CN106171799A - A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171799A CN106171799A CN201610732533.8A CN201610732533A CN106171799A CN 106171799 A CN106171799 A CN 106171799A CN 201610732533 A CN201610732533 A CN 201610732533A CN 106171799 A CN106171799 A CN 106171799A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method, belong to Fructus Mali pumilae grafting cultivation technical field；Technical problem to be solved is to provide that a kind of growth is fast, result early, tree body unanimously, really shape is consistent, coloring is consistent, and the regulation that kind is by different adjustment section, the Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method that its period of maturation and mouthfeel can change；The technical scheme used is: a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method, comprises the following steps: 1) to select Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop be base anvil, selects dwarfing rootstock to carry out grafting as intermediate stock；2) transfer Soil covering after grafting, blocking section is wholly embedded in soil；3) 23 months after-applied compound organic and inorganic fertilizers of grafting；4) the Second Year section of being adjusted mid-March late Febuary grafting, 5) check that scion survives situation after one week, 6) the 3rd year spring, retain full bud and surely do, autumn i.e. grows up to Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity Seedling after fallen leaves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method, belong to Fructus Mali pumilae grafting cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Apple tree bush type culture is the main flow of world's Apple development.It can be greatly enhanced Photosynthetic property of leaf, and increase has
The accumulation of machine nutrient substance, growth regulation and growth, improve yield and quality, reduces and throws work, investment, increases economic efficiency.I
State's Apple Culture history is shorter, starts late, and in addition by investing and natural conditions are limited, has passed by tallization in certain developmental stage
The detour such as thin planting, Vigorating compact planting, bush type culture is the most delayed, and bush type culture is also doctrinal to indiscriminately imitate foreign technology and side
Method.At present, China's Fructus Mali pumilae about 90% is Qiaoization cultivation, which forms in yield and quality and between developed countries
Gap.China's Fructus Mali pumilae yield per unit area is 11.1 tons/hectare, and China's APPLE QUALITY fruit rate only accounts for the 30% of Fructus Mali pumilae total output
Left and right, its medium-to-high grade fruit is less than 5%, and the high quality fruit rate of the states such as the U.S., New Zealand, Japan reaches 70%, the top grade of available for export
Really rate is about 50%.
China's Apple Culture is the world's strongest nation, wants firmly in occupying power and international market, catches up with and exceed prosperity
Country's Apple Culture technology, is necessary for changing traditional Apple Culture idea and Qiaoization planting type, and apple tree quaternity is planted
Training technology, is the brand-new cultural method downgraded in a high position, study on the basis of root anvil high position bush type culture, mainly profit
With growing the strongst vigorous stock grafting dwarfing stock thereon, then apple variety purposes difference is pressed in grafting on dwarfing stock
Select the regulation kind (i.e. the section of regulation) that different regulation quality, coloring, fruit shape index etc. are required, finally grafting in regulation section
Required Fructus Mali pumilae breeding.Using stock, short anvil, regulation section and kind impact with each other to promote, repeatedly grafting is defeated to fruit tree nutrition
Send approach to produce impact, make the energy such as apple development characteristic, fruit size, planting density, degree of staining, fruit shape index, period of maturation complete
Entirely freely regulate along with the wish of people, reach manual intelligent management fruit tree.One kind downgrades height, difference by difference
The regulation of regulation section, has significantly elongated its supply of commodities phase, even can become several kind in fruit shape and taste.
The highly dense cultivation of fruit tree of quaternity, wide-and narrow-row is used to plant, every 667m2(mu) plants Seedling amount 67～222 strain.Should in shaping management
Use be allowed to grow, let nature take its course, set by tap, carve bud be main, soften as first, press down the method that long rush is short, thus very big limit
Ground improves land utilization ratio.Planting the 2nd annual bearing, the 3rd year high yield, more new varieties are exceedingly fast, and once kind falls behind, from regulation section
Grafting new varieties in portion's typically can recover yield substantially in the 2nd year.It does not cuts (stripping) cutter, does not draw one, does not saws, operation letter
Single, ventilation and penetrating light, may ultimately reach the General Promotion of Yield and quality, benefit.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, technical problem to be solved to be to provide, and a kind of growth is fast, result early, tree
Body is unanimously, really shape is consistent, coloring is consistent, and the regulation that kind is by different adjustment section, and its period of maturation is permissible with mouthfeel
The Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method of change.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method,
Comprise the following steps:
1) before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting use carry wooden bud grafting method, will Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock from root above 7-15cm at horizontal truncation reservation bottom as base
Anvil, uses on base anvil and carries wooden bud grafting method grafting dwarfing rootstock as intermediate stock；
Then grafting mouth preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer will be tightly wrapped after completing by grafting with plastic sheeting；
The blocking section of one 8-12cm is finally set in base anvil and short anvil junction；
2) transferring Soil covering after grafting, be wholly embedded in soil by blocking section, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously by every a line grafting fruit tree
Setting up fixation means at the 120-140cm of ground, described fixation means is used for keeping intermediate stock upright；
3) take root bottom base anvil after grafting 2-3 month, now apply 50-100g compound organic and inorganic fertilizer by every strain grafting nursery stock；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is organic to add the product after the fermentation of EM bacterium and carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) the Second Year late Febuary-section of being adjusted grafting mid-March, particularly as follows: level is cut at intermediate stock height 70-80cm
Disconnected intermediate stock, grafting regulation section on intermediate stock, regulate segment length 30-50cm, then by the apple tree scion of selected kind with
The method grafting of bud grafting is in regulation section, at every strain grafting 1-3；After grafting to base anvil and regulation section, regulation section and kind upper
Lower junction preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer, then tightly wraps with plastic sheeting；
Described regulation section is the apple variety that kind is different from scion；
5) checking after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes the unnecessary twig sprouted on intermediate stock and regulation section；
6) the 3rd year spring, retaining full bud and surely do, autumn i.e. grows up to Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity Seedling after fallen leaves.
Preferably regulation section one day before use by growth-promoting solution B at temperature 10-13 DEG C immersion treatment one night, or with soaking
The Cotton Gossypii parcel two ends having growth-promoting solution B are placed a night at low temperature 10-13 DEG C, within second day, use first 1 hour from low temperature environment
Taking-up is positioned in normal temperature environment, and takes out from growth-promoting solution B or remove Cotton Gossypii during concrete grafting operation；
Described growth-promoting solution B is vitamin B12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1.2:0.8:10.
Described Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii is Mains micromalus or flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii.
Field-transplanting can be carried out after 3rd year spring is surely dry, transplant and require that the lower end embedded depth of intermediate stock is not less than
30cm.For directly process big Tanaka, then should educate with regard to dell when educating in advance and to plant Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii and plant, it is to avoid cover centre to bury
Anvil and earthing up causes water and fertilizer management inconvenience.
Preferably wipe out the branch and leaf of part intermediate stock after step 1) grafting in time, to promote the growth of intermediate stock.
Generally growth-promoting agent is to aid between scion and stock preferably healing, and makes interface growth firmly, improves scion
Survival rate.The present invention the most firmly affects the effect of blocking section except survival rate to be improved, interface to be avoided growth.The present invention
The formula of growth-promoting agent is optimized, concrete: described preservative film impregnates before use or medial surface smears growth-promoting solution, institute
Stating growth-promoting solution is vitamin B12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1:0.5:10, utilizes the parcel of preservative film and plastic sheeting
Effect, prevents growth-promoting solution evaporation, maintains wound moist simultaneously, and wound can be formed by a small amount of growth-promoting solution on preservative film
The continuous action of 1-2 month, reaches the effect of " slow release ", it is possible to the growth of a certain degree of guarantee interface so that early stage base anvil
Intermediate stock is carried out nutrition supply, improves the survival rate of intermediate stock and promote that intermediate stock is taken root.
Compared with prior art the invention have the advantages that.
The Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method of the present invention, base anvil uses with intermediate stock and carries wooden bud grafting method, in grafting part
The blocking section of overall length 8-12cm is set at above 4-6cm, along with growth and the shallow-layer fertilising of intermediate stock promote that intermediate stock root system is raw
Long, the speed of growth of intermediate stock is much larger than base anvil, due to the blocking section constraint effect to diameter, along with the growth of intermediate stock becomes
Slightly, blocking section is the strongest to the cut-out effect of base anvil nutrition supply, after 2-3 base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii due to can not get nutrition supply and gradually
Atrophy comes off, and base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii is eliminated the impact of fruit tree growth and fruit, the regulation section of grafting, then can change same kind
Really shape and mouthfeel, sells with market for the different consumer groups, captures high-end market comprehensively.
Another advantage is that of the inventive method, nourish and grow and the reproductive growth of fruit tree balance, and change and nourish and grow
Crossing prosperous defect, blade is plump greatly, and leaf blade size is 1.5-2 times of the blade of same kind Qiaoization tree, and leave photosynthetic ability is strong,
Becoming and spend easily, growth is unanimously, really shape is consistent, coloring is consistent, by regulating the regulation of section, kind can have a different mouthfeel and
Dominate the market, be that the output of the fruit tree of the cultural method cultivation of the present invention is high, the main cause of high efficiency.
The present invention uses yield, the coloring, really shape, local flavor etc. selectively to fruit tree of the regulation section to be adjusted, and uses
Stock, short anvil, regulation section and kind impact with each other promote, repeatedly grafting produces impact to fruit tree nutrition transport way, makes
The complete wish along with people of the energy such as apple development characteristic, fruit size, planting density, degree of staining, fruit shape index, period of maturation is certainly
By regulating, reach manual intelligent management fruit tree.One kind downgrades height, the regulation of different adjustment section by difference, significantly
Degree has elongated its supply of commodities phase, even can become several kind in fruit shape and taste.
When apple variety falls behind, part more than regulation section is blocked, the Fructus Mali pumilae product that grafting is new again in regulation section
Kind, typically just can substantially recover yield in the 2nd year, save the time of about 4-6 than traditional category update method, according to biography
The mode that system updates, new varieties enter the best fruiting period, also it is possible to have already fallen behind.The present invention is capable of quick product
Planting and regenerate, meeting the market requirement ability is strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Specific embodiment:
2008, mark 4.5 mu of ground in east, village, the Dong Jia village, Chu Hou township, Linyi County, be divided into three pieces of regions, carry out fruit-tree breeding:
Region 1, processing method comprises the following steps:
1) before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting use carry wooden bud grafting method, will Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock from root above 7-15cm at horizontal truncation reservation bottom as base
Anvil, uses bud grafting method grafting dwarfing rootstock on base anvil；
Then grafting mouth preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer will be tightly wrapped after completing by grafting with plastic sheeting；
The blocking section of one 8-12cm is finally set in base anvil and short anvil junction；
2) transferring Soil covering after grafting, be wholly embedded in soil by blocking section, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously in every a line grafting fruit tree seedlings
Wood is other sets up fixation means at the 120-140cm of ground, and described fixation means is used for keeping intermediate stock upright；
3) take root bottom 2-3 month base anvil, now apply 50-100g compound organic and inorganic fertilizer by every strain grafting nursery stock；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is organic to add the product after the fermentation of EM bacterium and carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) the Second Year late Febuary-section of being adjusted grafting mid-March, particularly as follows: level is cut at intermediate stock height 70-80cm
Disconnected intermediate stock, grafting regulation section on intermediate stock, regulate segment length 30-50cm, then by the apple tree scion of selected kind with
The method grafting of bud grafting is in regulation section, at every strain grafting 1-3；After grafting to base anvil and regulation section, regulation section and kind upper
Lower junction preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer, then tightly wraps with plastic sheeting；
Described regulation section is the apple variety that kind is different from scion；
5) checking after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes the unnecessary twig sprouted on intermediate stock and regulation section；
6) the 3rd year spring, retaining full bud and surely do, autumn i.e. grows up to Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity Seedling after fallen leaves.
Region 2, wipes out the branch and leaf of part intermediate stock after being step 1) grafting with the difference in region 1.Regulation section is using
The previous day wraps up two ends with the Cotton Gossypii being soaked with growth-promoting solution B and places a night at low temperature 10-13 DEG C, within second day, uses first 1 hour
Take out from low temperature environment and be positioned over normal temperature environment, and remove Cotton Gossypii again during concrete grafting operation；Described growth-promoting solution B is dimension
Raw element B12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1.2:0.8:10.
With the difference in region 1, region 3, is that described preservative film impregnates before use or medial surface smears growth-promoting solution, institute
Stating growth-promoting solution is vitamin B12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1:0.5:10.Regulation section one day before use is molten by growth-promoting
Liquid B, at temperature 10-13 DEG C immersion treatment one night, uses first 1 hour to take out from low temperature environment and is positioned over normal temperature environment for second day,
And take out from growth-promoting solution B again during concrete grafting operation；Described growth-promoting solution B is vitamin B12: gibberellins: sterilized water=
The solution of 1.2:0.8:10.
Area above apple cultivation is not except to tree in addition to body carries out band girdle process, and basic water and fertilizer management etc. all can be according to
Routine Management is carried out.
Wherein region 1-3 is again broken down into A, B, C tri-pieces respectively, and the Grafted Variety of every piece of ground (0.5 mu) is as follows:
A district base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii uses Mains micromalus, and intermediate stock uses the refreshing virus-free original seed of short LS-1, regulation section to use rich No. three of cigarette,
Apple variety uses Pacific Ocean loud, high-pitched sound；
B district base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii uses flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii, and intermediate stock uses the refreshing virus-free original seed of short LS-1, and regulation section uses faces red No. 1, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae
Fruit kind uses Pacific Ocean loud, high-pitched sound；
C district base anvil Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii uses flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii, and intermediate stock uses the refreshing virus-free original seed of short LS-1, regulation section to use Asus, Fructus Mali pumilae
Kind uses Pacific Ocean loud, high-pitched sound；
Visible, due to repeatedly grafting and the existence of blocking section, cause graft survival rate lower, use growth-promoting solution to process
After, can preferably improve survival rate.And growth-promoting solution processes the production capacity on fruit tree the most not to be affected.2013-
2014, each region apple production was increased by a small margin the most every year, remains basically stable afterwards.The method of the visible present invention enters the best fruiting period
Hurry up, and get bumper crops every year, there is no dividing of biennial bearing.Being made without band girdle, the fruit tree life-span is unaffected, and the life-span is long；Change kind
Need not exclude veteran, carry out grafting in veteran regulation section, economic benefit is the most notable.
The present invention can summarize with other the concrete form without prejudice to the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.Therefore, nothing
Opinion is from the point of view of which point, and the embodiment above of the present invention all can only be considered the description of the invention and can not limit invention,
Claims indicate the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation, therefore, with the present invention
The suitable implication of claims and scope in any change, be all considered as being included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) before grain rains then, the Mmalus prunifolia carpentery workshop selecting annual diameter 0.5-1cm is base anvil, selects the dwarfing of respective diameters
Stock carries out grafting as intermediate stock；
Grafting use carry wooden bud grafting method, will Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock from root above 7-15cm at horizontal truncation reservation bottom as base
Anvil, uses on base anvil and carries wooden bud grafting method grafting dwarfing rootstock；
Then grafting mouth preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer will be tightly wrapped after completing by grafting with plastic sheeting；
The blocking section of one height 8-12cm is finally set in base anvil and intermediate stock junction；
2) transferring Soil covering after grafting, be wholly embedded in soil by blocking section, water holding ground moistening；Simultaneously in every a line grafting fruit tree seedlings
Wood is other sets up fixation means at the 120-140cm of ground, and described fixation means is adapted to assist in after intermediate stock grows to corresponding height and protects
Hold upright；
3) take root bottom base anvil after grafting 2-3 month, now apply 50-100g compound organic and inorganic fertilizer by every strain grafting nursery stock；
Employing shallow-layer applies fertilizer；
Described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is organic to add the product after the fermentation of EM bacterium and carbamide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mass ratio
10:1:0.5-0.8 forms；
4) the Second Year late Febuary-section of being adjusted grafting mid-March, particularly as follows: on intermediate stock ground at height 70-80cm
Horizontal truncation intermediate stock, on intermediate stock, grafting regulation section, regulates segment length 30-50cm, then by the apple tree of selected kind
Scion is regulating in section, at every strain bud grafting 1-3 with the method grafting of bud grafting；After bud grafting to intermediate stock with regulation section, regulation section with
The junction of kind with preservative film hard-pressed bale 1-2 layer, then tightly wraps with plastic sheeting respectively；
Described regulation section is the apple variety that kind is different from scion；
5) checking after one week that scion survives situation, survive removes the unnecessary twig sprouted on intermediate stock and regulation section；
6) the 3rd year spring, retaining full bud and surely do, autumn i.e. grows up to Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity Seedling after fallen leaves.
A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wipe out after step 1) grafting
The unnecessary twig sprouted on part intermediate stock and regulation section.
A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described preservative film is using
Front dipping or medial surface smear growth-promoting solution A, and described growth-promoting solution A is vitamin B12: gibberellins: sterilized water=1:0.5:10's
Solution.
A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii nursery stock is eight
Rib Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii or flat-top Caulis et folium euphorbiae milii.
A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after the 3rd year spring is surely dry
Transplant, transplant and require that the intermediate stock embedded depth of more than blocking section is not less than 30cm, after watering foot water, the apple nursery stock planted
Covered rearing with plastic film must be used.
A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae quaternity cultural method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that regulation section before use
It by growth-promoting solution B at temperature 10-13 DEG C immersion treatment one night, or with being soaked with the Cotton Gossypii parcel two ends of growth-promoting solution B in low
Place a night at temperature 10-13 DEG C, within second day, use within first 1 hour, be positioned over normal temperature environment from low temperature environment taking-up, and specifically
Take out from growth-promoting solution B again during grafting operation or remove Cotton Gossypii；
Described growth-promoting solution B is vitamin B12: gibberellins: the solution of sterilized water=1.2:0.8:10.
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| CN106718104A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 陕西超越农业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of xylophyta |
| CN107047188A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that Y-shaped apple hybrid tree is cultivated with dwarfing interstock |
| CN107439236A (en) * | 2017-09-02 | 2017-12-08 | 喻正金 | Evergreen fallen leaves belong to kind of a fusion homophyletic splicing envelope bud technical method more |
| CN107567920A (en) * | 2017-09-10 | 2018-01-12 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling |
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106718104A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 陕西超越农业有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of xylophyta |
| CN107047188A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that Y-shaped apple hybrid tree is cultivated with dwarfing interstock |
| CN107047188B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2020-10-20 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for cultivating Y-shaped apple hybrid tree by using dwarfing interstock |
| CN107439236A (en) * | 2017-09-02 | 2017-12-08 | 喻正金 | Evergreen fallen leaves belong to kind of a fusion homophyletic splicing envelope bud technical method more |
| CN107567920A (en) * | 2017-09-10 | 2018-01-12 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that rapid scale breeds dwarfing interstock apple seedling |
| CN107771602A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-03-09 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of three-stage ' strand hang method ' apple dwarf own-rooted tree fast breeding method |
| CN107771602B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Three-section type 'winching method' apple dwarfing self-rooted seedling rapid breeding method |
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