth covering is about 10-15 cm.
After ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock of grafting is sprouted, applied fertilizer, to promote nursery stock fast-growth, apply fertilizer using nitrogenous fertilizer as
It is main, auxiliary addition composite fertilizer.Every mu is applied the kg of urea 20, can be applied fertilizer for water soluble fertilizer with drip irrigation.
5）Start second of earthing mid-June, earthing is soil and sawdust 1:1 mixture, the thickness of earthing for 15-
20 cm, promote dwarfing stock to take root.
6）Reached by the end of July to mid-August, ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock growing height from soil layer 30-50 cm, the rugosity of base portion
During 0.5 cm, start the ' the 3rd section of grafting ' scion variety, grafting method is that band xylem bud connects.
' the 3rd section ' kind to be grafted need to select similar with dwarfing stock thickness, and moisture is abundant, the branch of healthy no disease and pests harm
Work as scion.
Grafting part is at position of ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock from more than soil layer 5 cm, by the way of being connect with xylem bud
Carry out, the alignment of graft union bast is solid with the mm of thickness 0.015 plastics sheet colligation.
To be cut at grafting bud above 1cm within 10 days or so after grafting, clip protects dwarfing stock not to be air cured with sealing with wax,
Ensure to the ' the 3rd section ' nutrient delivery of scion bud.
Growth period carries out bud picking processing to dwarfing stock, removes the new branch of ' second segment ' dwarfing stock sprouting in time, only protects
The young sprout for staying Grafted Variety bud to sprout.
7）Once, every mu of dose is the kg of composite fertilizer 50 to fertilizing in autumn, the kg of organic fertilizer 100, the side of farm manure 10.
To promote nursery stock fast-growth, the top dressing of spring in next year once, is applied fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, auxiliary addition composite fertilizer.Often
Mu applies the kg of urea 20, can be applied fertilizer for water soluble fertilizer with drip irrigation.
8）Month in next year 3-4, the hair branch element for spraying 2-3 400 ppm promote side shoot to sprout.
9）The month in next year 7-8, the new 3-5 piece leaves slightly in top are extractd, promote collateral generation.
10）The month in next year 11-12, harvest with paniculate Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock.Every mu of soil can harvest 5500-6000
Root system is good, base portion rugosity reach 0.5-0.8 cm, and plant height reaches 1.2-1.5 m, has the Dwarf rootstocks apple of 3-5 branch
Fruit nursery stock.After nursery stock is dug out, the base anvil twisted below mouth of hanging is cut, is classified according to standards such as the rugosity of nursery stock and height,
The nursery stock being classified is heeled in or Storage in cold bank.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that is reached of the present invention is：
1）Using apple dwarf own-rooted tree mating system provided by the invention, growing-seedling period is short, and nursery stock is neat, and quality is good, in 2 years
Every mu of soil can harvest 5500-6000 base portion rugosity up to 0.5-0.8 cm, plant height up to 1.2-1.5 m dwarfing from root
Anvil apple nursery stock.
2）By apple dwarf own-rooted tree mating system provided by the invention, obtained Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock root system hair
Reach, fibrous root is more, with 3-5 branch, is advantageous to the quick building well of Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock, for promoting Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing mould
Formula is significant.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 ' first paragraphs ' base anvil hupehensis Rehd with the double tongue graftings of ' second segment ' dwarfing stock M9T337 ' ',
Fig. 2 ' second segments ' dwarfing stock M9T337 takes root situation,
Fu Li/M9T337 that Fig. 3 three-stage ' strand hang method ' obtains downgrades own-rooted tree wood,
Fig. 4 cuts ' first paragraph ' base anvil hupehensis Rehd when harvesting,
Fig. 5 harvest when good fortune it is beautiful/M9T337 downgrade own-rooted tree wood growing state.
Embodiment：
The present invention provides a kind of propagation method of apple dwarf own-rooted tree, it is intended to improves quality and the production of apple dwarf own-rooted tree
Quantity, shorten growing-seedling period, improve plant percent.With reference to nursery example, the present invention is described in detail, described to be
Explanation of the invention and non-limiting the present embodiment.
Embodiment：Fu Li/M9T337 Dwarf rootstocks seedlings are bred using this patent method.
Three-stage ' strand hang method ' operating procedure suitable for apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding of the present invention is as follows：
1）Enforcement place of the present invention is in Qingdao Agricultural University's Jiangzhou modern AGR-technology park and Laixi City seed stock breeding station.
2）Material requested：Annual ' hupehensis Rehd ' seed seedling, annual ' M9T337 ' branch, ' Fu Li ' apple scion.
3）Grafting time is in spring early or mid March.By ' second segment ' dwarfing stock ' M9T337 ' and ' first paragraph ' base anvil ' Pingyi
Sweet tea ' grafting, engrafting method is ' double tongue methods '（Fig. 1）, grafting part is above base anvil root at 10 cm, ' M9T337 ' grafting
When retain a bud, it is with the mm of thickness 0.015 plastics sheet that the clip colligation of grafting part and scion is solid, at scion bud
One layer of plastic foil of colligation.
Thin wire is tied up under the bud of graft union to two to three circles with pliers at 1 cm, strand is done and hangs processing.
4）After ' first paragraph ' base anvil ' hupehensis Rehd ' grafts with ' second segment ' dwarfing stock ' M9T337 ', respectively in Qingdao agriculture
Jiangzhou modern AGR-technology park is learned by sparetime university and Laixi City seed stock breeding station is transplanted.
The specification of planting furrow is：The cm of depth 40, the cm of width 40,1.5 m are spaced between two planting furrowes.Each plant furrow planting
Plant two rows, the seeding row spacings of two rows is the cm of 15 cm × 30, and the height for transplanting ridging is hung for strand and sentences down 5 cm.
After ridging, first pass water is irrigated using drip irrigation, poured weekly once within first 3 weeks, carried out later according to soil damage caused by a drought
Drip irrigation.
5）In 4-5 months, after ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock ' M9T337 ' sprouting of grafting, start bud picking, erase in time ' the
One section ' base anvil ' hupehensis Rehd ' sprout sprouting, promote ' M9T337 ' sprouting sprout and young sprout growth.
6）Mid-May, treat that ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock ' M9T337 ' shoot growth to 30 cm or so, cover for the first time
Soil.Soil and sawdust are pressed 1:1 ratio is well mixed, and is gently sprinkled into planting furrow, and thickness of earth covering is about 10 cm-15 cm.
7）Start second of earthing mid-June, earthing is soil and sawdust 1:1 mixture, thickness of earth covering are 15-20
cm.By 2 earthing, soil layer is excavated, it is observed that ' M9T337 ' has taken root（Fig. 2）
8）By the end of July to mid-August, ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock ' M9T337 ' growing height from the cm of soil layer 30-50, base portion it is thick
When degree is up to 0.5 cm, the ' the 3rd section of grafting ' scion ' Fu Li ', grafting method is that band xylem bud connects.
Grafting part is in position of ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock ' M9T337 ' from more than soil layer 5 cm, graft union bast pair
Together, it is solid with the mm of thickness 0.015 plastics sheet colligation.
Cut at grafting bud above 1cm within 10 days or so after grafting, clip is with sealing with wax.
Growth period carries out bud picking processing to dwarfing stock ' M9T337 ', removes ' second segment ' dwarfing stock ' M9T337 ' in time and sprouts
The sprouting of hair.
9）Once, every mu of dose is the kg of composite fertilizer 50 to fertilizing in autumn, the kg of organic fertilizer 100, the side of farm manure 10.' the 3rd
Section ' grafting scion variety ' Fu Li ', to typically can long 10-15 cm during winter dormancy.To promote nursery stock fast-growth, next year
Spring top dressing once, is applied fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, auxiliary addition composite fertilizer.Every mu is applied the kg of urea 20, can be with for water soluble fertilizer
Drip irrigation is applied fertilizer.
10）Month in next year 3-4, the hair branch element for spraying 2-3 400 ppm promote side shoot to sprout.
11）The month in next year 7-8, new 3-5 piece leaves slightly at the top of ' Fu Li ' are extractd, promote collateral generation.
12）The month in next year 11-12, harvest with paniculate good fortune it is beautiful/M9T337 Dwarf rootstocks nursery stocks（Fig. 3）.
After nursery stock is dug out, the base anvil twisted below mouth of hanging is cut（Fig. 4）, carried out according to standards such as the rugosity of nursery stock and height
Classification, the nursery stock being classified is heeled in or Storage in cold bank.
Using the method for the present invention, every mu of soil harvests that 6000 root systems are good, base portion rugosity is up to 0.8 cm, plant height
Up to 1.5 m, there are Fu Li/M9T337 Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stocks of 3-5 branch（Fig. 3, Fig. 5）.
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only the present invention by the use of apple dwarf from root anvil as preferred embodiment, and
The restriction present invention, all simple any modifications made according to technical spirit of the invention, equivalent substitution, modification etc. are not used in,
It all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method 1. a kind of three-stage, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：（1）In spring early or mid March, by ' first paragraph ' base anvil of freezer Cord blood（Such as annual Mains micromalus, Malus hupehensis The seed seedling such as tea）Nursery stock and ' second segment ' dwarfing stock（Such as M9T337）Annotinous branch carries out grafting with ' double tongue methods ', meanwhile, Tied up with iron wire under the bud of graft union at 1cm, twist and hang；（2）After ' first paragraph ' base anvil grafts with ' second segment ' dwarfing stock, ditching plant is carried out；The specification of planting furrow is：The cm of depth 40, the cm of width 40,1.5m is spaced between two planting furrowes；Each planting furrow transplants 2 rows, and the seeding row spacing of this 2 row is the cm of 15 cm × 30；After plant ridging, water as early as possible, the mode of watering uses drip irrigation side；, first pass water will irrigate, pour weekly once within first 3 weeks, Drip irrigation is carried out according to soil damage caused by a drought later；（3）In 4-5 months, after ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock to be grafted is sprouted, start bud picking, bottom of erasing ' first paragraph ' base anvil is sprouted Whole sproutings of hair；（4）Mid-May, treat that ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock shoot growth to 30 cm or so, proceeds by first time earthing, earthing For soil and sawdust 1:1 mixture, the thickness of earthing is 10-15 cm；（5）Start second of earthing mid-June, earthing is soil and sawdust 1:1 mixture, the thickness of earthing is 15-20 cm；（6）By the end of July to mid-August, the ' the 3rd section of grafting ' scion variety, the mode of grafting is that band xylem bud connects；10 days or so the branches for cutting more than the cm of grafting bud 1 after grafting；（7）Fertilizing in autumn once, every mu of kg of composite fertilizer 50, the kg of organic fertilizer 100, the side of farm manure 10；The top dressing of spring in next year is once；（8）In month in next year 3-4, spray 2-3 400 ppm hair branch element and promote side shoot to sprout；（9）The month in next year 7-8, the new 3-5 piece leaves slightly in top are extractd, promote collateral generation；（10）The month in next year 11-12, harvest with paniculate Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock.
- 2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Planting furrow is transplanted ' first paragraph ' base anvil and downgraded with ' second segment ' During the nursery stock that anvil grafts, the height of ridging is hung for strand sentences lower 5cm, not to be poured onto graft union when ensureing drip irrigation watering.
- 3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：5-6 months, after ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock sprouting of grafting, Pay attention to being applied fertilizer, to promote nursery stock fast-growth, apply fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, auxiliary addition composite fertilizer；Every mu is applied the kg of urea 20, can also be applied fertilizer with drip irrigation（Water soluble fertilizer）.
- 4. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The ' the 3rd section of grafting ' scion variety when, ' second segment ' dwarfing stock The requirement of wooden growing height is from the cm of soil layer 30-50, the cm of rugosity 0.5 of base portion；Grafting part is at position of ' second segment ' dwarfing rootstock from more than soil layer 5 cm.
- 5. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：' the 3rd section ' scion variety of grafting, to during winter dormancy one As can long 5-10 cm.
- 6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using the present invention three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf from Offspring fast breeding method, by the cultivation of 2 years, every mu of soil can harvest that 5500-6000 root system be good, base portion rugosity reaches 0.5-0.8cm, plant height reach 1.2-1.5m, have the Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock of 3-5 branch；The Dwarf rootstocks nursery stock regularity bred using three-stage ' strand hang method ' is high, and the band branch for having reached the upper demand of production is big The requirement of seedling.
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| CN111418367A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-17 | 石家庄涵煦农业科技有限公司 | Large-scale propagation method for dwarfing apples from rootstock SH38 or SH40 |
| CN115735772A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-03-07 | 青岛农业大学 | Application of 5-AzAC in rooting culture of apple rootstock tissues or sugar-free rooting culture |
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| CN107771602B (en) | 2020-08-14 |
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